山東省“學(xué)情空間”區(qū)域教研共同體2022-2023學(xué)年高三上學(xué)期入學(xué)考試英語(yǔ)試題（剖析版）

第1頁(yè)/共1頁(yè)“學(xué)情空間”區(qū)域教研共同體高三入學(xué)檢測(cè)英語(yǔ)試題考試時(shí)間：120分鐘第一部分聽(tīng)力（共兩節(jié)，滿(mǎn)分30分）第一節(jié)（共5小題；每小題1.5分，滿(mǎn)分7.5分）聽(tīng)下面5段對(duì)話(huà)。每段對(duì)話(huà)后有一個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并標(biāo)在試卷的相應(yīng)位置。聽(tīng)完每段對(duì)話(huà)后，你都有10秒鐘的時(shí)間來(lái)回答有關(guān)小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對(duì)話(huà)僅讀一遍。1.Whenwillthemanpickupthewoman?A.Around1:30p.m.B.Around2:00p.m.C.Around2:30p.m.2.Howwillthemanhelpthewomangethome?A.Bycarryingheronhisback.B.Bycallingataxiforher.C.Bylendinghisbiketoher.3.Whatwillthewomandothisafternoon?A.Gohikingwiththeman.B.Offerhersonsomehelp.C.Takepartinacompetition.4.What’stherelationshipbetweenthespeakers?A.Teacherandstudent.B.Bossandemployee.C.Doctorandpatient.5.Whatarethespeakersmainlytalkingabout?A.Acartoon.B.Asportsstar.C.Amusical.第二節(jié)（共15小題；每小題1.5分，滿(mǎn)分22.5分）聽(tīng)下面5段對(duì)話(huà)或獨(dú)白。每段對(duì)話(huà)或獨(dú)白后有幾個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并標(biāo)在試卷的相應(yīng)位置。聽(tīng)每段對(duì)話(huà)或獨(dú)白前，你將有時(shí)間閱讀各個(gè)小題，每小題5秒鐘；聽(tīng)完后，各小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時(shí)間。每段對(duì)話(huà)或獨(dú)白讀兩遍。聽(tīng)第6段材料，回答第6、7題。6.Whatdrinkwillthewomanhave?A.Icedcoffee.B.Cola.C.Orangejuice.7.Howmuchwillthewomanpay?A.$7.B.$9.C.$11.聽(tīng)第7段材料，回答第8、9題。8.WhatdoesWilliamwanttogetoutofhispocket?A.Hiscellphone.B.Abook.C.Thecarkeys.9.Wheredoestheconversationprobablytakeplace?A.Inaclassroom.B.Inabookstore.C.Inalibrary.聽(tīng)第8段材料，回答第10至12題。10.WhatdoesSteveusuallydoonweekends?A.Doapart-timejob.B.Dohomework.C.Takephotos.11.WhatisSteve’smajor?A.Accounting.B.Internationaltrade.C.Finance.12.WhatdoesSteveprobablydecidetodo?A.Askhisuncle’sopinion.B.Accepttheoffer.C.Puthishobbyfirst.聽(tīng)第9段材料，回答第13至16題。13.Wherewastheleadingactressborn?A.InAmerica.B.InMexico.C.InCuba.14.Whatis“Senorita"?A.Asong.B.Amovie.C.Anovel.15.Whatdoesthemanthinkthenewmovieisprobablylike?A.Interesting.B.Boring.C.Unexpected.16.WhatdoesCinderelladesiremostinthenewmovie?A.Agoodmarriage.B.Asuccessfulcareer.C.Abeautifuldress.聽(tīng)第10段材料，回答第17至20題。17.Whatdoweknowaboutthelaunch?A.Ithappenedinmid-September.B.Itwasdoneinthedaytime.C.Itinvolveda90-meter-tallrocket.18.HowmanydaysdidthecivilianstravelaroundtheEarth’sorbit(軌道)?A.2.B.3.C.4.19WhydidJaredorganizethespaceflight?A.Toraisemoney.B.Todoresearch.C.Toimpressothers.20.Whodefeatedaseriousdiseaseonceasakid?A.Chris.B.Sian.C.Hayley.第二部分閱讀（共兩節(jié)，滿(mǎn)分50分）第一節(jié)（共15小題；每小題2.5分，滿(mǎn)分37.5分）閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。AGettinglostinvaststretchesofnatureisthemostappealingfeatureoftheworld’ssecond-largestnation—Canada.Thesearethetopfivemust-seedestinationstovisitinCanada.VancouverPlanningatriptoVancouverwon’tletyoudownifyourelookingforscenicbeauty,awarmclimate,alivelyatmosphere,andplentyoffunthingstodo.SituatedonthePacificOcean’sshores,thecityisayear-rounddestinationforoutdoorenthusiasts.Therearemountainstoskijustoutsidethecity,beachesallaround,andStanleyPark’sdenserainforestjustafewblocksfromdowntown’sglassskyscrapers.NiagaraFallsOntheborderofCanadaandtheUnitedStates,NiagaraFallsisaseriesofthreeawe-inspiringfalls.HorseshoeFalls,locatedontheOntariosideofthefalls,providesthebestviewsandmostactivities.Atnight,fireworkslightupNiagaraFallsinOntario’sQueenVictoriaPark,oneofthebestspotstoseethefallsfromthecity.MontrealMontrealisauniquedestinationwithamagnificenthistoricdistrictdatingbacktothe1600sandamoderncitycentrewithvastundergroundshopping.YoucanloseyourselfintheancientstreetslinedwithcobblestonesandbeautifuloldbuildingsinOldMontreal.ThehistoricstreetsofMontrealarealsolinedwithshops,hotelsandrestaurants,makingitapopulardestinationforfashionists.WhistlerTheWhistlerresortisthelargestandmostfamousalpineskidestinationinNorthAmericabecauseoftwospectacularmountains,WhistlerandBlackcomb.Manyworld-classskiresortsarelocatedhere.Inaddition,themountainsoffernumeroushikingandclimbingoptions.TorontoNearlyahundreddifferentethnicgroupscallTorontohome,makingitoneoftheworld’smostethnicallydiversemetropolises.It’snotuncommontoseestreetsignswritteninvariouslanguages,andeachneighbourhoodhasitsownuniquecuisine.1.WhatisspecialaboutVancouver?A.Peoplecanskidownthemountains.B.Peoplecantakeasunbathonthebeach.C.Peoplecanenjoyoutdooractivitiesallyearround.DPeoplecanexplorerainforestfarawayfromdowntown.2.WhatisMontreallike?A.Ancientandfashionable. B.Modernandprosperous.C.Ancientandcreative. D.Modernandpeaceful.3.Wherecanyouhaveamulticulturalexperience?A.Vancouver. B.Whistler. C.NiagaraFalls. D.Toronto.【答案】1.C2.A3.D【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章介紹了位居前五的加拿大必游景點(diǎn)?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中“SituatedonthePacificOcean’sshores,thecityisayear-rounddestinationforoutdoorenthusiasts.(位于太平洋海岸，這座城市全年都是戶(hù)外運(yùn)動(dòng)愛(ài)好者的目的地)”可知，Vancouver的特別之處在于全年都有戶(hù)外活動(dòng)。故選C。【2題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段“Montrealisauniquedestinationwithamagnificenthistoricdistrictdatingbacktothe1600sandamoderncitycentrewithvastundergroundshopping.YoucanloseyourselfintheancientstreetslinedwithcobblestonesandbeautifuloldbuildingsinOldMontreal.ThehistoricstreetsofMontrealarealsolinedwithshops,hotelsandrestaurants,makingitapopulardestinationforfashionists.(蒙特利爾是一個(gè)獨(dú)特的目的地，有一個(gè)可以追溯到17世紀(jì)的宏偉歷史街區(qū)，以及一個(gè)擁有巨大地下購(gòu)物中心的現(xiàn)代城市中心。在古老的蒙特利爾，你可以迷失在鵝卵石鋪成的古老街道和美麗的老建筑中。蒙特利爾歷史悠久的街道上也遍布著商店、酒店和餐館，成為時(shí)尚人士的熱門(mén)目的地)”可知，蒙特利爾既有古老的一面，也有時(shí)尚的一面。故選A?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段“NearlyahundreddifferentethnicgroupscallTorontohome,makingitoneoftheworld’smostethnicallydiversemetropolises.It’snotuncommontoseestreetsignswritteninvariouslanguages,andeachneighbourhoodhasitsownuniquecuisine.(近100個(gè)不同的民族把多倫多稱(chēng)為家，使它成為世界上種族最多樣化的大都市之一。用各種語(yǔ)言書(shū)寫(xiě)的街道標(biāo)志并不少見(jiàn)，每個(gè)街區(qū)都有自己獨(dú)特的美食)”可知，多倫多是擁有多元文化的都市。故選D。BMydadhaswatermelon-sizemusclesandenormoushandsasifhe’salwayswearingbaseballgloves.Hedoesn’tseemlikethekindofpersonwhobakesgreatbread,buthedoes.EverySaturdayhebakessilentlybyhimself.Whenhe’sdone,thewholehousesmellsdelicious.Therestoftheweek,he’sacarmechanicwhosejobinvolvescomplexlifting,tightening,shakingandhitting.Peopletendtothinkofcarsasmetallicmembersofthefamily,andDadseldomletsthemdown.IkindofunderstandDad’sbakingroutine.Thoughhe’sintothework,customers’expectationandunderstaffingweighhimdown.Whenworkingonthedough(生面團(tuán))hereturnstoalifeofease.IhadbeenfeelingstressedoutmyselfsinceIdidn’tqualifyfortheswimteam.Iwouldhavetowaitawholeyear,whichwaslikeamillionyears.IthoughtDadhadfoundthat.HeaskedmehowthingsweregoinglastSaturday.IsaidOK.Helookedatmeforamoment,saiditwastimeformetohelpandheadedtothekitchen.Surprisedthough,Ifollowedhim.Dadtookouthismixingbowl,tellingmetomixmaterialswhileheaddedthem.Heisn’tbigonmeasuring,knowinginstinctively(憑直覺(jué))howmuchtouse.Thebreadisalwaysgreat.Thenheshowedmehowtoprocessthedough—repeatedlystretching,poundingandfoldingit.Ittooktenminutesandasurprisingamountofenergytofinish.Butwhatcamenextwasharderandmoresurprising—doingnothing.Weputthedoughbackintothebowl.Ittookanhourtorise.Thenwepressedandstretchedit,putitintopansandwaitedanotherhourforittodouble.“It’shardtoresistputtingthedoughdirectlyintotheoven,butifyoudo,thebreadwillbetough,”Dadexplained.Whenthedoughroseatitsownpace,timeseemedtoslowdown.Wecoulddonothingtospeedthat.AsIacceptedthat,Istoppedwatchingtheclockandstartedenjoyingthetime.Myfathertaughtmehowtobake,butIlearnedsomethingmore—appreciatetheslowpaceoftimeandletthebreadrise.4.Whatcanwelearnabouttheauthor’sfather?A.Heisnottalkative. B.Heenjoysplayingbaseball.C.Heisexpertathiswork. D.Hedoesn’tlikefixingcars.5.Whydoestheauthor’sfathermakebreadeverySaturday?A.Togetrelaxed. B.Tokillthetime.C.Topursuehishobby. D.Tolearnanewskill.6.Whatisthemostdifficultpartduringbakingbreadaccordingtotheauthor?A.Measuringmaterials. B.Waitingforthedoughtorise.C.Processingthedough. D.Controllingthetemperatureoftheoven.7.Whatisasuitabletitleforthetext?A.SecretsofBaking B.InfluenceofMyFatherC.ABreadLesson D.ASurprisingLeisureTime【答案】4.C5.A6.B7.C【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇記敘文。作者通過(guò)跟父親學(xué)做面包，學(xué)會(huì)了耐心等待，享受慢時(shí)光。【4題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中“Therestoftheweek,he’sacarmechanicwhosejobinvolvescomplexlifting,tightening,shakingandhitting.Peopletendtothinkofcarsasmetallicmembersofthefamily,andDadseldomletsthemdown.(這周剩下的時(shí)間，他是一名汽車(chē)修理工，他的工作涉及復(fù)雜的起重、收緊、搖晃和撞擊。人們往往認(rèn)為汽車(chē)是家庭中的金屬成員，而爸爸很少讓他們失望)”可知，作者的父親的技術(shù)高超，在修車(chē)方面很專(zhuān)業(yè)。故選C?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中“Whenworkingonthedough(生面團(tuán))hereturnstoalifeofease.(當(dāng)他在面團(tuán)上工作時(shí)，他又回到了放松的生活)”可知，作者的父親做面包是為了放松。故選A?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段中“Butwhatcamenextwasharderandmoresurprising—doingnothing.Weputthedoughbackintothebowl.Ittookanhourtorise.Thenwepressedandstretchedit,putitintopansandwaitedanotherhourforittodouble.(但接下來(lái)發(fā)生的事情更困難，也更令人驚訝——什么都不做。我們把面團(tuán)放回碗里。發(fā)面花了一個(gè)小時(shí)。然后我們把它壓扁、拉伸，放進(jìn)平底鍋里，再等一個(gè)小時(shí)，讓它翻倍)”可知，對(duì)于作者來(lái)說(shuō)，在做面包的過(guò)程中，最難的是什么也不做，等待著面團(tuán)發(fā)酵。故選B?！?題詳解】主旨大意題。全文講述了作者通過(guò)跟父親學(xué)做面包，學(xué)會(huì)了耐心等待，享受慢時(shí)光。文章最后一句“Myfathertaughtmehowtobake,butIlearnedsomethingmore—appreciatetheslowpaceoftimeandletthebreadrise.(父親教會(huì)了我烘焙，但我學(xué)會(huì)了更多——珍惜時(shí)間的慢節(jié)奏，讓面包發(fā)酵)”點(diǎn)明文章主旨。C項(xiàng)“ABreadLesson”一語(yǔ)雙關(guān)，既表明作者學(xué)做面包的經(jīng)歷，也暗示作者從中所獲得的啟示。故選C。CLeafpeepingthepracticeoftravelingtowatchnaturedisplaythefallcolors,isabelovedannualactivity,especiallyinNewEngland.Typically,bytheendofSeptember,leavestakeonwarmercolorsthroughouttheU.S.Butthisyear,manyareashaven’tevenshakenoffthegreenshadesofsummer.InMaine,forestrangersreportedlessthan70%colorchangeandmodestleafdrop.It’scommonlybelievedthattrees,likepeople,mustprepareforwinter.Whenfallarrives,anddaylengthandtemperaturedrop,treesrespondbyendinggreensubstanceproductionandabsorbingremainingnutrients,causingleavestolosetheoriginalcolor.Greensgivewaytoyellows,redsandorangesthatmakefordramaticautumndisplays.Warmfalltemperaturescanmakethefallcolorsappearlater.Worse,drysummerscancauseleavestomissthefallcolorturnaltogether.Delayofthestartofthefallcolors,whichhasbeenmovinglaterintothefall,couldcontinue.“Myobservationsinthelastdecadehavehadmoreyearsthatwerelaterthanwhatweconsiderhistoricalaverages.Itcanbeatrendastheplanetwarms,”saidtheexpertJimSalge.It’snotjusttheplantsthatsuffer.“Turningleavesofferanirresistiblemassofcolor—which,byestimate,bringsinasmuchasbillionsofdollarsayearintourisminNewEngland,”saidAndyFinton,aforestecologist.That’sanothergoodreasontofocusonpreservingforests.Leafpeepingcanstaypartofthearea’sfeatureifforestsaregivenenoughprotection.“Ifwecankeepthemunharmed,they’llprovidethingswe’vedependedon,aswellasfallinspiration,”saidFinton.8.WhatisspecialabouttheleavesinMainethisyear?A.Theytakeonwarmcolors. B.Theydropearlierthannormal.C.Theystaygreenlonger. D.Theytotallymissthefallcolorturn.9.Whatisparagraph2mainlyabout?A.Waysoftreessurvivingwinter. B.Explanationofleaveschangingcolor.C.Functionsofthegreensubstance. D.Effectofclimatechangeonfallleaves.10.Whatisthe“trend”accordingtoJimSalgeinparagraph3?A.Theearthgetsdrier. B.Thetemperaturegetshigher.C.Theearthgetswarmer. D.Theleavesdelaycolorchange.11.What’sthepurposeofthistext?A.Tointroduceleafpeeping. B.Toreporttherighttimeforleafpeeping.C.Tocallonpeopletoadmirefallleaves. D.Towarnpeopletotakecareofforests.【答案】8.C9.B10.D11.D【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。秋日賞葉是一項(xiàng)備受人們喜愛(ài)的活動(dòng)，但是由于氣候變化的影響，美國(guó)很多地區(qū)的樹(shù)葉在秋季依然保持著綠色，這給樹(shù)木本身和經(jīng)濟(jì)帶來(lái)了不利的影響。【8題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“Typically,bytheendofSeptember,leavestakeonwarmercolorsthroughouttheU.S.Butthisyear,manyareashaven’tevenshakenoffthegreenshadesofsummer.InMaine,forestrangersreportedlessthan70%colorchangeandmodestleafdrop.(通常，到9月底，美國(guó)各地的樹(shù)葉都會(huì)呈現(xiàn)出暖色調(diào)。但今年，許多地區(qū)甚至還沒(méi)有擺脫夏天的綠色陰影。在緬因州，護(hù)林員報(bào)告說(shuō)只有不到70%的顏色變化和少量的落葉)”可知，今年緬因州的樹(shù)葉保持綠色的時(shí)間較長(zhǎng)。故選C?！?題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)第二段“It’scommonlybelievedthattrees,likepeople,mustprepareforwinter.Whenfallarrives,anddaylengthandtemperaturedrop,treesrespondbyendinggreensubstanceproductionandabsorbingremainingnutrients,causingleavestolosetheoriginalcolor.Greensgivewaytoyellows,redsandorangesthatmakefordramaticautumndisplays.(人們普遍認(rèn)為樹(shù)和人一樣，必須為冬天做準(zhǔn)備。當(dāng)秋天到來(lái)，白天長(zhǎng)度和溫度下降時(shí)，樹(shù)木的反應(yīng)是停止產(chǎn)生綠色物質(zhì)，吸收剩余的營(yíng)養(yǎng)物質(zhì)，導(dǎo)致樹(shù)葉失去原來(lái)的顏色。綠色讓位于黃色、紅色和橙色，它們構(gòu)成了引人注目的秋季展示)”可知，第二段主要講樹(shù)葉顏色變化的原因。故選B?！?0題詳解】詞句猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)第三段中“Delayofthestartofthefallcolors,whichhasbeenmovinglaterintothefall,couldcontinue.“Myobservationsinthelastdecadehavehadmoreyearsthatwerelaterthanwhatweconsiderhistoricalaverages.Itcanbeatrendastheplanetwarms,”saidtheexpertJimSalge.(秋色開(kāi)始推遲的時(shí)間可能會(huì)繼續(xù)。秋色開(kāi)始的時(shí)間一直推遲到秋天?！拔以谶^(guò)去十年的觀察中發(fā)現(xiàn)，比我們認(rèn)為的歷史平均水平晚的年份更多。隨著地球變暖，這可能成為一種趨勢(shì)，”專(zhuān)家JimSalge說(shuō))”可知，秋天樹(shù)葉開(kāi)始變色的時(shí)間延遲了，要進(jìn)入秋天一段時(shí)間才變色，這一趨勢(shì)將延續(xù)。在過(guò)去的十年中，有超過(guò)一半的年份樹(shù)葉變色的時(shí)間晚于歷史平均時(shí)間。這是受全球變暖影響而出現(xiàn)的一種趨勢(shì)。故“trend”意指“樹(shù)葉變色延遲”。故選D?！?1題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中“Leafpeepingcanstaypartofthearea’sfeatureifforestsaregivenenoughprotection.“Ifwecankeepthemunharmed,they’llprovidethingswe’vedependedon,aswellasfallinspiration,”saidFinton.(如果森林得到足夠的保護(hù)，賞楓葉可以成為該地區(qū)的特色之一。Finton說(shuō)：“如果我們能讓它們毫發(fā)無(wú)損，它們將提供我們賴(lài)以生存的東西，以及秋天的靈感?！?”結(jié)合本文講述的是，美國(guó)很多地區(qū)的樹(shù)葉在秋季依然保持著綠色，給樹(shù)木本身和經(jīng)濟(jì)帶來(lái)了不利的影響。文章探討了這一現(xiàn)象的原因，即氣候變化導(dǎo)致樹(shù)葉變色延遲。由此可知，作者的寫(xiě)作目的在于引發(fā)讀者對(duì)這一問(wèn)題的關(guān)注，呼吁人們應(yīng)對(duì)氣候變化，保護(hù)森林。故選D。DOverthelastdecades,wehavewitnessedanever-increasinguseofelectronicdevices,leadinginturntoelectronicwaste(e-waste)becomingtheworld’sfastestgrowingwastestream.In2019,atotalof53.6Mtofe-wastewasgeneratedglobally,only17percentofwhichisdocumentedashavingbeenmanagedinanenvironmentallysoundmanner,whichhasbeenpushingresearcherstoaddressthee-wasteproblem.NowresearchersattheCellulose&WoodMaterialsLaboratoryhavecraftedawater-activateddisposable(一次性的)batterymadeofpaperandotherenvironmentallyfriendlymaterials.Thenewpaperbatteryhasthesamekeycomponentsastraditionalstandardbatteries.Likeatraditionalchemicalbattery,ithasapositivelychargedsidecalledacathode,anegativelychargedsidecalledananodeandaconductivematerialcalledanelectrolytebetweenthetwo.Instead,inthenewbattery,theanodeandcathodeareinksprintedontothefrontandbackofapieceofpaper.Thatpaperisfilledwithsalt.Itwilldissolvewhenyouaddjustacoupleofdropsofwatertothepaper.Theresultingsaltwatersolutionactsastheelectrolyte,whichallowselectronstoflow.About20secondslater,thebatterywillproduceastable1.2voltsofelectricityuntilthepaperdriesout.(Forcomparison,astandardAAbatteryprovides1.5volts.)Theresearchersdemonstratedthattheirbatterycouldpresentasustainablealternativetothemoreharmfulbatteriesthatarecommoninlow-powerdevices,suchasanalarmclock.Nystr?m,headoftheresearch,evenpicturesabrightfuturewherethesebatteriesareappliedtodiagnostictestsinhospitalsandenvironmentalsensors,ideallywithothersustainablecomponentssuchasscreensandpackaging.“Thatfuturemaynotbesofaroff.”Nystr?msaidhopefully.Itishardtopredictatimelineforproducingsuchitemsonalargescale,butNystr?msaysheisincontactwithpotentialindustrypartnersandbelievesthesebatteriescouldmaketheirwayintoproductswithinthenexttwotofiveyears.12.Whatcanwelearnfromparagraph1?A.Electronicdevicesareoverlyused.B.Electronicdevicesarethemainsourceofwaste.C.Electronicwastehasbecomeaglobalproblem.D.Electronicwasteismostlymanagedinasoundway.13.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“It”inparagraph3mean?A.Thesalt. B.Thepaper. C.Thebattery. D.Theink.14.Whatdoweknowaboutthenewpaperbattery?A.Ithascomeintothemarket.B.Itcanpowercommonelectricalequipment.C.Ithasthesameanodeandcathodeasthetraditionalbattery.D.Itstopsproducingelectricitywhenthesaltwatersolutiondriesout.15.HowdoesNystr?mfeelaboutthefutureofthepaperbattery?A.Indifferent. B.Positive. C.Negative. D.Doubtful.【答案】12.C13.A14.D15.B【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。在過(guò)去的幾十年中，電子垃圾已經(jīng)成為全球增長(zhǎng)速度最快的廢物。為了解決當(dāng)前電子垃圾泛濫問(wèn)題，科學(xué)家提出了一種可以用水激活的紙電池?！?2題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“Overthelastdecades,wehavewitnessedanever-increasinguseofelectronicdevices,leadinginturntoelectronicwaste(e-waste)becomingtheworld’sfastestgrowingwastestream.In2019,atotalof53.6Mtofe-wastewasgeneratedglobally,only17percentofwhichisdocumentedashavingbeenmanagedinanenvironmentallysoundmanner,whichhasbeenpushingresearcherstoaddressthee-wasteproblem.(在過(guò)去的幾十年里，我們目睹了越來(lái)越多的電子設(shè)備的使用，導(dǎo)致電子垃圾成為世界上增長(zhǎng)最快的廢物流。2019年，全球共產(chǎn)生了5360萬(wàn)噸電子垃圾，其中只有17%被記錄為以無(wú)害環(huán)境的方式進(jìn)行管理，這一直在推動(dòng)研究人員解決電子垃圾問(wèn)題)”可知，電子垃圾已經(jīng)成為全球性問(wèn)題。故選C?！?3題詳解】詞句猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)畫(huà)線(xiàn)詞上文“Thatpaperisfilledwithsalt(那張紙里裝滿(mǎn)了鹽)”以及后文“willdissolvewhenyouaddjustacoupleofdropsofwatertothepaper”可知，紙上注入了鹽，當(dāng)你往紙上滴幾滴水時(shí)，鹽就會(huì)溶解。故it指的是“鹽”。故選A。【14題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中“Theresultingsaltwatersolutionactsastheelectrolyte,whichallowselectronstoflow.About20secondslater,thebatterywillproduceastable1.2voltsofelectricityuntilthepaperdriesout.(由此產(chǎn)生的鹽水溶液充當(dāng)電解質(zhì)，使電子流動(dòng)。大約20秒后，電池會(huì)產(chǎn)生穩(wěn)定的1.2伏特電流，直到紙張干涸)”可知，當(dāng)鹽水溶液干涸時(shí)，它就停止發(fā)電。故選D?！?5題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“Itishardtopredictatimelineforproducingsuchitemsonalargescale,butNystr?msaysheisincontactwithpotentialindustrypartnersandbelievesthesebatteriescouldmaketheirwayintoproductswithinthenexttwotofiveyears.(很難預(yù)測(cè)大規(guī)模生產(chǎn)這類(lèi)產(chǎn)品的時(shí)間線(xiàn)，但Nystr?m表示，他正在與潛在的行業(yè)合作伙伴接觸，并相信這些電池可以在未來(lái)兩到五年內(nèi)投入生產(chǎn))”可推知，Nystr?m對(duì)于新型紙電池的未來(lái)持樂(lè)觀態(tài)度。故選B。第二節(jié)（共5小題；每小題2.5分，滿(mǎn)分12.5分）閱讀下面短文，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。Sportstourismreferstotourisminvolvingparticipationinorwatchingsportseventsandstayinginanenvironmentdifferentfromtheusualtouristhotelsorresorts.TheoriginofsportstourismcanbetracedbacktoAncientGreece,wherepeopletraveledtoOlympiatowatchortakepartinOlympiccompetitions.____16____ButsportstourismisnewandhasnotdrawnenoughattentioninChina.____17____However,giventhatChineseauthoritiesattachgreatimportancetopeople’shealth,sportstourism,inmanyways,canmeetpeople’sdemandforbothleisureandphysicalactivitywhilefacilitatingconsumptionupgrading(thatis,thegrowingdemandforhighquality,higherpricedgoodsandservices)anddevelopmentofthetourismindustry.____18____Infact,manylocalgovernmentshavealreadystimulatedconsumptionpotentialbyintroducingvariousproductsandservicestocombinesportsandtourism.____19____Forexample,accordingtoMafengwo,atravelserviceandsocialnetworkingplatform,sports-relatedtourismcontentinBeijingandZhangjiakou,HebeiProvince,increased145percentyear-on-year,withthenumberofsuchtouristsrisingby600percentinZhangjiakouthankstothe2022WinterOlympicGames.ThesuccessoftheBeijingWinterOlympicsinpromotingwintersportshasledtothedramaticincreaseinthedemandforsportstourismandthegradualbutsteadyintegration(融合)ofsportsandtourism.____20____Andthisinreturnwillleadtodeepercooperationbetweenthetourismandculturaldepartments,andhelpthemrealizehigh-qualitydevelopmentinthiscountry.A.Thathasreallyworked.B.ItishighlydevelopedinChina.C.Sportstourismbenefitsphysicallyandfinancially.D.Thereisalsoalackofresearchtoassessitstruepotential.E.Modernsportstourism,ontheotherhand,startedinthe1990s.F.SportstourismisnowthefastestgrowingpartofthetourismindustryinChina.G.Chinesegovernmentthereforehastakensomemeasurestoboostsportstourism.【答案】16.E17.D18.G19.A20.F【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要介紹了體育旅游業(yè)在中國(guó)的發(fā)展?！?6題詳解】根據(jù)上文“Sportstourismreferstotourisminvolvingparticipationinorwatchingsportseventsandstayinginanenvironmentdifferentfromtheusualtouristhotelsorresorts.TheoriginofsportstourismcanbetracedbacktoAncientGreece,wherepeopletraveledtoOlympiatowatchortakepartinOlympiccompetitions.(體育旅游是指參與或觀看體育賽事，并在不同于一般旅游酒店或度假村的環(huán)境中停留的旅游。體育旅游的起源可以追溯到古希臘，人們前往奧林匹亞觀看或參加奧運(yùn)會(huì)比賽)”可知，上一句提到了體育旅游的起源，本句為本段最后一句，故應(yīng)承接上文繼續(xù)說(shuō)明體育旅游的歷史。故E選項(xiàng)“現(xiàn)代體育旅游則始于20世紀(jì)90年代”符合語(yǔ)境，故選E?！?7題詳解】根據(jù)上文“ButsportstourismisnewandhasnotdrawnenoughattentioninChina.(但體育旅游是一個(gè)新興事物，在中國(guó)還沒(méi)有引起足夠的重視)”以及后文“However,giventhatChineseauthoritiesattachgreatimportancetopeople’shealth,sportstourism,inmanyways,canmeetpeople’sdemandforbothleisureandphysicalactivitywhilefacilitatingconsumptionupgrading(thatis,thegrowingdemandforhighquality,higherpricedgoodsandservices)anddevelopmentofthetourismindustry.(然而，鑒于中國(guó)政府對(duì)人民健康的高度重視，體育旅游在許多方面可以滿(mǎn)足人們對(duì)休閑和體育活動(dòng)的需求，同時(shí)促進(jìn)消費(fèi)升級(jí)，即：對(duì)高質(zhì)量、高價(jià)格的商品和服務(wù)的需求不斷增長(zhǎng)和旅游業(yè)的發(fā)展)”可知，本句與后文構(gòu)成轉(zhuǎn)折，繼續(xù)說(shuō)明中國(guó)體育旅游存在的問(wèn)題。故D選項(xiàng)“還缺乏評(píng)估其真正潛力的研究”符合語(yǔ)境，故選D?！?8題詳解】根據(jù)后文“Infact,manylocalgovernmentshavealreadystimulatedconsumptionpotentialbyintroducingvariousproductsandservicestocombinesportsandtourism.(事實(shí)上，許多地方政府已經(jīng)通過(guò)推出各種產(chǎn)品和服務(wù)來(lái)刺激消費(fèi)潛力，將體育和旅游結(jié)合起來(lái))”可知，后文提到許多地方政府已經(jīng)通過(guò)推出各種產(chǎn)品和服務(wù)來(lái)刺激消費(fèi)潛力，將體育和旅游結(jié)合起來(lái)，可知，中國(guó)政府已經(jīng)采取了一些措施來(lái)促進(jìn)體育旅游。故G選項(xiàng)“因此，中國(guó)政府已經(jīng)采取了一些措施來(lái)促進(jìn)體育旅游”符合語(yǔ)境，故選G?！?9題詳解】根據(jù)后文“Forexample,accordingtoMafengwo,atravelserviceandsocialnetworkingplatform,sports-relatedtourismcontentinBeijingandZhangjiakou,HebeiProvince,increased145percentyear-on-year,withthenumberofsuchtouristsrisingby600percentinZhangjiakouthankstothe2022WinterOlympicGames.(例如，根據(jù)旅游服務(wù)和社交網(wǎng)絡(luò)平臺(tái)螞蜂窩的數(shù)據(jù)，北京和河北張家口的體育相關(guān)旅游內(nèi)容同比增長(zhǎng)145%，而得益于2022年冬奧會(huì)，張家口的這類(lèi)游客數(shù)量增長(zhǎng)了600%)”可知，后文的例子表明政府采取的措施的確促進(jìn)了體育旅游的發(fā)展。故A選項(xiàng)“這真的很有效”符合語(yǔ)境，故選A?！?0題詳解】根據(jù)上文“ThesuccessoftheBeijingWinterOlympicsinpromotingwintersportshasledtothedramaticincreaseinthedemandforsportstourismandthegradualbutsteadyintegration(融合)ofsportsandtourism.(北京冬奧會(huì)對(duì)冬季運(yùn)動(dòng)的成功推廣，使得人們對(duì)體育旅游的需求急劇增加，體育與旅游的融合逐步而穩(wěn)定地進(jìn)行)”以及后文“Andthisinreturnwillleadtodeepercooperationbetweenthetourismandculturaldepartments,andhelpthemrealizehigh-qualitydevelopmentinthiscountry.(這也將促進(jìn)旅游、文化等部門(mén)深化合作，推動(dòng)中國(guó)高質(zhì)量發(fā)展)”可知，空白后的句子中this應(yīng)指代空白句子中的內(nèi)容，即“在中國(guó)，體育旅游業(yè)是目前旅游行業(yè)中發(fā)展最快的部分”。這會(huì)反過(guò)來(lái)促進(jìn)旅游業(yè)和文化部門(mén)的深度合作，實(shí)現(xiàn)高質(zhì)量發(fā)展。故F選項(xiàng)“體育旅游目前是中國(guó)旅游業(yè)中增長(zhǎng)最快的部分”符合語(yǔ)境，故選F。第三部分語(yǔ)言運(yùn)用（共兩節(jié)，滿(mǎn)分30分）第一節(jié)（共15小題；每小題1分，滿(mǎn)分15分）閱讀下面短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。Withhisbaldhead,thinbody,wireglasses,MohandasGandhiseemedlikeakindgrandfather.Withinthisquietman,however,wasa____21____will.GandhiwasbornintoalargeHindufamilyonOctober2,1869.Hisfatheroften____22____disagreementsbetweenthelocalpeopleandtheBritish,who____23____India.Fromhisfather,Gandhilearnedtorespectothersandtheirbeliefs.In1888,hesailedtoEngland,wherehestudiedlawforthreeyearsandbecamealawyer.OnhisreturntoIndia,hewassenttoSouthAfricatoworkonalaw____24____.There,Gandhiwastreated____25____becauseofhisskincolor,buthewasstill____26____toworkfortheequalrightsofIndians.HereturnedtoIndiain1915,readytoputtoworkthe____27____ofnonviolentprotesthedevelopedinSouthAfrica.He____28____IndianstonolongerbuyBritishgoodsorworkfortheBritishinanyway.Hisacts____29____himinjailseveraltimes.However,thestrugglesneverstopped.TheBritishgovernmenthadtogiveinandIndiawonitsindependencein1947.Nevertheless,thecountrywas____30____.TheMuslimpeopleformedthenewcountryofPakistan.Therewasstillmuchfighting.Gandhiworked____31____andachievedanumberof____32____peaceagreements.OnJanuary30,1948,GandhiwasshotdeadbyayoungHindumanwhodidn’t____33____Gandhi’sworktomakepeacewithMuslims.Gandhi’sdeath____34____peopleeverywhere.However,thissmallmancontinuedtochangetheworld,____35____greatleaderssuchasMartinLutherKingJr.andNelsonMandela.21.A.beautiful B.powerful C.special D.strange22A.maintained B.encouraged C.settled D.reached23.A.returned B.visited C.changed D.ruled24.A.case B.target C.cause D.matter25.A.seriously B.badly C.hardly D.well26.A.committed B.annoyed C.banned D.exposed27.A.habit B.decision C.concept D.knowledge28.A.calledfor B.tookin C.broughtup D.arguedagainst29.A.rushed B.landed C.turned D.involved30.A.disturbed B.saved C.forgot D.split31.A.gradually B.gratefully C.casually D.tirelessly32.A.potential B.temporary C.obvious D.aggressive33.A.dependon B.holdonto C.approveof D.accountfor34.A.saddened B.strengthened C.quietened D.brightened35.A.advising B.reminding C.alarming D.inspiring【答案】21.B22.C23.D24.A25.B26.A27.C28.A29.B30.D31.D32.B33.C34.A35.D【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇記敘文。文章講述了甘地的童年生活，求學(xué)之路以及他所倡導(dǎo)的非暴力不合作運(yùn)動(dòng)。甘地的精神幫助印度贏得獨(dú)立，也鼓舞了其他國(guó)家的民主人士，如馬丁?路德?金和曼德拉?！?1題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：然而，在這個(gè)安靜的人的內(nèi)心，卻有著強(qiáng)大的意志。A.beautiful美麗的；B.powerful強(qiáng)大的；C.special特別的；D.strange奇怪的。根據(jù)“Withinthisquietman,however”之間的轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系可知，在這位慈祥且安靜的人內(nèi)心深處，有著強(qiáng)大的意志力。故選B?！?2題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：他的父親經(jīng)常解決當(dāng)?shù)厝嗣窈徒y(tǒng)治印度的英國(guó)人之間的分歧。A.maintained維持；B.encouraged鼓勵(lì)；C.settled解決；D.reached到達(dá)。根據(jù)后文“disagreementsbetweenthelocalpeopleandtheBritish”指解決分歧，應(yīng)用settle意為“解決糾紛”，符合語(yǔ)境。故選C?！?3題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：他的父親經(jīng)常解決當(dāng)?shù)厝嗣窈徒y(tǒng)治印度的英國(guó)人之間的分歧。A.returned返回；B.visited拜訪(fǎng)；C.changed改變；D.ruled統(tǒng)治。根據(jù)常識(shí)可知，此時(shí)印度正被英國(guó)所統(tǒng)治。rule意為“統(tǒng)治，管轄”符合語(yǔ)境。故選D?！?4題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：他被派往南非處理一個(gè)法律案件。A.case情況，案件；B.target目標(biāo)；C.cause原因；D.matter物質(zhì)。根據(jù)上文“In1888,hesailedtoEngland,wherehestudiedlawforthreeyearsandbecamealawyer.(1888年，他乘船前往英國(guó)，在那里學(xué)習(xí)了三年法律，并成為一名律師)”可知，他被派往南非處理一個(gè)法律案件。故選A?！?5題詳解】考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：在那里，甘地因?yàn)樗哪w色而受到惡劣的對(duì)待，但他仍然致力于為印度人的平等權(quán)利而工作。A.seriously嚴(yán)肅地；B.badly嚴(yán)重地，不公正地；C.hardly幾乎不；D.well好地。根據(jù)下文“becauseofhisskincolor”及語(yǔ)境可知，甘地因?yàn)樗哪w色而受到不公正的對(duì)待。badly意為“不友善地”，符合語(yǔ)境。故選B?！?6題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：在那里，甘地因?yàn)樗哪w色而受到惡劣的對(duì)待，但他仍然致力于為印度人的平等權(quán)利而工作。A.committed忠誠(chéng)的；B.annoyed惱怒的；C.banned被禁止的；D.exposed暴露的。根據(jù)后文“toworkfortheequalrightsofIndians”可知為短語(yǔ)becommittedto意為“致力于”，符合語(yǔ)境。故選A。【27題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：1915年，他回到印度，準(zhǔn)備將他在南非提出的非暴力抗議的概念付諸實(shí)踐。A.habit習(xí)慣；B.decision決定；C.concept概念；D.knowledge知識(shí)。根據(jù)后文“ofnonviolentprotest”指非暴力抗議的概念。故選C。【28題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)辨析。句意：他呼吁印度人不再購(gòu)買(mǎi)英國(guó)商品，也不再以任何方式為英國(guó)人工作。A.calledfor要求，呼吁；B.tookin吸收；C.broughtup撫養(yǎng)；D.arguedagainst反對(duì)。根據(jù)后文“IndianstonolongerbuyBritishgoodsorworkfortheBritishinanyway