英語現(xiàn)在完成時

【SpecialDifficulties】雙賓語：直接賓語（表示動作結(jié)果）和間接賓語（動作目標）givesth.tosb.sth:直接賓語sb.間接賓語間接賓語在后面時，其前必須加to(對??而言）或for（為??而做）giveabooktome.Ibuyabookforyoutakeflowerstomywife.可以翻譯為＂給＂、＂替＂、＂為＂的，就用for;如果只能翻譯為＂給＂的，就用to與for相連的buy,order,make,findfindsthforsb.dosb.afavor幫某人一個忙(favorvt.贊成、喜歡n.喜愛)Domeafavorplease./Doafavorforme.Exercise1.Hepaidsomemoneytotheshop-keeper.3.Thewriterbroughtthemanabottleofbeer.Whatdoyouthinkof…?你覺得…怎么樣Whatdoyouthinkoftheweathertoday?WhatdoyouthinkofTVprogramlastnight?latest:最新的latestnewslateststylethinkof記起，想起；考慮；想像；關(guān)心

thinkabout:考慮、思考、想makeupone'smind:下定決心changeone'smind:改變主意makeawish:愿望Lesson4AnexcitingtripIhavejustreceivedaletterfrommybrother,Tim.HeisinAustralia.Hehasbeenthereforsixmonths.Timisanengineer.HeisworkingforabigfirmandhehasalreadyvisitedagreatnumberofdifferentplacesinAustralia.HehasjustboughtanAustraliancarandhasgonetoAlicesprings,asmalltowninthecentreofAustralia.HewillsoonvisitDarwin.Fromthere,hewillflytoPerth.Mybrotherhasneverbeenabroadbefore,soheisfeelingthistripveryexciting★excitingadj.令人興奮的excite:激動excited:-ed:自己感到-ing:令人感到excitingboyinterestingmanThemanisinteresting.Thenewsexciting,Iamexcited★receivev.接受，收到accept：同意,接收ThismorningIreceivedabunchofflowersfromaboy,butIdidn'tacceptit.receive/havealetterfromsomebody.收到某人的來信★firmn.商行，公司(company)堅定的adj.；牢固的；嚴格的

★abroadadv.在國外goabroadliveabroadstudyabroadworkforworkin強調(diào)地點workfor強調(diào)workIamworkingforaschool.IamworkingintheNewOrientalschool.agreatnumberofalotofagreatnumberof后面一定要加可數(shù)名詞復數(shù)alotof可加可數(shù)名詞也可加不可數(shù)名詞Ihavealotoffriends.ThereisalotofwateronthegroundIhaveagreatnumberoffriends.現(xiàn)在完成時講解一．基本結(jié)構(gòu)：助動詞have/has+過去分詞(done)二．句型：否定句：主語+have/has+not+過去分詞+其他.一般疑問句：Have/Has+主語+過去分詞+其他.簡略答語:Yes,主語+have/has.(肯定)No,主語+haven't/hasn't.(否定)三．用法（1）現(xiàn)在完成時表示過去發(fā)生或已經(jīng)完成的動作對現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果Ihavespentallofmymoney(sofar).(含義是:現(xiàn)在我沒有錢花了.)Jimhasalreadycome.(含義：Jim現(xiàn)在在這兒)Myfatherhasgonetowork.(含義是:我爸爸現(xiàn)在不在這兒)（2）現(xiàn)在

完成時可以用來表示發(fā)生在過去某一時刻的,持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動作（用行為動詞表示）或狀態(tài)（be動詞表示）常與for（+時間段）,since（+時間點或過去時的句子）連用.①for+時段②since+過去一個時間點（譯為：自從??以來）③since+時段+ago④since+從句（過去時）⑤Itis+時段+since+從句（過去時）Maryhasbeenillforthreedays.Ihavelivedheresince1998.四．hasgone(to),hasbeen(to),hasbeen(in)的區(qū)別Have/Hasgone(to):去了(現(xiàn)在不在說話現(xiàn)場)Whereisyourfather？HehasgonetoShanghai.Have/Hasbeen(to):去過（MyfatherhasbeentoShanghai.已不在去過的地方）Have/hasbeenin：呆了多久（還在所呆的地方）MyfatherhasbeeninShanghaifortwomonths./sincetwomonthsago.五．現(xiàn)在完成時的標志1.現(xiàn)在完成時的含義之一是過去完成的動作對現(xiàn)在仍有影響,用以下四大標志詞可以表達這種含義:*以already,just和yet為標志Hehasalreadygotherhelp.他已得到她的幫助。

Hehasjustseenthefilm.他剛剛看過這場電影。Hehasn'tcomebackyet.他還沒有回來。*以ever和never為標志ThisisthebestfilmIhaveeverseen.這是我曾經(jīng)看過的最好的一部電影。HehasneverbeentoBeijing.他從沒有到過北京。*以動作發(fā)生的次數(shù)為標志HesayshehasbeentotheUSAthreetimes.他說他已經(jīng)去過美國三次了。*以sofar（到目前為止）為標+beforeHehasgottoBeijingsofar.到目前為止他已到了北京。Shehaspassedtheexamsofar.到目前為止她已經(jīng)通過了考試。2.過去已經(jīng)開始的動作一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在,甚至有可能繼續(xù)延續(xù)下去,我們可以從動作“延續(xù)”的特性和“時間”點段的區(qū)分入手,進一步學習現(xiàn)在完成時。*①for+時段②since+過去一個時間點（過去從句）為標志英語中的動詞從詞義上可以分為延續(xù)性和非延續(xù)性兩種。在現(xiàn)在完成時態(tài)中一定要注意動詞這一特性，應將這類非延續(xù)性動詞轉(zhuǎn)換為延續(xù)性動詞。如：“Cats”hasbeenonforhalfanhour.《貓》已經(jīng)開演(begin)半個小時了。Howlonghaveyouhadthisdictionary?這本字典你買(buy)了多久了?

初中階段常見的有：come—be,goout—beout,leave—beaway,begin—beon,buy—have,borrow—keep,join—beamember/介詞短語,die—bedead,become—be,open(v.)—beopen(adj.)等注意：1)現(xiàn)在完成時不能單獨與過去的時間狀語連用,如yesterday,lastweek,threeyearsago等;2)不能與when連用2.現(xiàn)在完成時往往同表示不確定的過去時間狀語連用現(xiàn)在完成時練習(一)一、單項選擇。1、Bothhisparentslooksad.Maybethey_________what'shappenedtohim.Ａ.knewＢ.haveknownＣ.mustknowＤ.willknow2、Hehas_______beentoShanghai,hashe?Ａ.alreadyＢ.neverＣ.everＤ.still3、HaveyoumetMrLi______？Ａ.justＢ.agoＣ.beforeＤ.amomentago4、Thefamouswriter_____onenewbookinthepasttwoyears.Ａ.iswritingＢ.waswritingＣ.wroteＤ.haswritten5、—Ourcountry______alotsofar.—Yes.Ihopeitwillbeeven______.Ａ.haschanged;wellＢ.changed;goodＣ.haschanged;betterＤ.changed;better

6、ZhaoLan______already______inthisschoolfortwoyears.Ａ.was;studyingＢ.will;studyＣ.has;studiedＤ.are;studying7、We______XiaoLisinceshewasalittlegirl.Ａ.knowＢ.hadknownＣ.haveknownＤ.knew8、HarryPotterisaverynicefilm.I_______ittwice.Ａ.willseeＢ.haveseenＣ.sawＤ.see9、—ThesefarmershavebeentotheUnitedStates.—Really?When_____there?Ａ.willtheygoＢ.didtheygoＣ.dotheygoＤ.havetheygone10、—______you___yourhomeworkyet?—Yes.I_____itamomentago.Ａ.Did;do;finishedＢ.Have;done;finishedＣ.Have;done;havefinishedＤ.will;do;finish11、Hisfather______thePartysince1978.Ａ.joinedＢ.hasjoinedＣ.wasinＤ.hasbeenin12、—Doyouknowhimwell?—Sure.We_________friendssincetenyearsago.Ａ.wereＢ.havebeenＣ.havebecomeＤ.havemade13、—Howlonghaveyou____here?—Abouttwomonths.

Ａ.beenＢ.goneＣ.comeＤ.arrived14、Hurryup!Theplay__________fortenminutes.Ａ.hasbegunＢ.hadbegunＣ.hasbeenonＤ.began15、It_____tenyearssinceheleftthearmy.Ａ.isＢ.hasＣ.willＤ.was16、MissGreenisn'tintheoffice.she_______tothelibrary.Ａ.hasgoneＢ.wentＣ.willgoＤ.hasbeen17、Myparents______Shandongfortenyears.Ａ.havebeeninＢ.havebeentoＣ.havegonetoＤ.havebeen18、Thestudentshavecleanedtheclassroom,?A.sotheyB.don’ttheyC.havetheyD.haven’tthey19、_____hasMrWhitebeenamemberofGreenerChinasincehe____toChina?A.Howsoon,comesB.Howoften,gotC.Howlong,cameD.Howfar,arrived20、Hisuncle____formorethan9years.A.hascomehereB.hasstartedtoworkC.haslivedthereD.haslefttheuniversity二、句型轉(zhuǎn)換。1、Hehasneversurfed,?（改成反意疑問句）

2、Theyhavebeenheresince2000.(對劃線部分提問)____＿＿theybeenhere?3、Theoldman_________lastyear.He＿＿＿＿forayear.(die)（動詞填空）4、Thisfactoryopenedtwentyyearsago.(同義句轉(zhuǎn)換)Thisfactory________fortwentyyears.5、MissGaoleftanhourago.(同義句轉(zhuǎn)換)MissGao_______________________________anhourago.6、HermotherhasbeenaPartymemberforthreeyears.（同義句）Hermother_______thePartythreeyears________.7、TheGreenFamilymovedtoFrancetwoyearsago.(同義句轉(zhuǎn)換)_______twoyears________theGreenfamilymovedtoFrance.8、Thebushasarrivedhere.Itarrivedtenminutesago.(把兩個句子合并成一個句子)___________________________________________三、漢譯英。1、吉姆已做完作業(yè)，他現(xiàn)在有空了。2、他昨天收到一封信。3、我父親以前到過長城。4、她還沒有看過那部新電影。5、她去過上海。6、他這些天上哪兒去了？參考答案：一、單項選擇。1、現(xiàn)在完成時主要強調(diào)過去發(fā)生的動作對現(xiàn)在造成的影響，或過去發(fā)生的動作還未結(jié)束，一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在或?qū)?，重點在于對現(xiàn)在的影響。這種考查難度較大，往往無時間狀語，需要從上下文分析、推理才行。故上兩側(cè)根據(jù)上下文分析、推理，正確答案是Ｂ。2、現(xiàn)在完成時常與already（已經(jīng)），just（剛剛，正好），ever（曾經(jīng)），never（從來，也不；從不），before（以前），yet（仍然）等連用。故2應選3、C4、現(xiàn)在完成時常與recently（近來），“l(fā)ast+一段時間”等時間狀語連用。因為上述短語表示的是從現(xiàn)在B。sofar（到目前為止），inthepast/起往前推算的一段時間，句中的動作是從過去某一時間或時刻開始持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的。故4應選D。5、C6、現(xiàn)在完成時時常與“for+時間從句，從6應選C。7、C8、現(xiàn)在完成時還與onc