高考英語一輪復習基礎過關練習專題13構詞法（符語法填空詞形轉換高頻詞） (含解析)

試卷第=page11頁，共=sectionpages33頁專題13構詞法（附語法填空詞形轉換高頻詞）（學與練）許多英語單詞的構成都有一定的規(guī)律，這種規(guī)律被稱為構詞法（wordformation）。掌握構詞法知識對我們更好地理解詞義、認識新詞和擴大詞匯量有重要意義。英語中的構詞法主要有派生法（Derivation）、合成法（Composition）和轉換法（Conversion）三大類。學構詞法一派生法在一個詞的詞根（root）前面或后面加上某個詞綴（affix）來產(chǎn)生新詞，這種構詞法稱為派生法（derivation）或詞綴法（affixation）。加在前面的詞綴叫前綴（prefix），加在后面的詞綴叫后綴（suffix）。一般情況下，前綴往往改變詞根的詞義，不改變詞根的詞性；而后綴往往改變詞根的詞性，有些也涉及意義的變化。大部分前綴和后綴都有固定的意義，因而許多派生詞的詞義可以通過詞根及詞綴的意思推知。1.形容詞變副詞的后綴在形容詞后加－ly可變成相應意義的副詞直接加－lyextreme→extremely尤其，非常stupid→stupidly傻地改y為－ilyhappy→happily快樂地merry→merrily快樂地去e加－lytrue真的→truly真地2.形容詞變名詞的后綴后綴例詞－ageshort→shortage不足；短缺－cyefficient→efficiency效率；功效accurate→accuracy準確性－domfree→freedom自由；自主wise→wisdom明智；智慧－encedifferent→difference差異silent→silence沉默－nessweak→weakness虛弱；弱點careless→carelessness粗心大意－thstrong→strength力氣；強項wide→width寬－y－ty－itydisable→disability無能；殘疾responsible→responsibility責任3.動詞變名詞的后綴后綴例詞－alapprove→approval贊成；批準arrive→arrival到來－anceappear→appearance出現(xiàn)；外貌perform→performance表演；節(jié)目－enceexist→existence存在；生存refer→reference參考；查閱－ionconstruct→construction建設evaluate→evaluation評估－ationconsider→consideration考慮imagine→imagination想象力－(s)siondiscuss→discussion討論；辯論admit→admission接納；準許入學－inghear→hearing聽力；聽覺begin→beginning開始－mentargue→argument辯論；論據(jù)equip→equipment設備－urefail→failure失??；沒做到press→pressure壓力－turemix→mixture混合；混合物depart→departure離開；出發(fā)－yrecover→recovery恢復；痊愈discover→discovery發(fā)現(xiàn)其他vary→variety多樣化；種類tend→tendency趨向；趨勢4.表示＂人＂的后綴在某些形容詞、名詞或動詞后面加后綴變成具有某種職業(yè)或動作的人。常見的表示＂人＂的后綴有：后綴例詞－ervillage→villager村民strange→stranger陌生人－arlie→liar說謊者－eeemploy→employee受雇者；雇員interview→interviewee被面試者－orinvent→inventor發(fā)明家educate→educator教育家；教師－esssteward→stewardess女乘務員host→hostess女主人；女主持人－eseChina→Chinese中國人Japan→Japanese日本人－anAmerica→American美國人Australia→Australian澳洲人－ianhistory→historian歷史學家politics→politician政治家；政客－istspecial→specialist專家tour→tourist旅行者；觀光者－antparticipate→participant參加者assist→assistant助手；圖書管理員5.動詞、名詞變形容詞的常見后綴后綴例詞－ableaccept→acceptable可接受的comfort→comfortable舒適的－alperson→personal個人的；私人的nature→natural自然的；天生的－fulhope→hopeful有希望的peace→peaceful和平的－edconfuse→confused感到困惑的bore→bored感到厭倦的－ingsurprise→surprising令人驚訝的convince→convincing令人信服的－ibleaccess→accessible容易到達的；容易取得的horror→horrible可怕的；恐怖的－iveeffect→effective有效的；生效的instruct→instructive有教育意義的－ousanxiety→anxious憂慮的curiosity→curious好奇的－sometire→tiresome令人厭倦的trouble→troublesome麻煩的－ytaste→tasty美味的；可口的wealth→wealthy富裕的；豐富的dirt→dirty有灰塵的；臟的－erneast→eastern東方的；向東的west→western西方的；向西的－ishfool→foolish愚蠢的；可笑的self→selfish自私的－icscience→scientific科學的history→historic歷史上著名的－aryimagine→imaginary想象中的6.表示否定或相反意義的前綴和后綴前綴例詞dis－advantage→disadvantage缺點comfort→discomfort不舒適il－legal→illegal不合法的logical→illogical不合邏輯的im－patient→impatient不耐煩的moral→immoral不道德的in－formal→informal非正式的convenient→inconvenient不方便的ir－regular→irregular不規(guī)則的responsible→irresponsible不負責任的mis－lead→mislead誤導understand→misunderstand誤解un－willing→unwilling不愿意的happy→unhappy不高興的后綴例詞－lesshope→hopeless絕望的care→careless粗心的7.變動詞的前綴和后綴前綴例詞en－large→enlarge擴大rich→enrich使充實；使豐富后綴例詞－enbroad→broaden使變寬hard→harden使變硬－ifyclass→classify把……分類beauty→beautify美化－izeapology→apologize道歉emphasis→emphasize強調(diào)學構詞法二轉化法在詞形不變的情況下，把一個單詞由一種詞性轉換成另一種詞性，而沒有加任何詞綴，這種構詞方法稱為轉換法。轉換法種類很多，但數(shù)量最多的是由名詞轉化為動詞和由動詞轉化為名詞兩大類。轉換后的詞義與轉換前的詞義通常有密切的聯(lián)系，但有時差異也很大。動詞→名詞walk→takeawalk散步swim→haveaswim游泳名詞→動詞bookn.→v.預訂milkn.→v.擠奶形容詞→動詞slowadj.→v.減慢narrowadj.→v.使變窄；(差距等)縮小形容詞?副詞hardadj.困難的?adv.努力地highadj.高的?adv.高deepadj.深的?adv.深wideadj.寬的?adv.廣闊地學構詞法三合成法把兩個或兩個以上的詞素放到一起，這種構詞法稱為合成法。合成詞通常由兩個或兩個以上的自由詞素構成不同詞性，最常見的包括：名詞合成詞，形容詞合成詞，動詞合成詞。之間有的用連字符連接，有的直接連接在一起。1.合成名詞構成方式例詞名詞＋名詞weekend周末名詞＋動詞daybreak黎明名詞＋動名詞handwriting書法名詞＋及物動詞＋er／orpain-killer止痛藥名詞＋介詞＋名詞sister-in-law嫂子代詞＋名詞she-wolf母狼，he-goat動詞＋名詞typewriter打字機動名詞＋名詞reading-room閱覽室現(xiàn)在分詞＋名詞flying-fish飛魚形容詞＋名詞freshman大一新生副詞＋動詞outlook景色，風光介詞＋名詞afterbrain后腦2.合成形容詞構成方式例詞名詞＋形容詞bloodred血紅的名詞＋現(xiàn)在分詞French-speaking講法語的名詞＋to＋名詞one-to-one一對一的名詞＋過去分詞man-made人造的數(shù)詞＋名詞one-way單行道的數(shù)詞＋名詞＋形容詞three-year-old三歲的數(shù)詞＋名詞＋edten-storeyed十層的動詞＋副詞one-off一次性的形容詞＋名詞high-quality高質(zhì)量的形容詞＋名詞＋ednoble-minded高尚的形容詞＋形容詞light-green淺綠色的形容詞＋現(xiàn)在分詞ordinary-looking相貌一般的副詞＋形容詞ever-green常青的副詞＋現(xiàn)在分詞hard-working辛勤的副詞＋過去分詞well-known著名的副詞＋名詞fast-food提供快餐的介詞＋名詞indoor室內(nèi)的3.合成動詞構成方式例詞名詞＋動詞sleep-walk夢游形容詞＋動詞white-wash粉刷副詞＋動詞overwhelm壓倒，制服4.合成副詞構成方式例詞形容詞＋名詞hotfoot匆忙地形容詞＋副詞everywhere到處副詞＋副詞however盡管如此介詞＋名詞beforehand事先介詞＋副詞forever永遠5.合成代詞構成方式例詞代詞賓格＋selfherself她自己，themselves物主代詞＋selfmyself我自己形容詞＋名詞anything一切語法填空詞形轉換常見詞Aability

[??b?l?t?]n.能力；才能able[?e?b(?)l]a.能夠；有能力的absence

[??bs?ns]n.不在，缺席absent[??bs?nt]a.缺席，不在3.academic[?k??dem?k]a./n.學術的，教學的academy[??k?d?m?]n.?？茖W院，（美）私立學校4.access[??kses]n./v.通道，入徑，存取(計算機文件)accessible[?k?ses?b(?)l]a.可到達的，可接受的5.achieve

[??t?i?v]vt.達到，取得achievement

[??t?i?vm?nt]n.成就，成績，功績6.act

[?kt]n.法令，條例v.（戲）表演，扮演（角色），演出（戲）；行動，做事action

[??k?(?)n]n.行動active

[??kt?v]a.積極的，主動的activity

[?k?t?v?t?]n.活動7.adapt

[??d?pt]v.使適應，適合，改編adaptation

[?d?p?te??(?)n]n.適應，改編本8.adjust

[??d??st]v.調(diào)整，調(diào)節(jié)，適應，習慣adjustment

[??d??stm?nt]n.調(diào)整，適應9.admirable

[??dm?r?b(?)l]a.值得贊賞的，可欽佩的admire

[?d?ma??(r)]v.欽佩；羨慕admission

[?d?m??(?)n]n.準入，接納admit

[?d?m?t]vt.承認，準許（入場，入學，入會）10.advertise

[??dv?ta?z]vt.為……做廣告advertisement

[?d?v??t?sm?nt]n.廣告11.agree

[??ɡri?]v.同意；應允agreement

[??ɡri?m?nt]n.同意，一致；協(xié)定，協(xié)議12.amaze

[??me?z]v.驚奇，驚嘆；震驚amazed感到驚訝的amazing

[??me?z??]a.驚奇，驚嘆的；震驚的beamazedat對..感到驚訝13.amuse

[??mju?z]vt.（使人）快樂，逗樂amused感到愉快的amusing令人愉快的amusement

[??mju?zm?nt]n.娛樂14.analyze/`?nl，a?z/v.分析analysis

[??n?l?s?s]n.分析，分析結果15.anger

[???ɡ?(r)]n.怒，憤怒angry

[??nɡr?]a.生氣的，憤怒的16.anxiety

[???za??t?]n.擔憂，焦慮anxious

[???k??s]a.憂慮的，焦急的17.apologize

[??p?l?d?a?z]vi.道歉，謝罪apology

[??p?l?d??]n.道歉；歉意18.appear

[??p??(r)]vi.出現(xiàn)appearance

[??p??r?ns]n.出現(xiàn)，露面；容貌19.application

[?pl??ke??(?)n]n.申請apply[??pla?]v.申請20.appoint

[??p??nt]v.任命，委任，安排appointment

[??p??ntm?nt]n.約會appreciate

[??pri???e?t]v.欣賞；感激appreciation

[?pri????e??(?)n]n.欣賞，鑒定，評估21.appropriate

[??pr??pr??t]a.合適的，恰當?shù)腶pproximately

[?pr?ks??m?tl?]ad.近似，大約22.argue[?ɑ?ɡju?]vi.爭辯，爭論argument

[?ɑ?ɡj?m?nt]n.爭論，辯論23.arrange

[??re?nd?]v.安排，布置arrangement[??re?nd?m?nt]n.安排，布置24.arrival

[??ra?v(?)l]n.到來，到達arrive

[??ra?v]vi.到達；-at小地方，-in大地方25.assess

[??ses]v.評價，評定（性質(zhì)，質(zhì)量）assessment

[??sesm?nt]n.看法，評價26.assist[??s?st]v.幫助，協(xié)助assistance

[??s?st(?)ns]n.幫助，援助，支持assistant

[??s?st(?)nt]n.助手，助理27.associate

[??s????e?t]v.聯(lián)想，聯(lián)系association

[?s??s??e??(?)n]n.協(xié)會，社團，聯(lián)系28.assume

[??sju?m；(US)??su?m]v.假定，假設assumption

[??s?mp?(?)n]n.假定，假設29.attract

[??tr?kt]v.吸引，引起attraction

[??tr?k?(?)n]n.吸引，愛慕attractive

[??tr?kt?v]a.迷人的，有吸引力的B1.bad(worse，worst)[b?d]a.壞的；有害的，嚴重的badly

[?b?dl?]ad.壞，惡劣地2.bath

[bɑ?θ；(US)b?θ]n.洗澡；浴室；澡盆bathe

[be?e]vi.洗澡；游泳3.beautiful

[?bju?t?f(?)l]a.美，美麗，美觀的beauty

[?bju?t?]n.美麗，美人4.behave

[b??he?v]v.守規(guī)矩，行為behaviour/b?`he?vj?r/n.行為，舉止5.beneficial

[ben??f??(?)l]a.有利的，有幫助的，有用的benefit

[?ben?f?t]n./v.優(yōu)勢，益處，使…受益6.bored/b?rd/a.（對人，事）厭倦的，煩悶的boring/`b?r??/a.乏味的，無聊的7.brave

[bre?v]a.勇敢的bravery

[?bre?v?r?]n.勇氣8.breath

[breθ]n.氣息；呼吸breathe

[bri?e]vi.呼吸breathless

[?breθl?s]a.氣喘吁吁的，上氣不接下氣的9.build(built，built)[b?ld]v.建筑；造building

[?b?ld??]n.建筑物；房屋；大樓C1.care

[ke?(r)]n.照料，保護；小心v.介意……，在乎careful

[?ke?f?l]a.小心，仔細，謹慎的careless

[?ke?l?s]a.粗心的，漫不經(jīng)心的2.caution

[?k???(?)n]n.謹慎，小心，警告cautious

[?k????s]a.小心的，謹慎的3.celebrate

[?sel?bre?t]v.慶祝celebration

[sel??bre??(?)n]n.慶祝；慶祝會4.entre中心central中心的5.certain

[?s??t(?)n]a.確定的，無疑的；一定會……certainly

[?s??t?nl?]ad.當然；一定，無疑6.challenge

[?t??l?nd?]n.挑戰(zhàn)(性)challenging

[?t??l?nd???]a.具有挑戰(zhàn)性的7.changeable

[?t?e?nd??b(?)l]a.易變的，變化無常的change

[t?e?nd?]n.零錢；找頭v.改變，變化；更換；8.cheer

[t???(r)]n.&vi.歡呼；喝彩Cheerup

[t???(r)-?p]振作起來！提起精神！cheerful

[?t???f?l]a.興高采烈的，快活的cheers

[t???(r)]int.干杯，(口)謝謝，再見9.chemical

[?kem?k(?)l]a.化學的n.化學品chemist

[?kem?st]n.藥劑師；化學家chemistry

[?kem?str?]n.化學10.child(復children)[t?a?ld]n.孩子，兒童childhood

[?t?a?ldh?d]n.幼年時代，童年11.civil

[?s?v(?)l]a.國內(nèi)的；平民（非軍人）的；民用的civilian

[s??v?l??n]n.平民，老百姓civilization

[s?v?la??ze??(?)n；n.文明12.clean

[kli?n]vt.弄干凈，擦干凈a.清潔的，干凈的cleaner

[kli?n?(r)]n.清潔工.，清潔器.，清潔劑13.clear

[kl??(r)]a.清晰；明亮的；清楚的clearly

[?kl??l?]ad.清楚地，無疑地14.cloud

[?kl??e??]n.云；云狀物；陰影cloudy

[?kla?d?]a.多云的，陰天的15.comfort

[?k?mf?t]n.安慰；慰問comfortable

[?k?mf?t?b(?)l；(US)?k?mf?rt?bl]a.舒服的；安逸的；舒服自在的16.commit

[k??m?t]v.犯（罪，錯），自殺commitment

[k??m?tm?nt]n.承諾，允諾，承擔17.communicate

[k??mju?n?ke?t]v.交際；傳達（感情，信息等）communication

[k?mju?n??ke??(?)n]n.交際，通訊18.compete

[k?m?pi?t]vi.比賽，競賽competence

[?k?mp?t?ns]n.能力，勝任，管轄權competition

[k?mp??t??(?)n]n.比賽，競賽competitor

[k?m?pet?t?(r)]n.競賽者，比賽者19.conclude

[k?n?klu?d]v.完成，結束conclusion

[k?n?klu??(?)n]n.結論；結束20.consider

[k?n?s?d?(r)]vt.考慮considerate

[k?n?s?d?r?t]a.體貼的consideration

[k?ns?d??re??(?)n]n.考慮；關心21.conveniencen.convenientadj.方便的22.construct

[k?n?str?kt]v.構筑；建造，建設construction

[k?n?str?k?(?)n]n.建造，建設，建筑物D1.danger

[?de?nd??(r)]n.危險dangerous

[?de?nd??r?s]a.危險的2.dark

[dɑ?k]n.黑暗；暗處；日暮a.黑暗的；深色的darkness

[?dɑ?kn?s]n.黑暗，陰暗3.die

[da?]v.死dead死的，無生命的death

[deθ]n.死4.decide

[d??sa?d]v.決定；下決心decision

[d??s??(?)n]n.決定；決心5.deep

[di?p]a.深ad.深；深厚deeply

[?di?pl?]ad.深深地depth

[depθ]n.深，深度66.delight

[d??la?t]n.快樂；樂事delighted

[di'laitid]a.高興的，快樂的7.develop

[d??vel?p]v.（使）發(fā)展；（使）發(fā)達；（使）發(fā)育；開發(fā)vt.沖洗（照片）development

[d??vel?pm?nt]n.發(fā)展，發(fā)達，發(fā)育，8.devote

[d??v??t]vt.把…奉獻，把…專用（于）devotion

[d??v???(?)n]n.奉獻，奉獻精神9.differ

[?d?f?(r)]v.相異，有區(qū)別difference

[?d?fr?ns]n.不同different

[?d?fr?nt]a.不同的，有差異的10.difficult

[?d?f?k?lt]a.難；艱難；不易相處difficulty

[?d?f?k?lt?]n.困難，費力11.disagree

[d?s??ɡri?]vi.意見不一致，持不同意見disagreement

[d?s??ɡri?m?nt]n.意見不一致；爭論12.disappoint[d?s??p??nt]vt.使失望bedisappointedat感到失望的disappointing令人失望的disappointment

[d?s??p??ntm?nt]n.失望；沮喪13.discover

[d??sk?v?(r)]vt.發(fā)現(xiàn)discovery

[d??sk?v?r?]n.發(fā)現(xiàn)14.discuss

[d?s?k?s]vt.討論，議論discussion

[d?s?k??(?)n]n.討論，辯論15.distance

[?d?st?ns]n.距離distant

[?d?st(?)nt]a.遠的，遙遠的E1.easy

[?i?z?]a.容易的，不費力的easily

[?i?z?l?]ad.容易地2.east[i?st]a.東方；東部的；朝東的；ad.在東方；eastern

[?i?st(?)n]a.東方的；東部的3.educate

[?edj?ke?t]vt.教育，培養(yǎng)educator

['edju:keit?(r)]n.教育家education

[edj??ke??(?)n]n.教育，培養(yǎng)4.engine[?end??n]n.發(fā)動機，引擎engineer[end???n??(r)]n.工程師；技師5.enjoy

[?n?d???]vt.欣賞；享受樂趣；喜歡enjoyable[?n?d????b(?)l]a.愉快的；有趣的6.equal[?i?kw(?)l]a.平等的vt.等于，使等于equality[i??kw?l?t?]n.平等82.equip[??kw?p]vt.提供設備；裝備；配備equipment[??kw?pm?nt]n.裝備，設備7.exact[?ɡ?z?kt]a.精確的；確切的exactly[ex'act·ly]ad.精確地；確切地8.exist[?g'z?st]vi.存在existence[?ɡ?z?st(?)ns]n.存在；生存；存在物9.explain[?ks?ple?n]vt.解釋，說明explanation[ekspl??ne??(?)n]n.解釋，說明10.express

[?k?spres]vt.表達；表情n.快車，特快專遞expression[?k?spre?(?)n]n.表達；詞句；表情11.extreme

[?k?stri?m]a.極其的，非常的extremely

[?k?stri?ml?]ad.極其，非常F1.fail

[fe?l]v.失?。徊患案?；衰退failure

[?fe?lj?(r)]n.失敗2.fair

[fe?(r)]a.公平的，合理的a.(膚色)白皙的；（人）白膚金發(fā)的n.集市；廟會；展覽會fairly

[?fe?l?]ad.公正地，正當?shù)兀幌喈敚ǔ潭龋┑豧airness['f??nis]n.公平；公正3.firm[f??m]n.公司；企業(yè)a.堅固的，堅定的firmly[?f??ml?]ad.牢牢地4.fluency['flu?nsi]n.（外語）流利，流暢fluent[?flu??nt]a.（外語）流利的，流暢5.fool

[fu?l]n.傻子，蠢人foolish

[?fu?l??]a.愚蠢的，傻的6.foreign[?f?r?n；(US)?f??r?n]a.外國的foreigner[?f?r?n?(r)]n.外國人7.forget[f??rev?(r)](forgot，forgotten)v.忘記；忘掉forgetful[f??ɡetf?l]a.健忘的，不留心的8.fortunate[?f??t??n?t]a.幸運的；僥幸的fortune[?f??tju?n，?f??t?u?n]n.財產(chǎn)；運氣9.free[fri?]a.自由，空閑的；免費的freedom[?fri?d?m]n.自由10.friend[frend]n.朋友friendly[?frendl?]a.友好的friendship[?frend??p]n.友誼，友情G1.gift

[ɡ?ft]n.贈品；禮物gifted

[?ɡ?ft?d]a.有天賦的；有才華的2.grow(grew，grown)[ɡr??]v.生長；發(fā)育；種植；變成growth[ɡr??θ]n.生長，增長3.guidance[?ɡa?d?ns]n.引導，指導guide[ɡa?d]n.向導，導游者H1.happy[?h?p?]a.幸福；快樂的，高興的happily['h?p?l?]ad.幸福地，快樂地happiness[?h?p?n?s]n.幸福，愉快2.hard[hɑ?d]ad.努力地；使勁；猛烈地a.硬的；困難的；艱難的hardly[?hɑ?dl?]ad.幾乎不hardship[?hɑ?d??p]n.困難3.harm[hɑ?m]n.&v.傷害；損傷harmful[?hɑ?mf?l]a.有害的；致傷的harmless[?hɑ?ml?s]a.無害的；不致傷的4.health[helθ]n.健康，衛(wèi)生healthy[?helθ?]a.健康的，健壯的5.heavy[?hev?]a.重的heavily[?hev?l?]ad.重地，大量地6.help[help]n.&vt.幫助，幫忙helpful[?helpf?l]a.有幫助的，有益的7.hope[h??p]n.&v.希望hopeful[?h??pf?l]a.有希望的；有前途的hopelessa.沒有希望，不可救藥的8.humorous[?hju?m?r?s]a.富于幽默的humour(美humor)['hju:m?]n.幽默，幽默感9.hunger[?h??ɡ?(r)]n.饑餓hungry[?h??ɡr?]a.（饑）餓的I1.ill[?l]a.有病的；不健康的illness[??ln?s]n.疾病1.importance[?m?p??t(?)ns]n.重要性important[?m?p??t?nt]a.重要的3.imaginevt.想象imaginaryadj.想象的imaginationn.想象4.impossible[?m?p?s?b(?)l]a.不可能的possible可能的5.impress[?m?pres]vt.留下極深的印象impression[?m?pre?(?)n]n.印象，感覺6.improve改善，提高improvement7.independent獨立的independence8.instruct[?n?str?kt]vt.通知；指示；教instruction[?n?str?k?(?)n]n.說明，須知；教導9.interest[??ntr?st]n.興趣，趣味；利息interesting[??ntr?t??]a.有趣的interested感興趣的10.intelligence智力，intelligent聰明的11.introduce[?ntr??dju?s；(US)-du?s]vt.介紹introduction[?ntr??d?k?(?)n]n.引進，介紹12.invent[?n?vent]vt.發(fā)明，創(chuàng)造invention[?n?ven?(?)n]n.發(fā)明，創(chuàng)造13.invitation[?nv??te??(?)n]n.邀請，請?zhí)鹖nvite[?n?va?t]vt.邀請，招待J1.judge[d??d?]n.裁判；審判員；法官vt.判斷，斷定judgement['d??d?m?nt]n.裁判2.juice[d?u?s]n.汁、液juicy[d?u?s?]a.多汁的；水分多的K1.kind[ka?nd]n.種；類a.善良，友好的kindness[?ka?ndn?s]n.仁慈；善良L1.last[lɑ?st；(US)l?st]a.最近剛過去；最后的ad.最近剛過去；最后地n.最后v.持續(xù)late[le?t]a.晚的，遲的ad.晚地，遲地lately[?le?tl?]ad.最近，不久前l(fā)ater[?le?t?(r)]a.晚些的，遲些的latest[?le?t?st]a.最近，最新的；最晚的latter[?l?t?(r)]n.（兩者之中的）后者2.lazy懶惰的lazily懶惰地lazinessn.懶惰3.laugh[lɑ?f]n.&v.笑，大笑；嘲笑laughter[?lɑ?ft?(r)；(US)?l?ft?r]n.笑；笑聲4.learn(learnt，learnt；--ed--ed)[l??n]vt.學，學習，學會learned[?l??n?d]a.有才華的；博學的5.live[l?v]vi.生活；居住；活著a.活的，活著的；實況，現(xiàn)場（直播）的lively[?la?vl?]a.活潑的；充滿生氣的living[?l?v??]a.活著的n.生計6.legal合法的illegal違法的7.loud[la?d]a.大聲的loudly[la?dl?]ad.大聲地8.love[l?v]n.&vt.愛；熱愛；很喜歡lovely[?l?vl?]a.美好的，可愛的9.luck[l?k]n.運氣，好運lucky[?l?k?]a.運氣好，僥幸M1.marriage[?m?r?d?]n.結婚，婚姻married[?m?r?d]a.已婚的marry[?m?r?]v.（使）成婚，結婚2.memory[?mem?r?]n.回憶，記憶memorize[?mem?ra?z]v.記憶3.mental[?ment(?)l]a.精神的；腦力的mentally[?ment?l?]ad.精神上；智力上4.merciful[?m??s?f?l]a.仁慈的；寬大的mercy[?m??s?]n.憐憫5.mess[mes]n.凌亂messy[?mes?]a.亂七八糟的6.mistake(mistook，mistaken)[m?s?te?k]n.錯誤vt.弄錯mistaken[m?s?te?k?n]a.錯誤的7.mix[m?ks]v.混合，攪拌mixture[?m?kst??(r)]n.混合物8.move[mu?v]v.移動，搬動，搬家movement[?mu?vm?nt]n.運動，活動9.modern現(xiàn)代的modernizevt.使現(xiàn)代化modernization現(xiàn)代化N1.nature[?ne?t??(r)]n.自然，性質(zhì)，種類natural[?n?t??r(?)l]a.自然的2.nation國家national國家的nationality國籍3.near[n??(r)]a.近的ad.附近，鄰近prep.在……附近，靠近nearby[?n??ba?]a.附近的nearly[?n??l?]ad.將近，幾乎4.necessary必需的necessarily必需地necessityn.必需品5.nine[na?n]num.九ninth[na?nθ]num.第九6.noise[n??z]n.聲音，噪聲，喧鬧聲noisily['n??z?l?]ad.喧鬧地noisy[?n??z?]a.喧鬧的，嘈雜的7.normal[?n??m(?)l]n.&a.正常的（狀態(tài)）abnormal反常的normallyadv.正常地8.north[n??θ]a.北的；朝北的；從北來的ad.向（在，從）北方n.北；北方；北部northern[?n??e(?)n]a.北方的，北部的northwards[?n??θw?dz]ad.向北9.novel[?n?v(?)l]n.（長篇）小說novelist[?n?v?l?st]n.小說家10.nurse[n??s]n.護士；保育員nursery[?n??s?r?]n.托兒所nursing[n??s??]n.(職業(yè)性的）保育，護理O1.operate[??p?re?t]v.做手術，運轉；實施，負責，經(jīng)營，管理operation[?p??re??(?)n]n.手術，操作operator[??p?re?t?(r)]n.接線員2.oppose[??p??z]vt.反對；反抗opposite[??p?z?t]n.相反，對面a.相反的，對面的3.organize['?:g?naiz]vt.組織organiser(organizer)['?:g?naiz?]n.組織者organization[??ɡ?na??ze??(?)n]n.組織，機構P1.pain[pe?n]n.疼痛，疼painful[?pe?nf?l]a.使痛的，使痛苦的paint[pe?nt]n.油漆vt.油漆，粉刷，繪畫painter[?pe?nt?(r)]n.繪畫者，（油）畫家painting[?pe?nt??]n.油畫，水彩畫2.part[pɑ?t]n.部分；成分partly[?pɑ?tl?]ad.部分地，在一定程度上3.patiencen.容忍；耐心patient[?pe??(?)nt]n.病人，耐心的4.peace[pi?s]n.和平peaceful[?pi?sf?l]a.和平的，安寧的5.perform[p??f??m]v.表演，履行；行動performance[p??f??m]n.演出，表演performer[p??f??m?(r)]n.表演者，執(zhí)行者6.person[?p??s(?)n]n.人personal[?p??s?n(?)l]a.個人的，私人的personnel[p??s??nel]n.全體人員，職員personally[?p??s?n?l?]ad.就自己而言7.physical[?f?z?k(?)l]a.身體的；物理的physician[f??z??(?)n]n.(有行醫(yī)執(zhí)照的)醫(yī)生8.physicist[?f?z?s?st]n.物理學家physics[?f?z?ks]n.物理（學）9.pleasant[?plez?nt]a.令人愉快的，舒適的please[pli?z]v.請，使人高興，使人滿意pleased[pli?zd]a.高興的pleasure[pli?zd]n.高興，愉快10.poem[?p???m]n.詩poet[?p???t]n.詩人11.poison[?p??z(?)n]n.毒藥poisonous[?p??z?n?s]a.有毒的，致命的12.pollute[p??lu?t]vt.污染pollution[p??lu??(?)n]n.污染13.possess[p??z??(?)n]vt.占有；擁有possession[p??ze?(?)n]n.所有，擁有；財產(chǎn)，所有物14.possibility[p?s??b?l?t?]vn.可能，可能性possible[?p?s?b(?)l]a.可能的15.power[?pa?d?(r)]n.力，動力，電力powerful[?pa??f?l]a.效力大的，強有力的，強大的16.practical[?pr?kt?k(?)l]a.實際的，適用的practice(s)e[?pr?kt?s]n.練習17.prefer[pr??f??(r)]vt.寧愿（選擇），更喜歡preference[?pref?r?ns]n.選擇，趨向18.preparation[prep??re??(?)n]n.準備prepare[pr??pe?(r)]vt.準備，預備，調(diào)制，配制19.press[?prez?d?nt]vt.壓，按n.新聞界，出版社pressure[?pre??(r)]n.壓迫，壓力，壓強20.probable[?pr?b?b(?)l]a.很可能，很有希望的probably[?pr?b?b(?)l?]ad.很可能，大概21.produce[pr??dju?s；(US)-?du?s]vt.生產(chǎn)；制造product[?pr?d?kt]n.產(chǎn)品，制品production[pr??d?k?(?)n]n.生產(chǎn)；制造22.pronounce[pr??na?ns]vt.發(fā)音pronunciation[pr?n?ns??e??(?)n]n.發(fā)音23.proper[?pr?p?(r)]a.恰當?shù)?，合適的properly[?pr?p?l?]ad.適當?shù)?4.protect[pr??tekt]vt.保護protection[pr??tek?(?)n]n.保護25.proud[pra?d]a.自豪的；驕傲的pride[pra?d]n.自豪，驕傲26.puzzle[?p?z(?)l]n.難題，（字、畫）謎puzzled[?p?z(?)l]a.迷惑的，困惑的R1.rain[re?n]n.雨，雨水vi.下雨rainy[?re?n?]a.下雨的；多雨的2.real[ri?l]a.真實的，確實的reality[r???l?t?]n.現(xiàn)實realise(美realize)[?r??la?z]vt.認識到，實現(xiàn)reallyv[?r??l?]ad.真正地；到底；確實3.reason[?ri?z(?)n]vi.評理，勸說n.理由，原因reasonable[?ri?z?n?b(?)l]a.合乎情理的4.refusal[r??fju?z(?)l]n.拒絕refuse[r??fju?z]vi.拒絕，不愿5.relate[r??le?t]vi.有關；涉及relation[r??le??(?)n]n.關系；親屬relationship[r??le???n??p]n.關系relative[?rel?t?v]n.親屬，親戚6.rely[r??la?]v.依賴，依靠reliable[r??la??b(?)l]a.可信賴的，可依靠的7.religion[r??l?d??n]n.宗教religious[r??l?d??s]a.宗教的8.require[r??kwa??(r)]vt.需求；要求requirement[r??kwa??m?nt]n.需要；要求；必要的條件9.reservation[rez??ve??(?)n]n.預定reserve[r??z??v]n.&v.儲備；預定S1.sad[s?d]a.（使人）悲傷的sadness[?s?dn?s]n.悲哀，憂傷2.safe[se?f]a.安全的n.保險柜safety[?se?ft?]n.安全，保險3.sail[se?l]n.航行v.航行，開航sailing[?se?l??]n.航海sailor[?se?l?(r)]n.水手，海員4.salt[s??lt，s?lt]n.鹽salty[?s??lt?，?s?lt?]a.鹽的，咸的，含鹽的5.scene[s??n]n.（戲劇、電影等的）一場，場景，布景scenery[?si?n?r?]n.風景，景色，風光6.science[?sa??ns]n.科學，自然科學scientific[sa??n?t?f?k]a.科學的scientist[?sa??nt?st]n.科學家7.secure[s??kj??(r)]a.安心的，有把握的，牢靠的security[s??kj??r?t?]n.安全，平安8.serve[s??v]vt.招待（顧客等），服務service[?s??v?s]n.服務9.settle[?set(?)l]vi.安家，定居settlement[?set?lm?nt]n.新拓居地；（美）部落，村落settler[?setl?(r)]n.移居者，開拓者10.sick[s?k]a.有病，患病的，（想）嘔吐sickness[?s?kn?s]n.疾病11.silence[?sa?l?ns]n.安靜，沉默silent?sa?l?nt]a.無聲的，無對話的12.simple[?s?mp(?)l]a.簡單的，簡易的simplify[?s?mpl?fa?]v.使簡化，使簡易simply[?s?mpl?]ad.簡單地，(加強語氣)的確13.skill[ski?]n.技能，技巧skilled[ski?]a.熟練的；有技能的skillful[?sk?lf(?)l]a.熟練，精湛的，靈巧的skillfully['skilfuli]ad.精湛地，巧妙地14.sleep[sli?p]n.睡覺sleep(slept，slept)[sli?p]vi.睡覺sleepy[sli?p]a.想睡的，困倦的，瞌睡的15.smell(smelt，smelt或-ed，-ed)[smel]v.嗅，聞到；發(fā)氣味n.氣味smelly[?smel?]a.有臭味的，發(fā)出臭味的16.smoke[sma?l]n.煙v.冒煙；吸煙smoker[?sm??k?(r)]n.吸煙者smoking[?sm??k??]n.吸煙，抽煙；冒煙17.snow[sn??]n.雪vi.下雪snowy[?sn???]a.雪(白)的；下雪的；多(積)雪的18.social[?s???(?)l]a.社會的；社交的socialism[?s????l?z(?)m]n.社會主義socialist[?s????l?st]a.社會主義的society[s??sa??t?]n.社會19.spirit[?sp?r?t]n.精神spiritual[?sp?r?t???l]a.精神的；心靈的20.strength[stre?θ]n.力量，力氣strengthen[?stre?θ(?)n]vt.加強，增強strong[str??；(US)str??ɡ]a.強(壯)的；堅固的；強烈的；堅強的21.succeed[s?k?si?d]vi.成功success[s?k?ses]n.成功successful[s?k?sesf?l]a.成功的，有成就的22.suffer[?s?f?(r)]vi.受苦，遭受suffering[?s?f?r??]n.痛苦，苦難23.suggest[s??d?est；(US)s?ɡ?d?est]vt.建議，提議suggestion[s??d?est?(?)n]n.建議24.sun[s?n]n.太陽，陽光sunny[?s?n?]a.晴朗的；陽光充足的25.surround[s??ra?nd]vt.圍繞；包圍surrounding[s??ra?nd??]a.周圍的26.survival[s??va?v(?)l]n.存活，幸存survive[s??va?v]v.生存，存活，幸免于難T1.technical[?tekn?k(?)l]a.技術的，工藝的technique[?tekn?k(?)l]n.技術；技巧，方法technology[tek?n?l?d??]n.技術2.thank[θ??k]vt.感謝，致謝，道謝n.（復）感謝，謝意thankful[?θ??kf?l]a.感謝的，感激的3.theoretical[θ???ret?k(?)l]a.理論的theory[θ???ret?k(?)l]n.理論4.thirst[θ??d]n.渴；口渴thirsty[?θ??st?]a.渴5.tire[?ta??(r)]vi.使疲勞tired[?ta??d]a.疲勞的，累的tiresomea.令人厭倦的6.total[?t??t(?)l]a.總數(shù)的；總括的；完全的，全然的n.合計，總計v.合計為totally[?t?t(?)l?]ad.總合地，完全地7.tour[t??(r)]n.參觀，觀光，旅行tourism[?t??r?z(?)m]n.旅游業(yè)；觀光tourist[?t??r?st]vn.旅行者，觀光者8.tradition[tr??d??(?)n]n.傳統(tǒng)，風俗traditional[tr??d??(?)n]a.傳統(tǒng)的，風俗的9.train[tre?n]n.火車v.培訓，訓練trainer[tre??n?(r)]n.訓練人；教練training[?tre?n??]n.培訓10.translate[tr?ns?le?t]vt.翻譯translation[tr?ns?le??(?)n]n.翻譯；譯文translator[tr?ns'leit?]n.翻譯家，譯者11.travel[?tr?v(?)l]n.&vi.旅行traveler[?tr?v?l?(r)]n.旅行者12.treat[tri?t]vt.對待，看待treatment[?tri?tm?nt]n.治療，療法13.trouble[?tr?b(?)l]vt.使苦惱，使憂慮，使麻煩n.問題，疾病，煩惱，麻煩troublesome[?tr?b(?)ls?m]a.令人煩惱，討厭14.true[tru?]a.真的，真實的；忠誠的truly[?tru?l?]ad.真正地，真實地truth[tru?θ]n.真理，事實，真相，實際15.type[?ta?p]vt.打字typist[?ta?p?st]n.打字員U-V1.unfortunate[?n?f??ld]a.不幸的unfortunately[?n?f??tj?n?tl?]ad.不幸地2.use[ju?z]n.&vt.利用，使用，應用useful[?ju?sf?l]a.有用的，有益的useless[?ju?sl?s]a.無用的user[?ju?z?]n.使用者；用戶3.usual[?ju????l]a.通常的，平常的usually[?ju????l?]ad.通常，經(jīng)常4.valuable[?v?lj??b(?)l]a.值錢的，貴重的value[?v?lju?]n.價值，益處V-W1.variety[v??ra??t?]n.種種，種類various[?ve?r??s]a.各種各樣的，不同的2.violence[?va??l?ns]n.暴力行為violent[?va??l?nt]a.暴力的3.violin[va???l?n]n.小提琴violinist[va???l?n?st]n.提琴家，提琴手4.visit[?vi?z?]n.&vt.參觀，訪問，拜訪visitor[?v?z?t?(r)]n.訪問者，參觀者5.wait[we?t]vi.等，等候waiter[?we?t?(r)]n.（餐廳）男服務員waitress[tres]n.女服務員6.warm[w??m]a.暖和的，溫暖的；熱情的warmth[w??mθ]n.暖和，溫暖7.weak[wi?k]a.差的，弱的，淡的weakness[?wi?kn?s]n.軟弱8.wealth[welθ]n.財產(chǎn)，財富wealthy[?welθ?]a.富的9.week[wi?k]n.星期，周weekday[?wi?kde?]n.平日weekend[wi?k?end，?wi?kend]n.周末weekly[?wi?kl?]a.每周的10.weigh[we?]vt.稱…的重量，重（若干）weight[we?t]n.重，重量11.wind[w?nd]n.風windy[?w?nd?]a.有風的，多風的12.wisdom[?w?zd?m]n.智慧wise[wa?z]a.聰明，英明的，有見識的13.wonder[?w?nd?(r)]v.對…疑惑，感到驚奇，想知道n.驚訝，驚嘆；奇跡wonderful[?w?nd?f?l]a.美妙的，精彩的；了不起的；太好了14.wood[?w?nd?f?l]n.木頭，木材，(復)樹木，森林wooden[?w?d(?)n]a.木制的15.woo[w?l]ln.羊毛，羊絨woollen['wulin]a.羊毛的，羊毛制的16.work[w??k]n.工作，勞動，事情vi.工作；(機器、器官等)運轉，活動workday['w?:kdei]n.工作日worker[?w??k?(r)]n.工人；工作者workforce['w?:kf?:s]n.勞動力workmate['w?:kf?:s]n.同事；工友workplace[w??kple?s]n.工作場所，車間works[w??ks]n.著作，作品17.worried['w?r?d/'w?-]a.擔心的，煩惱的worry[?w?r?]n.&v.煩惱，擔憂，發(fā)怒，困擾18.worth[w??θ]a.有…的價值，值得…的worthless[?w??θl?s]a.沒有價值，沒有用的worthwhile[w??θ?wa?l]a.值得做的worthy[w??θ?wa?l]a.值得的練短文語法填空Text1閱讀下面短文,在空白處填入1個適當?shù)膯卧~或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。Iwillneverforget-myfirstassignmentasaforeignreporterinBraziltocovertheRioCarnival.ItisoneofBrazil'slargestcultural___1___(event),drawinguptotwomilliontouriststoRioeveryyear.IwasoutonthestreetsonthefirstdayoftheCarnival,___2___(arm)withmycameraandnotebook,readytodosomework.Beingthere___3___(be)aconstantassault(沖擊)onmysenses.Hundredsofpeopleweresinginganddancing,___4___Braziliansambamusicfillingtheair.Iwanderedforhours,fromoneblockpartytoanother.Atonepoint,someoneoffered___5___(trade)meanalcoholicbeverage(飲料)andagoldenfeatheredheaddressformy,camera.I’mstillnotsurewhy,butIagreedtothedeal.Itwas___6___(probable)aquestionofgettingsweptupintheCarnivalspirit.Unfortunately,mybossdidnotacceptthis___7___(explain),soIhadtopayfor___8___newcameraintheend.Itwasworthit,though.Istillhavethatgoldenheaddress,as___9___remindsmeofthoseunforgettabledays.TheRioCarnivaliswithoutdoubtsomething____10____everyoneshouldaddtohisorherbucketlist.Text2閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入1個適當?shù)膯卧~或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。Duringfestiveoccasionsweoftenseea“l(fā)ion”____11____(crazy)shakeitshead,twistearsandscratchcheeks,accompaniedwiththesoundsofgongs(鑼)aswellasdrumbeats.Thistraditionalliondance,____12____(list)asanationalintangiblecultureheritagein2016,datesfromtheThreeKingdomsperiod(220-280).It’sbeenoneofthe____13____(well)knownamongsomanyarts.Breathtakingthough,thischallengingartcannever____14____(perform)easily.Dancingonpolesshowsfarmorethanjustcautionand____15____(brave).There’re21polesbetween1.2mand2.5mhigh,withupto1.8minbetween.Anysinglefalsestepleadstothesedancersfallingtothegroundbelow.____16____theydon’tpractisetogethereverymovehardenough,theyendupsweatingalloverinvain.Still,toyoungergenerations,thisancientartseemslessappealingthanbefore.Besidesfunding,coachesaredifficulttofind,andthatis____17____ithasbecometougherforliondancerstosurvive.Yet,nothingcaneverkeepthem____18____goingforward.“We’reallstruggling____19____(pass)ontheheritage,”DengMinghua,anationalinheritoroftheculturalheritage,_____20_____(say)inaninterviewlastweek.Text3閱讀下面短文。在空白處填入1個適當?shù)膯卧~或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。Somescientiststhink____21____ideaofpeoplelivingonMarswillcometrueoneday.StephenHawkingbelievedhumansmustmoveintospacetosurvive.“Oncewespreadoutintospaceandestablish____22____(dependent)colonies,ourfutureshouldbesafe,”hesaid,RobertZubrin,arocketscientist,agreesandthinksstartingwithMars____23____(make)themostsense.HethinkssendingpeopletoMarswillallowustolearnalot--forexample,abouttheabilityofhumanstoliveinaverydifferentenvironment.However,scientistswillneedtoterraformMarsforpeopletobeabletolive.TerraformingmeanschangingtheenvironmentonaplanetsothatitissimilartoEarth's.OneofthemaingoalsofterraformingMarsistowarmitup____24____theaveragetemperaturethereisabout-60°C．OneideaforwarmingMarsistobuildfactoriesthere____25____producegreenhousegases.Thiscouldtakemany____26____(century).However,itshouldleadtorainfallandthegrowthofplants,____27____(result)inmoreairthatpeoplecanbreathe.AnotherbigconcernforscientistsiswhetherhumanscanmovetoMarsandstilllive____28____(healthy)inmindandbody.Nottofeelbored,humansonMarswould