高中英語動詞不定式的用法詳解

高中英語動詞不定式的用法詳解。第一頁，共34頁。DoyoubelieveIcanflylikeabird?第一頁第二頁，共34頁。HowcanyoubelieveIcanflylikeabird?_______istobelieve.It’simpossibleforhumans_________________now.Toseetoflylikeabird第二頁第三頁，共34頁。結(jié)構(gòu):todo;(否定)nottodo二.

時態(tài)與語態(tài)主動語態(tài)被動語態(tài)一般式進(jìn)行式完成式完成進(jìn)行式不定式

todo

tobedone

tobedoing

tohavedone

tohavebeendone

tohavebeendoing--------------------第三頁第四頁，共34頁。(1).Theypretendednottoseeus.(2).Hepretendedtobesleeping.(3).Shepretendedtohaveknownitbefore.(一般式表示與謂語的動作同時/幾乎同時/發(fā)生在它之后.)(進(jìn)行式表示在謂語動詞發(fā)生的同時,不定式的動作也正在進(jìn)行)(完成式表示動作發(fā)生在謂語動作之前)(4).We’rehappytohavebeenworkingwith

you.(完成進(jìn)行式表示謂語動作發(fā)生之前,不定式的動作一直在進(jìn)行而且可能之后也繼續(xù))第四頁第五頁，共34頁。1.作主語2.作賓語3.作賓語補(bǔ)足語4.作定語5.作狀語6.作表語7.作獨立成分8.與疑問詞等連用第五頁第六頁，共34頁。(1).不定式作主語時,往往放在謂語之后,用it作形式主語.Toseeistobelieve.It’simpossibleforhumanstoflylikeabirdnow.第六頁第七頁，共34頁。Myjobto________________.Yourtaskto_____________.isis(2).不定式作表語protecttheworld.第七頁第八頁，共34頁。Helikesto______________.Ifinditstillnecessary(forhim)

to___________ifhewantstowin.(3)不定式作賓語playbasketball句型：think/consider/findit+adj.+todo第八頁第九頁，共34頁。常接動詞不定式作賓語的動詞有：agree,afford,appear,ask,attempt；care,choose,claim；dare,decide,demand,deserve,determine；expect,fail,get,guarantee；hate,hesitate,hope,hurry；intend,learn,manage,offer,plan,prepare,pretend,promise；refuse,seem,tend,threaten；want,wish等+todo。第九頁第十頁，共34頁。Theteachertoldmeto____________

Iexpectyouto____________.

(4).不定式作賓補(bǔ)handinmypapers第十頁第十一頁，共34頁。Theteachertoldmetocleantheblackboard.Iexpectyoutogivemesomehelp.引導(dǎo)不定式作賓補(bǔ)的動詞：五看

watchsee

lookat

observe

notice三使

let

make

have

二聽

listento

hear一感覺:

feelWarn,tell,allow,help,ask,force等+sbtodosth+sbdosth（省略to）第十一頁第十二頁，共34頁。Imadehimdohiswork.Hewasmadetodohiswork(byme).變成被動，被省略的to要還原。不定式用在介詞but,except,besides后時,如果這些介詞前有行為動詞do的各種形式,那么介詞后的不定式不帶to,相反則帶to.(1).Shecoulddonothingbutcry.(2).Ihavenochoicebuttogo.Note1Note2第十二頁第十三頁，共34頁。Ihavesomethingtosay,butmybrotherhasalotofhomework_____,soIamlookingforsomeone__________.(5).不定式作定語不定式作定語時，應(yīng)放在被修飾詞的后面，而且放在其他后置定語之后。第十三頁第十四頁，共34頁。1.作定語的不定式如果是不及物動詞，或者不定式所修飾的名詞或代詞是不定式動作的地點、工具等，不定式后面須有相應(yīng)的介詞。Heislookingforaroomtolivein.2.不定式所修飾的名詞如果是time,place或way，不定式后面的介詞習(xí)慣上要省去。Hehadnomoneyandnoplacetolivein.第十四頁第十五頁，共34頁。3.something,anything,nothing,everything等復(fù)合不定代詞常用不定式做后置定語。注意比較：1)Haveyouanythingtosend?你有什么東西要寄嗎？2)Haveyouanythingtobesent?你有什么要（我或別人）寄的東西嗎？

（不定式tosend的動作執(zhí)行者是you）（不定式tobesent的動作執(zhí)行者是已被省略的me或someoneelse）第十五頁第十六頁，共34頁。Igotupearlyto______________.

Icamehereto___________.(6)不定式作狀語inorderto,soasto,enoughto,onlyto,too….to.,catchthetrain第十六頁第十七頁，共34頁。Totellthetruth,Iamnothappyatthemoment.(7).獨立結(jié)構(gòu)tobefrank,tobehonest,totellthetruth第十七頁第十八頁，共34頁。Hedidn’tknow____________.(8).與疑問詞等連用whattosay第十八頁第十九頁，共34頁。不定式與疑問詞who,which,when,how,what等連用，在句中起名詞作用，可充當(dāng)主語、表語、賓語等。Hedidn’tknowwhattosay.(賓語)Howtosolvetheproblemisveryimportant.(主語)Myquestioniswhentostart.(表語)注意：在與why連用時，只用于why或whynot開頭的簡短疑問句中，后面緊跟的動詞不定式不帶to。

Whynothavearest?第十九頁第二十頁，共34頁。(9)不定式的省略(1).不定式中的動詞上文已出現(xiàn)過,下文要省略該動詞.e.g.:Wouldyouliketogowithme?I’dliketo.(2).不定式是tobe結(jié)構(gòu),be不可省.e.g.:Wouldyouliketobeateacher?I’dliketobe.第二十頁第二十一頁，共34頁。Martysays…2.Ihavelearnedtoadapttomydisability.3.Iusedtoclimbtreesandswimandplayfootball.4.ThenIstartedtogetweakerandweaker.HaveALk1.Thedoctorsdon’tknow…sotheydon’tknowhowtomakemewell.第二十一頁第二十二頁，共34頁。Martysays…HaveALk5.

Evenafterallthetests,noonecouldgivemydiseaseaname,soitisdifficulttoknowwhatthefuturewillbelike.6.Sometimes,Iamtooweaktogotoschool.7.MyambitionistoworkinthecomputerindustrywhenIgrowup.8.LastyearIinvented…andabigcompanyhasdecidedtobuyitfromme.第二十二頁第二十三頁，共34頁。Martysays…HaveALk9.Ihavealotofstudytodoaswell,especiallyafterIhavebeensickforawhile.10.Ihavehadtoworkhardtoliveanormallife,butithasbeenworthit.11.IfIhadthechancetosayonethingtohealthykids,itwouldbethis:…12.Justacceptthemforwhotheyareandgivethemencouragementtoliveasrichandfullalifeasyoudo.介詞第二十三頁第二十四頁，共34頁。Exercise第二十四頁第二十五頁，共34頁。1.Thepatientwaswarned____oilyfoodaftertheoperation.A.toeatnotB.eatingnotC.nottoeatD.noteating2.Iwouldlove____tothepartylastnightbutIhadtoworkextrahourstofinishareport.A.togoB.tohavegoneC.goingD.havinggone3.CharlesBabbageisgenerallyconsidered____thefirstcomputer.A.toinventB.inventingC.tohaveinventedD.havinginvented第二十五頁第二十六頁，共34頁。4.LittleJimshouldlove____tothetheatrethisevening.A.tobetakenB.totakeC.beingtakenD.taking5.____lateintheafternoon,Bobturnedoffthealarm.A.TosleepB.SleepingC.SleepD.Havingsleep6.Theteacheraskedus____somuchnoise.A.don’tmakeB.notmakeC.notmakingD.nottomake第二十六頁第二十七頁，共34頁。7.Pauldoesn’thavetobemade____.Healwaysworkshard.A.learnB.tolearnC.learned D.learning9.Theboywantedtoridehisbicycleinthestreet,buthismothertoldhim____.A.nottoB.nottodoC.nottorideD.donotto第二十七頁第二十八頁，共34頁。10.Robertissaid____abroad,butIdon’tknowwhatcountryhestudiedin.tohavestudiedB.tostudyC.tobestudyingD.tohavebeenstudying11.Thepurposeofnewtechnologiesistomakelifeeasier,____itmoredifficult.notmakeB.nottomakeC.notmakingD.don’tmake12.I’veworkedwithchildrenbefore,soIknowwhat____inmynewjob.expectedB.toexpectC.tobeexpectingD.expects第二十八頁第二十九頁，共34頁。13.Havingatripabroadiscertainlygoodfortheoldcouple,butitremains____whethertheywillenjoyit.A.toseeB.tobeseenC.seeingD.see14.ItissaidinAustraliathereismorelandthanthegovernmentknows____.itwhattodowithB.whattodowithit