2023屆高考英語二輪復(fù)習(xí)：閱讀理解 （含解析）

（1）閱讀理解—2023屆高考英語一輪復(fù)習(xí)揭秘高考原題【新高考】一、高考原題1（2022年新高考）.GradingPoliciesforIntroductiontoLiteratureGradingScale

90-100,A;80-89,B;70-79,C;60-69,D;Below60,E.Essays(60%)

Yourfourmajoressayswillcombinetoformthemainpartofthegradeforthiscourse:Essay1=10%;Essay2=15%;Essay3=15%;Essay4=20%.GroupAssignments(30%)

Studentswillworkingroupstocompletefourassignments(作業(yè))duringthecourse.AlltheassignmentswillbesubmittedbytheassigneddatethroughBlackboard,ouronlinelearningandcoursemanagementsystem.DailyWork/In-ClassWritingsandTests/GroupWork/Homework(10%)

Classactivitieswillvaryfromdaytoday,butstudentsmustbereadytocompleteshortin-classwritingsortestsdrawndirectlyfromassignedreadingsornotesfromthepreviousclass'lecture/discussion,soitisimportanttotakecarefulnotesduringclass.Additionally,fromtimetotimeIwillassigngroupworktobecompletedinclassorshortassignmentstobecompletedathome,bothofwhichwillbegraded.

LateWork

Anessaynotsubmittedinclassontheduedatewilllosealettergradeforeachclassperioditislate.Ifitisnotturnedinbythe4thdayaftertheduedate,itwillearnazero.Dailyassignmentsnotcompletedduringclasswillgetazero.Shortwritingsmissedasaresultofanexcusedabsencewillbeaccepted.1.Whereisthistextprobablytakenfrom?

A.Atextbook. B.Anexampaper.

C.Acourseplan. D.Anacademicarticle.

2.Howmanypartsisastudent'sfinalgrademadeupof?

A.Two. B.Three. C.Four. D.Five.

3.Whatwillhappenifyousubmitanessayoneweekaftertheduedate?

A.Youwillreceiveazero. B.Youwilllosealettergrade.

C.Youwillbegivenatest. D.Youwillhavetorewriteit.2.

（2022年新高考）

Likemostofus,Itrytobemindfuloffoodthatgoestowaste.Thearugula(芝麻菜)wastomakeanicegreensalad,roundingoutaroastchickendinner.ButIendedupworkinglate.Thenfriendscalledwithadinnerinvitation.Istuckthechickeninthefreezer.Butasdayspassed,thearugulawentbad.Evenworse,Ihadunthinkinglyboughtwaytoomuch;IcouldhavemadesixsaladswithwhatIthrewout.

Inaworldwherenearly800millionpeopleayeargohungry,"foodwastegoesagainstthemoralgrain,"asElizabethRoytewritesinthismonth'scoverstory.It'sjaw-droppinghowmuchperfectlygoodfoodisthrownaway—from"ugly"(butquiteeatable)vegetablesrejectedbygrocerstolargeamountsofuneatendishesthrownintorestaurantgarbagecans.

Producingfoodthatnooneeatswastesthewater,fuel,andotherresourcesusedtogrowit.Thatmakesfoodwasteanenvironmentalproblem.Infact,Roytewits,"iffoodwastewereacountry,itwouldbethethirdlargestproducerofgreenhousegasesintheworld."

Ifthat'shardtounderstand,let'skeepitassimpleasthearugulaatthebackofmyrefrigerator.MikeCurtinseesmyarugulastoryallthetime—butforhim,it'smorelike12boxesofdonatedstrawberriesnearingtheirlastdays.CurtinisCEOofDCCentralKitcheninWashington,D.C.,Whichrecoversfoodandturnsitintohealthymeals.Lastyearitrecoveredmorethan807,500poundsoffoodbytakingdonationsandcollectingblemished(有瑕疵的)producethatotherwisewouldhaverottedinfields.Andthestrawberries?Volunteerswillwash,cut,andfreezeordrythemforuseinmealsdowntheroad.

Suchmethodsseemobvious,yetsooftenwejustdon'tthink."Everyonecanplayapartinreducingwaste,whetherbynotpurchasingmorefoodthannecessaryinyourweeklyshoppingorbyaskingrestaurantstonotincludethesidedishyouwon'teat."Curtinsays.1.Whatdoestheauthorwanttoshowbytellingthearugulastory?

A.Wepaylittleattentiontofoodwaste.

B.Wewastefoodunintentionallyattimes.

C.Wewastemorevegetablesthanmeat.

D.Wehavegoodreasonsforwastingfood.

2.Whatisaconsequenceoffoodwasteaccordingtothetext?

A.Moraldecline. B.Environmentalharm.

C.Energyshortage. D.Worldwidestarvation.

3.WhatdoesCurtin'scompanydo?

A.Itproduceskitchenequipment. B.Itturnsrottenarugulaintocleanfuel.

C.Ithelpslocalfarmersgrowfruits. D.Itmakesmealsoutofunwantedfood.

4.WhatdoesCurtinsuggestpeopledo?

A.Buyonlywhatisneeded. B.Reducefoodconsumption.

C.Goshoppingonceaweek. D.Eatinrestaurantslessoften.3.（2022年新高考）

Theelderlyresidents(居民)incarehomesinLondonarebeinggivenhenstolookaftertostopthemfeelinglonely.

Theprojectwasdreamedupbyalocalcharity(慈善組織)toreducelonelinessandimproveelderlypeople'swellbeing.Itisalsobeingusedtohelppatientssufferingdementia,aseriousillnessofthemind.Staffincarehomeshavereportedareductionintheuseofmedicinewherehensareinuse.

Amongthosetakingpartintheprojectis80-year-oldRuthXavier.Shesaid:"IusedtokeephenswhenIwasyoungerandhadtopreparetheirbreakfasteachmorningbeforeIwenttoschool.

"Iliketheprojectalot.Iamdownthereinmywheelchairinthemorninglettingthehensoutanddownthereagainatnighttoseethey'vegonetobed.

"It'sgoodtohaveadifferentfocus.Peoplehavebeenbringingtheirchildrenintoseethehensandresidentscomeandsitoutsidetowatchthem.I'menjoyingthecreativeactivities,anditfeelsgreattohavedonesomethinguseful."

Therearenow700elderlypeoplelookingafterhensin20carehomesintheNorthEast,andthecharityhasbeengivenfinancialsupporttorollitoutcountrywide.

WendyWilson,extracaremanagerat60PenfoldStreet,oneofthefirsttoembarkontheproject,said:"Residentsreallywelcometheideaoftheprojectandthecreativesessions.Wearelookingforwardtothebenefitsandfuntheprojectcanbringtopeoplehere."

LynnLewis,directorofNottingHillPathways,said:"Wearehappytobetakingpartintheproject.Itwillreallyhelpconnectourresidentsthroughasharedinterestandcreativeactivities."

1.Whatisthepurposeoftheproject?

A.Toensureharmonyincarehomes. B.Toprovidepart-timejobsfortheaged.

C.Toraisemoneyformedicalresearch. D.Topromotetheelderlypeople'swelfare.

2.HowhastheprojectaffectedRuthXavier?

A.Shehaslearnednewlifeskills. B.Shehasgainedasenseofachievement.

C.Shehasrecoveredhermemory. D.Shehasdevelopedastrongpersonality.

3.Whatdotheunderlinedwords"embarkon"meaninparagraph7?

A.Improve. B.Oppose. C.Begin. D.Evaluate.

4.Whatcanwelearnabouttheprojectfromthelasttwoparagraphs?

A.Itiswellreceived. B.Itneedstobemorecreative.

C.Itishighlyprofitable. D.Ittakesagestoseetheresults.二、考情分析I社會文化類文化類文章的選材一般以中西方文化差異或者社會文化現(xiàn)象為重點(diǎn)，如禮儀、語言、生活習(xí)慣，價(jià)值觀等，題材涉及社會、文化、教育、體育等方面的內(nèi)容。體裁以議論文、記敘文居多，但是也有說明文。而且往往一篇文章表達(dá)一個(gè)主題。文化類閱讀理解的設(shè)題一般都是以考查文章的細(xì)節(jié)為主，兼顧考查考生推理判斷的能力。因此，考生答題時(shí)要能準(zhǔn)確定位，根據(jù)試題要求到文章中去尋找相應(yīng)的答案。做這類題時(shí)，考生的英語語言知識和社會常識都發(fā)揮著重要的作用，遇到熟悉的題材時(shí)，若對題目把握不準(zhǔn)，考生可以在立足文章內(nèi)容的基礎(chǔ)上結(jié)合社會常識來解答此類題。對英語語言、社會、文化的了解是一個(gè)長期的過程，在復(fù)習(xí)時(shí)要注意：1.增加英語詞匯量、掌握語法和習(xí)慣用法。在復(fù)習(xí)過程中加強(qiáng)對語言基礎(chǔ)知識的掌握。普通中學(xué)畢業(yè)生應(yīng)具備2000~3500的詞匯量，并掌握其詞類、意思和基本用法。掌握句子結(jié)構(gòu)和句子成分之間的關(guān)系。熟悉固定詞組、固定搭配等約定俗成的語法項(xiàng)目。2.擴(kuò)大知識面，認(rèn)真研讀歷屆高考題。從近年的高考題看，閱讀內(nèi)容的社會實(shí)用性越來越強(qiáng)，更重視語言和文化的關(guān)系，閱讀材料會更多地涉及社會文化背景知識，因此，要閱讀更多關(guān)于社會文化背景知識的內(nèi)容，通過閱讀豐富自己的知識。同時(shí)，要認(rèn)真研讀近五年的高考篇目，增加語言經(jīng)驗(yàn)，適應(yīng)選材特點(diǎn)，熟悉題材和體裁，了解設(shè)問形式，感悟設(shè)問特點(diǎn)。II科普知識類從文章的體裁看，這類文章一般都是說明文，通過對某種自然現(xiàn)象、某項(xiàng)科學(xué)研究、某個(gè)最新發(fā)現(xiàn)等的詳細(xì)描述，讓大家認(rèn)識、了解某方面的科學(xué)知識，并學(xué)會在生活中運(yùn)用這種知識。有時(shí)候科普知識類文章的體裁也可能為記敘文，通常敘述與某項(xiàng)發(fā)明或發(fā)現(xiàn)相關(guān)的人物及事件?？破罩R類文章的設(shè)題一般都以考查文章的細(xì)節(jié)為主。因此，答題時(shí)，只要抓住主要信息，仔細(xì)比較題目與原文信息的異同，一般便可以作出正確選擇。不過，這類題目的文章往往專業(yè)性較強(qiáng)，專業(yè)術(shù)語多，閱讀起來較為困難，但是，這類題目的命題一般都很簡單，且生詞不會影響考生做題。因此，做題時(shí)要學(xué)會“跳讀”，即要跳過有些不影響做題和理解文章內(nèi)容的生詞，只要抓住核心詞句即可。III人物故事類這類文章一般可分為人物傳記和短篇故事兩類。人物傳記主要涉及某人的生平事跡、趣聞軼事、生活背景、個(gè)性特征、成長和奮斗歷程等，其特點(diǎn)是以時(shí)間的先后或事件的發(fā)展為主線，脈絡(luò)清楚，可讀性較強(qiáng)。短篇故事與人物傳記不同的是，這類文章一般描述的是某一件具體事情的發(fā)生、發(fā)展或結(jié)局有人物、時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)和事件。人物故事類文章一般較長，題目多為細(xì)節(jié)理解題和推理判斷題?？忌谧龃祟愰喿x理解題時(shí)往往有材料看得懂但題目不好做的感覺。因此，考生在閱讀文章時(shí)要把重點(diǎn)放在事情發(fā)展的過程和結(jié)果進(jìn)程及人物之間的關(guān)系、細(xì)節(jié)與主題的關(guān)系及用以說明人物性格特點(diǎn)的事實(shí)、作者的態(tài)度等，這些內(nèi)容往往是推理判斷題的命題點(diǎn)。掌握了這些內(nèi)容，考生在做推理判斷題時(shí)，就不會以個(gè)人思維想象代替根據(jù)文章事實(shí)進(jìn)行合乎邏輯的推理判斷，也只有這樣才不會以偏概全。至于細(xì)節(jié)理解題的解答，考生切忌想當(dāng)然或者憑印象，一定要找到文章中的原句和題干進(jìn)行比較，再做出正確選擇。IV應(yīng)用廣告類高考廣告類短文貼近學(xué)生生活，如學(xué)習(xí)、旅游、保健、購物、招生、招聘、餐飲、網(wǎng)絡(luò)交流等，這類短文有以下幾個(gè)特點(diǎn)：（1）篇幅短小，形式靈活，信息量大。無論整篇廣告還是數(shù)則廣告，都很短小精悍，但其中的信息可能較多甚至較為紛繁。（2）用詞和句法簡練。廣告用詞筒單，句法以簡單句為主，目的是讓讀者一目了然，很快捕捉到信息。（3）專有名詞和縮略詞多。廣告涉及的商品和活動以及人物等經(jīng)常以專有名詞出現(xiàn)，而時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)等經(jīng)常以縮略詞出現(xiàn)。（4）生詞多。廣告涉及領(lǐng)城眾多、涉及面廣，因此會有生詞，但往往不影響閱讀。廣告類短文的試題多是以獲取信息為主的細(xì)節(jié)理解題，即考查考生對廣告具體細(xì)節(jié)的了解、分析和概括等能力。閱讀此類短文需要考生具備較好的skimming（略讀）和scanning（細(xì)查）的閱讀技能，即快速讀懂文章大意和尋找目標(biāo)信息。1.題干定位法：先閱讀題干，然后根據(jù)問題按照題目順序有針對性地結(jié)合題干中的關(guān)鍵詞到文中定位，閱讀相關(guān)部分并快速尋找有效信息，再將原文和選項(xiàng)進(jìn)行比較。當(dāng)問題與原文材料相同的時(shí)候，對號入座；如果問題與原文不同，則可以同義替換、歸納事實(shí)等。2.補(bǔ)全成分法：省略詞和省略句在應(yīng)用文中大量出現(xiàn)。對于影響語境理解的省略情況，應(yīng)將省略句補(bǔ)全，從而更加準(zhǔn)確地理解其意思。3.信息再加工法：主要用于詞義或句意推測題以及涉及數(shù)字轉(zhuǎn)換的推理判斷題。需要對原文相關(guān)信息作正確理解，并通過推理判斷或計(jì)算對信息進(jìn)行再加工。V生態(tài)環(huán)保類高考題中，常見的熱門題材主要有：人與自然的和諧發(fā)展，人與自然的生態(tài)現(xiàn)狀和未來發(fā)展，環(huán)保的生活方式，生態(tài)旅游，生態(tài)農(nóng)業(yè)等?？忌谄綍r(shí)學(xué)習(xí)中要有關(guān)注熱點(diǎn)環(huán)保題材的意識，把握環(huán)保新潮流，留心相關(guān)題材的文章特點(diǎn)，這樣在做這類題時(shí)才會得心應(yīng)手。VI史地常識類史地常識類文章通常介紹歷史事件、異域風(fēng)光等。在選材方面，多選擇說英語的國家的主要名勝歷史事件等。在設(shè)題方面，通常以細(xì)節(jié)題為主，同時(shí)也有一定的主觀推斷題。命題的形式通常多樣，可能涉及圖表題、數(shù)字計(jì)算題、排序題、表格題等。對此類試題，要特別注意積累與西方社會的風(fēng)土人情、社交活動、風(fēng)俗習(xí)慣及歷史事件有關(guān)的專業(yè)英語常識。平時(shí)養(yǎng)成讀書看報(bào)的習(xí)慣，勤于積累，提高文化素質(zhì)，掌握已經(jīng)考過的英語常識試題，在此基礎(chǔ)上，進(jìn)一步豐富常識。此外，要掌握必要的解題技巧，考生可運(yùn)用英語學(xué)科知識，聯(lián)系有關(guān)的歷史地理知識，從材料中抓住關(guān)鍵詞，獲取和解讀有效信息，分析歷史、地理試題的內(nèi)涵和外延，并結(jié)合選項(xiàng)進(jìn)行甄別、篩選，做出綜合思考和理性的判斷，從而選出最符合題意要求的選項(xiàng)。VII新聞報(bào)道類新聞報(bào)道類文章都具有時(shí)代性，材料反映當(dāng)代社會的某個(gè)方面。新聞報(bào)道類文章要點(diǎn)突出，主題鮮明；一般來說，看文章的首段或者首句便可知全文的主要內(nèi)容，如時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、人物等；新聞報(bào)道類文章清楚地告知讀者when，where，who，what，how等內(nèi)容。1.泛讀各類文章，積累背景知識。做閱讀時(shí)，背景知識對閱讀理解水平有著重要的影響。因此，考生對文章內(nèi)容的熟悉程度有時(shí)要比其本身的語言水平更重要。所以考生在復(fù)習(xí)迎考時(shí)，要有針對性地選讀一些有關(guān)各學(xué)科知識的文章，留意各類評論性文章，增加一些背景知識，有意識地強(qiáng)化記憶有關(guān)詞匯，以便能理解考試中將會遇到的各種內(nèi)容的文章，從而達(dá)到事半功倍的效果。2.重視文章的首段、首句。一般來說，根據(jù)文章第一段或者僅僅根據(jù)第一句話便可知全文的主要內(nèi)容，如事件、時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、人物等。3.在閱讀中要忽略人名、地名，不要被這些專有名詞弄亂自己的思路和情緒，但要理清地點(diǎn)的位置及人物之間的關(guān)系4.做題時(shí)要先讀問題，再讀文章，之后再回歸問題。三、變式訓(xùn)練4.

Amanwholostallmovementbelowtheneckafteraseriousinjuryin2007wasfinallyabletowriteagain—withhismind.

StanfordUniversityresearchersusedartificialintelligencesoftwareandabrain-computerinterface(接口)tohelpthemantocommunicatewithothersbytext,accordingtoastudypublishedWednesdayinNature.

Dr.JaimieHenderson,professorofneurosurgeryatStanford,implantedtwomicrochipsthesizeofbabyaspirin(阿司匹林)about1millimeterintotheman'sbrainin2017.Thechipscanrecordmovementinthemotorcortex,thepartofthebrainthatcontrolshandmovement.

Whenthemanimaginedhewasusinghishandtowriteonanotebook,thecomputertransferredhisthoughtsintotextonacomputerscreen."Thisapproachallowedapersonwithparalysis(癱瘓)tocomposesentencesatspeedsnearlycomparabletothoseofable-bodiedadultsofthesameagetypingonasmartphone,"Hendersonsaid."Thegoalistorestoretheabilitytocommunicatebytext."

ThemanwhowasreferredtoonlyasT5inthestudytextedatarateofabout18wordsperminute.Apersonofthesameagewithfulluseoftheirhandscantextatanaverageof23wordsperminuteonasmartphone.Hiserrorratewasaboutonemistakeevery18or19attemptedcharacters.Whenresearchersusedanautocorrectfunction,similartomostsmartphones,errorratesdecreasedbelow1%whenhewasaskedtocopytextandslightlymorethan2%whenhewasaskedtowritesomethingoriginal.

Studyauthorsareexcitednotonlyaboutthebreakthroughtechnologybutaboutwhattheirdiscoverymeansforfutureresearch.Researchershopethetechnologycouldbeadaptedtoallowpeoplewhocan'ttalktomakeconversationthroughwriting.Moreworkneedstobedonebeforethestudy'sresultscanbesuccessfullytransferredintoreal-worldapplications,suchasatablet,smartphoneorcomputer.1.Whatisthepurposeofthefirstparagraph?

A.Totellthesituationoftheman. B.Toattractreaderstogoonreading.

C.Toletreadersfeelsorryfortheman. D.Tocomparethemanwithothernormalpeople.

2.Whichisnecessaryforthetechnology?

A.Aphone. B.Medicine. C.Acomputer. D.Anotebook.

3.Whatistheresultofthetechnology?

A.Itissuccessful. B.Itisforbidden.

C.Ithasnoadvantageatall. D.Itmakesbusinessmenexcited.

4.Whatcanbeconcludedfromthelastparagraph?

A.Thistechnologyisavailableinrealworld.

B.Thistechnologycanhelppeoplefeelexcited.

C.Itwillneedlongtimetospreadthetechnology.

D.Peoplemaynolongerneedtheabilitytotalkinthefuture.5.

Lightningcouldbeamuchmoreimportantatmosphericcleanserthanpreviouslythought,accordingtoanewanalysisofhistoricalmeasurementsgatheredfromastorm-chasingairplanebackin2012datawhichwereoriginallythoughttobeinaccurate.

Whilesomeoftheair-cleaningqualitiesoflightningarealreadywellunderstood—inparticularthecreationofnitricoxide(氧化亞氮)andhydroxide(氫氧化物)thatcanwashoutvariousgreenhousegasesfromthesky—there'salotmoregoingonhere,accordingtothenewresearch.

Itappearsthatbothlightningandtheweaker,invisibleelectricalchargesaroundthemcanproducethepollutant-catchingoxidantshydroxyl(OH)andhydroperoxyl(HO2),whichcanalsoremovesomepollutedgasessuchasmethaneandcarbonmonoxidefromtheatmosphere.

These2012readingsweretakenfromaNASAplaneflyingoverColoradoandOklahoma,measuringthetoppartofstormclouds.Therecentanalysis,plusdatagatheredonthegroundatthesametime,showedthatthelightningwasindeedproducingthesehighlevelsofoxidants(氧化劑).

Aseriesoflabexperimentsbackeduptheideathatbothvisiblelightningandinvisibleelectricalchargesintheaircouldproduceextremeamountsofoxidantshydroxyl(OH)andhydroperoxyl(HO2).It'sworthbearinginmindthatmostlightningstormsneverstriketheground,butareneverthelesssettingoffalotofchemicalreactionsintheclouds.

Atthemoment,thehydroxylandhydroperoxylproducedbylightningisn'tincludedinatmosphericmodeling—aneglectthatcouldbesignificant.

"Throughhistory,peoplewereonlyinterestedinlightningstormsbecauseofwhattheycoulddoontheground,"saysBrune."Nowthereisincreasinginterestintheweakerelectricaldischargesinthunderstormsthatleadtocleantheatmosphere."

There'salotofuncertaintyinthedata,theresearchersadmit—mostlybecausetheirdataisfromasmallpartoftheworldoveralimitedtimeframe—buttheyguessthatbetween2-16percentofglobalatmosphericoxidationcouldbecausedbylightningstorms.1.Whycanthelightningcleantheair?

A.Itusuallygoeswithrain. B.Itcanproducemoreoxygen.

C.Itcanremovesomegreenhousegases. D.Itdealswiththedirtydustandpollutedair.

2.Howdidtheresearchersgettheconclusion?

A.Byusingothers'report. B.Bycomparingsomedata.

C.Bydoingresearchinthelab. D.Bystudyingthepreviousdata.

3.Whatisthedisadvantageoftheresearch?

A.Itisnotall-sided. B.Itisnotthelatest.

C.Itisdoneontheground. D.Itisonlyaboutatmosphere.

4.Whichcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?

A.TheAtmosphereisGettingPolluted

B.LightningisDangerousforHumanBeings

C.ScientistsFindChemicalReactionsintheClouds

D.LightningHelpstheAtmosphereCleanItself6.

IfyouarelongingforahikeinAlaskaandaren'tsurewheretostart,hereareourfavorites.There'ssomethingforalllevelsofskillandambition.TheKenaiRiverTrail

AhalfmiledownthistrailarewonderfulviewsoftheKenaiRiverCanyon.Therearereallytwotrailheads(小道的起點(diǎn));themain"upper"trailstartsatmile0.6ofSkilakLakeRd,andtheotheratmile2.3.ADallsheepoverlookstheTurnagainArm.TurnagainArmTrail

This11-milehikebeginsatPotterTrailhead(Mile115).InitiallyusedbyAlaskaNatives,thetrail,canalsobeaccessibletopointsalongtheway:McHughCreek(Mile112),Rainbow(Mile108)andWindy(Mile107).IditarodNationalHistoricTrail

TheNationalHistoricIditarodTrailisa24-milehikeusedbygoldminersandsled-dogteamsuntil1918,whentheAlaskaRailroadwasfinished.It'satwo-to-threedayhikethroughsuperbmountainscenerytoGirdwood(whereit'sknownastheCrowPassTrail),andistheregion'sbestbackpackadventure.

PutupatentatEchoBend(Mile3),orrentoneoftwoyurts(氈房)($65pernight)closeby.ForashorteroutingyoucanturnaroundatthePerch,thenreturntotheDewMoundTrailatEchoBendandthentotheNatureCenter,makingthisascenic8-miletrip.ReedLakesTrail

Twoalpinelakes,waterfalls,glaciersandtoweringgranite(花崗巖)walls:the7-to-9-mileReedLakesTrailisoneofthemostwonderfulhikesintheregion,andworththeclimb.OnceyoureachupperReedLake,continue1miletoBomberGlacier,wheretheruinofaB-29bomberliesinmemorialtosixmenwhodiedina1957crash.1.WhichofthefollowingwasoriginallyusedbyAlaskaNatives?

A.TheKenaiRiverTrail. B.TurnagainArmTrail.

C.IditarodNationalHistoricTrail. D.ReedLakesTrail.

2.Atwhichplacecanhikerssetupatent?

A.Girdwood. B.PotterTrailhead.

C.EchoBend. D.TurnagainArm.

3.WhatwillvisitorsseeatBomberGlacier?

A.Amemorialtosixheroes. B.Atowermadeofgranite.

C.TheruinofaB-29bomber. D.Oneofthemostgorgeouswaterfalls.7.

MynameisJacobCramer.IamafreshmanatOrangeHighSchool.

In2013,IfoundedanorganizationcalledLoveForTheElderly.Manyelderlypeoplehavenoonetocareforthem,noonetolookafterthem,noonetolovethem.Theelderlyhavepavedthepathwayofsuccessformygeneration.Theydeservetobeshownappreciationandkindnessbutareoftenignored.

Iamsureallofyouhavesomeoneinyourheartwhohasbeenatanursinghome.ThinkofthemwhileIsaythis:theydeservethebestandnothingbutthebest.Theelderlyaresuchanoutstandinggroup,andtheirwisdomcanmostdefinitelybelearnedfrom.Thisideaofappreciatingtheelderlyreverberated(回響)insidemyheaduntilfinally,Idecideditwastimetostepupandmakeadifference.

Mypassionforwritingledmetocreateanorganization,wherepeoplefromallacrosstheglobesendlettersfilledwithkindnessandjoy,fromIceland,Romania,Finland,Australia,andmore.Ithensendtheseletterstoseniorcenters,nursinghomes,andretirementcommunitieslocatedallacrossthecountry.Tothisdate,Ihavecollectedover1000letters,andtheresponseIhavereceivedhasbeentrulyunbelievable.

Thispastmonth,Ihadtheopportunity(機(jī)會)toreceive$100fromKindSpringthroughtheirmonthlykindnesscontesttohelpmyorganization.Thismoneyhasbeenofgreathelp.Wedonotreceivemuchmoney,andsoithelpedtopayformanycosts,includingpostageandenvelopes.Thisgestureofkindnesshasbeenverybeneficialtomyorganization,andIcouldnotbemoreappreciative.ThankyousomuchtoKindSpringforthisamazingopportunity.Ifanyofyouwouldliketogetinvolvedinmyorganization,pleasevisit.1.Whatdoestheauthortellusabouttheelderly'slife?

A.Allareinbadcondition. B.Mostgetlittleloveorcare.

C.Afewliveasuccessfullife. D.Theyappreciateothers'kindness.

2.Whichofthefollowingcanbestdescribetheauthor?

A.Outgoingandhonest. B.Aggressivebutcareful.

C.Ambitiousandkind. D.Consideratebutsilent.

3.WhydoestheauthormentionKindSpring?

A.Toadvertisefortheorganization. B.Toappealtootherstodonatemoney.

C.Toshowmeanbehaviorsoftheorganization. D.Toexpresshisthankstotheorganization.

4.Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?

A.VolunteerinSeniorCenters—YourChoice.

B.LovefortheElderly—aChancetoShowKindness

C.StayAloneafterRetirement—theElderly'sSuffering

D.LetterstoParents—theWayofExpressingLove8.

TheaveragetemperatureonEarthisnow1℃hotterthanitwasinthelate1800s,andthattemperaturewillkeeprisingtowardtheserious1.5℃standardoverthenextfiveyears,accordingtoanewreport.

TheauthorsofthenewreportpredictthattheaverageannualtemperatureonEarthwilltemporarilyhit1.5℃ofwarmingatsomepointinthenextfiveyears."Thatpossibilityhasdoubledsincelastyear.We'reseeingincreasingchangeinourclimate,"saysRandallCerveny,aclimatescientistatArizonaStateUniversity.

Topping1.5℃ofwarminginasingleyearwouldn'tbreaktheParisAgreement.Butwitheverypassingyearofrisinggreenhousegasemissions(排放),itbecomesmorelikelythathumanswillcausecatastrophicwarming.Thereportcalculatesthere'sa90%chancethatoneofthenextfiveyearswillbethewarmestyearonrecord."Itisyetanotherwakeupcallthattheworldneedstospeedupcommitmentstoslashgreenhousegasemissions,"WMOSecretary-GeneralPetteriTaalassaidinastatement.

IftheU.S.followsthroughonnewpromisestoreduceitsgreenhousegasemissions,itwouldhelplimitglobalwarmingtosomeextent,althoughothercountriesincludingChinawouldalsoneedtoreducetheiremissionsinthenext10years.

InApril,theU.S.promisedtocuttheemissionsinhalfby2030comparedwith2005levels.Mostofthosecutswouldneedtocomefromelectricitygenerationandtransportation.Meanwhile,thefossilfuelindustryisseeingmorepressuretoinvest(投資)incleanenergy.OnWednesday,aDutchcourtorderedRoyalDutchShelltocutitscarbonemissionsmorequickly,althoughthecompanysaysitexpectstoappealthedecision.Andasmallactivisthedgefund(對沖基金會)successfullyplacedatleasttwonewcandidatesonExxonMobil'sboardofdirectors,withthegoalofpushingthecompanytotakeclimatechangemoreseriously.1.WhatcanwelearnfromRandallCerveny?

A.Climatechangebecomesmoreserious. B.Thepredictionaboutclimateisindoubt.

C.Theexpertsthinklittleofclimatechange. D.Theaverageannualtemperaturedoubledlastyear.

2.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"slash"inparagraph3mean?

A.Reduce. B.Avoid. C.Measure. D.Forbid.

3.Whatcanweinferfromparagraph4?

A.Americafailstocutgreenhousegasemissions.

B.Othercountrieshavehelpedlimitglobalwarming.

C.ChinadeterminestofollowAmerica'sexample.

D.Americaplaysaroleinglobalgreenhousegasemissions.

4.WhathappenedtoRoyalDutchShellaccordingtothelastparagraph?

A.Itwaschargedwithairpollution.

B.Itbroughtpressuretoglobalwarming.

C.Itwasaskedtoquickenthecutofcarbonemissions.

D.Itdevotedtoreducinggreenhousegasemissions.

答案以及解析1.答案：1-3CBA解析：1.推斷。題干問的是"這篇文章可能節(jié)選自哪里"。瀏覽全文可知,本文介紹了文學(xué)入門這門課程的評分原則,由此可推知,本文可能節(jié)選自一個(gè)課程計(jì)劃,故選C項(xiàng)。

2.理解具體信息。題干問的是"學(xué)生的期末成績由幾部分組成"。根據(jù)文中的"Essays(60%)""GroupAssignments(30%)""DailyWork/In-ClassWritingsandTests/GroupWork/Homework(10%)"可知,學(xué)生的期末成績由三部分組成。故選B項(xiàng)。

3.理解具體信息。題干問的是"如果你在截止日期過后一周才提交文章會發(fā)生什么"。根據(jù)題干可將解題信息定位于文章的最后一部分,根據(jù)"Ifitisnotturnedinbythe4thdayaftertheduedate,itwillearnazero"(如果沒有在截止日期后的第4天之前上交,你將會得到零分)可知,如果你在截止日期過后一周才上交,你的成績將會是零分。故選A項(xiàng)。2.答案：1-4BBDA解析：1.理解具體信息。題干問的是"作者想要通過講芝麻菜的故事表達(dá)什么?"。根據(jù)題干可將解題信息定位于文章的第一段。根據(jù)第一段的最后一句可知,更糟糕的是,作者不假思索地買了太多東西;作者本可以用扔掉的東西做六份沙拉。由此可知,我們有時(shí)會無意中浪費(fèi)食物。故選B項(xiàng)。

2.理解具體信息。題干問的是"根據(jù)文本內(nèi)容,食物浪費(fèi)的一個(gè)后果是什么?"。根據(jù)題干可將解題信息定位于文章的第三段。根據(jù)第三段第一句可知,生產(chǎn)沒人吃的食物會浪費(fèi)種植食物所消耗的水、燃料和其他資源,這使得食物浪費(fèi)成為一個(gè)環(huán)境問題。由此可知,食物浪費(fèi)的一個(gè)后果是環(huán)境危害。故選B項(xiàng)。

3.推斷。題干問的是"Curtin的公司是做什么的?"。根據(jù)題干可將解題信息定位于文章的第四段。根據(jù)第四段中的"CurtinisCEO...rottedinfields"可知,該公司回收食物并將其轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)榻】凳称贰Ｋㄟ^接受捐贈和收集有瑕疵的農(nóng)產(chǎn)品,回收了超過807500磅的食物,否則這些農(nóng)產(chǎn)品會在地里腐爛。由此可推知,Curtin的公司把一些人們不需要的東西變成可以吃的健康食物。故選D項(xiàng)。

4.推斷。題干問的是"Curtin建議人們做什么?"。根據(jù)題干可將解題信息定位于文章的最后一段。根據(jù)最后一段中Curtin說的話可推知,Curtin建議人們減少食物浪費(fèi)。故選A項(xiàng)。3.答案：1-4DBCA解析：1.理解目的。題干問的是"這個(gè)項(xiàng)目的目的是什么?"。根據(jù)題干我們可以定位到文章的第二段,根據(jù)第二段的內(nèi)容可知,該項(xiàng)目由當(dāng)?shù)匾患掖壬茩C(jī)構(gòu)構(gòu)想,旨在減少老人的孤獨(dú)感,改善其健康狀況。故選D項(xiàng)。

2.理解具體信息。題干問的是"這個(gè)項(xiàng)目是如何影響RuthXavier的?"。根據(jù)題干我們可以定位到文章的第五段,根據(jù)第五段RuthXavier說的對這個(gè)項(xiàng)目的感受"我很享受這些有創(chuàng)意的活動,做一些有用的事情的感覺很好"可知,她從這個(gè)項(xiàng)目中獲得了成就感。故選B項(xiàng)。

3.理解詞匯。題干問的是"第七段畫線部分'embarkon'是什么意思?"。根據(jù)題干我們可以定位到文章的第七段,根據(jù)第七段WendyWilson的話"居民們非常歡迎這個(gè)項(xiàng)目和創(chuàng)意會議的想法。我們期待這個(gè)項(xiàng)目能給這里的人們帶來好處和樂趣"并結(jié)合畫線部分可推知,畫線部分所在句的意思是"第一批開始這個(gè)項(xiàng)目的組織之一",因此畫線部分的意思為"開始",故選C項(xiàng)。

4.推斷。題干問的是"從最后兩段我們可以了解到關(guān)于這個(gè)項(xiàng)目的什么信息?"。根據(jù)題干我們可以定位到文章的最后兩段,最后兩段講述了一些組織參與到這個(gè)項(xiàng)目的感受。根據(jù)WendyWilson和LynnLewis兩位負(fù)責(zé)人說的話可知,這個(gè)項(xiàng)目得到了好評。故選A項(xiàng)。4.答案：1-4BCAC解析：1.目的意圖題。根據(jù)第一段"Amanwholostallmovementbelowtheneckafteraseriousinjuryin2007wasfinallyabletowriteagain—withhismind."可知,一位在2007年受重傷后頸部以下完全失去了活動能力的男子終于能夠用他的大腦重新寫字了。由此可推知,第一段的目的是吸引讀者的興趣,讓讀者繼續(xù)閱讀。故選B。

2.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段中的"StanfordUniversityresearchersusedartificialintelligencesoftwareandabrain-computerinterface(接口)tohelpthemantocommunicatewithothers"以及第四段第一句"Whenthemanimaginedhewasusinghishandtowriteonanotebook,thecomputertransferredhisthoughtsintotextonacomputerscreen."可知,斯坦福大學(xué)的研究人員使用人工智能軟件和腦機(jī)接口來幫助這位男土與其他人交流。當(dāng)這個(gè)人想象自己正在用手在記事本上寫字時(shí),電腦就會把他的想法轉(zhuǎn)化成電腦屏幕上的文字。由此可推知,電腦是該技術(shù)中必要的設(shè)備。故選C。

3.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第五段內(nèi)容和最后一段第一句"Studyauthorsareexcitednotonlyaboutthebreakthroughtechnologybutaboutwhattheirdiscoverymeansforfutureresearch."可知,研究人員不僅因這項(xiàng)突破性技術(shù)而興奮不已,還因?yàn)樗麄兊陌l(fā)現(xiàn)對于未來研究的意義而激動。由此可推知,該技術(shù)是一項(xiàng)很成功的技術(shù)。故選A。

4.推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段最后一句"Moreworkneedstobedonebeforethestudy'sresultscanbesuccessfullytransferredintoreal-worldapplications,suchasatablet,smartphoneorcomputer."可知,在這項(xiàng)研究成果成功地轉(zhuǎn)向現(xiàn)實(shí)世界中平板電腦、智能手機(jī)或電腦等設(shè)備的應(yīng)用之前,還有更多的工作要做。由此可推知,廣泛推廣該技術(shù)仍然需要很長的時(shí)間。故選C。5.答案：1-4CBAD解析：1.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段第一句中的"inparticularthecreationofnitricoxide(氧化亞氮)andhydroxide(氫氧化物)thatcanwashoutvariousgreenhousegasesfromthesky"可知,閃電中生成的氧化亞