PMP模擬題及答案中英文

PMP考試模擬試題1.Buyersuseavarietyofmethodstoprovideincentivestoasellertopleteworkearlyorwithincertaincontractuallyspecifiedtimeframes.Onesuchincentiveistheuseofliquidateddamages.Fromtheseller'sperspective,liquidateddamagesarewhatformofincentive"

a.Positive

b.Negative

c.Nomi

d.Reverse

e.Risk-prone買主使用各種方法以使承包商更早的或在*些契約指定時間框架完成工作。一種方式是清算賠償金的應(yīng)用，從承包商的觀點看，清算賠償金是那一種類型的鼓勵"

a.積極地

b.消極地

c.輕微地

d.反面地

e.風(fēng)險傾向地2.Paymentbondsareoftenrequiredbythecontractandrequirespecificactionsunderthestatedconditions.Paymentbondsarespecificallydesignedtoensurethattheprimecontractorprovidespaymentof-

a.Insurancepremiums

b.Weeklypayrolls

c.Incrementalearnec

d.Subcontractors,laborers,andsuppliersofmaterial

e.Damagesforaccidentscaused在合同常需要付款保函，同時在所述的情況下需要采取特別措施。付款保函是專門用于保證為主要承包商提供什么樣的付款-

a.保險費

b.每周的薪水

c.增加所得

d.轉(zhuǎn)包商、勞動力和原料供給l

e.意外事故造成的損失3.Whenasellerbreachesacontract,thebuyercannotreceive-

a.pensatorydamages

b.Punitivedamages

c.Specificperformance

d.Liquidateddamages

e.Alltheabove當(dāng)承包商違反合同，購置者不能得到-

a.補償性的賠償金

b.懲罰性的賠償金

c.特殊的執(zhí)行

d.清算賠償金

e.上述所有4.Thecontractingfunctioninanorganizationisconsideredtobedecentralizedwhen-

a.Eachprojectmanagerhascontroloverthecontractingprocessforhisorherproject

b.Theprojectmanagercontrolscontractaward

c.Thecontractingpersonappointedtotheprojectisavailableandundertheprojectmanager'sdirectcontrol

d.Contractingistailoredtoasingleproject

e.Allabove在什么時候，組織合同的功能可以被分散考慮-

a.每個工程經(jīng)理都他的/她的工程的合同程序

b.工程經(jīng)理控制著合同的獎勵

c.在工程經(jīng)理的直接領(lǐng)導(dǎo)下，可用指定的工程合同人

d.合同針對單個工程

e.上述所有5.Whichofthefollowingtermsrepresentsacontracttypecategory"

a.Fi*ed-price

b.Cost-reimbursement

c.Unit-price

d.a&b

e.a,b,&c以下那一個描述了合同的類型"

a.固定價

b.本錢補償

c.單元價

d.a和b

e.a,b,和c6.Whichitemisnotabasicelementofacontract"

a.Offer

b.Acceptance

c.Consideration

d.Pricingstructure

e.Legalityofpurpose以下那一個不是合同的根本的因素"

a.出價

b.承受

c.報酬

d.價格構(gòu)造

e.有意圖的法律責(zé)任7.Threetechniquesusedforprocurementplanningare-

a.Make-or-buyanalysis,e*pertjudgment,andcontracttypeselection

b.Fi*ed-price,cost-reimbursement,andunit-pricecontracts

c.Costandscheduleestimates,invoiceprocessing,andcashflowprojections

d.Scopestatement,changemanagement,andmarketinganalysis

e.Contracttypeselection,negotiation,andcashflowprojections用于采購方案編制的三種技能是-

a.制造或購置的分析，專家判斷和合同類型的選擇

b.固定價、本錢補償和單元價

c.本錢和進度預(yù)計、發(fā)票處理和現(xiàn)金流推算

d.圍描述、變更管理和市場分析

e.合同類型選擇、談判和現(xiàn)金流推算8.Abuyerhasnegotiatedafi*ed-priceincentivecontractwiththeseller.Thecontracthasatargetcostof$200,000,atargetprofitof$30,000,andatargetpriceof$230,000.Thebuyerhasalsonegotiatedaceilingpriceof$270,000andashareratioof70/30.Ifthesellerpletesthecontractwithactualcostsof$170,000,howmuchprofitwillthebuyerpaytheseller"

a.$21,000

b.$30,000

c.$35,000

d.$39,000

e.$51,000買主正同承包商談一個固定價加獎勵的合同。合同的目標(biāo)本錢是$200,000，目標(biāo)利潤是$30,000，目標(biāo)價是$230,000。買主也規(guī)定了最高價是$270,000共享比例是70/30。如果承包商完成合同時實際本錢是$170,000，買主要付承包商多少利潤"

a.$21,000

b.$30,000

c.$35,000

d.$39,000

e.$51,0009.Contractsmaybewritteninanyformthatisunderstandableandenforceable,soprojectpersonneloftenattempttobe"creative"indevelopingthecontract'stermsandconditions.Ifallthefollowingoptionsareavailable,thebestcourseofactiontomeettherequirementsoftheprojectisto-

a.Preqareuniquetermsandconditions

b.Tailorane*istingcontract

c.Usestandardclauseswheneverpossible

d.Avoidusingcontractualdocuments

e.Noneoftheabove合同可能用可以理解的和強制的形式書寫，所以工程人員常常試圖使用“創(chuàng)造性〞完善合同的條款和條件。如果以下所有的選擇可用，滿足工程的最好的行動方針是-

a.準(zhǔn)備獨特的條款和條件

b.適用一個現(xiàn)有的合同

c.只要有可能就使用標(biāo)準(zhǔn)條款

d.防止使用合同文件

e.上述都不是10.Whencostsincreasebecauseofchangesinthescopeofwork,theprojectise*periencing-

a.Acceleratedcosts

b.Costgrowth

c.Costescalation

d.Costoverrun

e.Costrisk當(dāng)本錢由于工作圍的變更而增加時，此工程正經(jīng)歷-

a.加速的本錢

b.本錢增加

c.本錢擴大

d.本錢超支

e.本錢風(fēng)險11。Costestimatingcanbebestdescribedbywhichofthefollowing:Theprocessofdevelopingthefuturetrendsalongwiththeassessmentofprobabilities,uncertainties,andinflationthatcouldoccurduringtheproject.Theprocessofassemblingandpredictingcostsofaprojectoveritslifecycle.Theprocessofestablishingbudgets,standards,andamonitoringsystembywhichtheinvestmentcostoftheprojectcanbemeasuredandmanaged.Theprocessofgathering,accumulating,analyzing,monitoring,reporting,andmanagingthecostsonanon-goingbasis.以下描述中哪一個最貼切的描述了費用估算：是對未來工程進展過程中發(fā)生的可能性，不確定性及夸張性進展趨勢估定的方法是組合并預(yù)計工程超出其生命周期費用的方法是制定預(yù)算，標(biāo)準(zhǔn)及監(jiān)測系統(tǒng)以衡量并管理工程投資本錢的方法d.是在不斷進展的根底上搜集，分析，檢測，報告并管理本錢的一種方法12。Whatisthepurposeoftheworkbreakdownstructure(WBS)"TheWBSallowstheprojectmanagertodelegateresponsibilityofalloftheprojectactivities.TheWBSisanarrativedescriptionoftheworkrequiredfortheproject.TheWBSdescribesthetotalprogramasasummationofsubdividedelements.TheWBSisastatementofwhatwillbemade,howmanyunitswillbemade,andwhentheywillbemade.工作分解構(gòu)造(WBS)的目的是WBS允許工程經(jīng)理承當(dāng)所有工程活動的責(zé)任.WBS是工程所需工作的文字性描述WBS將整個程序描述為細(xì)分要素的匯總WBS描述了做什么，做多少以及什么時候做13．Whichtypeofprojectcostestimateisthemostaccurate"PreliminaryDefinitiveOrderofmagnitudeConceptual那一類工程本錢估算最準(zhǔn)確"初步估算最終估算數(shù)量級估算概念估算14。Whichofthefollowingtypeofcontractsismostpreferabletothecontractordoingtheprojectwork"Costplusfi*edfeeFi*edpriceFi*edpriceplusincentivefeeBandc以下那種合同更有利于承包商進展工程工作"本錢加固定費用合同固定價格合同固定價格加獎勵費用合同B和C15。Toassistinbudgetcontrol,itissuggestedthattheestimateoccuratthe_______leveloftheWBS.HighestLowestMajorworkeffortThird為便于預(yù)算控制，建議在WBS的______階段進展估算.最高最低主要工作成果第三16。CostVariance(CV)iswhichofthefollowingequations"CV=BCWP-BCWSCV=BCWP-ACWPCV=SV/BCWSAandc費用偏差的公式為本錢偏差〔CV〕=已完成工作預(yù)算本錢〔BCWP〕-方案工作預(yù)算本錢〔BCWS〕本錢偏差〔CV〕=已完成工作預(yù)算本錢〔BCWP〕-完成工作實際本錢〔ACWP〕本錢偏差〔CV〕=進度偏差〔SV〕除以方案工作預(yù)算本錢〔BCWS〕A和c17。Costcontrolscanbebestdescribedbywhichofthefollowing"Theprocessofdevelopingthefuturetrendsalongwiththeassessmentofprobabilities,uncertainties,andinflationthatcouldoccurduringtheprojectTheprocessofassemblingandpredictingcotsofprojectoveritslifecycleTheprocessofestablishingbudgets,standards,andamonitoringsystembywhichtheinvestmentcostoftheprojectcanbemeasuredandmanagedTheprocessofgathering,accumulating,analyzing,monitoring,reporting,andmanagingthecostsonanon-goingbasis以下哪一條最貼切的描述了本錢控制"是對未來工程進展過程中發(fā)生的可能性，不確定性及夸張性進展趨勢估定的方法.是組合并預(yù)計工程超出其生命周期的費用的方法是制定預(yù)算，標(biāo)準(zhǔn)及監(jiān)測系統(tǒng)以衡量并管理工程投資本錢的方法d.是在不斷進展的根底上搜集，積累，分析，檢測，報告并管理本錢的一種方法.18。WhichoneofthefollowingisNOTatrade-offdecisionthatmustbemadeinthedevelopmentoftheprojectplan"Whethertouseskilledorunskilledlaborers.Theamountofprofitvendorsshouldmakeversustheprofitothervendorshavereceivedinthepast.Manufacturingin-houseorsub-contractingortthework.Theimportanceofcostversusquality.以下哪一項不是工程方案過程中可能發(fā)生的換位權(quán)衡的決定"是否使用有技能的勞動力或者無技能的勞動力賣方應(yīng)當(dāng)獲得的利潤額同其他賣方在過去獲得的利潤比擬自己制造或者分包本錢重要性同質(zhì)量比擬19。TheBCWS=$250,theACWP=$350,andtheBCWP=$200,CalculatetheCostVariance.–$150$150-$50$50方案工作預(yù)算本錢〔BCWS〕=$250，完成工作實際本錢〔ACWP〕=$350，已完成工作預(yù)算本錢〔BCWP〕=$200，計算本錢偏差–$150$150-$50$5020。OneofthetypesofcostestimationisOrderofMagnitude.Thisestimate.Isperformedwhendetailedinformationisavailable.Isperformedwhenlittleifanyinformationisavailable.Isusedinthebeginningoftheprojectconceptualization.Bandc數(shù)量級估算是費用估算的一種.這種估算:當(dāng)有詳細(xì)信息可用時實施當(dāng)僅有很少信息可用時實施在工程概念化初期運用b和c21。Infi*edpricecontractwhichofthefollowingholdstrue"Theselleragreestousehisbestefforttofulfillthecontractwithintheestimatedcontractamount.Theselleragreestoperformaserviceorfurnishsuppliesattheestablishedcontractprice.Iftheamountofthecontractise*ceededthesellerisnotobligatedtoperformfurtherunlessthebuyerincreasesthefunds.Moreriskisplacedonthebuyer.在固定價格合同中以下哪一條是正確的"賣方同意在估算合同總量盡最大努力履行合同賣方同意在確定的合同價格上提供效勞或供給除非買方提高金額，假設(shè)超出合同額賣方不負(fù)責(zé)履行超出局部買方承當(dāng)較大風(fēng)險22．Iftheprojectwassupposedtohave$1.000worthofworkacplished,butonlypleted$850worthofwork,whatistheScheduledVariance"$150$1.500Cannotcalculatefromtheinformationprovided.-$150假設(shè)工程完成預(yù)計價值$1.000，但僅完成$850的工作，則進度偏差為：$150$1.500以上資料無法計算-$15023．Usingthetablebelow,whatisthePresentValueofanannuale*penditureof$4,000peryearoverthene*tthreeyearsat10%preyear"YearPresentValueof$1at10%PresentValueof$1at12%10.9090.89320.8260.79730.7510.71240.6830.636-$9,608-$7,206_$9,944$6,551運用下表，計算年金流出流量為$4，000三年后的現(xiàn)值〔利率10%/年〕。年度$1在10%的利率下現(xiàn)值$1在12%的利率下現(xiàn)值10.9090.89320.8260.79730.7510.71240.6830.636-$9，608-$7，206_$9，944$6，55124.Theinitialcostofyourprojectis$25,000,whichwillsavethepany$6,000peryearforthene*tfouryears.Usingtheabovetable.Ifyourpanywantsa12%ROI,whatistheNPVoftheproject"-$1,000_$6,772+$1,758+$6,772你的工程的初始費用為$25，000，而在今后的四年中每年將為公司節(jié)省$6，000，運用上表，假設(shè)你的公司想獲得12%的投資回報〔ROI〕，則該工程的NPV凈現(xiàn)值是：-$1，000_$6，772+$1，758+$6，77225.ABCpanymonlyusedSumoftheYearsmethodtocalculatedepreciationonassets.Theypurchasedaputerwhichcost$15,000,knowingtheycansellitattheendofthreeyearsfor$3,000.Howmuchdepreciationistakenthethirdyear"$4,000$2,000$7,500$2,500ABC公司通常使用年數(shù)和計折舊法計算資產(chǎn)折舊。他們購置了一臺價值$15，000的計算機，在第三年末該機可以$3，000的價格出售，則第三年所提的折舊為：$4，000$2，000$7，500$2，50026.Yourpanyhasestablishedarewardandrecognitionsystemforitsprojectmanagementprofessionals.Projectcostperformanceisusedasacriteriontodeterminerewards.Whatshouldyoudotoensurethatrewardsreflectactualperformance"ConsiderovertimeworkaspartofthejobPrepareacostbaselineUseearnedvaluemanagementtomonitorperformanceEstimateandbudgetcontrollableandmonitorperformance你們公司為工程管理的專業(yè)人士建立了一套獎勵與考評系統(tǒng)。工程本錢業(yè)績即是決定獎勵的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)之一。為了確保所給出的獎勵能真正反映實際的業(yè)績，你應(yīng)該采取什么措施？將加班視為工作的一局部設(shè)定一個本錢基線利用掙值管理來監(jiān)控業(yè)績對可控和不可控本錢分別做出評估和預(yù)算27.Onasmallproject,oneofthevendorsinformsthePMthathewillsubstituteabetterqualitypipeforthepipeincludedintheinitialplansincethepipeoriginallyquotedisunavailable.Duetocircumstances,thevendorindicatedtherewouldbenoadditionalcosttotheproject.HealsoinformsthePMthat,duetoaslightdelayindeliveryofthepipe,hewillworkonanothertaskaheadofschedule.WherewillthePMrecordthesemodifications"WBSCostchangecontrolScopechangecontrolProjectscheduleA&d在一個小工程中，一個供給商通知工程經(jīng)理他將用高質(zhì)量的管道替代原有管道，此方案放到立項方案里，因為管道的原先的報價沒有。鑒于這種情況，供給商提出他們不增加工程本錢。他同時告訴工程經(jīng)理因為管道有一點延遲，他將做其他超出進度的工作。工程經(jīng)理將把此變更記在那里"工作分解構(gòu)造本錢變更控制圍變更控制工程進度A和d28.Tointegrateapprovedscopechanges,thePMshouldbeginwith:ApprovedbudgetProjectscheduleHumanresourcerequirementsProductdescriptionWBS為了綜合的批準(zhǔn)圍變更，工程經(jīng)理首先應(yīng)當(dāng)開場：批準(zhǔn)預(yù)算確定工程進度尋找人員產(chǎn)品描述工作分解構(gòu)造WBS29.Changerequestsareanintegralpartofaproject,andoneofthewaysaPMcontrolsscopechanges.Changerequestsarearesultof:Changesinqualityofavendor-providedponent.Abeneficialchange,whichoccurredafterthescopewasapproved.Anerrororomissionistheproductdescription.A“makeorbuy〞decisionwhichwasmodified.Alloftheabove變更要一個工程的主要局部，也是工程經(jīng)理控制圍變更的一種方法。變更要—的結(jié)果:變更賣主提供的成分的質(zhì)量一個有益的變更，它發(fā)生在圍被批準(zhǔn)之后產(chǎn)品描述的一個錯誤或遺漏一個修改的“做或買〞的決定上述所有30.Inaprojectenvironment,functionalmanagersareresponsiblefor:Actingasasoundingboardforclarificationofcriticalissues.SettinggroundrulesandassumptionsOutliningtime,costandperformanceconstraints.Identifyinganddevelopingmitigationstrategiesforareasofrisk.Establishingadministrativepolicies在工程環(huán)境下，功能經(jīng)理的責(zé)任是：充當(dāng)一個澄清關(guān)鍵問題的宣傳媒介設(shè)定根本規(guī)則和假設(shè)勾畫時間、本錢和執(zhí)行限制的輪廓確定和完善風(fēng)險圍的減輕策略建立管理政策31.Inordertoapproveaproject,managementusingsimple,aswellasple*,sophisticatedtoolstodeterminehowtheprojectfitsintoit’sstrategicplan.Whentheprojectselectionincludesanin-depthanalysis,usingple*,sophisticatedtools,isosconsideredtobepartofwhatprojectphase"ImplementationTerminationConceptualOperationalNoneoftheabove為了批準(zhǔn)工程，管理層使用簡單的，但同復(fù)雜技術(shù)的一樣好的，久經(jīng)考驗的工具測量工程如何滿足它的策略方案。當(dāng)工程選擇一個包含有深層次分析的，復(fù)雜的，久經(jīng)考驗的工具時，它發(fā)生在工程的那一個階段"執(zhí)行終止概念上運做上述都不是32.Whatisthemostaccuratemethodofobtainingprojectinformationthatcanreducetheamountofrisk"ObservationsonthecurrentprojectDeterminingtheriskbyusingbrainstormingtechniquesTheuseofhistoricaldatafrompreviousprojectsthatweresimilarinnatureSensitivityanalysisDelphitechnique那一個是獲得工程信息以降低工程風(fēng)險總量的最準(zhǔn)確的方法"觀察當(dāng)前工程應(yīng)用集體討論方法決定風(fēng)險使用以前類似工程的歷史數(shù)據(jù)敏感分析Delphi技術(shù)33.Containedwithinthefirststepofafivestepprocesstodeterminetheriskanalysisoftheproject’sriskevents,aprocessof________isperformedtoseeiftheriskshouldbeincludedore*cludedaspartoftheprojectscope.DeterminingtheprobabilityContingencyeffortAssessingtheconsequencesandseverityScreening在5步過程的第一步，以下那一個過程是決定工程風(fēng)險事件的風(fēng)險分析，它被用于判斷風(fēng)險是否應(yīng)當(dāng)作為工程圍的一局部包括在或不在.可能性決定應(yīng)急措施評估因果關(guān)系和嚴(yán)重程度放映34.Aprojectof2millionhasanadverseeventthathastheprobabilityof50%ofoccurrenceandapotentiallossof$20,000.Thisrepresentsane*pectednegativevalueof:$100,000$1,000$100$10,000一個2百萬的工程隱含有一個不利的影響，它發(fā)生的可能性是50%，潛在損失是2萬。它的預(yù)期負(fù)值是多少:$100,000$1,000$100$10,00035.Theassignedvaluesofriskforaprojectisbestacplishedthroughastructuredmethodologythatensuresallprojectelementsareevaluated.Theprojecttoolthatisbestsuitedforthestructuredanalysisoftheprojectriskisthe:ContractSpecificationStatementofworkWorkbreakdownstructureNetworkprogrammingdiagram對一個工程，假定的風(fēng)險值最好是通過一個構(gòu)造的方法論來完成以便所有工程的因素都被評估。用于工程風(fēng)險的構(gòu)造分析的最適宜的工具是：合同規(guī)工作描述工作分解構(gòu)造網(wǎng)絡(luò)規(guī)劃圖36.Thetotalamountofriskthatiscalculatedforaprojectisfoundby:MultiplyingthesumofeachtheriskstimestheamountatstakeCalculatingthecumulativesumoftheprobabilityforeachriskandmultiplyingthisvaluetimestheconsequenceofoccurrenceoftheriskeventsCannotbecalculatedsinceallrisksarenotknownTheamountofprojectreservesavailable通過那一種手段來計算工程風(fēng)險的總量:每個風(fēng)險的總和乘以風(fēng)險的價值量計算每個風(fēng)險的可能性累計總和同時轉(zhuǎn)換成價值乘以風(fēng)險事件發(fā)生的頻率由于所有風(fēng)險不確定不能計算工程的可用的儲藏金37.Bocallshisprojectteamtoquantifyandassesstherisksoftheirproject.Thebenefitstheteamwillgainfromthise*erciseincludeallbutwhichofthefollowing"Thoroughlyunderstandtheproject,theassociatedrisksandtheimpactofriskonallpartsoftheprojectDevelopriskmitigationstrategiesfordealingwithissuesidentifiedEnsureallidentifiedriskissuesareincorporatedintoprojectplanningIdentifyalternativeswhichmaye*ist玻叫他們的工程組把工程的風(fēng)險量化和評估。哪一相不是工程組從這一活動中得到的"徹底地了解工程，相關(guān)的風(fēng)險和工程所有局部的風(fēng)險的影響進一步開展緩解風(fēng)險策略以處理已經(jīng)確認(rèn)的問題保證所有已經(jīng)確認(rèn)的風(fēng)險都被統(tǒng)一的考慮在工程的方案中確認(rèn)那一個可能存在的選擇方案38.Sensitivityanalysisandbrainstormingaretwoofmanydifferentmethodstoidentifyrisk.Whataretheadvantagesofusingsensitivityanalysis"TheaffectsofvariableswithintheprojectarewellunderstoodItallowsforindependentanswersManagementunderstandsthatthereisarangeofpossibleoutesItprovidesinsightintotheprojectthatthePMmaybelackingA&c敏感分析和集體討論是許多方法中的兩個用于識別風(fēng)險的方法。使用敏感分析的優(yōu)點是"a.工程變量的影響能很好的被理解b.它允許中立的答案c.管理層知道結(jié)果有一個可能性圍d.它提供了工程經(jīng)理可能缺乏的深入工程的洞察力e.A和c39.Duringtheriskanalysisprocess,itisdeterminedthatoneidentifiedriskeventcannotbeavoided,mitigated,orinsured.Thisriskeventisacriticalitemthatcouldcausetheprojecttofailifitoccurs.Thebestoptionfortheprojectmanageristo:PlaydowntheriskandtheteamwillfindameansofoveringanyfailurePlacespecialemphasisontheriskeventtointenselymanagethatitemandallinterfacingitemsHavetheriskassessmentteamcontinuetoanalyzetheriskeventuntilitreducesthee*pectednegativevalueContinuetosearchforaninsurancepanythatwouldassumetheriskIgnoretheriskassessmentbecauseanyassignedvalueisapointestimatewhichisneverpreciselythee*pectedstateofnature在工程風(fēng)險分析過程中，可以確定一個識別的風(fēng)險事件是不能被防止、減緩或被保險的。風(fēng)險事件是一個關(guān)鍵的因素，如果它發(fā)生可能導(dǎo)致工程失敗。對工程經(jīng)理而言最好的選擇是：降低風(fēng)險同時工程組要發(fā)現(xiàn)防止失敗的方法特別地關(guān)注風(fēng)險事件并積極地管理它們及它們的影響風(fēng)險評估組不斷的分析風(fēng)險事件直到它降低到期望的負(fù)面值不斷的尋找保險公司以躲避風(fēng)險無視風(fēng)險評估因為任何一個假定值是一個估計點，它從沒有同估計值正好相符40.Theconceptofstandarddeviationisimportantinriskanalysissincestandarddeviationmeasuresanestimate’svariability.Therefore,the_______thestandarddeviationofanestimate,the_______itsvariabilityandrisk.Larger,greaterLarger,lesserSmaller,greaterSmaller,normalcy在風(fēng)險分析中標(biāo)準(zhǔn)偏差的概念很重要，因為它測量估計值的可變性，因此一個估計值的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)偏差越_______，其可變性和風(fēng)險越_______。大，大，大，小小，大小，正常41.TheProgramEvaluationandReviewTechnique(PERT)isamethodofschedulingprojects.Intheconte*tofrisk,PERTisbetterthantheCriticalPathMethodbecauseitdealswiththe_______associatedwith________.Logic,costestimatesLogic,scheduleestimatesCertainty,costestimatesUncertainty,scheduleestimatesCertainty,scheduleestimates方案評審技術(shù)(PERT)是工程進度安排的一種方法。在風(fēng)險的上下關(guān)聯(lián)上，PERT比關(guān)鍵路徑方法好，因為它處理_______同_______的關(guān)系。a.邏輯，本錢估計邏輯，進度估計確定性，本錢估計不確定性，進度估計確定性，進度估計42.TheprojectmanagerestablishesariskmodelsthatwillbeusedontheBostonproject.Theriskmodelshowstheriskeventsandprovidestheprobabilitiesofoccurrence.Whatismissingfromthisriskdesign"a.Nothing,theriskdesignispleteb.TheriskprobabilitiesneedtobesummedtodeterminethetotalprojectriskTheriskeventsmustbelabeledasinternalore*ternalriskeventsTheriskeventsdonotaddressthetechnologyusedbytheBostonprojectTheimpactoftheriskontheproject’sobjectiveshasnotbeenassessedandassigned一個工程經(jīng)理建立的風(fēng)險模型將在波士頓工程中使用。風(fēng)險模型顯示風(fēng)險事件，提供風(fēng)險事件發(fā)生的可能性。那一個是風(fēng)險設(shè)計中所缺少的"a.沒有，風(fēng)險設(shè)計已經(jīng)完成b.風(fēng)險的可能性需要被匯總以決定整個工程的風(fēng)險c.風(fēng)險事件必須被標(biāo)識為部和外部的風(fēng)險事件d.風(fēng)險事件沒有申請用在波士頓工程e.風(fēng)險對工程目標(biāo)的影響沒有被評估和假定43.Performanceofacontractcanbringliabilitiesotherthanthestatedandimpliedwarrantyandguaranteethathaveimplicationsofrisk,butareperhapsnotasvisible.Twooftheseliabilitiesare________and________infringements.Tradesecret,technologyProcesssecret,advancedtechnologyPatent,copyrightTradename,tradesecretDesignandfabrication執(zhí)行合同能帶來債務(wù)，它同規(guī)定的和隱含的保證和擔(dān)保相比可能會牽扯到風(fēng)險，但看不見。兩種這樣的債務(wù)________和________被侵害.a.商業(yè)秘密，技術(shù)b.過程的秘密，先進技術(shù)c.專利權(quán)，d.商品名稱，商業(yè)秘密e.設(shè)計，制作44.Thetermdeflectionhasanumberofmeanings,butintermsofpureriskmitigationstrategies,deflectionisacplishedby:PerformingcontingentplansContractingtoasub-contractorAllowingtheownertoperformthemitigationstrategysincethecontractorfeelsitwasnotcalledforinthecontractAllowingthefloatinthescheduletotakecareoftherisk降低風(fēng)險有很多含義，但是對于純風(fēng)險減輕策略而言，通過什么可以降低風(fēng)險:a.執(zhí)行可能發(fā)生的方案b.同分包商簽約c.允許業(yè)主執(zhí)行減輕策略因為承包商感到偏差不會在合同中d.在進度中允許浮動時間以關(guān)注風(fēng)險45.Itispossibletotransferriskthroughtheuseofinsurance.Iftheestimatedprobabilityofdamageoccurringtoanassetis2percent,theinsurancecostis$5,000,andthetotalworthoftheassetis$300,000,isitworthinsuringtheasset"ThereisnoadvantagesincethecostoftheinsuranceequalsthecostofthepossiblelossoftheassetTheinsurancecostslessthanthee*pectedvalueoftheloss,sothereforeitisbesttopurchasetheinsuranceNotdesirablesinceitcostsmoretopurchasetheinsurancethanthee*pectedvalueofthelossCannotdetermineforminformationprovided通過使用保險可以轉(zhuǎn)移風(fēng)險。如果估計的傷害發(fā)生的可能性是資產(chǎn)的2%，保費是$5,000，全部資產(chǎn)價值$300,000，此保險是否值得"a.沒有優(yōu)勢因為保險費同可能發(fā)生的資產(chǎn)損失的本錢一樣b.保費低于期望的損失值，因此最好執(zhí)行c.沒有意義因為保費比期望的損失值高d.從提供的數(shù)據(jù)中無法判斷46.Leaseandrentalofequipmentforshortperiodsoftimetoperformspecifiedprojectworkisamonpractice.Theequipmentposes______unlessthecontractor(lessor)______.Norisk,abusestheequipmentbeyondfairusageNorisk,assumestitletotheequipmentduringtheuseperiodRisk,insuresfordamageorlossRisk,deniesliabilityduringtheuseperiodRisk,insuresforthecostoflease,rental,orhire在短期租設(shè)備以完成特殊的工程工作是常用的方法。設(shè)備引起______除非出租人______。a.無風(fēng)險，濫用設(shè)備超出了正常使用b.無風(fēng)險，在使用期間對設(shè)備假定權(quán)利c.有風(fēng)險，確保損失或傷害d.有風(fēng)險，在使用期間拒絕承當(dāng)義務(wù)e.有風(fēng)險，確保出租的本錢47.Uncertaintyisoftenusedinconjunctionwiththetermrisk,implyingthatuncertaintyisrisk.Uncertaintyisanunknownsituation,whichmayresultfromalackofinformationtosufficientlyquantifytheprobabilityofoccurrenceofaneventandtodeterminethemostlikelyoute.Therefore,anduncertaintythathasapotentialforamajorimpactonaprojectshouldbe:Assignedariske*posureinde*of0.8pendingfurtherresolutionoftheriske*posureIgnoreduntiladditionalinformationcanbeobtainedtoresolvetheactualriske*posureStudiedtodeterminealternativesthatmayhaveahighriskinde*,butarefullyunderstoodResolvedbeforeprojectimplementation,butmustberesolvedbeforestartingthatareaofworkResolvedbeforeprojectimplementationortheprojectmustbedelayedpendingabetterunderstandingofthesituation不確定性通常被用作是風(fēng)險的術(shù)語，暗示不確定就是風(fēng)險。不確定是一個不知道的情形，它可能是由于缺乏信息去對一個事件發(fā)生的可能性進展充分地量化，進而推斷最可能的結(jié)果造成的。因此，不確定在工程中潛在的主要影響應(yīng)當(dāng)是:a.對80%將來風(fēng)險爆發(fā)的情形指定一個風(fēng)險爆發(fā)系數(shù)b.被忽略直到得到額外的信息去解決暴露出的實際風(fēng)險c.有方案的指定一個有選擇的方法即可能有一個高風(fēng)險指數(shù)，但是有足夠的認(rèn)識d.在工程執(zhí)行前決定，但是必須在開場這局部工作前解決e.在工程執(zhí)行前解決或推遲工程對未定狀態(tài)達成一個好的諒解48.Asituationinwhichoneoftwoormoreriskeventswillfollowanact,buttheprecisenatureoftheseeventsmaynotbeknownandtheprobabilitiesoftheiroccurringcannotbeobjectivelyassigned,isthedefinitionof:CertaintyUncertaintyRiskRiskadversityNoneoftheabove49.Aproposedprojectwillhaveaninitialoutlayof$1,500.Attheendofyearone,thereisa0.3probabilityoflossanda0.7probabilityofa$2,000revenue.Attheendofyeartwo,thereisa0.4probabilityofa$200lossanda0.6probabilityofa$5,000revenue.Assuminganinterestrateof10percentpoundedannually,whatisthee*pectednetpresentvalueoftheproject"$3,254$2.158$450<$200>一個工程的啟動費用是$1,500。在第一年末，損失$100的可能性是0.3，而收入$2,000的可能性是0.7。在第二年末損失$200的可能性是0.4而收入$5,000的可能性是0.6。假設(shè)年利率為10%，計算工程的凈現(xiàn)值是多少"a.$3,254。b.$2,158c.$450d.(-$200)50.Theweathermanpredictedthereisa45%chanceofrainanda10%chancethattherainwillbeacpaniedbywind.Whatistheprobabilitythatthebaseballgamewillbecalledduetorainandwind"4.5%45%48.5%55%氣象員預(yù)報雨天的可能性是45%同時10%的可能是風(fēng)伴隨著雨。由于風(fēng)和雨棒球比賽被召集的可能性是多少"a.4.5%b.45%c.48.5%d.55%51.Whileidentifyingtherisksassociatedwithanewproject,thePMfindsthatthevendorfeelsthereisa15%chancethattheiremployeeswillgoonstrike.Whichwouldimpactthedeliveryofacriticalponentoftheproject"Uppermanagementindicatesthereisa25%probabilitytherewillbeahiringfreezewhichwilllimitthenewpersonnelwhichcanbehiredfortheteam.Whatistheprobabilitythatbothriskissueswilloccurandimpactthesuccessoftheproject"37.5%40%3.75%Notenoughinformationprovided當(dāng)對一個新工程進展風(fēng)險識別時，工程經(jīng)理發(fā)現(xiàn)賣主感覺到他們的雇員方面冒風(fēng)險的可能性是15%，此風(fēng)險將影響到工程關(guān)鍵容的交付。上級管理層指出租金被凍結(jié)的可能性是25%，租金凍結(jié)將限制工程組成員的雇傭。兩個反向同時發(fā)生而影響工程成功的可能性是多少"a.37.5%b.40%c.3.75%d.沒有提供足夠的信息52.Ingeneral,disagreementsamongstakeholdersshouldberesolvedinSponsorCustomerPerformingorganizationSeniormanagementNoneoftheabove通常，利益相關(guān)者之間的分歧可通過——解決。贊助者顧客執(zhí)行機構(gòu)高級經(jīng)理以上均不是53.Whentheprojectteamisnotcollocated,establishingawaytohelpteammembersmunicatequicklyandfrequentlyisessential.OnepracticalapproachistoBringeveryonetogetherfrequentlyformeetingsConductinformalaudioconferencemeetingsregularlyHoldaprojectkickoffmeetingSetupanelectronicyearbookthatlistseachteammember’sacplishmentsandbackgroundAlltheabove當(dāng)工程組尚未組建時，建立一條有助于團隊成員及時迅速溝通的途徑至關(guān)重要。一條可行的途徑是：頻繁召集所有人召開會議有規(guī)律的舉辦非正式的聽證會舉辦工程啟動會制定電子年鑒列出成員的資歷和背景以上全部。54.AprojectmanagerwhowantstocreateareceptiveatmosphereformunicatingshouldEnsurethatallmunicationisclearandunderstoodSpeakorwriteasheorshewouldliketobespokenorwrittentoHavetheprojectteamprepareaprojectmunicationplanEnsurethatteammembershavetheinformationneededtodotheirworkEnsurethatteammembershavethetoolsavailabletofacilitate一個期望營造易于承受的溝通氣氛的工程經(jīng)理應(yīng)該確保所有交流清晰易懂以他或她自己喜歡的方式與別人交談或紙上交流讓工程組準(zhǔn)備一個工程溝通方案確保工程組成員獲得其任務(wù)所需的信息確保工程組成員獲得便利的工具。55.Thetooltechniqueusedformunicationplanningis—StakeholderanalysismunicationskillsInformationretrievalsystemsNoneoftheabove用于溝通方案的工具技術(shù)是利益相關(guān)者分析溝通技巧信息挽救系統(tǒng)以上均不是56.Whichofthefollowingtermsdescribesthestrongpressureswithinagrouptoconformtogroupnormsatthee*penseofcriticalandinnovativethinking"GroupoppressionGroupspeakGroupthoughtGroupthoughtGroupgrope以下那一個術(shù)語描述的是在小組強大壓力下，使關(guān)鍵費用的小組標(biāo)準(zhǔn)同創(chuàng)新思想的小組標(biāo)準(zhǔn)相一致"小組的壓抑小組請求小組思想小組思維小組摸索57.EmpathicListeningentailsunderstandinganotherperson’sframeofreference.Toe*hibitempathicListeningskills,aprojectmanagershould—MimicthecontentofthemessageProbe,thencontent,thenadviseEvaluatethecontent,thenadviseRephrasethecontentandreflectthefeelingNoneoftheabove投入的傾聽需要理解對方的觀點.為展示投入的傾聽技巧工程經(jīng)理應(yīng)該:a.模仿信息的容b.探查容進而建議c.評估容繼而建議d.改述容并反映自己的觀點e.以上均不是58.Thepresenceofmunicationbarriersismostlikelytoleadto—ReducedproductivityIncreasedhostilityLowmoraleIncreasedconflictIncreasedstress溝通障礙的存在最可能導(dǎo)致生產(chǎn)力下降敵對升級士氣低落沖突增加壓力上升59.Asaprojectmunicationmanagementprocess,administrativecloseoutconsistsofverifyinganddocumentingprojectresultstoformalizeacceptanceoftheprojectproductbythecustomer.Theoutputgeneratedfromadministrativecloseoutactivitiesconsistsof—Projectarchives,formalacceptance,andlessonslearnedChangerequests,projectrecords,andlessonslearnedLessonslearned,performancereports,andchangerequestsmunicationmanagementplans,changerequests,andprojectarchivesNoneoftheabove在工程溝通管理程序中，行政收尾包括驗證并將工程結(jié)果形成文件實現(xiàn)客戶正式接收工程產(chǎn)品。行政收尾工序產(chǎn)生的輸出包括：工程檔案，正式驗收，取得的經(jīng)歷要求變更，工程紀(jì)錄，取得的經(jīng)歷取得的經(jīng)歷，執(zhí)行情況報告，變更要求溝通管理方案，變更要求，工程檔案以上均不是60.Whenmunicatingwithanaction-orientedperson,aprojectmanagershould—BeasbriefaspossibleandemphasizethepracticalityofhisorherideasProvideoptions,includingtheprosandconsStresstherelationshipsbetweenhisorherproposalsandthepeopleconcernedRemainpatientiftheotherpersongoesoffontangentsSpeakasquicklyaspossibletoensurethatalltheinformationisconveyed當(dāng)與一個行為導(dǎo)向的人交流時工程經(jīng)理應(yīng)該：盡可能簡單并強調(diào)他或她觀點的實用性提供選項，包括正面的和負(fù)面的強調(diào)他或她的提議和人們關(guān)心問題之間的關(guān)系一旦對方離題需要保持耐心盡快的交談以確保所有信息被傳達61.Theprojectmanagercanenhanceprojectmunicationandteambuildingbydoingallthefollowinge*cept—HavingawarroomUsingatightmatri*BeingagoodmunicationblockerBeingamunicatione*peditorHoldingeffectivemeetings工程經(jīng)理不可以通過實施以下方法加強工程溝通及團隊建立:設(shè)立作戰(zhàn)間運用嚴(yán)密矩陣做一個好的溝通阻斷劑做交流的使者召開高效會議62.Ofthefollowingfactors,whichonehasthegreatesteffectontheproject’smunicationrequirements"StakeholderresponsibilityrelationshipsE*ternalinformationneedsAvailabilityoftechnologyTheproject’sorganizationalstructureE*pectedprojectstaffing以下因素中,哪一個對工程溝通需求有最大的影響"利害關(guān)系者職責(zé)關(guān)系外部信息需求技術(shù)的可用性工程組織構(gòu)造期望的工程人員招募63.Paraphrasingcanbeachievedbyrestatement—IndifferenttermsFromgeneraltospecifictermsFromspecifictogeneraltermsInoppositetermsAlltheabove可通過重述___到達解釋的目的不同的條款從普遍到特殊工程從特殊到普遍工程相反的條款以上全部64.Themostmonmun