藥學(xué)類開題報(bào)告范文

藥學(xué)類開題報(bào)告范文關(guān)于《藥學(xué)類開題報(bào)告范文》，是我們特意為大家整理的，希望對(duì)大家有所幫助。藥學(xué)類專業(yè)培養(yǎng)具有國(guó)際視野和創(chuàng)新精神，能勝任現(xiàn)代中藥新藥研究開發(fā)、質(zhì)量評(píng)價(jià)，中藥新制劑及中藥工程技術(shù)等方面工作的寬口徑、復(fù)合型中藥科技人才和領(lǐng)軍人物。藥學(xué)畢業(yè)論文開題報(bào)告范文篇一：1、選題意義和背景：萬古霉素(Vancomycin,VCM)是糖肽類抗生素，1958年被美國(guó)FDA批準(zhǔn)上市。萬古霉素通過干擾細(xì)菌細(xì)胞壁合成而發(fā)揮殺菌作用。本品主要對(duì)革蘭陽性(G+)菌具有強(qiáng)大的殺菌活性，特別是耐甲氧西林金黃色葡萄球菌(Methicillin-resistantstaphylococcusaureus,MRSA)以及耐甲氧西林凝固酶陰性葡萄球菌(Methicillinresistantcoagulasenegativestaphylococcus,MRCNS)[2].根據(jù)2012年中國(guó)CHINET細(xì)菌耐藥性監(jiān)測(cè)，MRSA和MRCNS檢出率分別平均為47.9%和77.1%[3].由于醫(yī)院內(nèi)上述耐藥菌感染日趨嚴(yán)重，萬古霉素越來越多地被應(yīng)用于臨床。然而，萬古霉素具有腎、耳毒性，嚴(yán)重者可導(dǎo)致腎衰竭或聽力喪失，這些不良反應(yīng)在老年人中更易出現(xiàn)。因此，安全有效的應(yīng)用該藥物，最大程度減少藥物對(duì)患者的損害，并發(fā)揮藥物的最佳療效，引起臨床高度關(guān)注。2、論文綜述/研究基礎(chǔ)：近年來，國(guó)內(nèi)外關(guān)于萬古霉素群體藥動(dòng)學(xué)(Populationpharmacokinetics,PPK)研究涉及新生兒、成年人、肥胖患者、腎功能不全患者等人群°Sanchez等[4]在141例應(yīng)用萬古霉素的患者中發(fā)現(xiàn)，老年人(≥65歲，n=40)清除率(Clearancerate,CL)和表觀分布容積(Apparentvolumeofdistribution,V)分別為(2.24±1.2)L·h-1和(43.7±5.1)L,而年輕人(福建醫(yī)科大學(xué)附屬第一醫(yī)院藥學(xué)部課題組前期已建立成年患者萬古霉素PPK模型，可以為臨床制定萬古霉素給藥方案提供參考依據(jù)。為了進(jìn)一步完善這一體系，本研究擬建立老年患者萬古霉素PPK模型，輔助臨床實(shí)現(xiàn)個(gè)體化給藥。3、參考文獻(xiàn):[1]WorldHealthOrganization.Men,ageingandhealth:Achievinghealthacrossthelifespan[J].2001.RybakMJ.Thepharmacokineticandpharmacodynamicpropertiesofvancomycin[J].ClinInfectDis,2006,42Suppl1:S35-39.汪復(fù)，朱德妹，胡付品，等。2012年中國(guó)CHINET細(xì)菌耐藥性監(jiān)測(cè)[J].中國(guó)感染與化療雜志，2013,13(5):321-330.SanchezJ,DominguezA,LaneJ,etal.Populationpharmacokineticsofvancomycininadultandgeriatricpatients:comparisonofelevenapproaches[J].Internationaljournalofclinicalpharmacologyandtherapeutics,2010,48(8)：525-533.肖永紅，陳佰義，何禮賢，等。萬古霉素臨床應(yīng)用劑量中國(guó)專家共識(shí)[J].中華傳染病雜志，2012,30(11)：641-646.陳佰義，管向東，何禮賢。萬古霉素臨床應(yīng)用中國(guó)專家共識(shí)(2011版)[J].中國(guó)新藥與臨床雜志，2011,30(8):561-573.AndersonRC,WorthHM,HarrisPN,etal.Vancomycin,anewantibiotic.IV.Pharmacologicandtoxicologicstudies[J].AntibiotAnnu,1956:75-81.PfallerM,KrogstadD,GranichG,etal.Laboratoryevaluationoffiveassaymethodsforvancomycin:bioassay,high-pressureliquidchromatography,fluorescencepolarizationimmunoassay,radioimmunoassay,andfluorescenceimmunoassay[J].Journalofclinicalmicrobiology,1984,20(3)：311-316.LiL,MilesMV,HallW,etal.Animprovedmicromethodforvancomycindeterminationbyhigh-performanceliquidchromatography[J].Therapeuticdrugmonitoring,1995,17(4):366-370.SaundersNJ,WantSV,AdamsDJ.AssayofvancomycinbyfluorescencepolarisationimmunoassayandEMITinpatientswithrenalfailure[J].JournalofAntimicrobialChemotherapy,1995,36(2):411-415.PeckmanHJ,DupuisRE,SawyerWT,etal.Vancomycinserumconcentrationsinpatientswithrenaldysfunction:acomparisonoffluorescencepolarizationimmunoassayandtheenzyme-multipliedimmunoassaytechnique[J].Therapeuticdrugmonitoring,1996,18(6)：647-653.FarinD,PivaGA,GozlanI,etal.AmodifiedHPLCmethodforthedeterminationofvancomycininplasmaandtissuesandcomparisontoFPIA(TDX)[J].Journalofpharmaceuticalandbiomedicalanalysis,1998,18(3)：367-372.WalkerCA,KoppB.Sensitivebioassayforvancomycin[J].Antimicrobialagentsandchemotherapy,1978,13(1)：30-33.FongKL,HoDH,BogerdL,etal.Sensitiveradioimmunoassayforvancomycin[J].Antimicrobialagentsandchemotherapy,1981,19(1)：139-143.JehlF,GallionC,ThierryR,etal.Determinationofvancomycininhumanserumbyhigh-pressureliquidchromatography[J].Antimicrobialagentsandchemotherapy,1985,27(4)：503-507.MorseGD,NairnDK,BertinoJrJS,etal.Overestimationofvancomycinconcentrationsutilizingfluorescencepolarizationimmunoassayinpatientsonperitonealdialysis[J].Therapeuticdrugmonitoring,1987,9(2)：212-215.Abu-ShandiKH.Determinationofvancomycininhumanplasmausinghigh-performanceliquidchromatographywithfluorescencedetection[J].Analyticalandbioanalyticalchemistry,2009,395(2)：527-532.YeoK-T,TraverseW,HorowitzG.ClinicalperformanceoftheEMITvancomycinassay[J].Clinicalchemistry,***,35(7):1504-1507.喬小云，朱懷軍，王羽。酶放大免疫分析法監(jiān)測(cè)萬古霉素血藥濃度的質(zhì)控評(píng)估[J].藥學(xué)與臨床研究，2013,21(5)：516-519.FavettaP,GuittoJ,BleyzacN,etal.Newsensitiveassayofvancomycininhumanplasmausinghigh-performanceliquidchromatographyandelectrochemicaldetection[J].JournalofchromatographyB,Biomedicalsciencesandapplications,KonishiH,IgaI,NagaiK.Underestimationofratserumvancomycinconcentrationsmeasuredbyanenzyme-multipliedimmunoassaytechniqueandthestrategyforitsavoidance[J].Drugtestingandanalysis,2014,6(4)：350-356.MoscatoD,NonnatoA,AdamoR,etal.Therapeuticmonitoringoftacrolimus:aberrantresultsbyanimmunoassaywithautomatedpretreatment[J].Clinicachimicaacta;internationaljournalofclinicalchemistry,2010,411(1-2)：77-80.RebolloN,CalvoMV,Martin-SuarezA,etal.ModificationoftheEMITimmunoassayforthemeasurementofunboundmycophenolicacidinplasma[J].Clinicalbiochemistry,2011,44(2-3):260-263.吳委。萬古霉素群體藥動(dòng)學(xué)及個(gè)體化給藥研究[D].福建醫(yī)科大學(xué)，2013.RybakMJ,LomaestroBM,RotschaferJC,etal.Vancomycintherapeuticguidelines:asummaryofconsensusrecommendationsfromtheinfectiousdiseasesSocietyofAmerica,theAmericanSocietyofHealth-SystemPharmacists,andtheS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