201906四級(jí)真題（第三套）

2019年6月英語(yǔ)四級(jí)真題試卷PartIWriting(30minutes)Directions:thispart,areallowed30minutesanewsreportyourcampusnewspaperonavisitaHopeelementaryschoolorganizedbyyourStudentUnion.Youshouldatleast120wordsbutnothan180words._____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________PartⅡListeningComprehension(25minutes)說(shuō)明：由于2019年6月四級(jí)考試全國(guó)共考了2套聽(tīng)力，本套真題聽(tīng)力與前2套內(nèi)容完全一樣，只是順序不一樣，因此在本套真題中不再重復(fù)出現(xiàn)。PartIIIReadingComprehension(40minutes)SectionADirections:thissection,thereapassagetenblanks.Youarerequiredselectonewordforeachblankfromaofchoicesgivenawordbankfollowingthepassage.Readthepassagethroughcarefullybeforemakingyourchoices.Eachchoicethebankidentifiedbyaletter.PleasemarkthecorrespondingletterforeachitemonAnswerSheet2asinglelinethroughthecentre.Younotuseanyofthewordsthebankthanonce.Justbecausetheycan’tsingoperaorrideabicycledoesn’tthatanimalsdon’thaveculture.There’snobetterexampleofthisthankillerwhales.Asoneofthe__26__predators(食肉動(dòng)物)，killerwhalesmaynotthe__27__ofaculturedcreature.However,thesebeastsoftheseadodisplayarangeofhighly__28__behaviorsthatappearbedrivingtheirgeneticdevelopment.Theword“culture”comesfromthe“colere,”which__29__meanscultivate.”Inotherwords,refersanythingthat__30__orlearnt,ratherthaninstinctiveornatural.Amonghumanpopulations,culturenotonlyaffectsthewaywelive,butalsowritesitselfintoourgenes,affectingwhoweare.instance,havingspentgenerationshuntingthefatmarinemammalsoftheArctic,theEskimosofGreenlandhavedevelopedcertaingenetic__31__thathelpthemdigestandutilizethisfat-richdiet,therebyallowingthem__32__theircoldclimate.Likehumans,killerwhaleshavecolonizedarangeofdifferent__33__acrosstheglobe,occupyingeveryoceanbasinontheplanet,withanempirethat__34__frompolepole.Assuch,differentpopulationsofkillerwhaleshavehadlearndifferenthuntingtechniquesordertheupperhandovertheirlocalprey(獵物).This,turn,hasamajoreffectontheirdiet,leadingscientists__35__thattheabilitylearnpopulation-specifichuntingmethodscouldbedrivingtheanimals’geneticdevelopment.A)acquiredadaptationsbrutalD)deliberatelyexpressedextendsG)habitatsH)humbleI)J)litereallyK)refinedrevolvesspeculateN)structureO)thriveSectionBDirections:Inthissection,aregoingreadapassagetenstatementsattachedeachstatementcontainsinformationgivenoneoftheparagraphs.Identifytheparagraphfromwhichtheinformationderived.Youchooseaparagraphmorethanonce.Eachparagraphmarkedaletter.AnswerthequestionsbymarkingthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2.Livingwithparentsedgesotherlivingarrangementsfor18-to34-year-oldsA)Broaddemographic(人口的)shiftsmaritalstatus,educationalattainmentandemploymenthavetransformedthewayyoungadultstheareliving,andanewResearchCenteranalysishighlightstheimplicationsofthesechangesforthemostbasicelementoftheirlives—wheretheycallhome.2014,forthefirstthan130years,adultsages1834wereslightlylikelybelivingtheirparents’homethantheywerebelivingaspouseorpartnertheirownhousehold.ThisturnofeventsfueledprimarilybythedramaticdroptheshareofyoungAmericanswhoarechoosingsettledownromanticallybefore35.Datingback1880,themostcommonlivingarrangementamongyoungadultshasbeenlivingaromanticpartner,whetheraspouseorasignificantother.Thisofarrangementpeakedaround1960,when62%ofthenation’s34-year-oldswerelivingaspouseorpartnertheirownhousehold,andonlyone-in-fivewerelivingtheirparents.2014,31.6%ofyoungadultswerelivingaspouseorpartnertheirownhousehold,belowthesharelivingthehomeoftheirparent(s)(32.1%).Some14%ofyoungadultslivedalone,wereasingleparentorlivedoneormoreroommates.Theremaining22%livedthehomeofanotherfamilymember(suchasagrandparent,in-laworsibling(兄弟姐妹),anon-relative,orgroupquarterslikecollegedormitories.D)It’sworthnotingthattheoverallshareofyoungadultslivingtheirparentswasnotatarecord2014.Thisarrangementpeakedaround1940,whenabout35%ofthenation’s34-year-oldslivedwithmomand/ordad(comparedwith32%2014).Whathaschanged,instead,therelativeshareadoptingdifferentoflivingearlyadulthood,thedeclineofromanticcouplingpushinglivingathomethetopofalessuniformoflivingarrangements.Amongyoungadults,livingarrangementsdiffersignificantlybygender.menages1834,livingathomemomand/ordadhasbeenthedominantlivingarrangementsince2009,In2014,28%ofyoungwerelivingaspouseofpartnertheirownhome,while35%werelivingthehomeoftheirparent(s).Youngwomen,however,aremorelikelybelivingaspouseofromanticpartner(35%)thantheyarebelivingtheirparent(s)(29%).In2014,young(16%)thanyoungmen(13%)wereheadingupahouseholdwithoutaspouseorpartner.Thismainlybecausearemorelikelythanbesingleparentslivingtheirchildren.theirpart,youngmen(25%)arelikelythanyoung(19%)belivingthehomeofanotherfamilymember,anon-relativeorofgroupquarters.G)Avarietyoffactorscontributethelong-runincreasetheshareofyoung.Adultslivingtheparents.Thefirstthepostponementof,notretreatmarriage.Theaverageoffirstmarriagehasrisensteadilyfordecades.Inaddition,agrowingshareofyoungadultbeavoidingmarriagealtogether.ApreviousResearchCenteranalysisprojectedthatasmanyasone-in-fouroftoday’syoungadultmaynevermarry.cohabitation(同居)hasbeenontherise,theoverallshareofyoungadultseithermarriedorlivinganunmarriedpartnerhassubstantiallyfallensince1990.H)Inaddition,trendsbothemploymentstatusandwageshavelikelycontributedthegrowingshareofyoungadultswhoarelivingthehomeoftheirparent(s),andthisespeciallytrueofyoungmen.Employedyoungaremuchlesslikelyliveathomethanyoungwithoutajob,andemploymentamongyounghasfallensignificantlyrecentdecades.Theshareofyoungmenjobspeakedaround1960at84%.In2014,only71%of18-to-34-year-oldmenwereemployed.Similarlyearnings,youngmen’swages(afteradjustingforinflation)havebeenonadownwardtrajectory(軌跡)since1970andfellsignificantlyfrom20002010.Aswageshavefallen,theshareofyounglivingthehomeoftheirparent(s)hasrisen.I)Economicfactorsseemexplainlessofwhyyoungadultareincreasinglylikelyliveathome.Generally,younghavehadgrowingsuccessthepaidlabormarketsince1960andhenceincreasinglybeexpectedbeabeaffordaffordliveindependentlyoftheirparents.women,delayedmarriage—whichrelated,part,labormarketoutcomesformen—mayexplainoftheincreasetheirlivingthefamilyhome.J)TheGreatRecession(andmodestrecovery)hasalsobeenassociatedanincreaseyoungadultslivingathome.Initiallytheoftherecession,collegeenrollmentsexpanded,boostingtheranksofyoungadultslivingathome.Andgiventheweakjobopportunitiesfacingyoungadults,livingathomewaspartoftheprivatesafetynethelpyoungadultsweathertheeconomicK)Beyondgender,youngadult’slivingarrangementsdifferconsiderablebyeducation—whichtiedfinancialmeans.youngadultswithoutabachelor’sdegree,asof2008livingathometheirparentswasprevalentthanlivingaromanticpartner.2014,36%of324-year-oldswhohadnotcompletedabachelor’sdegreewerelivingtheirparent(s)while7%werelivingaspouseorpartner.Amongcollegegraduates,201446%weremarriedorlivingapartner,andonly19%werelivingtheirparent(s).Youngadultsacollegedegreehavefaredmuchbetterthelabormarketthantheirless-educatedcounterparts,whichhasturnmadeeasierestablishtheirownhouseholds.336.Unemployedyoungaremorelikelylivetheirparentsthantheemployed.2014,thepercentageofmenaged1834livingtheirparentswasgreaterthanthatoftheirfemalecounterparts.38.Thepercentageofyoungpeoplewhoaremarriedorliveapartnerhasgreatlydecreasedthepastthreedecadesorso.39.Aroundthemid-20thcentury,only20percentof18-34-year-oldlivedtheirparents’home.4440.Youngadultsacollegedegreefoundeasierliveindependentlyoftheirparents.1.Youngmenarelesslikelyendupassingleparentsthanyoungwomen.2.Moreyoungadultlivetheirparentsthanbeforeduedelayedmarriage.43.Thepercentageofyoungwholivetheirparentshasduetheirdecreasedpayrecentdecades.444.Therisethenumberofcollegestudentsmademoreyoungadultslivetheirparents.5.Onereasonforyoungadultslivetheirparentsthatmarriedlateorstaysinglealltheirlives.SectionCDirections:Thereare2passagesthissection.Eachfollowedbyquestionsorunfinishedstatements.eachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA),andD).YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandthecorrespondingletteronAnswer2asinglelinethroughthecentre.PassageQuestions46to50arebasedonfollowingpassage.AccordingthemajorityofAmericans,areeverybitascapableofbeinggoodpoliticalleadersasmen.Thecanbesaidoftheirabilitydominatethecorporateboardroom.AndaccordinganewResearchCentersurveyonandleadership,mostAmericansfindindistinguishablefromonleadershiptraitssuchasintelligenceandcapacityforinnovation,manysayingthey’restrongerthantermsofbeingpassionateandorganizedleaders.then,areshortsupplyatthetopofgovernmentandbusinesstheUnitedStates?Accordingthepublic,atleast,it’snotthattheylacktoughness,managementtalentorproperskillsets.It’salsonotallaboutwork-lifebalance.Althougheconomicresearchandprevioussurveyfindingshaveshownthatcareerinterruptionsrelatedmotherhoodmayharderforadvancetheircareersandcompetefortopexecutivejobs,relativelyfewadultstherecentsurveypointthisasabarrierforseekingleadershiproles.Onlyaboutone-in-fivesaywomen’sfamilyresponsibilitiesareamajorreasonwhytherearen’tmorefemalestopleadershippositionsbusinessandpolitics.Instead,toppingtheofreasons,aboutfour-in-tenAmericanspointadoublestandardforseekingclimbthehighestlevelsofeitherpoliticsorbusiness,wheretheyhavedomorethantheircounterpartsprovethemselves.Similarsharessaytheelectorate(選民)andcorporateAmericaarejustnotreadyputmoretopleadershippositions.Asaresult,thepublicdividedaboutwhethertheimbalancecorporateAmericachangetheforeseeablefuture,eventhoughhavemadeadvancestheworkplace.53%believecontinueholdmoretopexecutivepositionsbusinessthefuture,44%sayonlyamatterofbeforeasaretopexecutivepositionsasmen.Americansarelessdoubtfulwhencomespolitics:73%expectseeafemalepresidenttheirlifetime.46.WhatAmericansthinkofwomenleadersaccordingtoaPewResearchCentersurvey?A)Theyhavedomoredistinguishthemselves.Theyhavestrivehardertheirpositions.C)Theyarestrongerthantermsofwillpower.D)Theyarejustasintelligentandinnovativeasmen.47.Whatwelearnfromprevioussurveyfindingswomenseekingleadershiproles?A)Theyhaveunconquerabledifficultiesontheirwaysuccess.TheyarelackingconfidencewhencompetingC)Theirfailureshavesomethingdofamilyduties.D)Relativelyfewarehinderedtheircareeradvancement.48.Whatprimaryfactorkeepingwomenfromtakingtopleadershippositionsaccordingtorecentsurvey?A)Personalitytraits.Familyresponsibilities.C)Genderbias.D)Lackofvacancies.49.WhatdoespassagesaycorporateAmericanearfuture?A)andsittheboardroom.Genderimbalanceleadershiplikelychange.C)Thepublicundecidedaboutwhethergoodleaders.D)Peoplehaveopposingopinionsaswhetherhavemoreleaders.50.WhatAmericansexpecttoseesoononAmerica’spoliticalstage?A)Athehighestpositionofgovernment.andactivelyengagedpolitics.majorityofvotingforafemalepresident.D)AsmanytopgovernmentpositionsasPassageTwoQuestions51to55arebasedonfollowingpassage.Peoplehavetalleroverthelastcentury,SouthKoreanshootingupbymorethan20cmonaverage,andIranian16.5cm.Aglobalstudylookedattheaverageheightof18-year-olds200countries1914and2014.TheresultsrevealthatwhileSwedeswerethetallestpeopletheworld1914,Dutchhaverisenfrom12thplaceclaimtopspotanaverageheightof182.5cm.Larvianwomen.Meanwhile,rosefrom28thplace1914becomethetallesttheworldacenturylater,anaverageheightof169.8cm.JamesBentham,aco-authoroftheresearchfromImperialCollege,London,theglobaltrendlikelybedueprimarilyimprovementsnutritionandhealthcare.individual’sgeneticshasabiginfluenceontheirheight,butonceaverageoverwholepopulations,geneticsplaysalessrole,”headded.Alittleheightbringsanumberofadvantages,ElioRiboliofImperialCollege.“Beingtallerassociatedlongerexpectancy,”hesaid.largelyduealowerriskofdyingofcardiovascular(心血管的)diseaseamongtallerpeople.”Butwhileheighthasincreasedaroundtheworld,thetrendcountriesofnorthandsub-SaharanAfricacausesconcern,Riboli.heightincreasedUgandaandduringtheearly20thcentury,thetrendhasreversedrecentyears,heightdecreasingamong18-year-olds.“Onereasonforthesedecreasesheighttheeconomicsituationthe1980s,”saidAlexanderMoradioftheUniversithofSussex.Thenutritionalandhealthcrisesthatfollowedthepolicyofstructuraladjustment,hesays,ledmanychildrenandteenagersfailingreachtheirfullpotentialtermsofheight.Benthambelievetheglobalrte