英漢翻譯常用的方法和技巧練習(xí)

英漢翻譯常用的方法和技巧練習(xí)（一）一，對(duì)斜體部分，根據(jù)漢語(yǔ)表達(dá)習(xí)慣作些增添unemployementiswidespreadinsomecountries有些國(guó)家失業(yè)現(xiàn)象普遍2。theemployersthereusedviolence.那里的雇主使用了暴力手段maryspokewithrestraintinherface.瑪麗說(shuō)話時(shí)臉上露出了拘謹(jǐn)?shù)纳裆玜fterauntlenahadheardaboutthefamilytrouble,sheagreedtolookforajob.麗娜阿姨聽(tīng)到了家庭的困難情況后，同意去找工作。二、對(duì)斜體部分，根據(jù)漢語(yǔ)表達(dá)習(xí)慣作些省略thereissomethruthinwhathesays.他的話有些道理2.don'tletyourimaginationrunawaywithyou不要亂想3.ican'tevenrememberclearlywhathelookedlike.我連他的模樣也記不清楚了4.healsoaskedwhathadhappenedtomesinceweseparated.他還問(wèn)我別后的情況。三、對(duì)斜體部分，根據(jù)漢語(yǔ)表達(dá)習(xí)慣改變?cè)~類ourheartydesireistheestablishmentofalastingpeaceintheworld我們的衷心愿望時(shí)建立世界持久和平thesentrystoodguardwithasubmachineguninhishand.哨兵持沖鋒槍站崗theworkersturnedhopefullytothatorganization工人對(duì)那個(gè)信組織抱著很大希望thewarwasimmediatelycausedbyincursionsacrosstheborders那次戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)的直接原因時(shí)侵入國(guó)境四、對(duì)斜體部分，要求從反面表達(dá)，但不改變?cè)xhetriedtocatchoneoftheraftswithaboat-hook,butmissed.他想用一根船鉤去鉤一個(gè)木筏，但沒(méi)有鉤著theyhadbetterkeeptheirpromisebecauseeverythinghingesonthatrightnow.他們最好不要失信，因?yàn)槟壳耙磺卸家源藶檗D(zhuǎn)移thesearedayswhennervesarewornthin.這些日子精神上有些受不了allnightlongthebeatingandquestioninggoeson,thesearchgoeson.拷打、審訊徹夜不停，搜捕徹夜不停五、對(duì)斜體部分，根據(jù)漢語(yǔ)表達(dá)習(xí)慣改變語(yǔ)態(tài)ihavebeensentherebythenorwegianshippingcompanytotalkwithyouabouttransportation.我是挪威輪船公司派來(lái)和貴方商談運(yùn)輸問(wèn)題的2.everythingheadvertisedwasguaranteedtolast"forever"他保證他廣告中所登的東西都能“永久”使用3.myfistthirtyyearswerespentinwesternamerica.我的前三十年時(shí)在美國(guó)西部度過(guò)的4.anindividualisjudgedbyhowheservesthecollective,butthecollectiveisexpectedtocherishthelivesandtalentsofitsindividuals.判斷一個(gè)人要看他對(duì)集體服務(wù)得怎樣，但是集體也要忠實(shí)個(gè)人得生活和才能一、翻譯句子，注意right在句中的詞類來(lái)確定它的詞義itisnotrightforchildrentosituplate孩子們睡得晚不好adjtheplanewasrightaboveoutheads飛機(jī)正好在我們頭上面advinthenegative,rightandleft,andblackandwhitearereversed照片底片上，左右黑白與正片恰好相反nshetriedherbesttorightherhusbandfromthechargeofrobbery她盡力為她丈夫被控?fù)尳偕煸﹙二、翻譯句子，注意根據(jù)上下文及搭配關(guān)系來(lái)確定斜體詞的詞義accountforheisill;thataccountsforhisabsence.他病了，這就是他缺席的原因Inthisbattleheaccountedforfiveoftheenemy他在這場(chǎng)戰(zhàn)斗中消滅了五個(gè)敵人iwantyoutoaccountforeverycentyouspent我要你把花費(fèi)的每分錢都交代清楚makeupifthestoveisnt'tmadeup,itwillgoout如不添煤，爐子就會(huì)熄滅thereisn'tanygirlcalledClementine.he'sjustmadeherup根本沒(méi)有個(gè)叫。。。的姑娘，全是他捏造出來(lái)的halftheroadsintherigionarestilltobemadeup這地區(qū)的路面有一半還沒(méi)有修好societyismadeupofpeoplewithwidelydifferingabilities.社會(huì)是由具有迥然不同的能力的人組成的figuretheforeigntradehasrisentounprecedentedfigures對(duì)外貿(mào)易的數(shù)字由了空前的增長(zhǎng)dr.elionwasoneofthemostreveredfiguresintheworldoflearning。。。博士是學(xué)術(shù)界最受尊敬的人物之一onthedesktherewasabronzefigureofplato書(shū)桌上有一尊柏拉圖的銅像hesawdimfiguresmovingtowardshiim他隱隱約約看見(jiàn)一些人影在向他跟前移動(dòng)junewasgoodatfigureskating瓊善于花式滑冰三、翻譯句子，注意根據(jù)上下文及邏輯關(guān)系對(duì)斜體詞作進(jìn)一步引申therewasnoprovocationforsuchanangryleter寫這樣一封生氣的信簡(jiǎn)直是毫無(wú)道理.fatty'srestauranthadbecomeaninstitutioninhislifeinthelastsevenyears去“發(fā)體餐廳”就餐，7年來(lái)已成為他生活中慣常的事情thetrunkwasbigandawkwardandloadedwithbooks.buthiscasewasadifferentproposition.那個(gè)箱子又大又笨重，裝的都是書(shū)，不過(guò)他隨身帶的箱子卻是另一回事thewedding,whichheywardstillrememberedwithpride,wasattendebyawho'swhoofbostonsociety參加婚禮的有波士頓社會(huì)名流，赫華德想到這次婚禮時(shí)，仍然感到非常得意theinventionofmachineryhadbroughtintotheworldanewera--theindustrialage.moneyhadbecomeking機(jī)器德發(fā)明使世界進(jìn)入了一個(gè)新紀(jì)元即工業(yè)時(shí)代，金錢成了主宰一切的權(quán)威四、翻譯句子，注意根據(jù)上下文來(lái)去頂斜體詞的褒貶itwasmid-augustandthesubjectfordiscussionwasthefutureofrommelandhsiafricacorps.當(dāng)時(shí)是八月中旬，他們討論德題目是隆美爾及其非洲軍團(tuán)德下場(chǎng)theypridictedtheyouthwouldhaveabrightfuture他們預(yù)言，這個(gè)年輕人會(huì)有一個(gè)錦繡前程johnwasanaggressivesalesmanwhodidhisjobquitewell.約翰是個(gè)積極肯干德推銷員，他工作得很出色hetlerprusuedanaggressivepolicyafterheseizedpower希特勒奪取了政權(quán)后就推行侵略政策h(yuǎn)answastooobviouslyflatteringthegentlemanbysayinghewasthemostcourageousmanhehadeverseen漢斯說(shuō)，這位先生是他所見(jiàn)過(guò)的最有膽識(shí)的人。這種阿諛?lè)畛形疵膺^(guò)于露骨mr.brownfeltgreatlyflatteredwhenhereceivedtheinvitationtodeliveralecture.布朗先生接到作演講的邀請(qǐng)時(shí)感到非常榮幸將斜體的派生名詞譯成動(dòng)詞anacquaintanceofworldhistoryjishelpfultothestudyofcurrentaffairs.讀一點(diǎn)世界史，對(duì)學(xué)習(xí)時(shí)事是有幫助的hisveryappearanceatanyaffairproclaims（聲明）itatriumph無(wú)論什么事情，只要他一露面，就算是成功了alloy（合金）steelsareformedbytheadditionofoneormoreofthefolllowingelements:nickel,tungsten,siliconandsmallamountsofotheralloyingelements加進(jìn)一些一種或幾種元素可制成各種合金鋼：鎳、鎢、硅和少量別的合金元素heurgeduponcitizensofthecountrythenecessityofpersistinginparticipationinpoliticalcontroversies.他告誡全國(guó)公民，必須堅(jiān)持參加政治論戰(zhàn)將斜體的動(dòng)作名詞譯成動(dòng)詞onthewalkthroughthecitytheysawbreadlines在走過(guò)市區(qū)的時(shí)候，她們看見(jiàn)領(lǐng)救濟(jì)食物的人排著長(zhǎng)隊(duì)aviewofMt.Fujicanbeobtainedfromhere從這里可以看到富士山atthethoughtofthemishap（災(zāi)禍）hislegsstiffenedunderhimandcouldn'tmoveastepfurther他一想到這場(chǎng)災(zāi)難，兩腿就像有千斤重，再也挪不動(dòng)一步了afteraniimpatientoathortwo,shegotherhairawayfromhereyes,sufficientlytoobtainasightofhim她不耐煩地咒罵了一兩聲，把頭發(fā)從眼睛上撥開(kāi)，才看到了他將斜體的由動(dòng)詞加后綴er（or）構(gòu)成的名詞譯成動(dòng)詞1.hiisnosmoker,buthisfatherisachain-smoker他倒是不抽煙，但他爸爸卻一支又一支不停地抽hewasaregularvistor他經(jīng)常來(lái)sheisaloverofchinesepainting她熱愛(ài)中國(guó)畫將斜體的名詞（前面由一個(gè)較固定的動(dòng)詞，兩者合成一個(gè)短語(yǔ)）譯成動(dòng)詞hehasalreadymadementionofthematterinhisspeech他在講演中曾提到過(guò)這件事heshowedwithhiseyesthatheheard,butmadenosignofassentordissent.他瞧了他一下，表示他聽(tīng)見(jiàn)了，但沒(méi)有表示同意或不同意thepartybranchsecretaryshowedgreatconcernforthestudents'health黨支書(shū)很關(guān)心學(xué)生的健康shehadhighpraiseforDr.Higpan,althoughshecomplainedabouthisstrictness她高度贊揚(yáng)了西格潘一聲，但抱怨他過(guò)于嚴(yán)格將斜體的前置詞譯成動(dòng)詞upthestreettheywent,paststores,acrossabroadssquare,andthenenteredahugebuilding.他們沿著大街去，經(jīng)過(guò)許多商店，穿過(guò)一個(gè)大廣場(chǎng)，然后進(jìn)入了一座大廈wedrovehomeabitaftermidnight,overtheriverandthroughthelovelyoldsleepingtown時(shí)過(guò)午夜，我們驅(qū)車回家。先過(guò)了河，又穿過(guò)了這個(gè)在酣睡中的古老而可愛(ài)的城市thejudgesatinthedining-roomamidhismorningmail法官坐在餐廳里處理早上到的郵件將斜體的形容詞譯成動(dòng)詞wearequitesurethatthesocialistsystemwillreplacethecapitalistsystemiintheend我們深信，社會(huì)主義制度終究會(huì)代替資本主義制度theywerenotcontentwiththeirpresentachievenments他們不滿足于他們現(xiàn)有的成就3.theyweresuspiciousandresentfulofhim他們不信任他，討厭他ifwewereignorantofthestructureoftheatom,itwouldbeimpossibleforustostudynuclearphysics.如果我們不知道原子的結(jié)構(gòu)，我們就不能研究核子物理學(xué)將斜體的副詞譯成動(dòng)詞thesuccessfulfishermenofthatdaywerealreadyin那天交好運(yùn)的漁人們都已回來(lái)whenhewentback,theradiowasstillon,forhehadforgottentoturnitoffwehnheleft他回來(lái)時(shí)，收音機(jī)仍然開(kāi)著，因?yàn)樗x開(kāi)時(shí)忘記關(guān)了"Pleasedoletmein!,theyaresearchingforme",hebegged“請(qǐng)讓我進(jìn)來(lái)吧，他們正在搜索我”他懇求道iwouldusuallyfirstoverflyCyprus,withcamerasontoseeifafleetwasbeingassembledthere我總是首先飛臨塞浦路斯上空，打開(kāi)攝影機(jī)，偵查在那兒是否有艦隊(duì)集結(jié)將斜體的動(dòng)詞譯成名詞thelandingwasdesignedtocutthepeninsulaintwo登錄的目的是要把該半島一切兩半thenavyisnowpositionedtosafeguardboththePacificandAtlanticCceans.海軍現(xiàn)在擺下了陣勢(shì)，防衛(wèi)太平洋和大西洋onthatdaytheywereescortedtothegreatwallofchna他們那天和陪同人員去參觀中國(guó)的長(zhǎng)城becausehehadstruckaboss,hewasblacklistedandlosthisjobatthefertilizerworks.由于打了一個(gè)工頭，他被列入黑名單，不能在肥料廠工作了awell-dressedman,wholookedandtalkedlikeanamerican,gotintothecar一個(gè)穿著講究的人上了車，他的外表和談吐都像個(gè)美國(guó)人theysignedtwoagreementsthatservedtowarmuptheatmosphereoftheirrelations他們簽署了兩個(gè)協(xié)定，目的是使他們的關(guān)系熱呼起來(lái)將斜體的動(dòng)詞譯成帶“遭”“受”“得”等得名詞andhewarnedthattheimprovementiinbilateralrelationsmightbe"jepardized"byacontinuationofthewar他還警告說(shuō)，如果戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)繼續(xù)下去，雙邊關(guān)系的改善有可能受到危害hisimageasagoodstudentwasbadlytarnished他作為一個(gè)好學(xué)生的形象，已遭受到很大的玷污hewassnuffedbythetop-rankingofficialsthere他受到那邊高級(jí)官員們的冷遇十將斜體的形容詞譯成名詞theyaregoingtobuildaschoolfortheblindandthedeaf他們將為盲人和聾人修建一所學(xué)校2.M.Gorkyhaddeepsympathyfortheinsultedandtheinjured高爾基對(duì)于受侮辱的和受損害的人有深厚的同情心allthewoundedweresenttothehospitalrightaway全體傷員立即送進(jìn)醫(yī)院去了一、翻譯下列句子，注意增加適當(dāng)?shù)脑~"howshallidoit?"---"Justasyouwish."這事我怎么辦好？－－你想怎么辦，就怎么辦sometimestheirfacesfroze,sometimestheirfeetandtheirhands.有時(shí)他們的臉凍了，有時(shí)腳凍了，手凍了eitheryoudoit,orwewillgetsomebodywhowill要么你去辦，要們我們就派愿意辦的人去辦Mr.MorrisontookoverasDirector,Mr.WhiteasViceDirector...先生當(dāng)上了（接任）局長(zhǎng)，...當(dāng)上了副局長(zhǎng)二、通過(guò)增詞來(lái)表示原文中的含蓄條件句Anyleak,evenatthislatedate,couldhavetremendousinternationalrepercussions只要稍有泄露，即使時(shí)至今日，也會(huì)在國(guó)際上引起巨大反響2.Theywouldnothavedonesuchathingwithoutgovernmentapproval如果沒(méi)有得到政府的同意，他們是不會(huì)做這種事的3.Thebridgewaspaintedadullgreencolor.Underanyothercircumstancesiprobablywouldhavefounditugly橋漆成了暗綠色，要是在別的情況下，很可能我會(huì)覺(jué)得它難看三、 通過(guò)增詞來(lái)表達(dá)斜體的do(does,did)所代替的意義1.Hedidnotreallyrepresenttheiropinionstothehigher-ups,althoughheclaimedhedid他沒(méi)有真正把他們的意見(jiàn)反映給上級(jí)，盡管他說(shuō)已經(jīng)反映過(guò)了Theguardinsidetheprisonhadnoguns.Butthoseinthetowersdid牢房里的獄警不帶槍，但嘹望塔內(nèi)的獄警是帶槍的Itriednottodrawtoomuchhopefromtheincident,butdespitemyresolve,idid我力圖不要對(duì)這件小事寄予希望，但是盡管有這樣的決心，我還是對(duì)此存有奢望四、 通過(guò)增詞使斜體的抽象名詞具體化Hisarrogancemadeeveryonedislikehim他的傲慢態(tài)度使誰(shuí)也不喜歡他Nowbirthcontrolbecameapossibillity.現(xiàn)在節(jié)制生育已成為一種可行的辦法了thevaguerestlessnesssinceboyhoodremained從小就有的那種模糊的不安定的狀態(tài)依然還存在Therehadbeenaneaseofinternationaltension國(guó)際緊張局勢(shì)過(guò)去曾有所緩和Preparationsfortheconferencehadbeenpaluredbymanyproblems會(huì)議的籌備工作已為許多問(wèn)題干擾五、 注意在必要處增加概括詞1.Theytalkedaboutinflation,unemploymentandenviromentalpollution他們談到通貨膨脹、失業(yè)、環(huán)境污染等問(wèn)題Thushegrewinb