初中英語一輪復習之定語從句知識精講

初中英語一輪復習之定語從句知識精講在復合句中。修飾某一名詞或代詞的從句叫定語從句。一、先行詞定語從句所修飾的詞。二、關系詞1.關系代詞:代替先行詞在句中作主語、賓語、定語或表語。如:that,which,who,whom.whose,as.2.關系副詞:代替先行詞在句中作狀語。如:when,where,why。三、特點1.在句子中作定語:2.關系詞在從句中需充當句子成分;3.關系代詞作主語時。人稱和數與先行詞一致。四、關系代詞的用法1.who指人,在定語從句中作主語,口語中可作賓語;that也可指人,但多用who。ThemanwhoissittingunderthetreeisaGerman.ThestudentwhospeaksGermanbestcomesfromChina.Themanwho(that)youwanttoseeishere.2.whom指人，在句中作賓語?？谡Z中可略。但在作介詞的賓語時只能用whom，不能用who。關系代詞前有介詞時，whom不能略Theman(whom)youlookforisdead.Iknowthegirl(whom/who)theteacherisspeakingto.Iknowthegirltowhomtheteacherisspeaking.3.whose作定語?？芍溉嘶蛭顴veryonehelpsthechildwhoseparentsaredead.Theyarethelazystudentswhose'homeworkwasn'thandedin.that指人或物,多指物;作主語(不能略)或賓語(可略)Heisthefinestcomradethathashelpedus.Thisisaplantthatgrowsinthenorth.Thatisthenewfilm(that)wehaveseen.which指物,在句中作主語(不能略)或賓語(可略)Thisbuildingwhichisbeingbuiltisahotel.Iknowthehouse(which)helivedin.[注意]:A.whom,that,which在定語從向中作賓語可略，但在介詞+whom/which中不能略、介詞后不能用thal。若介詞置于動詞后，可用that,which。whom;置于關系代詞前只用whichwhom固定的動詞短語中介詞不能提前。ThechildtowhomAuntLiwrotealetterisill.Thisisthemagazine(that/which)youarelookingfor.先行詞是人時可用who或that，但下列情況多用who來明確指人①先行詞為all,anyone,one/ones指人時，用who來明確指人Twowomenareunderthetree.Theonewhoissewingishermother.Anyonewhohasevescanseeit.②先行詞為those或he/she等人稱代詞時。Thosewhoareagainsttheplanhaveraisedtheirhands.Hewhodoesn'tgototheGreatwallisnotarealman:③Therebe開頭的句子。Thereisastrangerwhowantstoseeyou.④在被分隔的定語從句中TheteacherwillcomeatoncewhowillteachanewGermansong.⑤一個句子帶有兩個定語從句,其中一個用who,另一個用that。Themanthatwaspraisedatthemeetingwhowas,givenamedalisasoldier.C.指物時用which或thal,但在下列情況一般用that。①先行詞為all,everything,anything,nothing,much.liule,none.one等不定代詞時，只能用that。Allthatglittersisnotgold.②先行詞被形容詞最高級或序數詞所修飾時。ThisisthebestfilmthatIhaveeverseen.ThisisthefirstEnglishnovelthatwaspublishedinourcountry.③當關系代詞在定語從句中作表語時Chinaisnotthecountrythatitusedtobe.4先行詞被very,thesame,thelast,theonly,thefirst等修飾時HeistheverymanthatI'mafter.TheonlythingthatIcandoistoworkharder.主句以特殊疑問詞who,which,what開頭時Whowasitthatdiscoveredtheelement?Whatwasitthatshebought?7.先行詞包括人和物時。Theytalkedofthingsandpersonsthattheyrememberedintheschool.IlikethepeopleandtheplacethatIvisitedlastyear.[注意]:whose指物時，可用“名詞+ofwhich+從句"代替Thisistheroomthewindowofwhichisbroken.五、關系副詞的用法when指時間。①在定語從句中作狀語。先行詞主要為一些時間名詞(year,day等)。Hestillremembersthedaywhenhejoinedthearmy.②先行詞在從句中作主語或賓語時，則用that/which,不能用when。Heregrettedthedaysthat/whichhespentonplay.Heremembersthedayswhenhespentmuchmoneyonstories.③Itisthefirsttimethat...句型中，that是習慣用法，不能用when。ItisthefirsttimethatIhavebeentotheGreatWall2.where指地點。①指前面的地點，在從句中作狀語。IknowthefactorywhereIworkedtwentyyearsago.②指地點,在句中作主語、賓語時不能用where，須用that/which。Thisisthehousewherehehaslivedfor20years.Thisisthehousethathehaslivedinfor20years.[注意]:有時when,where相當于“介詞at/in+which”Helefttheroomwhere/inwhichhelivedlastyear.why表原因;"thereasonwhy...that.”中，不能用because代替that。That'sthereasonwhy(forwhich)hedidn'tcometoschool.Thereasonwhyhedidn'tattendthemeetingisthathewasill.但reason在從句中作賓語時關系詞用that/which,可略。Idon'tbelievethereason(which/that)hegaveme.六、其它1.as在限制性定語從句中。①只有在先行詞前含有such.thesame.as...as.so..as等時，使用as:as可作賓語，主語。表語，若從句的謂語與主句謂語相同或為be動詞時，可以將謂語省略。He'llgiveussuchthingsaswemayneed.TomlivesinthesamebuildingasI(livein).Hisansweristhesameasyours(is).②as與that的區(qū)別:as引導的定語從句表示它的內容與主句所講的內容相似，即指同類事物;that引導定語從句表示的內容與主句相同，即為同一事物ThisisthesamepenthatIlostyesterday.這正是我昨天丟的鋼筆。Thisisthesamepenas!lostyesterday.這正像我昨天丟的鋼筆m/bywhich或that用在theway后,在定語從句中作行為方式狀語,?？陕訧don'tlikethewayyouspeaktoher.Iadmiredtheway(inwhich/that)youansweredhisquestions.Thisisnottheway(bywhich/that)wecamelasttime.七、非限制性定語從句限制性定語從句:定語從句緊接先行詞，不用遠號隔開。非限制性定語從句:對前面的先行詞作補充說明。用這號與主句隔開。1.關系詞在非限制性定語從句中的用法。關系代詞作賓語時不能省略，指人作主語用who.作賓語用whom指地點用where、指時間用when,指物只用which(不能用that),作定語用whose。Hedidn'tseethefilm,whichwasveryinteresting.(不用that)2.關系代詞as和which的并同①兩者都用退號與主句隔開,引導一個屬于附加說明性質的定語從句，說明整個主句某個短語(不一定修飾某個具體的先行詞)，可在從句中作主語、賓語、表語、從句中的謂語動用單數形式。TaiWanisapartofChina,which/asisknowntoall.HeisaFrenchman,which/asIknowfromhisaccentEveryoneshouldstudyhardforthepeople,which/ashasbeensaidbefore.②as引導的定語從句可以置于主句前或后，但which引導的定語從句只能放在主句后Asanybodycansee,anelephantislikeasnake.③在下列習語中多用as。asanybodycansee/asisknowntoall眾所周知的ashasbeensaidbefore正如以前所說的ashepointedout正如他所指出的④若定語從句的內容對主句有貶義色彩或起消極作用時，則其后的從句多用whichThepartyisputoff,whichmakesusverydisappointed.Hedidnothingbutsitthere,whichshowedhislaziness.八、區(qū)分:I.oneofsb.who+謂語用復數形式.theonlyoneofsb.who+謂語用單數形式SheisoneofthestudentswhosingRussiansongsinourclass.TomistheonlyoneoftheboyswhoknowsSpanish.2.thatistosay或thatis表示“也就是說，換句話說”,在句中作插入語，不要誤認為非限制性定語從句。Theoldmanhasgoneforever,thatistosay.hehasdied.鞏固精練()1.Hepaidtheboy10dollarsforwashingtenwindows.mostofhadn'tbeencleanedforatleastayear.A.these B.those C.that D.which ()2.Sheheardaterriblenoise.broughtherheartintohermouth.A.it B.which C.this D.that ()3.Inthedarkstreet,therewasn'tasinglepersonshecouldturnforhelpA.that B.who C.fromwhom D.towhom )4.Theweathertunedouttobeverygood.wasmorethanwecouldexpect.A.what B.which C.that D.it ()5.1don'tlike__youspeaktoher.A.theway B.thewayinthat C.thewaywhich D.thewayofwhich ()6.AfterlivinginParisforfiftyyearshereturnedtothesmalltown_hegrewupasachild.A.which B.where C.that D.when ()7.CarolsaidtheworkwouldbedonebyOctober.___personallyIdoubtverymuch.A.it B.that C.when D.which ()8.Dorothywasalwaysspeakinghighlyofherroleintheplay.___.,ofcourse,madetheothersunhappy.A.who B.which C.this D.what ()9.RecentlyIboughtanancientChinesevase._____wasveryreasonable.A.whichprice B.thepriceofwhich C.itspriceD.thepriceofwhose()10.Haveyouseenthefilm"Titanic".__leadingactorisworldfamous?A.its B.it's C.whose D.which ()11.He'sgothimselfintoadangeroussituation___heislikelytocontrolovertheplane.A.where B.which C.while D.why ()12.Johnsaidshe'dbeenworkingintheofficeforanhour.__._wastrue.A.he B.this C.which D.who ()13.Thefilmbroughtthehoursbacktome..___Iwastakengoodcareofinthatfarawayvillage.A.until B.that C.when D.where )14.__isknowntoeverybody,themoontravelsroundtheearthonceeverymonth.A.It B.As C.That D.What ()15.Isthisthereason_atthemeetingforcarelessnessinhiswork?A.heexplained B.whatheexplained C.howheexplained D.whyheexplained ()16.Thefamousbasketballstartriedtomakeacomeback,attractedalotofattention.A.where B.when C.which D.who ()17.Wearelivinginanage__manythingsaredoneoncomputerA.which B.that C.whose D.when ()18.NewYork._lastyear,isaniceoldcity.A.thatIvisited B.whichIvisited C.whereIvisited D.inwhichIvisited ()19.Icanthinkofmanycases_studentsobviouslyknewalotofEnglishwordsandexpressionsbutcouldn'twriteagoodessay.A.why B.which C.as D.where ()20.Afastfoodrestaurantistheplace.justasthenamesuggests,eatingisperformedquickly.A.which B.where C.there D.what ()21._isreportedinthenewspapers,talksbetweenthetwocountriesaremakingprogress.A.lt B.As C.That D.What ()22.Helenwasmuchkindertoheryoungestsonthantotheothers,._.ofcourse,madetheothersenvyhim.A.who B.that C.what D.which ()23.Anyway,thatevening__I'lltellyoumoreaboutlaterendedupstayingatRachel'splace.A.when B.where C.what D.which ()24.Iworkinabusinessalmosteveryoneiswaitingforagreatchance.A.howB.whichC.whereD.that()25.Luckily.we'dbroughtaroadmapwithout.wewouldhavelostourway.A.it B.that C.this D.which ()26.Americanwomenusuallyidentifytheirbestfriendas_someonetheycantalkfrequentlyA.who B.as C.aboutwhichD.withwhom ()27.GeorgeOrwell.wasEricArthur,wrotemanypoliticalnovelsandessays.A.therealnameB.whathisrealnameC.hisrealnameD.whoserealname()28.Whatsurprisedmewasnotwhathesaidbut___hesaidit.A.thewayB.inthewaythatC.inthewayD.thewaywhich()29.Thefactoryproduceshalfamillionpairsofshoeseveryyear,80%__aresoldabroad.A.ofwhich B.whichof C.ofthem D.ofthat ()30._isoftenthecase,wehaveworkedouttheproductionplan.A.Which B.When C.What D.As ()31.Thejourneyaroundtheworldtooktheoldsailorninemonths.-thesailingtimewas226days. A.ofwhich B.duringwhich C.fromwhich D.forwhich ()32.Irememberedthelastplace___wevisitedwasamiddleschool.A.where B.that C.inwhich D.which ()33.Thisisthefirsttime__IhavecometoChina.A.when B.which C.atwhich D.that ()34.Shewillneverforgettheday_shejoinedtheparty.A.which B.when C.inwhich D.onthat ()35.Idon'tliketheway____youspeaktoher.that B.onwhich C.which D.as習題解析1.D此句考查非限制性定語從句。從句中少主語，故選which,用來指代前面的windows。2.Bwhich指代前面的噪音。