高考英語(yǔ)一輪復(fù)習(xí)小題強(qiáng)化練習(xí)專題18閱讀理解之猜測(cè)詞義題講解與練習(xí)（含解析）

專題18閱讀理解之猜測(cè)詞義題講解與練習(xí)Part1整體感知猜測(cè)詞義題旨在考查學(xué)生根據(jù)上下文推測(cè)生詞、短語(yǔ)或句意的能力，突出考查對(duì)語(yǔ)境的分析和把握能力。近幾年猜測(cè)詞義題難度略有增加，需要在較為復(fù)雜的句式中通過(guò)上下文綜合分析才能得出答案。猜測(cè)詞義類題目常見的設(shè)問(wèn)方式如下：Theword“…”refersto/probablymeans_______.Theunderlinedword“…”couldbestbereplacedby______.Whatdoyouthinktheexpression“…”standsfor?Bysaying“…”wemean______.“…”asusedinthepassagecanbestbedefinedas_____.Whichofthefollowingwordscantaketheplaceoftheword“…”?Part2方法指導(dǎo)利用指代關(guān)系來(lái)猜測(cè)代詞詞義代詞詞義的猜測(cè)即找出人稱代詞、指示代詞所指代的內(nèi)容。對(duì)于代詞所指代的內(nèi)容的判斷，首先我們要連讀前后段落，了解前后兩段文章的內(nèi)容，然后判斷畫線代詞的類型。接下來(lái)仔細(xì)閱讀前句，一般來(lái)說(shuō)代詞的詞義推測(cè)主要是看前面句子所出現(xiàn)的名詞及相當(dāng)于名詞的表達(dá)。典題例證（2017.全國(guó)卷II閱讀B節(jié)選）Wesharedthebeliefthatifyou’refortunateenoughtohavesuccess,youshouldputsomethingback-hewithhisNewman’sOwnfoodandhisHoleintheWallcampsforkidswhoareseriouslyill,andmewithSundanceandtheinstituteandthefestival.PaulandIdidn’tseeeachotherallthatregularly,butsharingthatbroughtustogether.Wesupportedeachotherfinanciallyandbyshowingupatevents.26.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“that”inparagraph3referto?A.Theirbelief.B.Theircareforchildren.C.Theirsuccess.D.Theirsupportforeachother.解析根據(jù)“Wesharedthebeliefthatifyou’refortunateenoughtohavesuccess,youshouldputsomethingback”可知，下文的內(nèi)容是對(duì)thebelief的解釋，that引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句，解釋說(shuō)明thebelief的具體內(nèi)容。下文提到了我們并不經(jīng)常見面，但是分享這個(gè)信念把我們帶到了一起。故答案為A.利用定義來(lái)猜測(cè)詞義在許多情況下，作者預(yù)計(jì)到某個(gè)詞一般讀者不熟悉，則會(huì)在文章中給出該詞的定義或解釋。這種解釋可能是一種重復(fù)說(shuō)明或定義。通過(guò)閱讀定義和解釋部分，學(xué)生便可理解該詞的基本含義、線索詞有that，whichis等。典題例證（2015.北京高考閱讀C節(jié)選）Transparentanimalsletlightpassthroughtheirbodiesthesamewaylightpassesthroughawindow.解析通過(guò)本句中的定義“thesamewaylightpassesthroughawindow”可知，transparent應(yīng)意為“透明的”。利用定語(yǔ)或同位語(yǔ)來(lái)猜測(cè)詞義通常引出該詞同位語(yǔ)的詞語(yǔ)有or，thatis，inotherwords等，還有的同位語(yǔ)以括號(hào)或破折號(hào)的形式出現(xiàn)。在這些標(biāo)記詞后學(xué)生可較易找到同畫線詞意義相同或相近的詞。典題例證（2018全國(guó)卷II閱讀B節(jié)選）Ifyouhaveajuicer,youcansimplyfeedinfrozenbananasandsomeberriesorslicedfruit.Outcomesa“soft-serve”creamydessert,tobeeatenrightaway.Thismakesafunactivityforachildren’sparty;theylovefeedingthefruitandfrozenbananasintothetopofthemachineandwatchingtheicecreamcomeoutbelow.26.Whatis“ajuicer”inthelastparagraph?A.Adessert. B.Adrink.C.Acontainer. D.Amachine.解析本段對(duì)juicer的功能做了描述，從其中的“youcansimplyfeedinfrozenbananasandsomeberriesorslicedfruit.Outcomesa“soft-serve”creamydessert…”這些字眼可以看出juicer是一種機(jī)器，是一種將冷凍的香蕉、漿果等制成果汁的機(jī)器，此外，最后一句中的“theylovefeedingthefruitandfrozenbananasintothetopofthemachineandwatchingtheicecreamcomeoutbelow.”明確指出畫線詞指的是一種機(jī)器（榨汁機(jī)），因此選D.利用文章同義詞或近義詞在同一句、同一段或同一篇文章中，作者為了避免語(yǔ)言的單調(diào)、重復(fù)，有時(shí)會(huì)使用意思相同或相近的詞。因此考生只要讀懂上下文，知道其中一個(gè)詞的意思，就能猜出另外一個(gè)詞的意思。典題例證（2018.全國(guó)卷III閱讀D節(jié)選）Adultsunderstandwhatitfeelsliketobefloodedwithobjects.Whydoweoftenassumethatmoreismorewhenitcomestokidsandtheirbelongings?ThegoodnewsisthatIcanhelpmyownkidslearnearlierthanIdidhowtolivemorewithless.32.Whatdothewords“moreismore”inparagraph1probablymean? A.Themore,thebetter. B.Enoughisenough. C.Moremoney,moreworries. D.Earnmoreandspendmore.解析根據(jù)第一句“Adultsunderstandwhatitfeelsliketobefloodedwithobjects.”和畫線短語(yǔ)后的“whenitcomestokidsandtheirbelongings”可知這里的moreismore與前面的floodedwith同義，成年人喜歡物品像洪水一樣覆蓋生活中，即大量的，越多越好。故選擇A。利用文章中的舉例猜測(cè)詞義在閱讀理解中學(xué)生可以根據(jù)文章所舉的例子，從具體到一般，猜出該生詞的意思。舉例常用到的信號(hào)詞有：suchas，such…as，forexample，forinstance，like，including，especially等。典題例證（2016.全國(guó)卷III閱讀D節(jié)選）Readersalsotendedtosharearticlesthatwereexcitingorfunny,orthatinspirednegativefeelingslikeangeroranxiety,butnotarticlesthatleftthemmerelysad.解析根據(jù)畫線詞的舉例“l(fā)ikeangeroranxiety”可推知，畫線部分的意思應(yīng)該是“消極的”。利用對(duì)比或比較的詞語(yǔ)來(lái)猜測(cè)的詞義當(dāng)作者強(qiáng)調(diào)的事物之間有區(qū)別或?qū)αr(shí)往往會(huì)運(yùn)用對(duì)比的手法，即會(huì)用到對(duì)比的詞語(yǔ)，例如反義詞，也可以暗示出生詞的含義。注意這些詞語(yǔ)和內(nèi)容則能幫助判斷所需內(nèi)容。能體現(xiàn)對(duì)比關(guān)系的詞匯主要有but，yet，however，while，unlike，instead，ontheotherhand，onthecontrary,incontrastwith等。標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)中的分號(hào)也可以表示對(duì)比。典題例證Ifyou‘retiredofwanderingaroundthegumwastingtimeandbecomingbored,youcanattendanupbeatgroupfitnessclassthat’llkeepyourworkoutontrack.73.Theunderlinedword“upbeat”inthesecondparagraphprobablymeans“_____”.A.cheerful B.average C.serious D.temporary解析根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知，upbeat應(yīng)與上文中的tiredof意義相反，故答案為A.Part3閱讀理解仿真組合練AAfewyearsago,myhusbandCharlieandIhadmaritalproblems.Growingfamilyresponsibilitiesandfinancialworriestookatollonusandwebeganarguingfrequently,oftenlateintothenight.However,neitherofuscouldtakethestepthatwouldendoureleven-yearmarriageandbringheartbreaktoourthreeyoungchildren.Deepdownweknewwestilllovedeachother,sowedeterminedtoworkitout.Throughcountlessdiscussions,webegantoclosethegulf.Themorehonestwewere,thecloserwebecame.WhenIfeltwewerereachingsolidground,Iaskedmyhusbandtogivemean“eternity(永恒)ring”.ItwasnotsomuchtheringIwanted;itwasthereassurance(保證)Ithoughtitwouldbring.Wewentshoppingonabeautifulsummerday.Wewalkedhandinhandalongarowofjeweler’sshops.FinallyIfoundaringIliked.Whilewaitingforittobeadjusted,thejewelertookmylefthandandglancedatmyengagementring.“MayIcleanitforyou?”heasked.“Itreallydoesn’tsparklelikeitusedto.”CharliesaidasIslippedtheringoffmyfinger.Afewminuteslaterthejewelerwasback.Theringshonelikenew!Onthedrivehome,Ididn’ttakemyeyesoffit.Iforgotallabouttheeternityring.Ijustcouldn’tbelievehowthisoldringsuddenlysparkledthewayithadthedayCharliegaveittome.Ihadtakenitforgrantedthesepastyears,butwithalittlepolishitcouldstillmakemyheartbeatfast.Andthat’sthewayitiswithamarriage.Youhavetoworkatkeepingitpolishedandnew,orelsethegrime(污垢)ofthepassingyearswillhidethejoy.Iputmyhandontheseatbetweenusandspreadmyfingers.Charliecoveredmyhandwithhis.IfeltIwasluckytobeabletoseethesparkleinsomethinggoldwhenIthoughtIneededsomethingnew.1.Whydidtheauthorandherhusbanddecidetosolvetheproblems?A.Theywereafamouscouple. B.Theydidn’twanttodivorce.C.Theproblemswerenotserious. D.Theyhadexperienceindoingso.2.Whatdoestheunderlinedpartinparagraph3probablymean?A.freeoftrouble B.arrivingatasquareC.wealthyandgenerous D.ingoodrelationship3.Whydidtheauthorforgetallabouttheeternityringontheirwaybackhome?A.Herhusbandkeptitforher. B.Theydidn’tactuallypayforit.C.Theoldring’slightattractedherattention. D.Thecoupleweretalkingallthewaymerrily.4.Whatdoestheauthormainlywanttoexpressinthelastparagraph?A.Wetendtoprefernewobjectstooldones.B.Oneshouldremainthankfulforwhathehasgot.C.Marriageshouldbeconstantlypolished.D.Weshouldtrytorediscoverthetruevalueofoldobjects.BKongZhenlan,a71-year-oldwomanfromChina’sShanxiProvince,hasdevotedthelastfourdecadesofherlifetoadoptingorphans（孤兒）,makingsurethattheyhadfoodonthetableandgotaccesstoeducation.EventhoughshecouldonlyaffordtosupportherselfonamodestincomeKongZhenlancouldn’tbeartowalkbytheorphanageinJixianCountyeverydayandseesomanychildrenstrugglinginpoverty.Oneday,shestoppedbyandpickedoneoftheorphansinherarms.That’swhensheknewshehadtodosomethingtomaketheirlifebetter.Themodestwomanstartedadoptingtheseabandonedchildrenandnurturingthemasherown.Overthelast47years,shehasadopted45orphans,someofwhomgrewuptobecomedoctorsandlawyers.Kong’soldestadoptedchildis45-years-old,whileheryoungestis9-months-old.Today,heradultchildrendonatesomeoftheirmonthlysalariestohelpbringuptheiryoungersiblings（兄弟姐妹）,butinthebeginning,thewomanhadtomakeduewithwhatshehad.Anditwasn’tmuch.Shewouldspendallhermoneymakingsurethechildrenhadmilktodrink,andiftherewasnoneleftforher,shewouldlookforleftoversinlocalgarbagecans.ThemodestwomanrecentlytoldPearVideothatoverthelast40yearsshehasonlybeengetting2hoursofsleeppernight.Shegoestosleepataroundmidnight,afterputtingthechildrentosleepandfinishingupherchores（家務(wù)）,andgetsuparound2amtocheckifthey’reallstillcoveredwithblankets.Shehasgottenusedtoitandsaidthatashortsleepwasasmallpricetopayformakingsurethechildrengrowuphealthyandhappy.5.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“nurturing”inparagraph2probablymean？A.Examining. B.Observing.C.Raising. D.Preferring.6.HowdoKongZhenlan’sadultchildrenhelpher？A.Supportherfinancially. B.Raisemoneyeverymonth.C.Sellmilkinthemidnight. D.Pickupleftoverswhenfree.7.WhatmakesKongZhenlansparenoefforttoraisetheorphans？A.Herdesiretogetridofloneliness. B.Hereagernesstogetfameandwealth.C.Herwishtofindabetterjobinthisway. D.Herhopeforthechildrentohaveahappylife.8.WhichofthefollowingbestdescribesKongZhenlan？A.Easy-going. B.Kind.C.Creative. D.Reasonable.CInstagram（圖片分享社交應(yīng)用程序）isabouttotakeitsbiggeststeptowardremovinglikesfromitsplatform.Aftermonthsoftestinganoptiontohidelikesinselectinternationalmarkets,Instagram,whichisownedbyFacebook（FB）,hasalreadybeentestinghidinglikesinsevenothercountries,includingCanada,IrelandandAustralia.Foryears,likeshavebeencentraltohowcelebrities,brands,politiciansandeverydayusersexperienceInstagramandFacebook.It'sawayofmeasuringpopularityandsuccess.Butinrecentmonths,Instagramhasbeenrethinkinghowlikescontributetomakingitsplatformmoretoxic.Nowit'sconsideringachange.Thetotalnumberoflikesonposts—whichappearasheartsontheapp——willdisappearfromInstagram'smainfeed,profilepagesandpermalink（永久鏈接）pages.Theowneroftheaccountcanstillseetheirownlikes,buttheirfollowerswon'tknowthecount.CNNBusinesspreviouslyspokewithusersincountrieswiththetest.Themajorityfeltthismovewouldimprovewell-beingontheapp.Instagramisthemostdetrimental（不利的，有害的）socialnetworkingappforyoungpeople'smentalhealth,suchasnegativelyimpactingbodyimage,accordingtoonestudy.Butotherusersandpsychologistssaidhidinglikeswon'tfixeverything.Thetestdoesn'taddresssomeofthekeywaysthatactivityonInstagramcanimpactthewell-beingofusers,includingbullying,feelingleftoutandthinkingotherpeople'slivesarebetterthantheirown.ReneeEngeln,apsychologyprofessoratNorthwesternUniversity,voicedhisopinionthatthebiggestimpactofInstagramisthecontentandtheexposuretothisconstantstreamofperfectedimagesiswhatseemstohurtpsychologically.Plus,userscanstillseetheirownlikes——andfeelbadlyiftheirpostsdon'tperformwell.9.HowdousersexperienceInstagraminthispassage?A.Bygivinglikes. B.Byhidinglikes.C.Byselectingplatforms. D.Byshowingofftalents.10.Theunderlinedword“toxic”inParagraph1mostprobablymeans“”.A.profitableB.poisonousC.popular D.positive11.Whatcanweinferfromthepassage?A.Instagramhasaffectedyoungsters'mentalhealth.B.Theaccountownerswon'tknowthecounto￡likes.CInstagramtestedhidinglikesinsevencountriesfirst.D.ThemajoritythinkInstagramhasbeenawell-beingapp.12.Whatcouldbethebesttitleofthepassage?A.InstagramMisusesLikesB.MorePeopleAreAgainstLikesC.LikesCauseMentalProblemsD.LikeswillBeHiddenonInstagramDIfhumanseversettleonMars,theywillneedwater.Thereisjustoneproblemthereseemstobeonlyhugesheetsofice.Luckily,weknowhowtodrill(鉆孔）iceforwater.SuchmethodsarealreadyusedinAntarctica,andresearchersnowthinktheycouldgetthemtoworkontheRedPlanet,too.TheatmosphereofMarsistoodrytomakeextractingwatervapourfromitpossible.Soiceseemsthebestbet.Buttheobviousicesheetsareintheunlivablepolaricecapsandwouldbedifficulttoreachfordrilling.However,in2018,attheedgeofthecliffs,NASA'sMarsReconnaissanceOrbiterspottedrelativelyaccessiblewatericethatisprobablyatleast130metresthickandcoveredinjustafewmetresofrockanddust.Thesemaybethebestplacetogetthewaterneededforfutureexplorationoftheplanet.ThedrillingtechniquesneededhavealreadybeendevelopedforcoldareasonEarthwhereweneedtomeltburiediceforwater.Intheearly1960stheUSArmyusedatypeofsubsurfacereservoir(水庫(kù))calledRodWell,inarmycampsinGreenland.Themethodworksbydrillingthroughthegroundintotheice,meltingtheicetocreateapool,andthenpumpingwaterup.Bysupplyingheatcontinuously,theycreateareservoirandasteadywatersupply.IthasbeenusedinremoteareassuchastheAmundsen-ScottSouthPoleStationStephenHoffmanattheAerospaceCorporationinTexasandhiscolleaguessimulated(模擬)howaRodWellwoulddoonMars.Theyfoundthatwiththepowerof9kilowatts(千瓦)tomeltice,itcouldintheoryproduceabout380litresofwatereachdayandmaintainareservoirofconstantsizeatthebottomofaborehole(鉆孔).ThatisclosetotheaveragedailywateruseeachpersonintheUS,butabout10timeswhateachastronautontheInternationalSpaceStationusesdaily.13.Whichofthefollowingcanreplacetheunderlinedword"extracting"inthefirstparagraph?A.obtaining B.protectingC.Preventing D.choosing14.WhydoestheauthormentiontheRodWellinParagraph3?A.ToexplainhowwatericeisdrilledonMars.B.Totellaboutthehistoryofwatericedrillingtechniques.C.ToprovetheimportanceofwatericedrillingtechniquesD.ToshowtechniquesfordrillingwaterwellsinMartianiceexist.15.Onaverage,howmuchwaterdoesanastronautontheInternationalSpaceStationusedaily?A.10litres B.38litresC.160litres D.380litres16.Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthetext?A.PreparingtosettleontheRedPlanetoneday.B.FindingwaterontheRedPlanetforsurvival.C.UsingsomewaystocreatealivableenvironmentonMars.D.DrillingwaterwellsinMartianicetosurviveonMars.A【答案】1.B2.D3.C4.C【解析】本文是一篇夾敘夾議文。作者和丈夫曾經(jīng)有過(guò)婚煙問(wèn)題，但雙方均未想要離婚，而是努力解決雙方之間的問(wèn)題。當(dāng)作者提出和丈夫一起去買永恒戒指的時(shí)候，由戒指除垢感悟到平凡的婚煙也應(yīng)該像戒指一樣經(jīng)常除垢，讓它重新生機(jī)勃勃?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段第二句“Deepdownweknewwestilllovedeachother,sowedeterminedtoworkitout.”，作者和丈夫仍然相互愛對(duì)方，都不想結(jié)束他們的婚煙，不想使孩子們傷心，所以他們決定要解決他們之間的問(wèn)題。故B項(xiàng)正確?！?題詳解】詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)第二段最后一句“Throughcountlessdiscussions,webegantoclosethegulf.Themorehonestwewere,thecloserwebecame.”可知，作者和丈夫解決了他們之間的問(wèn)題，關(guān)系越來(lái)越融治。再根據(jù)畫線部分所在句子中的“Iaskedmyhusbandtogivemean“eternity(永恒)ring””可推知，作者感覺(jué)她和丈夫的關(guān)系已經(jīng)很好了，他們已經(jīng)和好如初了。故D項(xiàng)正確?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第五段第一句“Onthedrivehome,Ididn’ttakemyeyesoffit.”可知，作者在回家的路上眼睛一直盯著那枚結(jié)婚戒指，因?yàn)樗?jīng)過(guò)擦拭后重新放出了光芒，猶如丈夫剛給她的那天一樣。早已忘記他們是要去買“永恒戒指”。故C項(xiàng)正確。【4題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段前兩句“Andthat’sthewayitiswithamarriage.Youhavetoworkatkeepingitpolishedandnew,orelsethegrime(污垢)ofthepassingyearswillhidethejoy.”可知，作者認(rèn)為對(duì)待婚姻也應(yīng)該像對(duì)待那枚戒指一樣，經(jīng)常除垢，經(jīng)常發(fā)現(xiàn)婚姻生活中的閃光點(diǎn)，使婚姻保持新鮮。故C項(xiàng)正確?！军c(diǎn)睛】本文小題2考查了詞義猜測(cè)題，由第二段最后一句可知“作者和丈夫解決了他們之間的問(wèn)題。他們的關(guān)系已經(jīng)恢復(fù)了”，可知該短語(yǔ)意為“ingoodrelationship”。本題主要運(yùn)用上下文語(yǔ)境猜測(cè)參與。通過(guò)上下文的具體信息猜測(cè)詞義是目前高考閱讀理解題中最常見的一種命題形式。B【答案】5.C6.A7.D8.B【解析】本文是一篇記敘文。文章講述了一位71歲的老人孔振蘭幾十年如一日地收養(yǎng)孤兒。盡管她自己只有很少的錢,但是她還是盡力讓那些孤兒過(guò)上健康快樂(lè)的生活。【5題詳解】詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)第二段中Themodestwomanstartedadoptingtheseabandonedchildrenandnurturingthemasherown.Overthelast47years,shehasadopted45orphans,someofwhomgrewuptobecomedoctorsandlawyers.這位謙遜的婦女開始收養(yǎng)這些被遺棄的孩子，并把他們當(dāng)作自己的孩子撫養(yǎng)。在過(guò)去的47年里，她收養(yǎng)了45名孤兒，其中一些人后來(lái)成為了醫(yī)生和律師。由此可知，孔振蘭老人收養(yǎng)那些被遺棄的孩子并把他們撫養(yǎng)長(zhǎng)大。故劃線詞的詞義與“Raising”的意思一致。故選C。【6題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中Today,heradultchildrendonatesomeoftheirmonthlysalariestohelpbringuptheiryoungersiblings（兄弟姐妹）如今，她的成年子女將每月工資的一部分捐給撫養(yǎng)弟弟妹妹。由此可知,孔振蘭的長(zhǎng)大的孩子們?cè)诮?jīng)濟(jì)上支持她。故選A?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段Shehasgottenusedtoitandsaidthatashortsleepwasasmallpricetopayformakingsurethechildrengrowuphealthyandhappy.她已經(jīng)習(xí)慣了，她說(shuō)，為了確保孩子們健康快樂(lè)地成長(zhǎng)，短暫的睡眠是一個(gè)小小的代價(jià)。由此,讓孩子們健康快樂(lè)地生活是孔振蘭不辭辛苦養(yǎng)育這些孤兒的動(dòng)力。故選D?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第一段中KongZhenlan,a71-year-oldwomanfromChina’sShanxiProvince,hasdevotedthelastfourdecadesofherlifetoadoptingorphans（孤兒）,makingsurethattheyhadfoodonthetableandgotaccesstoeducation.71歲的孔振蘭(音譯)來(lái)自中國(guó)山西省，她把自己過(guò)去40年的時(shí)間都用來(lái)收養(yǎng)孤兒，確保他們有飯吃，有受教育的機(jī)會(huì)。由此可知，孔振蘭老人能四十年如一日地?fù)狃B(yǎng)孤兒說(shuō)明她是一個(gè)善良的人。故選B。C【答案】9.A10.B11.A12.D【解析】本文為說(shuō)明文。Instagram即將邁出最大的一步，從它的平臺(tái)上移除“點(diǎn)贊”。因?yàn)椤包c(diǎn)贊”讓平臺(tái)變得更“有毒”的，幾個(gè)月來(lái)Instagram一直嘗試在一些國(guó)際市場(chǎng)隱藏“點(diǎn)贊”功能?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中“Foryears,likeshavebeencentraltohowcelebrities,brands,politiciansandeverydayusersexperienceInstagramandFacebook.”多年來(lái)，“點(diǎn)贊”一直是名人、品牌、政客和普通用戶體驗(yàn)Instagram和Facebook的核心。由此可知，體驗(yàn)Instagram是通過(guò)點(diǎn)贊的形式，故選A，【10題詳解】猜測(cè)詞義題。根據(jù)劃線詞的上文“Foryears,likeshavebeencentraltohowcelebrities,brands,politiciansandeverydayusersexperienceInstagramandFacebook.It'sawayofmeasuringpopularityandsuccess.”多年來(lái)，點(diǎn)贊一直是名人、品牌、政客和日常用戶體驗(yàn)Instagram和Facebook的核心重點(diǎn)。點(diǎn)贊是衡量受歡迎程度和成功的一種方法。接著用轉(zhuǎn)折連詞but引出下文“Butinrecentmonths,Instagramhasbeenrethinkinghowlikescontributetomakingitsplatformmoretoxic.”可知，最近幾個(gè)月，Instagram一直在反思“點(diǎn)贊”是如何讓自己的平臺(tái)變得更“toxic”。But表示與前文相反的意思?？芍?，前文敘述“點(diǎn)贊”是一種有用方法，那“toxic”是與之相反的，不好的。再結(jié)合“Instagramisabouttotakeitsbiggeststeptowardremovinglikesfromitsplatform..”Instagram即將邁出最大的一步，從它的平臺(tái)上去除點(diǎn)贊?？赏茢喑觯コc(diǎn)贊可能是因?yàn)樗牟缓玫囊幻妗７治鲞x項(xiàng)A.profitable有利可圖的；B.poisonous有毒的；C.popular受歡迎的；D.positive積極的?？芍狝、C和D都是好的一面，只有B項(xiàng)是不好的。由此推斷出“toxic”是有毒的?！?1題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段“Themajorityfeltthismovewouldimprovewell-beingontheapp.Instagramisthemostdetrimental（不利的，有害的）socialnetworkingappforyoungpeople'smentalhealth,suchasnegativelyimpactingbodyimage,accordingtoonestudy.”大多數(shù)認(rèn)為此舉將提高app的健康。一項(xiàng)研究顯示，Instagram是對(duì)年輕人心理健康最有害的社交網(wǎng)絡(luò)應(yīng)用，比如對(duì)身體形象產(chǎn)生負(fù)面影響。由此可推斷出Instagram影響了青少年的心理健康。故選A?！?2題詳解】主旨大意題。本文第一段敘述了Instagram即將邁出最大的一步，從它的平臺(tái)上移除“點(diǎn)贊”。幾個(gè)月來(lái)Instagram一直在嘗試在一些國(guó)際市場(chǎng)隱藏“點(diǎn)贊”功能。因?yàn)椤包c(diǎn)贊”平臺(tái)變得更“有毒”的。接著下文具體分析了“點(diǎn)贊”造成的不好的影響，從而正要隱藏“點(diǎn)贊”。文章分析“點(diǎn)贊”帶來(lái)的不好的影響，所以要在Instagram隱藏“點(diǎn)贊”功能。因此D項(xiàng)是最最佳題目。故選D。【點(diǎn)睛】在閱讀中我們經(jīng)常會(huì)考查猜測(cè)詞義題。事實(shí)上，閱讀材料中的每個(gè)詞與它前后的詞語(yǔ)或句子甚至段落都有聯(lián)系。運(yùn)用邏輯推理猜測(cè)詞義是使用最廣考查最多也最易失分的猜詞方式，這要求考生具備整合分散、復(fù)雜信息的能力，充分利用上下文（各種已知信息）并結(jié)合具體的語(yǔ)境推測(cè)、判斷某些詞或短語(yǔ)的詞義。例如第2小題詞意猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)劃線詞的上文“Foryears,likeshavebeencentraltohowcelebrities,brands,politiciansandeverydayusersexperienceInstagramandFacebook.It'sawayofmeasuringpopularityandsuccess.”多年來(lái)，點(diǎn)贊一直是名人、品牌、政客和日常用戶體驗(yàn)Instagram和Facebook的核心重點(diǎn)。點(diǎn)贊是衡量受歡迎程度和成功的一種方法。接著用轉(zhuǎn)折連詞but引出下文“Butinrecentmonths,Instagramhasbeenrethinkinghowlikescontributetomakingitsplatformmoretoxic.”可知，最近幾個(gè)月，Instagram一直在反思“點(diǎn)贊”是如何讓自己的平臺(tái)變得更“t