汽車電動(dòng)助力轉(zhuǎn)向系統(tǒng)發(fā)展綜述外文文獻(xiàn)翻譯、中英文翻譯、外文翻譯

CAN總線簡(jiǎn)介頁(yè)共14頁(yè)OverviewofDevelopmentonVehicleEPSSystemAbstractThecurrentdevelopmentofanelectricpowersteering(EPS)systeminanautomobileisexplicated.Thestructure,typesandcharacteristicsofelectricpowersteeringsystemareintroduced.Themodelingtechnologiesforelectricpowersteeringsystemandcontrolstrategiesareanalyzedandcompared.Thedevelopmenttrendofelectricpowersteeringsysteminanautomobileisalsodiscussed.Itispointedthattheelectricpowersteeringtechnologyisoneorientationofpowersteeringtechnologiesinthefuture,andwhichwilloccupyapredominantpositioninpowersteeringfield.Keywords:Automobile;Electricpowersteeringsystem;Developmenttrend

1EPSsystemtypesandcharacteristics1.1EPSsystemclassificationTheearlydevelopmentofEPSsystemislowinsteeringtypecar.Present4typesofEPSsystemarebasedonrack-andpinionsteeringsystem,Theinstallationpositionaccordingtopowermotorscanbedividedintodifferent:Typeboostersteering;Smallgearpowertype;DoublesmallgearpowertypeandRackpowertype.ThesteeringtheinstrumentalityofmotorpowertypeEPSinstalledinthesteering,Motorpowertorquethroughincreasedafterwormgeardecelerationinthesteeringdirectlyaddedtwist.Itsadvantageismotorcanbeinstalledinanypositionhacking,Relativetootherseveraltypesminimumcost;Thedrawbacktomotortorquerippleeffectsofdriverfeelbigger.Theinstrumentalityoftorquemotoraddedinsmallgearaxledirectly.Advantage:rigid,steeringroadtofeelstrong.DoublepinionsteeringrackbooststypeEPSareinstalledontwosmallgear,Asmallgearandsteeringplateconnected,powermotorsthroughanotherpinionandrackmeshing,providepowerforrack.Advantage:canproviderelativelylargepow.1.2EPSsystemmeritEPSsystemandthetraditionalhydraulicpowersteeringsystemhasthefollowingadvantagescompared.=1\*GB2⑴EPSinvariousridingconditioncanprovidesthebestefforts.InthecarorparkingatTreasuryandlow-speedsteeringprovideenoughpowerforthedriver,Inhigh-speedsteeringmadedrivershavegoodroadfeeling,Andreducecausedbypavementofroughdisturbanceofsteeringsystem,Improvingautosteeringcharacteristics.=2\*GB2⑵Improvethecarfueleconomy,Urbanconditionscanimprovefueleconomy.Theaverage3.5%,savingfuel3%.EPSsystemonlywhenthevehiclesteeringonlyprovidepower,Unliketraditionalhydraulicpowersteeringsystemevenindon'tturn,Pumpshavebeenrunning.=3\*GB2⑶EPSsystemstructureiscompact,parts,convenientininstallationandsmallernumbertoassemble,enhancedthelaborproductivityduetotellthepackedinenginepulleysandoilpump,setasideofthespacecanbeusedtoinstallotherpartsofFIATPuntoproductioncompanyadoptedDELPHIcompanydevelopedtheelectricpowersteeringsystem,loadingtimereducedaround80percent.=4\*GB2⑷EPSsystemcancelledhydraulicloop,thereisnooilleakageandoilleakageproblem,reducethepollutiontotheenvironment,andsavealotofsteeringoil.=5\*GB2⑸EPSsystemhasthefunctionofselfdiagnosis,convenientinmaintenanceandmaintenance.=6\*GB2⑹EPSsystemhasgoodlowtemperatureperformance,evenin40environment,EPSsystemalsocanworkverywell,hashigherreliabilityandsafety.=7\*GB2⑺EPSsystem'sbiggestadvantageistheperformanceofthewholesystemcannotchangingthesystemstructureofthecases,bychangingthesystemcontrolstrategyofprogrammingrealize,inordertomeetdifferentmodelsanddifferentdrivingfeeltheneed,greatlyreducedthedevelopmentcostandimprovetheefficiencyofdevelopment.

2EPSSystemKeyComponentsEPSsystemkeycomponentsAnglesensoraremainlytorquesensorspeedpreach.2.1CornerSorqueSensorSensorsforreal-timedetectionofsteeringAnglerotationdirectionandsteeringdiskposition,Thetorquesensorforreal-timedetectionsteeringdishtorquesize,AndwillsignaltransmissiontoEPSsystemofelectroniccontrolunit(ECU).Cornerthetorquesensorprecisionproblemdecidedtheelectricpowersteeringsystemperformanceandreliability,Acceleratedevelopmentresearchperformancereliable,low-costcornertorquesensorisveryimportant,Thecostofthesensorisrestrictedbytheelectricpowersteeringsystemoneofthemainfactorsmarket.2.2SpeedSensorThewheelspeedsensorsusedtomeasurethesizeoftheaveragespeedsensorusingelectromagneticinductionsensorinstallationonthesensoringearboxaccordingtothechange,themainspeedpulsevicetwosystemsignalstoECU,becausethiswastwosystem,thereforethesignalreliabilityimproved.2.3PowerMotorsPowermotorsisEPSsystemactuators,andhelpmotorcharacteristicsdirectlyaffecttheEPSsystemtocontroltheeaseordrivershandleEPSsystemforpowermotorsarebasicrequirementsofthehighreliabilityshouldbe,bigpower,lownoiseandvibration,lowfrictiontorque,smallvolumeandweight;Canturninblockingnextoutputtorque;goodmechanicalproperties,intheprocessofoperation,asfaraspossibletosmalltorqueripple;Thesmallinertiashouldasfaraspossible;ShouldbeabletofastreversecurrentEPSsystemtheinstrumentalityofpermanentmagnetdcmotorareusuallymotivebrushlessdcmotorandswitchedreluctancemotordchavebrushmotormaturetechnology,controller,lowcost,butsimpleexistingweareasilypowerdensebrushSpark,neednotoftenmaintenanceandhighefficiencyandpowerdensityunder.Therefore,suitableforthedevelopmentoftheEPSsystemsusedlowcosthighpowerdensityofbrushlessdcmotoristhefutureresearchdirectionofelectricmotorbooster.2.4ReducingGearItsandmotorislinkedtogether,upslowincreasetwistofthedecelerationagenciesroleEPSsystemoftenadoptedwormandwormwheelmechanismcirculatingballscrewnutplanetarygearagenciestoensurethatEPSsystemonlyinapredeterminedspeedrangerole,someEPSsystemalsowithclutchwhenspeeduptoacertainvalue,clutch,motorstoppedworking,steeringsystem.2.5ElectricPowerSteeringElectroniccontrolunit(ECU)functionisbasedonsteeringAngletorqueandspeedofthedisk,logicalanalysisandsignal,issuecommandstocalculate,controltheactioninaddition,boostsmotorhasasafetyprotectionandselfECUdiagnosefunctionECUthroughgathercurrentgeneratorvoltageengineconditionssignaljudgeitssystemworkingconditionisnormal,once.

3EPSSystemResearchSituation3.1EPSSystemDevelopmentSituationEPSsystemwasfirstbyJapanesesuzukimotorcompanyin1988Februarydevelopment,CervosmallcarsintheequipmentinstalledintheAlto,thenin1993,Hondamotorcompanyistheworld'sfirstputEPSasstandardequipmentconfigurationinadvancedsportscarAcuraNSX,JapanautomobilemanufacturersthentheMiraandmitsubishi'swrathMinicacorrespondinglyinstalledEPSsystemsincethen,electricpowertoturnBoostermotor,Thetwocompaniesareabout70%modelsadoptedthesteeringpowertypeEPSstartingandGMchoseTRWcompanyoffersofatransitionaltechnology,includingelectrichydraulicsteeringtechnology,VolkswagenisinitsPQ35wasusedontheplatformofthecomplexZFprovidedoublesmallgearpowertypeEPS.Inaforeigncountry,EPSsystemapplicationrangeisfromoriginalminioncommercialtolimousinesMPV,boosterformsfromlowspeedrangeboostertypetofullspeedrangeboostertypedirection.AtpresentdomestictoEPSsystemresearch,mainlyonthehackingpowertypewithminicarcarryEPSsystemonEPSofuniversitybasicallyhas:studyoftsinghuauniversity,Beijinguniversityofscienceandtechnology,huazhonguniversityofscienceandtechnologyuniversityinBeijinguniversityoftianjinuniversityofhefeitechnicaluniversityofjiangsuautomobileindustryofhubeiprovince,wuhanuniversityoftechnology,collegeguangzhouHondaflyingacrossSiDi,changheploughistheearliestequipmentmodels,EPSsystemmakesthesecarsbecamethehighlightofparticipatesinthemarketcompetition.4ConclusionEPSsystemsinvolvethesensortechnologymicroelectronicscontrolmoderncontroltheoryandthetraditionalmechanicaldesign,EPStorepresentthefuturecarpowersteeringtechnologydevelopmentdirection,willserveasastandardaccessoriesoneofthebus,andequipmentinpowersteeringfieldisthedominantsoEPSisverywideapplicationprospect,ourcountryisnecessarytoincreaseinvestmentonresearchanddevelopment.

汽車電動(dòng)助力轉(zhuǎn)向系統(tǒng)發(fā)展綜述摘要綜述了國(guó)內(nèi)外汽車電動(dòng)助力轉(zhuǎn)向(EPS)系統(tǒng)的發(fā)展現(xiàn)狀，介紹了電動(dòng)助力轉(zhuǎn)向系統(tǒng)的結(jié)構(gòu)、類型及其特點(diǎn)。分析對(duì)比了國(guó)內(nèi)外電動(dòng)助力轉(zhuǎn)向系統(tǒng)建模及控制策略，展望了電動(dòng)助力轉(zhuǎn)向系統(tǒng)的發(fā)展趨勢(shì)，指出電動(dòng)助力轉(zhuǎn)向技術(shù)代表未來(lái)汽車動(dòng)力轉(zhuǎn)向技術(shù)的發(fā)展方向之一，并將在動(dòng)力轉(zhuǎn)向領(lǐng)域占據(jù)主導(dǎo)地位。關(guān)鍵詞：汽車；電動(dòng)助力轉(zhuǎn)向系統(tǒng)；發(fā)展趨勢(shì)1EPS系統(tǒng)的類型與特點(diǎn)1.1EPS系統(tǒng)的分類早期開發(fā)的EPS系統(tǒng)都是低速、駐車轉(zhuǎn)向助力型。目前現(xiàn)有的4種類型的EPS系統(tǒng)都是基于齒輪齒條轉(zhuǎn)向系統(tǒng)的，按照助力電動(dòng)機(jī)的安裝位置不同可以分為：轉(zhuǎn)向柱助力型、小齒輪助力型、雙小齒輪助力型和齒條助力型。轉(zhuǎn)向柱助力型EPS的助力電動(dòng)機(jī)安裝在轉(zhuǎn)向柱上，電動(dòng)機(jī)助力轉(zhuǎn)矩通過(guò)蝸桿蝸輪減速增扭后直接加在轉(zhuǎn)向柱上。其優(yōu)點(diǎn)是電動(dòng)機(jī)可以安裝在轉(zhuǎn)向柱的任何位置，成本相對(duì)其他幾種類型最低；缺點(diǎn)對(duì)電動(dòng)機(jī)的轉(zhuǎn)矩波動(dòng)對(duì)駕駛員手感影響較大。小齒輪助力型EPS的助力電動(dòng)機(jī)通過(guò)小齒輪與齒條嚙合，電動(dòng)機(jī)的助力轉(zhuǎn)矩直接加在小齒輪軸上。優(yōu)點(diǎn)是：剛性好，轉(zhuǎn)向路感強(qiáng)。雙小齒輪助力型EPS的轉(zhuǎn)向齒條上安裝有兩個(gè)小齒輪，一個(gè)小齒輪與轉(zhuǎn)向盤相連，助力電動(dòng)機(jī)通過(guò)另外一個(gè)小齒輪與齒條嚙合，為齒條提供助力。優(yōu)點(diǎn)是：可以提供相對(duì)較大的助力。1.2EPS系統(tǒng)的優(yōu)點(diǎn)EPS系統(tǒng)與傳統(tǒng)的液壓動(dòng)力轉(zhuǎn)向系統(tǒng)相比有以下優(yōu)點(diǎn)：=1\*GB2⑴EPS能在各種行駛工況下提供最佳助力。在駐車或停車入庫(kù)以及低速轉(zhuǎn)向時(shí)為駕駛員提供足夠的助力，在高速轉(zhuǎn)向時(shí)使駕駛員有良好的“路感”，并減小由路面不平所引起的對(duì)轉(zhuǎn)向系統(tǒng)的擾動(dòng)，改善汽車的轉(zhuǎn)向特性；=2\*GB2⑵提高了汽車的燃油經(jīng)濟(jì)性，城市工況下燃油經(jīng)濟(jì)性可以提高3.5%，平均節(jié)省燃油3%。EPS系統(tǒng)僅在汽車轉(zhuǎn)向時(shí)才提供助力，不像傳統(tǒng)的液壓動(dòng)力轉(zhuǎn)向系統(tǒng)即使在不轉(zhuǎn)向時(shí)，油泵也一直運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)；=3\*GB2⑶EPS系統(tǒng)結(jié)構(gòu)緊湊，零件數(shù)量較少，便于安裝和裝配，提高了勞動(dòng)生產(chǎn)率。由于省去了裝于發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)上的皮帶輪和油泵，留出的空間可以用于安裝其他部件。FIAT公司生產(chǎn)的Punto采用了DELPHI公司開發(fā)的電動(dòng)助力轉(zhuǎn)向系統(tǒng)，裝車時(shí)間減少了80%左右；=4\*GB2⑷EPS系統(tǒng)取消了液壓回路，不存在滲油和漏油問(wèn)題，減少了對(duì)環(huán)境的污染，同時(shí)又節(jié)省了大量的轉(zhuǎn)向助力油；=5\*GB2⑸EPS系統(tǒng)具有自我診斷的功能，便于維修和保養(yǎng)；=6\*GB2⑹EPS系統(tǒng)具有良好的低溫工作性能，即使在-40℃的環(huán)境下，EPS系統(tǒng)也能很好地工作，具有更高的可靠性、安全性；=7\*GB2⑺EPS系統(tǒng)最大的優(yōu)點(diǎn)就是整個(gè)系統(tǒng)的性能可以在不改變系統(tǒng)結(jié)構(gòu)的情況下，通過(guò)改變系統(tǒng)的控制策略、編程來(lái)實(shí)現(xiàn)，從而滿足不同的車型和不同的駕駛感覺的需要，大大減低了開發(fā)的成本，提高了開發(fā)效率；

2EPS系統(tǒng)的關(guān)鍵部件EPS系統(tǒng)的關(guān)鍵部件主要有轉(zhuǎn)角傳感器、轉(zhuǎn)矩傳感器、車速傳感器、助力電動(dòng)機(jī)、減速機(jī)構(gòu)和電控制單元(ECU)等。2.1轉(zhuǎn)角、轉(zhuǎn)矩傳感器轉(zhuǎn)角傳感器用于實(shí)時(shí)檢測(cè)轉(zhuǎn)向盤的轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)方向以及轉(zhuǎn)向盤的位置，轉(zhuǎn)矩傳感器用于實(shí)時(shí)檢測(cè)轉(zhuǎn)向盤轉(zhuǎn)矩大小，并將信號(hào)輸送到EPS系統(tǒng)的電控單元(ECU)。轉(zhuǎn)角、轉(zhuǎn)矩傳感器的精度問(wèn)題決定了電動(dòng)助力轉(zhuǎn)向系統(tǒng)的性能可靠性，加速開發(fā)研究性能可靠成本低廉的轉(zhuǎn)角、轉(zhuǎn)矩傳感器十分重要，傳感器的成本是制約電動(dòng)助力轉(zhuǎn)向系統(tǒng)市場(chǎng)化的主要因素之一。2.2車速傳感器車速傳感器用來(lái)測(cè)量車速的大小。車速傳感器一般采用電磁感應(yīng)式傳感器，安裝在變速箱上。該傳感器根據(jù)車速的變化，把主副兩個(gè)系統(tǒng)的脈沖信號(hào)傳送給ECU，由于是兩個(gè)系統(tǒng)，因此信號(hào)的可靠性提高了。2.3助力電動(dòng)機(jī)助力電動(dòng)機(jī)是EPS系統(tǒng)的執(zhí)行元件，助力電動(dòng)機(jī)的特性直接影響到EPS系統(tǒng)控制的難易程度和駕駛員的手感。EPS系統(tǒng)對(duì)助力電動(dòng)機(jī)的基本要求是：應(yīng)具有高的可靠性，大的功率，低噪聲和振動(dòng)，較低的摩擦轉(zhuǎn)矩，較小的體積和重量；能夠在堵轉(zhuǎn)下輸出轉(zhuǎn)矩；有良好的機(jī)械特性，在工作過(guò)程中，轉(zhuǎn)矩波動(dòng)盡量要?。晦D(zhuǎn)動(dòng)慣量應(yīng)盡可能的小；應(yīng)能快速的反轉(zhuǎn)。目前EPS系統(tǒng)的助力電動(dòng)機(jī)通常有永磁直流電動(dòng)機(jī)、直流無(wú)刷電動(dòng)機(jī)和開關(guān)磁阻電動(dòng)機(jī)等。直流有刷電動(dòng)機(jī)技術(shù)成熟，控制器簡(jiǎn)單，成本低，但存在電刷易磨損、功率密度低、由換向器的電火花產(chǎn)生的電磁干擾等缺點(diǎn)。直流無(wú)刷電動(dòng)機(jī)采用電子換向，減少了換向時(shí)的電火花，不需要經(jīng)常維護(hù)以及具有較高的效率和功率密度而受到越來(lái)越多的關(guān)注。因此，開發(fā)適合EPS系統(tǒng)使用的低成本、高功率密度的直流無(wú)刷電動(dòng)機(jī)是今后助力電動(dòng)