英語人教版高中選擇性必修一（2019新編）Unit 3 Fascinating Parks 第三講Grammar and Writing 教案

Alwaysbearinmindthatyourownresolutiontosucceedismoreimportantthananyonething.要隨時牢記在心：決心取得成功比任何一件事情都重要。GrammarandWriting語法語法精講Grammar——動詞－ing形式作主語語法感知1．Eventhoughthesunisbrightlyshining，tellingwhetheritismorningornightisimpossible.2．Gettinghereisquitedifficult，soapartfromtheSamiveryfewpeoplehaveeverseenSarek.3．Forhundredsofyears，lookingafterreindeerwasawayoflifefortheSami.4．Beinginsuchabeautifulandwildplacemakesmefeelblessedtobealive.【自主發(fā)現(xiàn)】1．動名詞由動詞變化而來，動名詞的意義往往是表示某個動作或某件事情。2．單個的動名詞(短語)作主語時，句子的謂語動詞需要用單數(shù)。語法精講一、動詞－ing形式的時態(tài)和語態(tài)1．動詞－ing形式通常有以下幾種變化形式(以do為例)：語態(tài)時態(tài)主動語態(tài)被動語態(tài)一般式doingbeingdone完成式havingdonehavingbeendone2.動詞－ing形式的時態(tài)意義(1)動詞－ing形式的一般式多用于表示一般情況，其所表示的動作與謂語動詞所表示的動作幾乎同時發(fā)生或發(fā)生在謂語動詞所表示的動作之后。Ienjoylisteningtoclassicalmusic.我喜歡聽古典音樂。(一般情況)Sheimaginedfindingawalletonthesidewalk.她想象著自己在人行道上發(fā)現(xiàn)了一個錢包。(同時)Hesuggestedstudyingscience.他建議學(xué)習(xí)科學(xué)。(稍后)(2)動詞－ing形式的完成式所表示的動作發(fā)生在謂語動詞所表示的動作之前。Hewaspraisedforhavingdoneagooddeed.他因?yàn)樽隽思檬露艿奖頁P(yáng)。3．動詞－ing形式的語態(tài)動詞－ing形式的主動式表示它的邏輯主語是動作的執(zhí)行者，動詞－ing形式的被動式表示它的邏輯主語是動作的承受者。Heinsistedonsendinghertohospital.他堅(jiān)持要把她送到醫(yī)院去。(執(zhí)行者)Sorry，Ididn’tmeantolosemytemper.Ijustcan’tstandbeingmisunderstood.對不起，我并不是存心要發(fā)脾氣。我只是受不了被誤解。(承受者)單句語法填空①(understand)yourownneedsandstylesofcommunicationisasimportantaslearningtoconveyyouraffectionandemotions.②Thefilmstarwearssunglasses.Therefore，hecangoshoppingwithout(recognize)．【答案】1.Understanding2.beingrecognized二、動詞－ing形式作主語1．動詞－ing形式作主語的功能及基本用法功能：動詞－ing形式作主語時，多表示經(jīng)常性、習(xí)慣性的動作，謂語動詞多用單數(shù)形式。Usingcocaineincreasestheuser’sheartrateandbloodpressure.使用可卡因會加快使用者的心率并使血壓升高。Wastingaperson’stimeisthesameaskillinghimforhisproperty.浪費(fèi)別人的時間無異于謀財害命。[名師提醒]意義不同的兩個動詞－ing形式并列作主語時，謂語動詞需用復(fù)數(shù)形式。ListeningtotheEnglishtapesandwatchingEnglishfilmsaregoodwaystolearnEnglish.聽英文磁帶和看英文電影是學(xué)英語的好方法。2．形式主語it代替動詞－ing形式作主語Itisnousetalkingtohim—hewon’tlisten.跟他談沒有用——他不會聽的。Itisawasteoftimetalkingaboutsuchuselessthings.談?wù)撨@些沒用的事情是在浪費(fèi)時間。[名師提醒]it作形式主語代替動詞－ing形式的常用句型(1)Itis/feelsfunnydoingsth做某事(感覺)很有趣Itisuselessdoingsth做某事無用Itisworthwhiledoingsth做某事是值得的(2)It’sawasteoftimedoingsth做某事是浪費(fèi)時間(3)It’snogood/nouse/nofundoingsth做某事沒好處/沒用/沒意思(1)用所給動詞的適當(dāng)形式填空①(learn)tothinkcriticallyisanimportantskilltoday’schildrenwillneedforthefuture.②(eat)toomuchfatisnogoodforyourhealth.③It’sawasteoftime(try)topersuadesuchaperson.④Itisnouse(write)tohim；heneveranswersletters.(2)補(bǔ)全句子⑤aninterestingandrewardingexperience.沿著古老的“絲綢之路”旅行是一次有趣、有意義的經(jīng)歷?！敬鸢浮?.Learning2.Eating3.trying4.writing5.TravelingalongtheoldsilkRoadis三、動詞－ing形式的否定形式動詞－ing形式的否定形式通常是在其前加not，帶有邏輯主語時，not應(yīng)放在邏輯主語和動詞－ing形式之間。Notknowinghowtouseacomputermakesitmoredifficultforhimtodohisacademicresearch.不知道如何使用電腦使他更難進(jìn)行學(xué)術(shù)研究。Nothavingdonehishomeworkmakestheteacherangry.未完成他的作業(yè)讓老師很生氣。補(bǔ)全句子①(沒買那條貴裙子)causesthecoupletoquarrel.②(未能通過考試)madehimdisturbed.【答案】1.Notbuyingtheexpensivedress2.Notpassingtheexam四、動詞－ing形式的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)動詞－ing形式的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)由物主代詞或人稱代詞賓格、名詞所有格或普通格加動詞－ing，即“sb/sb’s＋doing”構(gòu)成。動詞－ing形式的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)實(shí)際上是給動詞－ing形式加了一個邏輯主語。動詞－ing形式的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)有四種形式：·形容詞性物主代詞＋動詞－ing形式·名詞所有格＋動詞－ing形式·代詞賓格＋動詞－ing形式·名詞＋動詞－ing形式Hercomingtohelpencouragedallofus.她來幫忙鼓舞了我們所有人。(＝Thatshecametohelpencouragedallofus.)Mary’s(不可用Mary)beingillmadehermotherupset.瑪麗病了，這使她媽媽很著急。動詞－ing形式的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)在句中作主語時，不能用代詞的賓格和名詞的普通格形式。補(bǔ)全句子①madehisteacherveryangry.他又一次遲到使他的老師非常生氣。②causedsomuchtrouble.簡的粗心大意造成了太多的麻煩。【答案】1.Hisbeinglateagain2.Jane’sbeingcarelessness隨堂練習(xí)Ⅰ.單句語法填空1．Itisnogood(say)suchuglywordstohim.2．(laughat)iswhatIhatemost.3．(bath)makesthebabysmellunpleasant.4．Plantingmanytrees(be)verygoodforourenvironment.5．isawasteoftimepersuadingsuchapersontojoinus.6．(educate)inBeijingUniversityisthedreamofmanystudents.7．(receive)areplymadethemanagerworried.8．But(use)cheesebrine(鹽水)couldhelpbothcheeseproducersandcitiessavemoney.9．Buildingupadreamteam(be)morecomplexthansimplyhiringthebesttalent.10．It’snouse(complain)withouttakingaction.【答案】1.saying2.Beinglaugheda3.Notbeingbathed4.is5.It6.Beingeducated7.Nothavingreceived8.using9.is10.complainingⅡ.補(bǔ)全句子1．a(chǎn)rguingwithhim.和他爭論真是浪費(fèi)時間。2．inthemorningmadehimlateforclass.他早上起晚了，這導(dǎo)致他上課遲到了。3．makesmefailtostudying.我哥哥彈吉他使我無法專心學(xué)習(xí)。4．bythelocalvillagermadeusfindthestrangecavequickly.在當(dāng)?shù)卮迕竦囊废?，我們很快找到了那個奇怪的山洞。5．It’snogood．整天在床上睡覺沒有好處。6．isaverygoodhabit.飯后散步是一個很好的習(xí)慣。7．isnotapleasurebutasuffering.在這種環(huán)境中工作不是一件愉快的事而是一件痛苦的事。8．hishomeworkallowshimtoturnontheTV.做完作業(yè)后，他就可以打開電視了。【答案】1.It’sawasteoftime2.Hisgettinguplate3.Mybrother’splayingtheguitar，getdownto4.Havingbeenledtheway5.sleepinginbedallday6.Walkingafterameal7.Workinginthisenvironment8.Havingfinished語法填空Theworldisacolorfullandscapeofdifferentlanguages，skincolorsanddifferentcultures.It’simportanttodevelopan1.____________(appreciate)fordifferentculturesinordertobecomeawell－roundedpersonwhois2.____________(sense)totheuniquequalitiesofothers.Onewaytodevelopthispleasureistotrytolearnaboutotherculturesaroundtheworld.Thereareseveralwaystobecomeknowledgeableaboutdifferentcultures.Onewayistoreadbooks3.____________(write)byauthorsfromdifferentcultures.4.____________(read)worksbyauthors5.__________________haveacloserelationshipwithonespecificcultureallowspeopletogainanauthenticglimpseintothefood，music，language，religion，andwayoflifeof6.____________particulargroupofpeople.Forexample，whenateacher7.____________(wish)toexposeherstudents8.____________adifferentculture，shewilloftenreadthemstoriesbasedonthatculture.9.____________(learn)aboutvarioustribesofNativeAmericans，shemayreadstudentsbookslikeTheRough－FaceGirlbyRafeMartin.ShemayinviteNativeAmerican10.____________(storyteller)tovisittheclassroomsostudentscanlistentoauthentictalesfromthatparticularculture.【語篇解讀】世界是不同語言、不同膚色、不同文化構(gòu)成的多彩風(fēng)景。培養(yǎng)對不同文化的欣賞能力很重要，其中一個方法是閱讀來自特定文化的作者寫的書。閱讀這些作品可以讓人們真正地了解特定人群的飲食、音樂、語言、宗教和生活方式。1．a(chǎn)ppreciation【解析】考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)換。根據(jù)設(shè)空處前的不定冠詞an可知，設(shè)空處應(yīng)用名詞。2．sensitive【解析】考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)換。besensitiveto為固定搭配，意為“對……敏感/感受力強(qiáng)的”。故填sensitive。3．written【解析】考查非謂語動詞。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，句中已有謂語動詞，設(shè)空處應(yīng)用非謂語動詞形式；設(shè)空處和books構(gòu)成邏輯上的被動關(guān)系，應(yīng)用過去分詞形式作定語。故填written。4．Reading【解析】考查非謂語動詞。________worksbyauthors在句中作主語，設(shè)空處應(yīng)用動名詞形式，且位于句首，故填Reading。5．who/that【解析】考查定語從句。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，設(shè)空處引導(dǎo)定語從句，先行詞為authors，指人，且在從句中作主語。故填who/that。6．a(chǎn)【解析】考查冠詞。agroupof為固定搭配，意為：“一群……”。故填a。7．wishes【解析】考查動詞的時態(tài)和主謂一致。此處描述一般事實(shí)，應(yīng)用一般現(xiàn)在時，且主語為ateacher，設(shè)空處應(yīng)用第三人稱單數(shù)形式。故填wishes。8．to【解析】考查介詞。expose...to...為固定搭配，意為“使……接觸……”。故填to。9．Tolearn【解析】考查非謂語動詞。根據(jù)句意可知，設(shè)空處在句中作目的狀語，應(yīng)用不定式，且位于句首。故填Tolearn。10．storytellers【解析】考查名詞單復(fù)數(shù)。storyteller意為“(尤指給兒童)講故事的人”，為可數(shù)名詞；根據(jù)句意可知，此處表泛指，指不止一個會講故事的人，應(yīng)用復(fù)數(shù)形式。寫作園地寫作園地Writing——介紹旅游景點(diǎn)一、寫作特點(diǎn)寫旅游景點(diǎn)介紹類文章首先要按照一定的結(jié)構(gòu)順序(時間順序、空間順序、邏輯順序等)和模式(先總后分、由整體到局部、由概述到細(xì)節(jié)等)來展開。其次，文章要重點(diǎn)突出，詳略得當(dāng)。寫作時不一定要面面俱到，應(yīng)重點(diǎn)描寫該旅游景點(diǎn)的特別之處，突出其特色(如其獨(dú)特的風(fēng)景、歷史文化、地理風(fēng)貌、風(fēng)土人情、傳說故事、民族習(xí)俗或名勝古跡等)，這樣才能給讀者留下深刻的印象。最后，語言要生動、富有感染力，使讀者有身臨其境之感，且產(chǎn)生強(qiáng)烈的旅游欲望。二、寫作步驟在寫這類文章時，通常有以下幾個步驟：首先，整體介紹景點(diǎn)，例如它基本的地理位置或人文環(huán)境；其次，具體介紹其代表性的歷史價值或突出的人文特色等；最后，總結(jié)概括并吸引讀者前去旅游。在語言特點(diǎn)上要注意：第一，時態(tài)多用一般現(xiàn)在時；第二，方位詞要準(zhǔn)確運(yùn)用，過渡詞要恰當(dāng)；第三，遣詞造句要簡潔，不可過分渲染或模棱兩可。1．介紹旅游景點(diǎn)地理位置(1)表示“位置”的句型①...is/lies＋地點(diǎn)狀語位于……②...belocated/situated＋地點(diǎn)狀語坐落于……(2)表示“海拔”的句型...lies/is＋數(shù)詞＋metresabovethesealevel.……海拔……米。2．介紹某地旅游景點(diǎn)(1)列舉“風(fēng)景名勝”①Therearemanyplacesofinterest，suchas...這里有許多名勝，比如……②...hasmanyplacesofinterest，amongwhichis...……有許多名勝，其中就有……(2)表述地區(qū)特色①...isfamous/well－knownfor...……因……而聞名。②...isfamous/well－knownas...……作為……而聞名。③...becoveredwith...……為……所覆蓋。④...bemadeupof/consistsof...……由……組成。3．介紹旅游景點(diǎn)歷史背景①...hasalonghistoryof...years.……有……年的歷史。②...isa．..place/countrywith...history.……是擁有……歷史的地方/國家。③...datesbackto/datesfrom...……可以追溯到……年代。假定你是秦皇島市的一名中學(xué)生李華，請根據(jù)以下要點(diǎn)向準(zhǔn)備來你校作交換生的英國同學(xué)介紹一下位于秦皇島旅游區(qū)著名的河北海濱國家森林公園。要點(diǎn)：1．位于秦皇島市北戴河區(qū)，占地1，600多公頃；2．森林茂密，棲息著多種珍稀動物，鳥類380余種，占河北省鳥類總數(shù)的90%多；3．歡迎游覽。注意：1.詞數(shù)100左右：2．可適當(dāng)增加細(xì)節(jié)，以使行文連貫。參考詞匯：公頃hectare第一步審題謀篇體裁說明文時態(tài)以一般現(xiàn)在時為主主題介紹森林公園的主要特色人稱以第三人稱為主布局1.簡要介紹位置和主要特色2．歡迎游覽第二步要點(diǎn)翻譯1．河北海濱國家森林公園在中國是一個極好的旅游景點(diǎn)。HebeiCoastalNationalForestParkisan__incredible__tourist__attractioninChina.2．它是一個以茂密的森林和大量珍稀動物，特別是各種鳥類資源而聞名的公園。It__is__a__park__best__known__foritsthickforestandabundanceofrareanimals，especiallyvarietiesofbirds.3．它以其令人嘆為觀止的美吸引著來自世界各地的游客。It__appeals__to__touristsfromallovertheworldwithitsbreathtakingbeauty.4．你會發(fā)現(xiàn)在這兒的旅行是令人愉快且有益的。Youwillfind__your__triphereenjoyable__and__rewarding．第三步詞句升級1．用過去分詞作狀語改寫句子HebeiCoastalNationalForestParkislocatedinBeidaiheDistrict，QinhuangdaoCity.ItisanincredibletouristattractioninChina.→Located__inBeidaiheDistrict，QinhuangdaoCity，HebeiCoastalNationalForestParkisanincredibletouristattractioninChina.2．用現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語改寫句子Theparkcoversmorethan1，600hectaresandishometoover380varietiesofbirds.→Covering__more__than__1，600__hectares，theparkishometoover380varietiesofbirds.3．用定語從句改寫句子Coveringmorethan1，600hectares，theparkishometoover380varietiesofbirds.Theyaccountformorethan90%ofthewholeamountofbirdkindsinHebeiProvince.→Coveringmorethan1，600hectares，theparkishometoover380varietiesofbirds，which__account__formorethan90%ofthewholeamountofbirdkindsinHebeiProvince.4．用動名詞短語作主語改寫句子Youshouldtakeawalkinsuchaforest.Itisnotjustatimeforrelaxation.→Taking__a__walkinsuchaforestisnotjustatimeforrelaxation.第四步連句成篇LocatedinBeidaiheDistrict，QinhuangdaoCity，HebeiCoastalNationalForestParkisanincredibletouristattractioninChina.Itisaparkbestknownforitsthickforestandabundanceofrareanimals，especiallyvarietiesofbirds.Coveringmorethan1，600hectares，theparkishometoover380varietiesofbirds，whichaccountformorethan90%ofthewholeamountofbirdkindsinHebeiProvince.Itappealstotouristsfromallovertheworldwithitsbreathtakingbeauty.HebeiCoastalNationalForestParkisthoughttobeamustforbirdwatchers.Takingawalkinsuchaforestisnotjustatimeforrelaxation.Youwillfindyourtriphereenjoyableandrewarding.假設(shè)你是李華，你的新西蘭筆友Nick將于八月來湖北旅游，特來信詢問有關(guān)旅游景點(diǎn)的情況。請根據(jù)下表所提供的要點(diǎn)，寫一封回信，并表示盼望他的到來。旅游資源許多著名的風(fēng)景名勝，如黃鶴樓(位于武昌蛇山，江南三大名樓之一)；三峽大壩(對灌溉和發(fā)電起著重要的作用)；東湖；赤壁等等。相關(guān)信息氣候適宜，交通方便注意：1.詞數(shù)100左右，信的格式及開頭已為你寫好(不計入總詞數(shù));2．可根據(jù)內(nèi)容要點(diǎn)適當(dāng)增加細(xì)節(jié)，以使行文連貫。參考詞匯：黃鶴樓theYellowCraneTower；三峽大壩theThreeGorgesDam；赤壁theRedCliffDearNick，I’mgladtohearthatyou’recomingtoHubeiinAugust.Yourssincerely，LiHua【參考范文】DearNick，I’mgladtohearthatyou’recomingtoHubeiinAugust.You’vemadeawisechoicetotravelhere.Asweallknow，HubeiProvinceisrichintouristattractionsandhasmanyworld－famousplacesofinterest，suchastheYellowCraneTower，theThreeGorgesDamandtheRedCliff.TheYellowCraneTower，locatedontheSnakeHillinWuchang，isoneofthe“ThreeFamousTowersSouthoftheYangtzeRiver”．TheEastLakeinWuhaniswell－knownforitsbeautifulscenery，whereyoucantakeadipandgoboating.AnotherattractionistheThreeGorgesDamwhichplaysanimportantpartinirrigationandproducingelectricity.Besides，theniceweatherandconvenienttransportherecanmakeyourtripmoreenjoyable.I’msureyou’llhaveagoodtime.Iamlookingforwardtoyourarrival.Yours__sincerely，Li__Hua分層提分分層提分讀后續(xù)寫閱讀下面材料，根據(jù)其內(nèi)容和所給段落開頭語續(xù)寫兩段，使之構(gòu)成一篇完整的短文。Alittlegirlwhoseparentshaddiedlivedwithhergrandmotherandsleptinanupstairsbedroom.Onenighttherewasafireinthehouseandthegrandmotherdiedwhiletryingtorescuethechild.Thefirespreadquickly，andthesituationwasterrible.Neighbourscalledthefiredepartment，andthenstoodhelplessly.Theywereunabletoenterthehousebecauseflamesblockedalltheentrances.Thelittlegirlappearedatanupstairswindow，cryingforhelp，justaswordsspreadamongthecrowdthatthefirefighterswouldbedelayedafewminutesbecausetheywereallatanotherfire.Suddenly，amanappearedwithaladder，putitupagainstthesideofthehouseanddisappearedinside.Whenhereappeared，hehadthelittlegirlinhisarms.Hedeliveredthechildtothewaitingarmsbelow，andthendisappearedintothenight.Aninvestigationrevealedthatthechildhadnolivingrelatives，andweekslaterameetingwasheldinthetownhalltodeterminewhowouldtakethechildintotheirhomeandbringherup.Ateachersaidshewouldliketoraisethechild.Shepointedoutthatshecouldensureheragoodeducation.Afarmerofferedheranupbringingonhisfarm.Hepointedoutthatlivingonafarmwashealthyandsatisfying.Othersalsospoke，givingtheirreasonswhyitwastothechild’sadvantagetolivewiththem.Finally，thetown’srichestresidentroseandsaid，“Icangivethischildalltheadvantagesthatyouhavementionedhere，plusmoneyandeverythingthatmoneycanbuy.”Throughoutallthis，thechildremainedsilent，withhereyesfixedonthefloor.“Doesanyoneelsewanttospeak？”askedthemeetingchairman.Amancameforwardfromthebackofthehall.Hewalkedslowlyandappearedtobeinpain.注意：續(xù)寫詞數(shù)應(yīng)為150左右。Whenhegottothefrontoftheroom，hestooddirectlyinfrontofthelittlegirlandheldouthisarms.