新高考適用2023版高考英語二輪總復(fù)習(xí)第1部分閱讀能力突破篇專題1閱讀理解第3講詞句猜測(cè)題

第一部分專題一第3講A(2022·江蘇省南通市高三基地學(xué)校第三次大聯(lián)考)GrowingupinanunderdevelopedzoneofJohannesburg,SouthAfrica,MusaMothasayshissurroundingsweren?texactlyideal.Soccerwashisfavoritesport,andhefondlyremembersthetimesheplayedforthelocalyouthteam.Butwhenhewas10yearsold,heinjuredinhisleftleg.Thischangedeverything.Abonemarrowbiopsy(骨髓活檢)revealedMothahadosteosarcoma,atypeofbonecancer,inhisleftleg.Whilehissoccerinjurywasnotthecause,itdiddrawattentiontothealready-presentcancer.Hechosetheamputation(截肢)andeversincethatday,hedecidedhewasgoingtoapproachlifedifferently—morepositively,hesaid.Truetohisword,Motha,now26,canbeseentwirling(轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng))acrossstagesaroundtheworld.Hefirstencountereddanceataneighborhoodparty,whereheaskedafriendtoteachhimsomemodifiedmoves.“ThenIdancedthewholenight，”herecalled.Histalentsdidnotgounnoticed;hebeganappearinginSouthAfricanTVadsandshows.HeevenappearedinDrake?sOneDancemusicvideo.Mothathinksthatrepresentationneedstoextendbeyondtheperformingarts.“Themorewecanseethedisabledpersoninmultipleaspectsoflife,suchashelicopterpilots,engineers,chefs,choreographersandprofessors,thegreaterhopewecanholdontoforasocietywherenooneisonthemargins，”hesaid.That?sMotha?sdreamaswell.Thoughhesaidthatdancegavehim“apurpose”，headded“Idon?twanttoseemyselfasadanceronly.”Hewantstocreateaspaceforotherpeoplewithdisabilitiestogooutsidetheircomfortzone—fromsoccertosinging.Hefeelsthatgreaterrepresentationwillcreatemoreopportunitiesandinclusion,pavingthewayforpeoplewithdisabilitiestoshine.“Insteadoftellingasobstory,Ifindthatthemostbeautifulstoriesareaftertheamputation，”Mothasaid.Heencouragesotherswithdisabilitiesthatthey,too,candoeverything:“There?sawholelotofthingsthatyoucanovercomeandthatactuallydefinehowstrongyouare.”1．WhatcausedthediscoveryofMotha?scancer？________A．Theterriblelivingenvironment.B．Theroutinemedicalexamination.C．Theaccidentalinjuryinhisleftleg.D．Thehighamputationofhisleftleg.2．WhydoesMotharefusetoseehimselfasadanceronly？________A．Toindicatethatdanceisnolongerhisfavorite.B．Toinspirethedisabledtogobeyondthemselves.C．Tostresshehasn?tgoneoutsidehiscomfortzone.D．Toshowoffhistalentsinmoreaspectsofhislife.3．WhatdoestheunderlinedsentenceinParagraph4probablymean？________A．Everyonecanmakeadifference.B．Mostofourdreamshavecometrue.C．Notalldisabledpeopleareinfluential.D．Nodisabledpeoplehavebeenprejudiced.4．WhichofthefollowingcanbestdescribeMotha？________A．Braveandhumorous.B．Friendlyandsociable.C．Humbleandcreative.D．Optimisticandambitious.【語篇解讀】這是一篇記敘文。文章講述MusaMotha在自己確診骨肉瘤之后積極對(duì)待生活，選擇了走上跳舞的舞臺(tái)的故事。在有了自己的成功之后，他希望能夠鼓勵(lì)更多的殘疾人走出舒適圈，展現(xiàn)自己的能力，得到社會(huì)的認(rèn)可。1．C細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段以及第二段“Butwhenhewas10yearsold,heinjuredinhisleftleg.Thischangedeverything.Abonemarrowbiopsy(骨髓活檢)revealedMothahadosteosarcoma,atypeofbonecancer,inhisleftleg.(但是當(dāng)他10歲的時(shí)候，他的左腿受傷了。這改變了一切。骨髓活組織檢查顯示，Motha的左腿患有骨肉瘤，這是一種骨癌。)”可知，Motha10歲時(shí)左腿受傷，在左腿檢查時(shí)發(fā)現(xiàn)了骨癌。因此，他的疾病是因?yàn)樗笸仁軅笞鰴z查時(shí)發(fā)現(xiàn)的，是一個(gè)意外的發(fā)現(xiàn)。故選C。2．B推理判斷題。根據(jù)末尾段“Thoughhesaidthatdancegavehim?apurpose?，headded?Idon?twanttoseemyselfasadanceronly.?Hewantstocreateaspaceforotherpeoplewithdisabilitiestogooutsidetheircomfortzone—fromsoccertosinging.(雖然他說舞蹈給了他一個(gè)“目標(biāo)”，但他補(bǔ)充說：“我不想把自己僅僅看作一個(gè)舞者。”他想為其他殘疾人創(chuàng)造一個(gè)走出舒適區(qū)的自由空間——從踢足球到唱歌。)”可知，他拒絕只是單純的作為一個(gè)舞者是因?yàn)樗胱叱鍪孢m圈，把領(lǐng)域擴(kuò)大到踢足球和唱歌，想以自己的事跡鼓勵(lì)其他殘疾人走出舒適圈。因此可推知，Motha拒絕把自己只是看作一個(gè)舞者是因?yàn)樗爰?lì)其他殘疾人走出舒適圈，超越自己。故選B。3．A詞句猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)前文內(nèi)容“Themorewecanseethedisabledpersoninmultipleaspectsoflife,suchashelicopterpilots,engineers,chefs,choreographersandprofessors,thegreaterhopewecanholdontoforasociety...(我們?cè)绞窃谏畹母鱾€(gè)方面看到殘疾人，如直升機(jī)駕駛員、工程師、廚師、舞蹈指導(dǎo)和教授，我們?cè)綄?duì)……社會(huì)抱有更大的希望)”可知，在Motha看來，殘疾人也可以像其他普通人一樣從事各種職業(yè)，做出一番成就，這樣的社會(huì)令人抱有希望，這樣的社會(huì)里，殘疾人可以和普通人一樣有所成就。因此可推知，畫線句應(yīng)是表達(dá)“包括殘疾人在內(nèi)的每個(gè)人都可以有所作為”含義。故選A。4．D推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段“Hechosetheamputation(截肢)andeversincethatday,hedecidedhewasgoingtoapproachlifedifferently—morepositively,hesaid.(他選擇了截肢，從那天起，他決定要以不同的方式對(duì)待生活——更積極地，他說。)”可知，他選擇了截肢，并決定積極地生活，這體現(xiàn)了他的勇敢樂觀；末尾段“Hewantstocreateaspaceforotherpeoplewithdisabilitiestogooutsidetheircomfortzone—fromsoccertosinging.Hefeelsthatgreaterrepresentationwillcreatemoreopportunitiesandinclusion,pavingthewayforpeoplewithdisabilitiestoshine.(他想為其他殘疾人創(chuàng)造一個(gè)空間，走出他們的舒適區(qū)——從足球到唱歌。他認(rèn)為，更大的代表性將創(chuàng)造更多的機(jī)會(huì)和包容，為殘疾人的閃耀鋪平道路。)”提及他想激勵(lì)其他的殘疾人走出舒適圈，得到更多的機(jī)會(huì)使自己發(fā)光閃耀，這體現(xiàn)了他的抱負(fù)。選項(xiàng)D“Optimisticandambitious.(樂觀又有志向)”符合對(duì)他的描述。故選D。B(2022·河北省衡水市高考二模)Someeventshavebeenaddedtothe2024Olympics,withsurfing,breakdancingandsportclimbingamongtherecentadditions.WiththemcomeagroupoftermsthatareforeigntotheFrenchlanguage.ForsomeFrench-languagepurists,it?stoomuchtobeartorelyonEnglishtopraisesurfersontheir“noseriding”—standingonthefrontoftheboard.They?vedecidedtheyneedaFrenchsolution.TheFrenchgovernmenthascreatedateamoflanguageexpertsdevotedtopromotingthenationallanguage.Theywillmeetperiodicallyoverthenextcoupleofyearstoidentifyanddefinenewsportsterms.TheFrenchbattleagainsttheinfluenceofotherlanguagesisn?tnew.In1994,theToubonlawwaspassed,forcingtheuseofFrenchinallgovernmentpublications,contractsandadvertisements.Yetitcontainedseveralloopholes,whichallowbrandsandcompaniestoextensivelyuseEnglish.Asaresult,anglicismsarebecomingmoreobvious.JulieNeveux,linguisticsprofessoratSorbonneUniversityinParis,saidanglicismsare“sometimesestimatedatjustunder5%ofthepresentvocabulary,buttheyaredisturbingbecausetheyshowthatwefollowaneconomicandculturalmodelotherthanourown.”Theyareparticularlypresentinsportscompetitionsandevents,duringwhichathletesfromaroundtheworldareusedtocommunicatinginEnglish.“Sportwasoneofthefirstareastobeglobalized，”saidsportshistorianMichaelAttali,“ThisphenomenonhasstrengthenedEnglishastheofficiallanguage.”Despitetheirbestefforts,nocommitteehassuccessfullypreventedEnglishfrominfiltratingeverydaylanguage.BythetimeFrenchofficialsagreedonatranslationanditsdefinition,theEnglishversionhasalreadyspreadthroughoutthenation,“Similarcommitteeshavebeenputinplaceinthepast,butnothinghaschangedsofar，”saidAttali.“TherearefarfeweranglicismsinFrenchthanthereareFrenchwordsinEnglish，”saidNeveux,addingtheseexchangesshouldnotbeseenasathreat.“Alllivinglanguagesexistbyborrowingfromeachother.Languagesonlyexistthankstotheirimpurity.”5．Whatwillateamoflanguageexpertsdo？________A．PromotethespreadofFrenchintheworld.B．Decideuponsomenewsportsterms.C．BringEnglishandFrenchtogether.D．MakeFrenchmuchpurer.6．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“they”inParagraph3referto？________A．Anglicisms.B．Englishwords.C．Frenchwords.D．Newlycreatedwords.7．What?stheresultofpreviouseffortstostopEnglishfrominfiltratingFrench？________A．Unimportant. B．Successful.C．Fruitless. D．Unmentioned.8．Whatcanweinferfromthelastparagraph？________A．EnglishismorepopularthanFrench.B．Alllanguagesshouldbepreserved.C．Theexchangesbetweentwolanguagescanbeavoided.D．Neveuxispositiveabouttheimpurityoflanguage.【語篇解讀】這是一篇說明文。文章主要說明了法國(guó)政府成立了一個(gè)語言專家團(tuán)隊(duì)，致力于推廣法語。他們將在未來幾年定期開會(huì)，以確定和定義新的體育術(shù)語。文章還介紹了歷史上法語對(duì)抗其他語言影響的事件以及人們的看法。5．B細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“Theywillmeetperiodicallyoverthenextcoupleofyearstoidentifyanddefinenewsportsterms.(他們將在未來幾年定期開會(huì)，以確定和定義新的體育術(shù)語。)”可知，一群語言專家會(huì)決定一些新的體育術(shù)語。故選B。6．A代詞指代題。根據(jù)畫線詞上文“JulieNeveux,linguisticsprofessoratSorbonneUniversityinParis,saidanglicismsare?sometimesestimatedatjustunder5%ofthepresentvocabulary?”以及后文“Theyareparticularlypresentinsportscompetitionsandevents,duringwhichathletesfromaroundtheworldareusedtocommunicatinginEnglish.(它們尤其出現(xiàn)在體育比賽和活動(dòng)中，在這些比賽和活動(dòng)中，來自世界各地的運(yùn)動(dòng)員習(xí)慣于用英語交流。)”可知，巴黎索邦大學(xué)的語言學(xué)教授JulieNeveux說，anglicisms“有時(shí)估計(jì)在現(xiàn)有詞匯中只占不到5%，但它們令人不安，因?yàn)閍nglicisms表明，我們遵循的是一種經(jīng)濟(jì)和文化模式，而不是我們自己的模式?！惫蕋hey指的是“anglicisms”，故選A。7．C細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段“Similarcommitteeshavebeenputinplaceinthepast,butnothinghaschangedsofar(過去也有類似的委員會(huì)，但到目前為止沒有任何改變)”可知，以前阻止英語滲透到法語的努力結(jié)果是徒勞的。故選C。8．D推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“?TherearefarfeweranglicismsinFrenchthanthereareFrenchwordsinEnglish，?saidNeveux,addingtheseexchangesshouldnotbeseenasathreat.?Alllivinglanguagesexistbyborrowingfromeachother.Languagesonlyexistthankstotheirimpurity.?(“法語中的英語詞匯遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)少于英語中的法語單詞?！盢eveux補(bǔ)充說，這些交換不應(yīng)被視為威脅?！八鞋F(xiàn)存的語言都是通過相互借鑒而存在的。語言之所以存在，是因?yàn)樗鼈兇嬖诓患冃?。?”可知，Neveux對(duì)語言的不純性持肯定態(tài)度。故選D。C(2022·福建省龍巖市高中畢業(yè)班第三次模擬)Everkeentokeepyousaving,we?vecomeupwiththreemoregreatideastokeepmoneyinyourpockets.PayincashPayincashratherthanstickeverythingonacardtoworryaboutlater—thatway,moneyseemsmore“real”．Bydoingthis,youcanactuallygetasenseofwhatyou?respending.Butdon?tmakerepeatedtripstothecash-pointeveryday,consumingrandomlyyourhard-earnedmoneybitbybit.Instead,makeonewithdrawalatthestartoftheweek,thenputyourcardsawayandsetyourselfacashbudget.DIYFancymakingyourownbookshelvesorturningascarfintoaskirt?Thereareplentyofsitesthatwillteachyouclevernewtrickswitholdjunk,fromthreadingastringbracelettobuildingyourownshoecontainersfromrecycledtins.Theseenlighteningideaswilltransformyourhomeandwardrobeand,evenifyou?reusuallyallfingersandthumbs,thiscanbedoneeasilyinlessthananhour.Afewminutesexploringfor“DIYcrafts”onlineprovidesplentyofcheapcreativeideas.CutbackonlineshoppingWe?vealldoneit,surfedthenetatlunchorlateatnight,aimlesslydroppingvirtualbargainsinourvirtualbasketandhittingthevirtualcheckoutbutton.However,theresultingdamagetoyourbankbalanceisalltooreal.Whydoyouthinkonlineretailers(零售商)keepyourcreditcarddetailsonfile?Soyoucanjustpress“Buy”andthey?vegotyourcash.Againandagain.Butallyouendupwithisloadsofstuffyouwouldn?totherwisehavebought.Ifyou?retempted(誘惑),bestrict,putthemousedownandaskyourself:“DoIreallyneedthis？”Theanswerismostprobably:“No”．9．Whichofthefollowingcanhelpsaveyourmoney？________A．Visitingabankconstantly.B．Limitingvisitstocash-points.C．SurfingDIYsitesforoldjunks.D．Relyingonacardwhileshopping.10．WhatdoestheunderlinedwordsintheideaofDIYmean？________A．Busy. B．Careless.C．Nervous. D．Creative.11．Whatmayaimlessvirtualshoppingresultin？________A．Savingmoney.B．Makingagooddeal.C．Makingendsmeet.D．Pilingupunwanteditems.【語篇解讀】本文是一篇應(yīng)用文，介紹了三種生活中省錢的方法。9．B細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Payincash中“Butdon?tmakerepeatedtripstothecash-pointeveryday,consumingrandomlyyourhard-earnedmoneybitbybit.Instead,makeonewithdrawalatthestartoftheweek,thenputyourcardsawayandsetyourselfacashbudget.(但是不要每天都去取款機(jī)，一點(diǎn)一點(diǎn)地隨意花掉你辛苦賺來的錢。相反，在一周開始的時(shí)候取一次錢，然后把你的卡收起來，給自己設(shè)定一個(gè)現(xiàn)金預(yù)算。)”可知，限制去取款機(jī)取款的次數(shù)，可以幫助省錢。故選B。10．B詞句猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)DIY中“Theseenlighteningideaswilltransformyourhomeandwardrobe(這些有啟發(fā)性的想法將改變你的家和衣柜)”及“thiscanbedoneeasilyinlessthananhour(這可以在一個(gè)小時(shí)內(nèi)輕松完成)”可知，本段描述如何利用廢舊物品重新創(chuàng)作為新的物品，上文的一些想法能幫助那些即使“笨手笨腳的人”一個(gè)小時(shí)內(nèi)輕松完成，因此，allfingersandthumbs與careless為近義詞。故選B。11．D細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Cutbackonlineshopping中“We?vealldoneit,surfedthenetatlunchorlateatnight,aimlesslydroppingvirtualbargainsinourvirtualbasketandhittingthevirtualcheckoutbutton.(我們都這樣做過，在午餐時(shí)間或深夜上網(wǎng)，漫無目的地把虛擬的便宜貨扔進(jìn)我們的虛擬籃子里，點(diǎn)擊虛擬的結(jié)賬按鈕。)”及“Butallyouendupwithisloadsofstuffyouwouldn?totherwisehavebought.(但你最終得到的是一大堆你本來不會(huì)買的東西。)”可知，漫無目的地虛擬購(gòu)物會(huì)導(dǎo)致成堆的不想要的東西。故選D。D(2022·山東省濰坊市高三一模)Gov.KathyHochul?sproposaltoallowrestaurantstoselldrinkstogowithreasonablelimitationswasmetwithgreatenthusiasmallacrossNewYork.ButNewYork?sliquor(酒)storeshavealreadybegunacampaignofmisinformationinanefforttoblockthis.Theirbasicargumentisthatthegovernor?sproposalwillresultinanincreaseinunderagesales,drunkendriving,oranyotherpublichealthproblems.However,theythrowthesestatementsaroundwithoutofferinganysupportfortheirclaims—becausethereisnone.Whiletheliquorstoresfrequentlyclaimthatthelawshavebeenunchangedsincetheabolishment(廢除)ofProhibitionin1934,injustthepast20yearstherulesgoverningliquorstoreshavebeenchanged,permittingtheuseofonlinethird-partydeliveryservicesandallowingstorestoopenonSundays.Restaurantadvocatesdidn?topposetheseexpandedprivilegesbecausetheydidn?thaveasignificantimpactonrestaurantsales.Whathasn?tchangedofthelawsinceProhibitionistherestrictiononnewliquorstorelicensesthatgiveliquorstoresageographicterritorialmonopoly(壟斷)toprotectthemfromcompetition.Undertypicalcircumstances,theStateLiquorAuthoritywillonlyissueanewliquorstorelicenseifthenearbystoresreportsteadilyincreasingsales.Howeveranti-competitiveandoutdatedthisrestrictionmaybe,itdoesserveasaprotectionagainsttheirconcerns—intheveryunlikelyeventtheycometopass.Economically,thepandemichasbeenamajorhelptotheliquorstorebusiness.Beforethepandemic,liquorstoressold76%ofallliquorinNewYorkStateandnowtheysellnearly85%.Andremember,duringthisperiod,restaurantswerealloweddrinks-to-gosales,showingtheirfalseclaimsofeconomiccollapsearenotgroundedinrealityorexperience.Thesalesshiftfromrestaurantstoliquorstoresoverthepasttwoyearsdemonstratesclearlythatrestaurantshavelostsalestoliquorstores—wejustwanttostopthebleeding.Whiletherestaurantindustryreboundedforapartof2021,employmentstillremainsmorethan20%belowpre-pandemiclevels.12．Whydidliquorstoresopposetheproposalaccordingtotheauthor？________A．Threattopublichealth.B．Boostofunderagesales.C．Concernsabouttheirsales.D．Limitationstodrinkstogo.13．Whatcanbeinferredfromthefourthparagraph？________A．Liquorstoresareinadog-eat-dogworld.B．Prohibitionmakesliquorstoresdeadinthewater.C．Thenumberofliquorstoresisundercontrol.D．Whatliquorstoresworryaboutisreasonable.14．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“their”inthelastparagraphreferto？________A．Restaurants?. B．Governors?.C．NewYorkers?. D．Liquorstores?.15．Whatisthebesttitleforthetext？________A．LetRestaurantsSellDrinksToGoB．DefendLiquorStoresPrivilegesC．LiquorIndustryIsLosingMoneyD．RestaurantsAreRacingWithLiquorStores【語篇解讀】本文是一篇新聞報(bào)道，主要講的是紐約州州長(zhǎng)凱西·胡赫爾提議允許餐館在合理限制的情況下出售飲料，這一提議在整個(gè)紐約都受到了熱烈歡迎。但紐約的酒類商店已經(jīng)開始了一場(chǎng)不實(shí)信息的運(yùn)動(dòng)，試圖阻止這種情況的發(fā)生。12．C推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段“Gov.KathyHochul?spropos