2021屆新高考版高考英語小題優(yōu)練沖刺訓(xùn)練（十八）（含答案解析）

2021新高考版高考英語小題優(yōu)練沖刺訓(xùn)練（十八）

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PassageA

Sharksareamazingcreatures.Theyareknownasthedeadliesthuntersinthesea.

Fortunatelymostarenot,buttherearesomekindsofsharksthatcanbeextremelydangerous.

Lookattheseshortdescriptionsoffourkindsofsharks.

TheGreatWhiteShark

GreatWhitesareoneofthemostfrighteningcreaturesinthesea.Theyliveintropicaland

subtropicalwaters,andtheycangrowupto9meterslong.MostGreatWhitesareactuallygrey,

blueorbrownwithawhitebelly,andtheirpowerfulteetharetriangleswithedgeslikesaws.

TheWhaleShark

WhaleSharksarethelargestkindofsharkintheworld-upto11metersinlength.Theylive

intropicalwatersallaroundtheworld,buttheyarenotdangerous.WhaleSharksarebrownor

greywithwhiteoryellowstripes.Theyoftentravelnearthesurfaceofthesea.

TheMakoShark

MakoSharksarefiercepredators.TheycomefromthesamefamilyofsharksastheGreat

Whiteandtheyareespeciallyfast-theycanswimatspeedsofupto65kilometersperhour.They

arelargebluishsharksfoundintheAtlantic,PacificandIndianoceans.MakoSharkscangrowup

to3meterslong.

TheGreatHammerheadShark

TheGreatHammerheads*moststrikingfeatureisitswidethickheadwhichlookslikea

hammer.TheaveragesizeofaGreatHammerheadisapproximately3.5meters,butcangrowup

to6meterslong.Thesesharksaverageover500poundsbutcanweighasmuchas1,000pounds.

Likemostsharksthefemalesarelargerthanthemales.Theyhaveseveralrowsofteeththathave

24to37teethperrow.TheGreatHammerheadhasaverykeensenseofsmell,whichhelpsfind

itsprey.

1.Whatcanwelearnfromthetext?

A.Sharksusuallyliveinicywaters.

B.MakoSharksarefastbutnotdangerous.

C.GreatWhiteshaveatleast24to37sharpteeth.

D.WhaleSharksarebiggerthanothersharksinthesea.

2.WhyisasharkcalledtheGreatHammerhead?

A.Thesizeofitsbody.B.Thewatersitlivesin.

C.Theshapeofitshead.D.Thefunctionofitsteeth.

3.Fromwhichisthetextprobablytaken?

A.Anewsreport.B.Abookreview.

C.Anadvertisement.D.Abiologymagazine.

PassageB

OneSaturdayafternooninJune,inthebusystreetsofcentralLondon,somethingstrange

happened.AmanwasseenapparentlyfloatingbesideaLondonbusasitdroveabouttown.Oneof

hisarmswasstretchedoutandwasattachedtotheroofofthebus.Thisarmappearedtobetheonly

thingsupportingtherestofhisbody.Themanwavedtothecrowdswithhisotherhandandmoved

hislegs.Washereallywalkingonair?Howwasitpossible?Itturnedouttobethelatestshowfrom

Dynamo,oneoftheworld'smostthrillingillusionists（魔術(shù)師）.

Thiswasn'tthefirsttimeDynamohadamazedthepeopleofLondon.Twoyearsearlier,tourists

walkingbytheRiverThameswerealittleconcernedtoseeayoungmangodownsomestepstothe

edgeoftheriverandlookthoughtfullyacrosstotheotherside.Washegoingtothrowhimselfinto

theriver?Moreandmorepeoplegatheredonthebridgetoseewhatwasgoingon.Andtotheir

completedisbelief,helifteduphisfootandsteppedontothewater.Hedidn'tsink!Thenhetook

anotherstep,andanother,andanother.Hundredsofphotosweretakenbytheonlookersandthenext

daythenewspaperswerefullofthefascinatingstory.

DynamoisthestagenameofStephenFrayne,whowasborninthenorthernEnglishtownof

Bradford.Hewasattractedbystreetmagiciansasachildandwantedtobecomeoneinthefuture.

Taughtbyhisgrandfather,heshowedgreattalentinit.Hecombinedcardtrickswithbreakingdance

andthenmadeanameforhimself.Butnowwhateveryonewantstoknowis:afterwalkingonair

andwater,whatishegoingtodonext?

4.HowdidDynamoastonishtheaudience?

A.ByfloatingonthetopofaLondonbus.

B.Byperformingsomequiteunbelievabletricks.

C.Bybeingattachedtothebuswithonehand.

D.Bybeingamagicianasayoungboy.

5.WhathelpedDynamogainhisearliestfame?

A.Owningaspecialstagename.

B.WalkingacrosstheRiverThamesalone.

C.Beingtheonlyonefloatingbyamovingbus.

D.Presentinganappealingcombinedtrick.

6.WhoinspiredDynamotodecideonhiscareerfirst?

A.Somestreetmagicians.

B.Hisgrandfather.

C.Breakingdanceperformers.

D.Theaudience.

7.Whatcanwelearnfromthelastparagraph?

A.Dynamooncewasagreatmagician.

B.Dynamo'sgrandpaknowsagreatmagician.

C.Dynamo'scareeristakingoff.

D.Dynamoisthemostsuccessfulmagicianatpresent.

PassageC

Whenhewastwoyearsold,Benstoppedseeingoutofhislefteye.Hismothertookhimtothe

doctorandsoondiscoveredhehadcancerinbotheyes.Afterpossibletreatmentsfailed,doctors

removedbothhiseyes.ForBen,visionwasgoneforever.

Butbythetimehewassevenyearsold,hehaddevelopedatechniqueforfeelingtheworld

aroundhim:heclickedwithhismouthandlistenedforthereturningechoes.Thismethodenabled

Bentodeterminethelocationsofopendoorways,people,parkedcars,garbagecans,andsoon.He

wasecholocating:bouncinghissoundwavesoffobjectsintheenvironmentandcatchingthe

reflectionstobuildamentalmodelofhissurroundings.

Echolocationmaysoundlikeanimprobablefeatfbrahuman,butthousandsofblindpeople

haveperfectedthisskill,justlikeBendid.Theeventhasbeenwrittenaboutsinceatleastthe1940s,

whentheword"echolocation”wasfirstinventedinasciencearticletitledEcholocationbyBlind

Men,Bats,andRadar.n

Howcouldblindnessgiverisetotheamazingabilitytounderstandthesurroundingswithone's

ears?Theanswerliesinagiftonthebrain;hugeadaptability.

MotherNaturefilledourbrainswithflexibilitytoadapttocircumstances.Justassharpteeth

andfastlegsareusefulforsurvival,soisthebrain'sabilitytoreset,whichallowsforlearning,

memory,anddieabilitytodevelopnewskills.

InBen'scase,hisbrain'sflexiblewiringrepurposedhisvisualcortexforprocessingsound.As

aresult,Benhadmoreneuronsavailabletodealwithlisteninginformation,andthisincreased

processingpowerallowedBentointerpretsoundwavesinshockingdetail.Ben'ssuper-hearing

provesamoregeneralrule:themorebrainareaaparticularsensehas,thebetteritperforms.

1.HowdidBen4tsee^^afterhehadhiseyesremoved?

A.Byusingawalkingstick.B.Byaskingothersforhelp.

C.Byinventinganewsystem.D.Byecholocatingsurroundings.

2.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"fbat"inParagraph3probablymean?

A.Skill.B.Task.C.Sense.D.Invention.

3.WhatcanwelearnfromBen'scase?

A.Helaughsbestwholaughslast.

B.Actionsspeaklouderthanwords.

C.Godshutsonedoorbutheopensanother.

D.Manbecomeslearnedbyaskingquestions.

4.Inwhichcolumnofamagazinecanwereadthispassage?

A.CultureShock.B.HumanBiology.

C.ScientificTechnology.D.EnvironmentalProtection.

PassageD

Amsterdam'sBlossomingBikesPopUp

Brightlycolouredbikesdecoratedinflowers,butterfliesandclockshavebeenpoppingupall

overAmsterdamforyears.1.TheyarefromanAmericanmannamedWarren

Gregory.

KnownfondlyastheFlowerBikeMan,Warren^bike-decoratingcampaignbeganwhenhis

wifecouldn'tfindherbikeatAmsterdamCentral.Warren'swife,Michelle,oftenstruggledto

rememberdetailslikewheresheparkedherbike.Tohelpherout,Warrendecoratedherbikein

brightflowers.2.Hethendecoratedabunchofabandonedbikes,whichheleftalongthe

routehomesothatshewouldnevergetlostagain.

3.Warrenstarteddecoratingmorebikes,andthenventuredoutintothestreetsearly

inthemorningtoleavehisgiftstotheworldbeforethecitywokeup.Eachbikewascarefullynamed

andhaditsownpersonality,allrepresentingloveandhappiness.

Warrencreatesthebikesusingmoneyoutofhisownpocket,andusesold,abandonedbikes

thathecollects.Bringingtheseforgottenwrecksbacktolifeisbeautifulinsomanyways.Ina

countrywherepeoplelovebikessomuch,it'snowonderthatWarrenhasbecomeatreasurein

Amsterdam.PeopleloveWarren'sbicyclessomuchthattheyinsistonpayingforhiscreations.

4.“Forme,seeingthebikesIcreatedisenough,“hesaid.

Otherthanbeingacreativeartist,Warrenisalsoareallyniceguy.HisInstagrampostsare

floodedwithencouragementsandwordsoflove,andyoucanfeelthetimeandlovethathepours

intoeverybikethathecreates.5.

A.Buttheyareunacceptable

B.Inthatcase,itwouldbeeasiertofind

C.Butmoneyisneverhismainmotivation

D.Youmaywonderwhytheyaresopopular

E.Joyofpassers-bygeneratedhisfurtherenthusiasm

F.WetrulyneedmorepeopleliketheFlowerBikeMan

G.TheyarenottheworksfromamysteriousDutchbikefairy

PassageE

假設(shè)你是李華，上周四下午，你學(xué)校學(xué)生會(huì)舉辦了“世界地球日”活動(dòng)。作為學(xué)校英語報(bào)

社的記者，請(qǐng)你就本次活動(dòng)寫一篇題目為“EarthDay,TakeAction”的英文報(bào)道。內(nèi)容要點(diǎn)如

下：

1.活動(dòng)的時(shí)間、地點(diǎn);

2.活動(dòng)內(nèi)容：

(1)打掃教室衛(wèi)生；

(2)校園撿垃圾；

(3)檢查水龍頭等；

3.活動(dòng)的意義。

注意：詞數(shù)80左右；可適當(dāng)增加細(xì)節(jié)使行文連貫

EarthDay,TakeAction

參考答案：

A

1.D根據(jù)TheWhaleShark中“WhaleSharksarethelargestkindofsharkintheworld-upto

11metersinlength.(鯨鯊是世界上最大的鯊魚，身長可達(dá)11米。)”可知，鯨鯊比海里的其

他鯊魚都大。故選D項(xiàng)。

2.C根據(jù)TheGreatHammerheadShark中“TheGreatHammerheads'moststrikingfeature

isitswidethickheadwhichlookslikeahammer.(大錘頭鯊最顯著的特征是它又寬又厚的頭，

看起來像錘子。)”可知，因?yàn)樗^的形狀，有一種鯊魚被稱為大錘頭鯊。故選C項(xiàng)。

3.D根據(jù)第一段uSharksareamazingcreatures.Theyareknownasthedeadliesthuntersin

thesea.Fortunatelymostarenot,buttherearesomekindsofsharksthatcanbeextremely

dangerous.Lookattheseshortdescriptionsoffourkindsofsharks.(鯊魚是令人驚奇的生物。它

們是海洋中最致命的獵手。幸運(yùn)的是，大多數(shù)鯊魚都不是，但有一些種類的鯊魚可能是極其

危險(xiǎn)的?？纯催@些對(duì)四種鯊魚的簡短描述。)”本文介紹了四種海洋里的鯊魚，可知，本文

可能選自一本生物學(xué)雜志。故選D項(xiàng)。

B

1o根據(jù)第二段第一句“Thiswasn'tthefirsttimeDynamohadamazedthepeopleofLondon.

（這已經(jīng)不是迪納摩第一次讓倫敦人感到驚訝了）''和第五句"Andtotheircompletedisbelief,he

lifteduphisfootandsteppedontothewater.（讓他們完全難以置信的是，他抬起一只腳，踩到

了水面上廣可知，迪納摩表演了一些令人難以置信的戲法，使觀眾們大吃一驚。故選B。

2o根據(jù)最后一段倒第二句"Hecombinedcardtrickswithbreakingdanceandthenmadea

nameforhimself.（他把紙牌戲法和霹靂舞結(jié)合起來，然后就出了名戶可知，一個(gè)吸引人的組

合戲法幫助迪納摩獲得了他最早的名聲。故選D。

3o根據(jù)最后一段第二句"Hewasattractedbystreetmagiciansasachildandwantedto

becomeoneinthefulure.（他從小就被街頭魔術(shù)師所吸引，并希望將來能成為一名街頭魔術(shù)

師）”可知，一些街頭魔術(shù)師啟發(fā)迪納摩決定了他的職業(yè)生涯。故選A。

4o根據(jù)最后一段最后一句"Butnowwhateveryonewantstoknowis:afterwalkingonair

andwater,whatishegoingtodonext?（但現(xiàn)在每個(gè)人都想知道的是：在空中和水上行走之后，

他下一步要做什么？）”可知，現(xiàn)在每個(gè)人都在期待他的表揚(yáng)，所以迪納摩的事業(yè)正在起飛。

故選C。

C

1o根據(jù)第二段中"Butbythetimehewassevenyearsold,hehaddevelopedatechniquefor

feelingtheworldaroundhim:heclickedwithhismouthandlistenedforthereturningechoes.（但

在他七歲的時(shí)候，他已經(jīng)發(fā)展出了一種感受周圍世界的技術(shù)：他用嘴發(fā)出咔噠咔噠的聲音，

聽著聲音的回音）“可知，Ben的眼睛被摘除后，他通過回聲定位周圍環(huán)境。故選D。

2o根據(jù)畫線詞后文“butthousandsofblindpeoplehaveperfectedthisskill,justlikeBen

did”可知，回聲定位對(duì)人類來說可能聽起來是一項(xiàng)不太可能的技能，但成千上萬的盲人已經(jīng)

完善了這項(xiàng)技能，就像Ben一樣。由此推知，畫線詞意思是“技能:A.Skill.技能；B.Task.

任務(wù);C.Sense.感覺；D.Invention.發(fā)明。故選A。

3o根據(jù)第一段的“ForBen,visionwasgoneforever”（對(duì)于Ben來說視覺永遠(yuǎn)失去了）和

最后?段中“InBen'scase,hisbrain'sflexiblewiringrepurposedhisvisualcortexforprocessing

sound.Asaresult,Benhadmoreneuronsavailabletodealwithlisteninginformation,andthis

increasedprocessingpowerallowedBentointerpretsoundwavesinshockingdetail.（在Ben的例

子中，他大腦的靈活線路改變了他的視覺皮層處理聲音的功能。結(jié)果，Ben有了更多的神經(jīng)

元可用來處理聽到的信息，這種增強(qiáng)的處理能力使Ben能夠以驚人的細(xì)節(jié)解釋聲波）”可知，

Ben雖然失去了視力，但發(fā)展出了回聲定位的技能，所以他的故事告訴我們“天無絕人之路''

的道理。故選C。

4?根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段“MotherNaturefilledourbrainswithflexibilitytoadaptto

circumstances.Justassharpteethandfastlegsareusefulforsurvival,soisthebrain'sabilityto

reset,whichallowsforlearning,memory,anddieabilitytodevelopnewskills.（大自然讓我們的

大腦充滿了適應(yīng)環(huán)境的靈活性。就像鋒利的牙齒和快速的腿有助于生存一樣，大腦的重置能

力也是如此，它允許學(xué)習(xí)、記憶和死亡發(fā)展新技能的能力）”結(jié)合文章講述了Ben兩歲時(shí)摘除

了雙眼，結(jié)果他在七歲時(shí)發(fā)展出了回聲定位的技能。大自然讓我們的大腦充滿了適應(yīng)環(huán)境的

靈活性，Ben的超級(jí)聽力證明了一個(gè)更普遍的規(guī)律：一種特殊感官在大腦中占據(jù)的區(qū)域越多，

它的表現(xiàn)就越好。可推知，文章可能選自“人類生物學(xué)”專欄。故選B。

D

1：根據(jù)前文"Brightlycolouredbikesdecoratedinflowers,butterfliesandclockshavebeen

poppingupalloverAmsterdamforyears.（多年來，裝飾著鮮花、蝴蝶和鐘表的色彩鮮艷的自行

車在阿姆斯特丹隨處可見。）”可知，出現(xiàn)在阿姆斯特丹的自行車裝扮漂亮，結(jié)合后文"Theyare

fromanAmericanmannamedWarrenGregory.（它們來自一個(gè)叫沃倫.格雷戈里的美國人。）”

可知，G項(xiàng)”它們不是來自神秘的荷蘭自行車精靈的作品。”與后文語義一致，介紹這種裝扮

鮮艷的自行車的由來。故選G。

2：根據(jù)前文“Warren'sbike-decoratingcampaignbeganwhenhiswifecouldn'tfindherbike

atAmsterdamCentral.Warren'swife,Michelle,oftenstruggledtorememberdetailslikewhere

sheparkedherbike.Tohelpheroul,Warrendecoratedherbikeinbrightflowers.（他的自行車裝

飾活動(dòng)始于他妻子在阿姆斯特丹中心找不到她的自行車。沃倫的妻子米歇爾經(jīng)常很難記住一

些細(xì)節(jié)，比如她把自行車停在了哪里。為了幫助她，沃倫用鮮艷的花裝飾她的自行車。）"

可知，這種裝扮鮮艷的自行車初衷是沃倫用來幫助妻子快速找到自行車而為的。選項(xiàng)B“那

樣的話，就更容易找到了。”承接前文，與后文"HeIhendecoratedabunchofabandonedbikes,

whichheleftalongtheroutehomesothatshewouldnevergetlostagain.（然后他裝飾了一堆廢

棄的自行車，把它們放在回家的路上，這樣她就不會(huì)再迷路了。）”相呼應(yīng)，語義通順。故選

B。

3：根據(jù)后文"Warrenstarteddecoratingmorebikes,andthenventuredoutintothestreets

earlyinthemorningtoleavehisgiftstotheworldbeforethecitywokeup.（沃倫開始裝飾更多

的自行車，然后在清晨走上街頭，在這座城市蘇醒之前將他的禮物獻(xiàn)給全世界。）”可知，沃

倫更熱衷于裝扮自行車，所以E項(xiàng)“過路人的歡樂使他更加興奮。”說明了沃倫熱衷于此的原

因。故選E。

4：根據(jù)前文