跨文化交際superstition-課件

SuperstitionsinChineseandWesterncultureSuperstitionsinChineseandW1ContentWhatissuperstition?Whydoessuperstitionexist?ChinesesuperstitionWesternsuperstitionNowpeople’sviewofsuperstitionContentWhatissuperstition?2whatissuperstition?Abelief,practice,orriteirrationally(不合時宜的儀式)maintainedbyignoranceofthelawsofnatureorbyfaithinmagicorchance.whatissuperstition?Abelief,3Whydoessuperstitionexist?Everyagepaysattentiontothesuperstitionsaccordingtoacertainsubtlefashion,veryoftenknowingnothingabouttheoriginalresourcesfromwhichtheyderived.Superstitionsremainasoutwardexpressionsofthetensionsandanxiousandanxietiesthatholdswayoverhumanityasitstrugglesdownthecorridoroflifefrombirthtodeath,fullofchangeanduncertainty.人類在從生到死的生命長廊里為充滿變數(shù)而又無法預(yù)知的一生進行掙扎的過程中，始終被緊張和焦慮困擾，而迷信的延承正是人類緊張和焦慮的外在表現(xiàn)。Whydoessuperstitionexist?Ev4我們可以把迷信看作是面對人生的一種慰藉，就好像我們是一個神秘世界的一部分，而這個神秘的世界又充滿著不可理喻的規(guī)則。Wecanseethesuperstition,therefore,asakindofreassuranceagainstfluctuationasthoughwearepartofanimpenetrablemysterywithincomprehensiblerules.FactorsaffectingpeopleTheinfluenceoffriendsTheinfluenceoffamilyExperienceBooksHearsay(謠言)Traditionreligionetc.我們可以把迷信看作是面對人生的一種慰藉，就好像我們是一個神秘5ChinesesuperstitionsTheeightdiagramsAccordingtolegend,itwascreatedbyFuxi,anancientChinesesage.ItiswrittenintheancientbookZhouYi.ItrepresentstheancientChinese’searliestknowledgeoftheuniverse,whichcontainsasimpledialecticalmaterialistpointofview（辯證唯物主義）.ChinesesuperstitionsTheeight6TheeightdiagramsQian---skyKun---earthZhen---thunderXun---windKan---waterLi---fireGen---mountainTheeightdiagramsQian---sky7FengshuiFengshuiisanancientChinesepracticeofarrangingiteminaroomsothattheyareinbalanceandharmonywiththeirenvironment.FengshuiFengshuiisananci8Lefteyejumpwealth,therighteyejumpdisasterPeopleoftenthinkthatlefteyejumpwillbringthemgoodluck,andintherighteyejumpwillbringbadluck.Lefteyejumpwealth,therigh9StickingchopsticksuprightStickchopsticksintotherice:Donotstickthechopsticksintoyourfoodgenerally,especiallynotintoyourrice,becauseonlyatfunerals,chopsticksarestuckintothericewhichisputontothealtar.(祭壇)StickingchopsticksuprightSti10NumberThewordfor“eight”(ba八)soundssimilartothewordwhichmeans“prosper”or“wealth”(fa發(fā)).Thenumber2isagoodnumberinChineseculture.ThereisaChinesesaying:“goodthingscomeinpairs”.Itiscommontousedoublesymbolsinproductbrandnames,suchasdoublehappiness,doublecoinsanddoubleelephants.NumberThewordfor“eight”(ba八11SomeothersuperstitionsFortune-telling&divinationPraytothespiritualbeingSomeothersuperstitions1213&FridayJesuswasbetrayedbyhis13thdisciple(門徒）,andhewashungonaFriday.BritainusedtohangcriminalsonFriday,thusFridaywascalled“thehangingday”.AdamandEveatetheForbiddenfruitonFriday;bothdiedonFriday;andtheirsonCainkilledhisbrotherAbelonFriday.Westernsuperstitions13&FridayWesternsuperstitio13LastsupperThe13superstitionisbasedontheideathatJudas,thebaddisciple,wasthe13thmantositdowntothetableatTheLastSupper.Ithinkamorerationalsuperstitionwouldbetofearbaddisciples.Lastsupper14SpillingSalt-BadLuckSaltisregardedasatokenoffriendshipandtrust.Spillingwasseenasanintentionaloffensetothecelestialpowers.Judasknockedoverthesaltcellar.Onecancounteracttheeffectofspilledsalt,orbadluck,bythrowingalittleovertheleftshoulder.

Putsaltonthedoorstepofanewhouseandnoevilcanenter.SpillingSalt-BadLuck15WalkingunderaLadderInthemiddleages,alearningladderwasthoughttoresemblethegallows(絞刑）andsobywalkingunderneathaladder,youareplayingoutyourownexecution.Howtoavoid?1Crossyourfingersuntilyouseeadog2Lickfingerandmakeacrossonthetoeofshoes,anddon’tlookdownattheshoeuntilthemarkhasdried.WalkingunderaLadderInthem16UmbrellaIt’sbadlucktoopenanumbrellaindoors.Infinitepowerofthesunhavebeenaresultofworship（崇拜）,indoorumbrellaswereconsideredtobeaninsulttothesun,andtheneveryonenthehousewillbringbadluck.Someofthethingsassociatedwiththeumbrella,allwithbadluck,andthereforeshouldnotbeanumbrellaasagiftforWesterners.UmbrellaIt’sbadlucktoopen17BrokenmirrorsTobreakamirrormeans7yearsbadluck.Mirrorshavebeenusedinfortune-telling.Breakingamirroristhedestructionofameansofknowingthewillofgods.BrokenmirrorsTobreakamirro18Rabbits

ThesuperstitionofrabbitsinwesternersoriginatesfromthefamousEnglishwriterLewisCarroll’sbookAlice’sAdventureinWonderland.Rabbitsaremysteriousandswift,especiallygoodatrunning,sothattheycanescapefrommisfortune.Therefore,thewesternersbelievethattherabbitfootcandriveawayevilandbringaboutluck.AlsotheadultstelltheirchildrenthattheEastereggsaresentbytherabbitsonEaster.RabbitsThesuperstitionofra19KnockingonWoodFinally,acommonlyheldsuperstitionisthatoftouchingwoodforluck.Thismeasureismostthatoftentakenifyouthinkyouhavesaidsomethingthatistemptingfate,suchas“mycarhasneve