常用英語基礎知識

一、一種星期七天Sunday

Monday

Tuesday

Wednesday

Thursday

Friday

Saturday

二、一年十二個月January

February

March

April

May

JuneJuly

August

September

October

November

December三、一年四季1.spring

2.summer

3.autumn

4.winter四、輕易拼寫錯的數(shù)字1.eighth第八2.ninth第九3.forty四十4.twelfth第十二

5.twentieth第二十四、親屬稱呼1.daughter(女兒)2.niece(女性晚輩)3.nephew(男性晚輩)4.cousin(同輩兄弟姐妹)5.aunt(女性長輩)6.uncle(男性長輩)五、如下動詞加-ed或-ing要雙寫最終一種字母1.regret(regretted,regretting)懊悔

2.control(controlled,controlling)控制3.admit(admitted,admitting)承認

4.occur(occurred,occurring)出現(xiàn)5.prefer(preferred,preferring)寧愿

6.refer(referred,referring)提到7.forget(forgetting)忘掉

8.permit(permitted,permitting)容許9.equip(equipped,equipping)裝備注意：quarrel,signal,travel中的l可雙寫（英國英語）也可不雙寫（美國英語）六、部分過去式和過去分詞不規(guī)則變化的動詞1.broadcast(broadcast,broadcast)廣播

2.flee(fled,fled)逃跑3.forbid(forbade,forbidden)嚴禁

4.forgive(forgave,forgiven)原諒5.freeze(froze,frozen)結(jié)冰6.hang(作“絞死”講，是規(guī)則的；作“懸掛”講，其過去式過去分詞都是hung)7.lie–lied–lied說謊;

lie—lay---lain躺下

lay-laid-laid放置8.seek(sought,sought)尋求

9.shake(shook,shaken)發(fā)抖10.sing(sang,sung)唱歌

11.sink(sank,sunk/sunken)下沉12.spread(spread,spread)傳播

13.swim(swam,swum)游泳14.tear(tore,torn)撕碎

16.wear(wore;worn)穿/戴17.hold(held,held)

18.make(made,made)19.keep(kept,kept)七、意思相近的詞1.check（查對）/

examine(檢查)/

test（測試）

2.receive（收到）/

accept（接受）3.destroy（毀壞；消滅）/damage（破壞）

4.celebrate(慶祝)/

congratulate（祝賀）5.wearsth/

dresssb

穿衣八、注意形容詞變名詞時的拼寫變化1.long—length長度2.wide—width寬度3.high—height高度4.strong—strength力量九、以-ic結(jié)尾的動詞，應先把-ic變?yōu)?ick，再加ing或ed1.picnic(picnicked,picnicking)野餐十、個別名詞的復數(shù)拼寫1.German(Germans)德國人2.gulf(gulfs)海灣3.handkerchief(handkerchiefs)手帕roof(roofs)房頂4.hero(英雄)，potato(土豆)，tomato(西紅柿)等有生命的以-o結(jié)尾的名詞變復數(shù)時要加-es。十一、注意動詞變名詞時的拼寫變化1.succeed—success成功

2.pronounce—pronunciation發(fā)音3.explain—explanation解釋

4.decide—decision決定5.enter—entrance進入

6.permit—permission容許

7.consider—consideration考慮

8.expect—expectation期待9.discover—discovery發(fā)現(xiàn)

10.bury—burial埋葬11.conclude—conclusion得出結(jié)論

12.arrive—arrival抵達13.weigh—weight重量

14.describe—description描述15.lose—loss損失

16.anxious---anxiety

焦急十二、注意形容詞變副詞時的拼寫變化1.beautiful漂亮的—beautifully

2.possible也許的—possibly3.practical實際的—practically

4.particular尤其的—particularly5.successful成功的—successfully

十三、其他必背單詞1.abroad國外

2.absencen.缺席(absentadj.)

3.accept接受)4.accident事故(accidentaladj.偶爾的，accidentallyadv.偶爾地)5.achievement成就(achievev.獲得)

6.address地址

7.admire欽佩8.admit承認

（admitted)

9.agreement協(xié)議

10.agriculture農(nóng)業(yè)(agriculturaladj.農(nóng)業(yè)的)

industry工業(yè)（industrial工業(yè)的）11.altogether總共

12.ancient古代的13.announce宣布、告知announcement(n.口頭告知)14.anxiety憂慮(anxiousadj.焦急的，anxiouslyadv.焦急地)15.apologizev.道歉(apologyn.道歉)

16.appear出現(xiàn)（appearance外貌n.）disappear消失/不見17.appreciate感謝/欣賞(感謝人用thanksb；謝謝某人做的事用appreciatesth.)18.Asian(亞洲的)

19.assistant助手20.astonish吃驚(astonishmentn.吃驚，astonishing令吃驚的，astonished吃驚的)21.astronaut宇航員

22.atmosphere氣氛23.attempt嘗試(n/v)

attempttodosth24.attentively專心地25.attention專心

payattentiontodoingsth26.attitude態(tài)度

27.attract吸引(attraction吸引力)28.average平均/平均的

onaverage

平均30.balance平衡

keepthebalanceofnature保持生態(tài)平衡

31.beauty美(beautiful,beautifully)

beautify美化32.believe相信(beliefn.信念，其復數(shù)是beliefs)

33.beyond超過34.biology生物

35.birthday生日

36.bravery勇敢

brave勇敢的

bravely勇敢地37.broad寬闊的

38.broadcast廣播(broadcast;broadcast;)39.care關(guān)懷

careful小心的

carefully小心地40.ceiling天花板

41.cinema電影院42.celebrate慶祝

43.celebration慶祝n.44.century世紀

45.challenge挑戰(zhàn)

46.character性格47.charge收費

bechargeof/takechargeof管理…48.comfortv.&n.安慰

comfortable舒適的adj.

comfortablyadv.舒適地50.comment評論

51.communicate（vt）

communication(n)交流52.competition競賽(competev.競賽competitor競賽者)53.composition作文

54.concert音樂會55.concludev.conclusionn.結(jié)論

56.condition狀況(conditions條件)57.concern關(guān)懷

(vt)

58.congratulations祝賀(congratulatev.)59.constant不停的

constantly不停地60.construction(建設)

61.continue繼續(xù)62.contribution奉獻

(contributev.)

makecontributionsto對…做出奉獻63.convenient(adj.)以便的

conveniently以便地

64.conversation談話

65.coughing咳嗽

66.cousin表兄弟

67.cruel的(adj.cruelly殘酷地adv.)68.curious好奇的(curiosityn.好奇)

69.culture（cultural文化的adj.）

70.customer顧客

72.custom習俗

73.destroy消滅(其過去式是destroyed)

74.declare宣稱

75.delicious美味

76.damage損壞77.determined有決心的

bedeterminedtodosth決心做某事78.develop發(fā)展(developmentn.

developing發(fā)展中的，developed發(fā)達的)79.dialogue對話

80.diary日志(dairy奶制品)81.difference不一樣點(復數(shù)differences)

different不一樣的

differently不一樣地differfrom

bedifferentfrom

makedifferences82.disappointed失望的(disappointing讓人失望的)

83.disappointment失望84.discovery發(fā)現(xiàn)(復數(shù)discoveries，動詞discover，發(fā)現(xiàn)者discoverer)85.disturb打擾

86.dollar美元(其復數(shù)是dollars)87.downstairs樓下

upstairs樓上88.dream夢想(其過去式是dreamed或dreamt)89.electricity電(electrical電的，electric電的)90.employ雇用(employmentn.

employer雇主，employee雇員)91.empty倒空(可用動詞，其過去式是emptied)92.encourage鼓勵(encouraging,encouraged,encouragementn.)encouragesbtodosth鼓勵某人做某事93.energy能量

94.envelope信封

95.envyn.妒忌96.equal(平等的)

equality平等97.equipment設備

98.especially尤其是

99.essential(重要的)100.European歐洲人

101.event事件

107.expert專家102.excellent極好(excellencen.excellentlyadv.)

104.exhibition展覽

105.expense花費

expensive昂貴的106.experience經(jīng)驗/經(jīng)歷(experienced有經(jīng)驗的)

anunusualexperience一次不一樣尋常的經(jīng)歷

havemuchexperience經(jīng)驗豐富108.express(vt)體現(xiàn)expression

(n)

138.impress印象impression(n.)109.fail

v.失敗failure

n.失敗

failtodosth沒做成某事110.familiar(熟悉的)

befamiliarto/with

112.favorite最愛慕的

flexible靈活的113.figure人物/數(shù)字

114.finger手指

115.flight飛行116.forehead前額

117.foreign(外國的)118.fortunate幸運的

fortunately幸運地

unfortunately不幸運地119.forward向前

120.freezing極冷的(frozen冷凍的)121.frequently常常地

122.furniture家俱123.far遠的further深入的124.generally大概

generallyspeaking一般來說125.geography地理

126.Germany德國127.government政府

128.gradual逐漸的

gradually逐漸地129.graduation畢業(yè)(graduatefrom畢業(yè)于)

130.grammar語法131.habit習慣

formahabitof養(yǎng)成…習慣132.handkerchief手絹)

133.honest誠實的honesty誠實134.honor/honour榮譽

135.imagination想象力(imaginev.)136.immediate(立即的)

immediately立即(adv)139.incident小事件

140.including包括(includev.)141．independent獨立的

142.industry工業(yè)(industrialadj.工業(yè)的)143.information信息

144.instrument儀器

145.institute學院

146.inspire鼓勵(inspirationn.inspiring鼓舞人心的,inspired受鼓舞的)147.interest愛好

interesting有愛好的

beinterestedin對…感愛好148.interrupt打斷

150.introduce簡介(introductionn.)151.regular規(guī)則的

irregular不規(guī)則的

152.journey旅程

153.judge判斷(judgment)

judgingfrom根據(jù)…來判斷154.kindergarten幼稚園

155.knowledge知識

156.labor/labour勞動157.late遲的

late1y近來

158.laugh笑

laughter笑聲159.law法律

lawyer律師

legal合法的

illegal非法的160.library圖書館

librarian圖書館理員161.lose掉失,（lost，lost）

loss損失n.162.luck幸運lucky幸運的

luckily幸運地163.magazine雜志

164.majority(大多數(shù))166.manage設法(manager經(jīng)理,management管理)

managetodo設法做到..167.market(市場)

supermarket超市168.marriage結(jié)婚(marryv.結(jié)婚，married已婚的)

getmarriedto與某人結(jié)婚169.material(s)材料)

171.mayor市長172.mean(意味、打算)

meaning意義meaningful故意義的173.measure測量

takemeasures采用措施174.medal獎章(比較：model模型metal金屬)175.memory記憶力(memorizev.記住，remember記得)176.message口信

178.modern現(xiàn)代的179.modest謙虛的

180.monitor班長

181.moustache胡子182.murder謀殺(murderer兇手)

183.music音樂musical音樂的

musician音樂家184.mysterious神秘的(mystery神秘)185.nationality國籍

(nation國家，national國家的)186.nature自然

natural自然的)

187.naughty調(diào)皮的

188.)normal正常的

190.necessary必要

itisnecessaryforsbtodosth某人有必要做某事191.obey(遵守)

break違反

192.obvious明顯的

obviously明顯地193.offer積極提供)

offertodosth積極做某事194.operate動手術(shù)

operation手術(shù)

195.opportunity機會（=chance）196.ordinary一般的

197.organize/organise(組織)

organization組織198.particularly尤其是

199.passenger旅客

200.problem難題question問題201.patience耐心patient耐心的；病人

(patiently耐心地)203.perfect完美（的）(perfectly)

Practicemakesperfect.熟能生巧

204.perform(演出)

205.perhaps或許

206.period時期207.permit許可vt

permission許可n208.persuaded(說服)

209.phenomenon現(xiàn)象

phenomena現(xiàn)象（復數(shù)）210.physicist物理學家

211.pilot(飛行員)212.poisonous有毒的(poison)213.political政治的(politics)214.popular受歡迎的

215.population人口

216.position職位217.possibility(-ies)也許性(possible也許的)218.poverty貧窮n(poor貧窮的)220.practice實踐

practical(可實行的，實際的)221.prepare（準備)

preparation

222.press壓/按

pressure(壓力)223.pretend假裝

pretendtodosth假裝做某事224.professor專家

225.profit利潤

226.progress進步makegoodprogress進步很大227.pronounce發(fā)音

pronunciation(n.發(fā)音)228.provide提供(比較：supply/providesbwithsth

offersbsth提供某人某物,229.public公眾

230.purpose目的

onpurpose故意地231.quality質(zhì)量/素質(zhì)

232.quantity（數(shù)量233.realize(實現(xiàn)vt)

reality

n.現(xiàn)實

234.receive收到235.recently(近來=lately)236.recycle(循環(huán)再用)

237.recognize認出238.regards問候

givemyregardstosb請帶我向某人問候239.remind提醒remindsbofsth提醒某人某物240.repeat

vt.反復(repetition

n.反復)

241.respect尊敬242.restaurant餐館244.satisfaction滿意(satisfy,satisfied,satisfying)246.Saturday(星期六)

247.scientific科學的248.scientific科學的

249.secretary秘書250.secretly(秘密地)

251.separately單獨地

252.separate(單獨的adj、分開vt)253.serious嚴重的(seriously)

254.serve(v)–service(n)服務255.shortcoming缺陷

256.silence安靜(silent安靜的-silently安靜地)257.succeed(vi)成功success(n)成功successful(adj)成功的successfully(adv)Succeedindoingsth成功做某事（=besuccessfultodosth）258.similar類似的(similarity–ies相似之處)

259.situati