2014職稱英語新增文章理工類A閱讀判斷新增文章

2014職稱英語新增文章理工類A閱讀判斷新增文章第十四篇：StageFrightFalldownasyoucomeonstage.That'sanoddtrick.Notrecommended.ButitsavedthepianistVladimirFeltsmanwhenhewasateenagerbackinMoscow.TheveterancellistMstislav

Rostropovichtrippedhimpurposelytocurehimofpre-performancepanic,Mr.Feltsmansaid,"All

myfrightwasgone.Ialreadyfell.Whatelsecouldhappen?"

Today,musicschoolsareaddressingtheproblemofanxietyinclassesthatdealwith

performancetechniquesandcareerpreparation.Thereareavarietyofstrategiesthatmusicianscanlearntofightstagefrightanditssymptoms:icyfingers,shakylimbs,racingheart,blankmind.

Teachersandpsychologistsofferwide-rangingadvice,frombasicslikelearningpiecesinsideout,tomentaldiscipline,suchasvisualizingaperformanceandtakingstepstorelax.Don'tdenythatyou'rejittery,theyurge;someexcitementisnatural,evennecessaryfordynamicplaying.Andplayinpublicoften,simplyfortheexperience.

PsychotherapistDianeNicholssuggests'somestrategiesforthemomentsbeforeperformance,"Taketwodeepabdominalbreaths,openupyourshoulders,thensmile,"shesays."Andnotoneofthese'pleasedon'tkillme'smiles.Thenchoosethreefriendlyfacesintheaudience,peopleyouwouldcommunicatewithandmakemusicto,andmakeeyecontactwiththem."Shedoesn'twantperformerstothinkoftheaudienceasajudge.Extremedemandsbymentorsorparentsareoftenattherootofstagefright,saysDorothy

Delay,awell-knownviolinteacher.Shetellsotherteacherstodemandonlywhattheirstudentsareabletoachieve..

WhenLynnHarrellwas20,hebecametheprincipalcellistoftheCleverlandOrchestra,andhesufferedextremestagefright."ThereweretimeswhenIgotsonervousIwassuretheaudiencecouldseemychestrespondingtothethrobbing.Itwasjusttotalpanic.IcametoapointwhereIthought,'IfIhavetogothroughthistoplaymusic,IthinkI'mgoingtolookforanotherjob.Recovery,hesaid,involveddevelopinghumility-recognizingthatwhateverhistalent,hewasfallible,andthatanimperfectconcertwasnotadisaster.6

Itisnotonlyyoungartistswhosuffer,ofcourse.ThelegendarypianistVladimirHorowitz's

nerveswerefamous.ThegreattenorFrancoCorelliisanotherexample."Theyhadtopushhimonstage,"SopranoRenataScottorecalled.

Actually,successcanmakethingsworse."Inthebeginningofyourcareer,whenyou'rescaredtodeath,nobodyknowswhoyouare,andtheydon'thaveanyexpectations,"SopranoJuneAndersonsaid."There'slesstolose.Lateron,whenyou'reknown,p.eoplearecomingtoseeyou,andtheyhavecertainexpectations.Youhavealottolose."

Andersonadded,"IneverstopbeingnervousuntilI'vesungmylastnote."注釋：

1．StageFright：怯場

2．TheveterancellistMstislavRostropovichtrippedhimpurposelytocurehimofpre—performancepanic．資深大提琴家MstislavRostropovich故意把VladimirFeltsman絆倒，

因而治愈了他的上臺前的恐懼癥。curesomebodyofsomething(illness，problem)：醫(yī)治好病(解決問題)。

3．…itssymptoms：icyfingers，shakylimbs，racingheart，blankmind：怯場的癥狀有：手指冰涼、四肢發(fā)抖、心跳加速、大腦一片空白。

4．Teachersandpsychologistsofferwide?rangingadvice，frombasicslikelearningpiecesinsideout…：老師和心理學(xué)家提出了方方面面的建議，從基礎(chǔ)的做法，比如，將演奏曲目爛熟于

心……insideout：ingreatdetail(詳細的，從里到外的)

5．IcametoapointwhereIthought，‘IfIhavetogothroughthistoplaymusic，Ithinkl’mgoingtolookforanotherjob．’我曾經(jīng)一度認為，如果演出要經(jīng)歷這種慌亂，我寧可另找一份工作。

6．Recovery，hesaid，involveddevelopinghumility——recognizingthatwhateverhistalent，hewasfallible，andthatanimperfectconcertwasnotadisaster．要克服怯場，就要學(xué)會謙虛，即認識到不論自己有多大的才能，都可能犯錯誤；一場音樂會即使有不完美的地方，也不是要命的事情。練習(xí)：

1.FallingdownonstagewasnotagoodwayforVladimirFeltsmantodealwithhisstagefright.

ARight

BWrong

CNotmentioned

2.Therearemanysignsofstagefright.

ARight

BWrong

CNotmentioned

3.Teachersandpsychologistscannothelppeoplewithextremestagefright.

ARight

BWrong

CNotmentioned

4.Toperformwellonstage,youneedtohavesomefeelingsofexcitement.

ARight

BWrong

CNotmentioned

5.Ifyouhavestagefright,it'shelpfultohavefriendlyaudience.

ARight

BWrong

CNotmentioned

6.Oftenpeoplehavestagefrightbecauseparentsorteachersexpecttoomuchofthem.

ARight

BWrong

CNotmentioned

7.Famousmusiciansneversufferfromstagefright.

ARight

BWrong

CNotmentioned答案與題解：

1．B本文第一段講的是鋼琴家VladimirFeltsman被MstislavRostropovich絆倒后，他的怯場被治愈了的經(jīng)歷。

2．A第二段的最后一句點出怯場的諸多癥狀：手指冰涼、四肢發(fā)抖、心跳加速、大腦一片空白。

3．B本文的第三、第四、第五和第六段都在講老師和心理學(xué)家為怯場者提供全方位的建議。

4．A依據(jù)第三段的倒數(shù)第二句：someexcitementisnatural，evennecessaryfordynamicplaying．

(適度的興奮對于精彩演出是正常甚至是必要的)

5．c第四段提到克服怯場的方法之一是：在觀眾中選擇三名比較友善的人，與他們做眼神交流。所以克服怯場要靠自己而不是指望所有的觀眾都友好。

6．A第五段講了怯場的根源在于導(dǎo)師或父母對表演者要求太高。Extremedemands就是expecttoomuchofthem的意思。

7．B第七段講的是：不只年輕藝術(shù)家會怯場，鋼琴家VladimirHorowitz和男高音FrancoCorelli亦不能幸免。Never一詞不恰當(dāng)。第十一篇：BillGates:UnleashingYourCreativityI'vealwaysbeenanoptimistandIsupposeitisrootedinmybeliefthatthepowerofcreativityandintelligencecanmakethewordabetterplace.

ForaslongasIcanremember,I'velovedlearningnewthingsandsolvingproblems.SowhenIsatdownatacomputerforthefirsttimeinseventhgrade,Iwashooked.Itwasaclunkyoldteletypemachineanditcouldbarelydoanythingcomparedtothecomputerswehavetoday.Butitchangedmylife.

WhenmyfriendPaulAllenandIstartedMicrosoft30yearsago,wehadavisionof"a

computeroneverydeskandineveryhome",whichprobablysoundedalittletoooptimisticatatimewhenmostcomputerswerethesizeofrefrigerators.Butwebelievedthatpersonalcomputerswouldchangetheworld.Andtheyhave.Andafter30years,I'mstillasinspiredbycomputersasIwasbackinseventhgrade.

Ibelievethatcomputersarethemostincredibletoolwecanusetofeedourcuriosityand

inventiveness--tohelpussolveproblemsthateventhesmartestpeoplecouldn'tsolveontheirown.

Computershavetransformedhowwelearn,givingkidseverywhereawindowintoalloftheworld'sknowledge.They'rehelpingusbuildcommunitiesaroundthethingswecareaboutandtostayclosetothepeoplewhoareimportanttous,nomatterwheretheyare.

LikemyfriendWarrenBuffett,IfeelparticularlyluckytodosomethingeverydaythatIlovetodo.Hecallsit"tap-dancingtoWork".MyjobatMicrosoftisaschallengingasever,butwhatmakesme"tap-danceingtowork"iswhenweshowpeoplesomethingnew,likeacomputerthatcanrecognizeyourhandwritingoryourspeech,oronethatcanstorealifetime'sworthofphotos,andtheysay,"Ididn'tknowyoucoulddothatwithaPC5!"

ButforallthecoolthingsthatapersoncandowithaPC,therearelotsofotherwayswecanputourcreativityandintelligencetoworktoimproveourworld6.Therearestillfartoomany

peopleintheworldwhosemostbasicneedsgounmet7.Everyyear,forexample,millionsof

peoplediefromdiseasesthatareeasytopreventortreatinthedevelopedworld.

Ibelievethatmyowngoodfortunebringswithitaresponsibilitytogivebacktotheworld.

Mywife,Melinda,andIhavecommittedtoimprovinghealthandeducationinawaythatcanhelpasmanypeopleaspossible.Asafather,IbelievethatthedeathofachildinAfricaisnolesspoignantortragicthan9thedeathofachildanywhereelse,andthatitdoesn'ttakemuchtomakeanimmensedifferenceinthesechildren'slives.

I'mstillverymuchanoptimist,andIbelievethatprogressoneventheworld'stoughest

problemsispossible--andit'shappeningeveryday.We'reseeingnewdrugsfordeadlydiseases,

newdiagnostictools,andnewattentionpaidtothehealthproblemsinthedevelopingworld.

I'mexcitedbythepossibilitiesIseeformedicine,foreducationand,ofcourse,for

technology.AndIbelievethatthroughournaturalinventiveness,creativityandwillingnesstosolvetoughproblems,we'regoingtomakesomeamazingachievementsinalltheseareasinmylifetime.

注釋：

1．berootedin：扎根于；深深地存在于

2．Itwasaclunkyoldteletypemachineanditcouldbarelydoanythingcomparedtothecomputerswehavetoday．那是一臺笨重的舊式電傳打字機，跟我們今天的電腦相比幾乎干不了什么事。本句中，barely意為almostnot；compareto在美國英語中也可以等同于comparewith(與……相比)。3．They’rehelpingUSbuildcommunitiesaroundthethingswecareaboutandtostayclosetothepeoplewhoareimportanttoUS，nomatterwheretheyare．電腦幫助我們就我們所關(guān)心的事情建立一個交流的場所，并且與那些我們認為對我們有重要意義的人密切相處，不管他們身在何處。careabout指不管喜歡或不喜歡的事情都很關(guān)心、介意、在乎、計較。

4．“tap—dancingtowork”：“跳著踢踏舞工作”。tap原意是“叩擊、輕敲”；tapdance是“踢踏舞”。這里實際意思是“(手指)輕輕敲擊鍵盤的工作”。

5．PC(personalcomputer)：個人計算機

6．ButforallthecoolthingsthatapersoncandowithaPC，therearelotsofotherwayswecanputourcreativityandintelligencetoworktoimproveourworld．除了我們能用計算機做的所有神奇的事情，還有很多其他方式發(fā)揮我們的創(chuàng)造力和智慧，從而使世界更加美好。

7．gounmet：得不到滿足。在這里go是系動詞，unmet是過去分詞作表語：

8．committo此處意為承諾，保證做某事。

9．noless…than：和……一樣，不亞于……

10．a(chǎn)ndthatitdoesn’ttakemuchtomakeanimmensedifferenceinthesechildren’Slives．而且要改善這些孩子們的命運，其實不難。此處it是形式主語，真正的主語是不定式短語tomakeanimmensedifferenceinthesechildren’Slives。

練習(xí)：

1.AcomputerwasasbigasaniceboxwhenBillGateswasahighschoolstudent.

ARight

BWrong

CNotmentioned

2.BillGateshasbeendreamingofthepopularityofcomputersforhislifet