Unit34期中復(fù)習(xí)學(xué)案牛津譯林版英語(yǔ)八年級(jí)上冊(cè)

Step1熱身練習(xí)Istheworldreallygoingmad?__1__dayIwassittinginarestauranthavingaquickdrinkandatalkwithafewfriendswhenitsuddenlystruckmethatalmosteveryoneintherestaurantwassmoking.Itwasn'tlong__2__thewholeroomwasfilledwithsmoke.Iaskedwithanapologyforpermissiontoopenawindowtostopmyself__3__!Nowadaysairpollutionissomethingthathardlyquestionanymore.However,Istillcan'twalkdownthestreetinanyofthebigcitieswithoutthinkingthatpeopleare__4__fromtheairpollution.Itistimeforthegovernmentdepartmentsoftheworldtointroduceemission(廢氣排放)controlsonallcarsand__5__thepublictransportsystem(公共交通體系)toencouragepeopletoleavetheircarsathome.Afriendofminetakesflyinglessoneachmorninganditreallymakeshim__6__whenheclimbsabovethesmoglayer(煙霧)andlooksdownatitandthinks:“I’mbreathingthat!”Thiskindof__7__resultsfromthebadmanagementofresources.Wastethingscan__8__should,betreatedproperly.Housebuilding,roadconstruction,andindustrialdevelopmentareallearthmoving(orearthreducing)operationsandcanchangethebalancesof__9__createdovermillionsofyears.Iwouldliketoseeseriousstudiesdoneonallthesemainworksbeforetheyarebuilt.Also,thereshouldbe__10__nationalparkssetuptokeepthemostbeautifulpartsofourcountriesintheirnaturalstate.1. A.Theother B.Another C.Every D.Each2. A.ago B.after C.before D.now3. A.dead B.die C.death D.dying4. A.suffering B.dying C.walking D.standing5. A.increase B.reduce C.improve D.raise6. A.sick B.tired C.foolish D.excited7. A.discussion B.question C.pollution D.operation8. A.but B.yet C.still D.and9. A.life B.mind C.humanbeing D.plants10. A.few B.any C.more D.noStep2U3知識(shí)點(diǎn)梳理icstrip&weletotheunitYouneedtoexerciseandkeepfit.(p.30)【重點(diǎn)單詞1·need】*行為動(dòng)詞needtodosth.需要做某事Youneedtodoitnow.→Youdon’tneedtodoitnow.（有人稱時(shí)態(tài)變化）*情態(tài)動(dòng)詞（常用于否定句/疑問(wèn)句中）needn’tdosth.→Youneedn’tdoitnow.*用于回答must問(wèn)句MustIdoitnow?Yes,youmust./No,youneedn’t./No,youdon’thaveto.【重點(diǎn)單詞2·exercise】詞義詞性例句鍛煉，運(yùn)動(dòng)動(dòng)詞Howoftendoyouexercise?needtoexercise(需要鍛煉)Heoftenexercises.（他經(jīng)常鍛煉）練習(xí)，體操名詞（可數(shù)名詞）grammarexercisesdomorningexercises鍛煉，運(yùn)動(dòng)名詞（不可數(shù)名詞）Swimmingisgoodexercise.Themindneedsexerciseaswellasthebody.【小試牛刀】學(xué)生應(yīng)該每天花至少一個(gè)小時(shí)進(jìn)行鍛煉。__________________________________________________________________Thishillisn’tashighasarealone!(p.30)ashighas... 像……一樣高【句型結(jié)構(gòu)】as+形容詞/副詞原級(jí)+as...像……一樣……（第一個(gè)as為副詞，第二個(gè)as為連詞）否定形式：notas/so...as...【小試牛刀】Shedoeshomeworkas_______________(careful)asyou.2.Idon’tknowifIcansing_________Tomdoes.Butatleast,myvoiceisnotbad.A.aswellas B.asgoodas C.asbetteras D.asbestas3.TheredmapleleavesofQixiaMountainareasbeautifulas_____ofXiangshan.A.it B.one C.that D.those【重點(diǎn)單詞·real】arealone 一個(gè)真的（one是代詞，代指上文出現(xiàn)的事物，復(fù)數(shù)用ones）【詞形變化】realadj. 真的reallyadv. 確實(shí)，的確【小試牛刀】①Thisisnota__________(real)dog,it’sjustatoy.Readingis____________(real)fun.3．eon,Hobo.Let’senjoyourselves!(p.30)【常用表達(dá)方式1】eon!來(lái)吧，趕快/加油！/得了吧，算了吧！_________,eandplaythisgamewithus.A.Holdon B.Geton C.Hangon D.eon【常用表達(dá)方式2】enjoyoneself玩得很愉快(=havefun=haveagoodtime)【小試牛刀】①Heenjoys______(ask)questionsinEnglish.②Didyouenjoy_______(you)attheparty?③Theyare_______(enjoy)theirlunch.④讓我們玩得開(kāi)心吧！Let’s___________________________.⑤YesterdayTomandLily_________________________(玩的開(kāi)心).⑥JosephandIwenttomycousin’sweddingtogetherthateveningand_________eatingandchattingwitheachother.A.enjoyedourselves B.enjoyedthemselves C.enjoyedmyself D.enjoyedhimselfYesterdayItookaboattripunderthefamousHarbourBridgeandwentpasttheSydneyOperaHouse.(p.31)【常用表達(dá)方式】go/walkpast…走過(guò)/經(jīng)過(guò)……【易混詞辨析】①past為名詞時(shí),意為“過(guò)去；昔日”。②pass為動(dòng)詞時(shí),意為“傳遞”，尤其指用手直接傳遞。Wecannotchangethepast,butwecantrytoforgetit.我們不能改變過(guò)去，但是我們能設(shè)法忘記它。Passmethesalt,please. 請(qǐng)把鹽遞給我?！拘≡嚺５丁縄heardhersingingwhenIwent_______herroomjustnow.A.pass B.past C.passed D.pastedWe’regoingtothetopoftheEiffelTowerthisafternoon!(P31)【句子分析】這是一個(gè)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)的句子，用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表將來(lái)。在英語(yǔ)中，go(去)，e(來(lái))，arrive(到達(dá))，leave(離開(kāi))，start(開(kāi)始),return(返回)等表示位置移動(dòng)的動(dòng)詞，它們的進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)往往表示將來(lái)，含有意圖、安排或打算的含義。這種現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)比較生動(dòng)，給人一種期待感，它常常表示最近或較近的將來(lái)。【例句】①M(fèi)aryisn'thereatthemoment．Sheisinglater．瑪麗此刻不在這兒，她一會(huì)兒就來(lái)。②Whenareyoustarting?你何時(shí)動(dòng)身?③TheSmithsareleavingforHongKongthisafternoon．史密斯一家人將于今天下午動(dòng)身去香港。④ThetraintoBeringisarrivingsoon．去北京的火車(chē)很快就要到了?！局攸c(diǎn)單詞·top】topn.頂部，（物體的）上面thetopof... ……的頂部onthetopof... 在……頂部tothetopof... 到……頂部thetopstudent 尖子生oneofthetopstudents 尖子生之一onthetopfloor 在頂樓Thebridgeismadeofsteel,isn’tit?Yes,anditweighsover100,000tons.(p.31)【易混詞組辨析】bemadeof... 由……制成（看得出原材料）bemadefrom... 由……制成（看不出原材料）bemadein+地點(diǎn)/年份 產(chǎn)自某地//產(chǎn)于某年【小試牛刀】①Thedesk_________________wood.Thebook___________________paper.②Thecoat____________________wool/cotton.③Thepaper___________________woolandclothes.④Thewine___________________grapes.【重點(diǎn)單詞】over=morethan大于，超過(guò)ReadingYesterdayKitty’steacherMr.WuinvitedmetojointheirschooltriptotheWorldPark.(p.32)【常用表達(dá)方式】invitesb.todosth. 邀請(qǐng)某人做某事【小試牛刀】①Heofteninvitesus________(have)dinnerathishome.答案：tohave②Thankyoufori________metoyourhome.答案：inviting【易混詞辨析】單詞/詞組意義與用法例句join意為“參加，加入”后接表示團(tuán)體的名詞或表示人的詞，指參加某種組織或某人的活動(dòng)。（組織，俱樂(lè)部，軍隊(duì)，黨派并成為其中一員）jointheLeague 入團(tuán)jointheYoungPioneer入少先隊(duì)MygrandfatherwillneverforgetthedaywhenhejoinedtheParty.我爺爺永遠(yuǎn)也忘不了他人黨的那一天。Hisbrotherjoinedthearmyfiveyearsago.他哥哥是五年前參軍的。joinin參加某項(xiàng)運(yùn)動(dòng)或小規(guī)?；顒?dòng)，如參加討論，球賽，游行罷工等。說(shuō)參加某種活動(dòng)用joinin，如說(shuō)“與其人一起做某事”,則用joinsb.insth./doingsth.MayIjoininthegame?我可以參加這個(gè)游戲嗎？eandjoinusinthediscussion.來(lái)和我們一起討論吧！takepartin意為“參加（活動(dòng)/會(huì)議等）”側(cè)重參加某項(xiàng)群眾性集體性的事業(yè)工作或活動(dòng)，突出參加者在其中發(fā)揮一定的作用。AgreatnumberofstudentstookpartinMay4Movement.大批學(xué)生參加了五四運(yùn)動(dòng)。Wearegoingtohaveaparty.Doyouwanttotaktpartin?我們準(zhǔn)備舉辦一個(gè)晚會(huì)，你想?yún)⒓訂?？attend主要用于參加比較重要的場(chǎng)合與會(huì)議。Whowillattendthemeetingnextweek?下個(gè)星期哪些人會(huì)出席這次會(huì)議？Ittookusabouttwohourstogettherebybus.(p.32)【句型結(jié)構(gòu)】Ittakes/tooksb.sometimetodosth.做某事花了某人……時(shí)間【同義句轉(zhuǎn)換】Wespentabouttwohoursgettingtherebybus.【拓展·花費(fèi)的用法】1)spend的主語(yǔ)必須是人，常用于以下結(jié)構(gòu)：①spendtime/moneyonsth. 在……上花費(fèi)時(shí)間（金錢(qián)）②spendtime/money(in)doingsth. 花費(fèi)時(shí)間(金錢(qián))做某事③spendmoneyforsth. 花錢(qián)買(mǎi)…… Ispenttwohoursonthisdifficultproblem. 這道難題花了我兩個(gè)小時(shí)。Theyspenttwoyears(in)buildingthisbuilding. 造這座樓花了他們兩年時(shí)間。Hermoneywasspentforbooks. 她的錢(qián)用來(lái)買(mǎi)書(shū)了。2)cost的主語(yǔ)是物或某種活動(dòng)，還可以表示“值”，常見(jiàn)用法如下:①sth.costs(sb.)+金錢(qián)，某物花了（某人）多少錢(qián)。例：Anewmobilephonecostsalotofmoney. 買(mǎi)一個(gè)新要花一大筆錢(qián)。②(doing)sth. costs(sb.)+時(shí)間 某物/做某事花了（某人）多少時(shí)間Rememberingthesenewwordscosttheyoungboyalotoftime.這個(gè)小男孩花了大時(shí)間才記住了這些單詞。3)pay的基本用法是：①pay(sb.)moneyforsth. 付錢(qián)(給某人)買(mǎi)…… ②payforsth. 付……的錢(qián)③payforsb. 替某人付錢(qián)④paysb. 付錢(qián)給某人⑤paymoneyback 還錢(qián)⑥payoffone'smoney 還清錢(qián)Wehavetopaythem40poundsforthisroomeachmonth. 我們每個(gè)月要付40英鎊的房租。Ihavetopayforthebaglost. 我不得不賠丟失的包。Don'tworry!I'llpayforyou. 別擔(dān)心，我會(huì)給你付錢(qián)的。Thebosspaysuseverymonth. 老板每月給我們報(bào)酬。MayIborrow30yuanfromyou?I'llpayitbacknextweek. 你能借給我30塊錢(qián)嗎？下周還你。Therewasalotoftrafficonthewayandthejourneywasalittleboring.(p.32)【常用表達(dá)方式1】alotof/muchtraffic交通擁擠（traffic“交通”是不可數(shù)名詞）也常與heavy/busy連用時(shí)，表示“交通擁擠”。Thereislittletrafficontheoldstreet.這條老街上的車(chē)輛不多?！就卣埂颗ctraffic相關(guān)的用語(yǔ)trafficlights 交通信號(hào)燈(紅綠燈）trafficisland 交通島（安全島）trafficaccidents 交通事故trafficpolice 交通警察【小試牛刀】There_______(be)always_______________________(交通擁擠)inthestreet.【常用表達(dá)方式2】ontheway在路上【拓展】onthe/one’sway(tosp.) 在(去某地的)路上onthe/mywayhome 在我回家的路上bytheway 順便說(shuō)一下，順便問(wèn)一下【重點(diǎn)單詞·journey】journey=alongtrip 長(zhǎng)途旅行Thisneednotbetheendofthejourney. 這里未必就是你旅行的終點(diǎn)?！就愒~辨析】journeyn.旅行，旅程普通用語(yǔ)，指陸地上的遠(yuǎn)程旅行。tourn.周游指途中在許多地方作短暫停留的觀光游覽。tripn.旅行指來(lái)往有定的短距離旅行，強(qiáng)調(diào)在路上所花的時(shí)間和所走的路程。traveln.旅行慣用復(fù)數(shù)形式。泛指旅行各地，表示旅行的路途時(shí)間長(zhǎng)?！纠洹緼tfirst,Iwasafraidthelongjourneywouldbetoomuchfortheyounggirl.起初我擔(dān)心這個(gè)小女孩不能行這樣遠(yuǎn)的路。Thistripwascancelledbecauseoftherainstorm.因?yàn)楸╋L(fēng)雨，旅行取消了?！局攸c(diǎn)單詞2·boring】boringadj. (某事)令人無(wú)聊，乏味，枯燥boredadj. （某人）感到無(wú)聊【小試牛刀】①Youwillneverfeel____________(bore)withMax.答案：bored②Thefilmwasso__________(bore)thatwealmostfellasleep.答案：boringWefinallyarrivedatthepark.(p.32)【重點(diǎn)單詞·finally】finallyadv.最后＝atlast=intheend【小試牛刀】①_________(final),wewonthevolleyballmatch.答案：Finally②We_____________(atlast)gottothetopofthemountain.答案：finally【重點(diǎn)詞組】arriveatthepark 到達(dá)公園arriveat+小地點(diǎn)（公園，學(xué)校，醫(yī)院，車(chē)站，站臺(tái)等）arrivein+大地點(diǎn)（國(guó)家，城市等）【易混詞辨析】單詞意義與用法例句arrive不及物動(dòng)詞，可單獨(dú)使用。表示到達(dá)某地時(shí)，后面要接介詞in/at，但接here,there,home等地方副詞時(shí)要省略介詞。Whendidyouarrive?I’llarriveattheairportat7.HearrivedinShanghaiyesterdayafternoon.reach及物動(dòng)詞，后直接接表示地點(diǎn)的詞作賓語(yǔ)。Whynotreachthereearlier?getto后面接地點(diǎn)副詞時(shí)省略介詞toCanyougethomebefore12?【小試牛刀】Whowasthefirstto____school? ItwasMike.A.get B.arrive C.reachin D.arriveatAllofuscouldn’twaittogetoffthebus.(p.32)【常用表達(dá)方式】can’t/couldn’twaittodosth. 迫不及待去做某事【小試牛刀】①琳達(dá)迫不及待地加入藝術(shù)俱樂(lè)部。Lindacouldn’t_____________________theartclub.【詞組】geton 上車(chē)getoff 下車(chē)geton/offit【小試牛刀】①Thebuswasing.Weall_____________.A.gotonitB.gotoffitC.gotitonD.gotitoff②Excuseme,whereisBeijingZoo?Youcan_________thebusatthenextstop.It’sjustnexttoit.A.getoff B.geton C.getoutof D.getintoTherearemodelsofmorethanahundredplacesofinterestfromallovertheworld.(p.32)【數(shù)量詞】ahundred一百 twothousand兩千 threemillion三百萬(wàn)hundredsof...數(shù)以百計(jì)的thousandsof...數(shù)以千計(jì)的millionsof...數(shù)以百萬(wàn)計(jì)的【常用表達(dá)方式】aplaceofinterest 一處風(fēng)景，名勝many/someplacesofinterest 許多／一些名勝古跡【重點(diǎn)單詞·interest】interest作名詞，意思是“興趣；關(guān)心”，可以用作可數(shù)名詞，也可以用作不可數(shù)名詞。作“業(yè)余愛(ài)好”講時(shí)，是可數(shù)名詞。也可作動(dòng)詞，意思是“使……感興趣”。Hermaininterestsaremusicandreading. 她的主要業(yè)余愛(ài)好是音樂(lè)和閱讀.HehasinterestinEnglish. 他對(duì)英語(yǔ)有興趣。Thenewbookdoesn'tinterestmemuch. 這本新書(shū)不太使我感興趣?！就卣埂縤nterest的形容詞形式有：interested“感興趣的；關(guān)心的”，通常修飾說(shuō)明人，句式為be/beeinterestedin...，對(duì)……感興趣；interesting“有趣的；有吸引力的”，常修飾說(shuō)明物，作定語(yǔ)或表語(yǔ)。SheisinterestedinChinese. 她對(duì)語(yǔ)文感興趣。Thestoryisveryinteresting. 那個(gè)故事很有趣。GrammarThebusisasfortableasthoseintheUSA．(P35)【句子分析】本句使用了形容詞的同級(jí)比較結(jié)構(gòu)，句中的those指代thebuses。在比較狀語(yǔ)從句中，為了避免重復(fù)，可用those代替句中前面已提到的表示復(fù)數(shù)的人或物，以避免重復(fù)使用前面的名詞?！纠洹竣賂hebooksonthetablearenewerthanthoseinmyschoolbag．桌子上的那些書(shū)比我書(shū)包里的那些新。②Theapplesonthedeskaremuchbiggerthanthoseinthebasket．桌上的蘋(píng)果比籃子里的要大得多。ThemodelSydneyOperaHouselooksaswonderfulasthatinAustralia．(P35)【句子分析】本句使用了形容詞的同級(jí)比較結(jié)構(gòu)，句中的that指代theSydneyOperaHouse。在比較狀語(yǔ)從句中，為了避免重復(fù)，可用that代替句中前面已提到的表示單數(shù)的比較對(duì)象。【例句】①ThepopulationofChinaislargerthanthatofCanada．中國(guó)的人口比加拿大多。②TheweatherinBeijingismuchcolderthanthatinShanghaiinwinter．冬天北京的天氣比上海冷得多?！菊Z(yǔ)法1】as…as的用法當(dāng)我們要表示雙方某方面(如年齡、身高等)程度相同或不同時(shí)，常用as…as或notas…as結(jié)構(gòu)，表示“和……一樣”或“和……不一樣”。如：MaryisascarefulasLinda．瑪麗和琳達(dá)一樣仔細(xì)。HedoesnotrunasfastasTom．他跑步?jīng)]有湯姆快。在使用同級(jí)比較時(shí)要注意以下問(wèn)題：1．a(chǎn)s…as或notas…as屬同級(jí)比較，在此結(jié)構(gòu)中，要使用形容詞或副詞的原級(jí)。2．在否定句中，第一個(gè)as也可換成so。Aisnotas／so…asB意為“A不如B……”。如：Thisdeskisnotasheavyasthatone．這張桌子沒(méi)有那張重。=Thisdeskisnotsoheavyasthatone．3．當(dāng)我們對(duì)事物進(jìn)行比較時(shí)，要注意比較的雙方必須是同類事物。如：她的尺子和我的(尺子)一樣長(zhǎng)。Herrulerisaslongasmine．Herrulerisaslongasme．4．當(dāng)as…as結(jié)構(gòu)涉及數(shù)量或程度時(shí)，可用“asmuch+不可數(shù)名詞+as”或“asmany+可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)+as”。如：YoumadeasmanymistakesasIdidintheexam．考試中你犯的錯(cuò)誤和我犯的一樣多。HemadeasmuchmoneyasIdid．他賺的錢(qián)和我賺的一樣多。5．a(chǎn)s…as結(jié)構(gòu)前還可加表示倍數(shù)的詞。結(jié)構(gòu)為：倍數(shù)+as+形容詞或副詞原級(jí)+as。如：Theroomistwiceaslargeasthatone．這個(gè)房間是那個(gè)房間的兩倍大。6．我們可以將“A…+notas(so)+形容詞原級(jí)+as+B’，的結(jié)構(gòu)轉(zhuǎn)換為比較級(jí)。如：TomisnotastallasMike．湯姆沒(méi)有邁克高。=MikeistallerthanTom．邁克比湯姆高。=TomisshorterthanMike．湯姆比邁克矮。【語(yǔ)法2】反身代詞1）反身代詞的含義及構(gòu)成：指人們用來(lái)反指自己的代詞。英語(yǔ)中的反身代詞共有8個(gè)，它們有人稱和數(shù)的變化。反身代詞的構(gòu)成規(guī)律：第一、第二人稱的反身代詞：形容詞性物主代詞+self/selves；第三人稱的反身代詞：人稱代詞的賓格加self/selves。2）反身代詞的用法：反身代詞與它所指代的名詞或代詞形成互指關(guān)系，在句中常用作賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)或同位語(yǔ)。1．反身代詞可以用作一些動(dòng)詞(短語(yǔ))或介詞的賓語(yǔ)，此時(shí)，句子的主語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ)必須同一個(gè)人或物。如：Wemustlookafterourselvesandkeepfit．我們必須照顧好自己，保持身體健康。Sheoftenbuysherselfniceclothes．她經(jīng)常為自己買(mǎi)漂亮的衣服。Don’tthinktoomuchofyourself!別過(guò)多地為自己考慮!2．反身代詞在句中還可以用作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)的同位語(yǔ)，用來(lái)加強(qiáng)語(yǔ)氣，表示“親自、本人、本身”等意思。但反身代詞在句中不能單獨(dú)作主語(yǔ)。如：Idon’tneedanyhelp.Icandoitmyself.我不需要幫助，我自己能做。(主語(yǔ)的同位語(yǔ))Idon’tneedanyhelp，myselfcandoit．Ifyouwanttoknowmore，youmayaskMissWhiteherself．如果你想了解更多情況，你可以問(wèn)一問(wèn)懷特小姐本人。(賓語(yǔ)的同位語(yǔ))3．反身代詞在句中還可以用作連系動(dòng)詞的表語(yǔ)。如：Thelittleboyinthephotowashimself．照片中的那個(gè)小男孩就是他自己。3）反身代詞構(gòu)成的固定表達(dá)：反身代詞可以與一些介詞、動(dòng)詞搭配，構(gòu)成一些十分有用的固定短語(yǔ)。如：byoneself意為“獨(dú)自，憑自己”，相當(dāng)于alone；enjoyoneself意為“玩得高興，過(guò)得愉快”，相當(dāng)于havefun或haveagoodtime；helponeselfto…意為“隨便吃或喝點(diǎn)……，隨便用……"；keep…tooneself意為“不將某事說(shuō)出去”SimonandLindalookedateachother.Theykeptthesecrettothemselves.(p.36)saytooneself意為“自言自語(yǔ)”。【小試牛刀】①I(mǎi)t'stimeforlunch.Help______(you)tosomefish,children.Integratedskillseandcheerforourteam!(p.37)我們得盡力使他振作起來(lái)。【拓展】cheersb.up給某人加油【小試牛刀】Weshouldtryto___________him___________.Don’tforgettobringyourfriends!(p.37)【常用表達(dá)方式】forgettodosth. 忘了去做某事（事情沒(méi)有做)forgetdoingsth. 忘了（曾經(jīng)）做過(guò)某事Sheforgottoclosethefrontdooryesterday. 昨天她忘記關(guān)前門(mén)了。（前門(mén)是開(kāi)著的）Sheforgotclosingthefrontdooryesterday.昨天她忘記曾關(guān)了前門(mén)。（前門(mén)是關(guān)著的）【拓展】remembertodosth. 記著去做某事(事情還沒(méi)有做）rememberdoingsth. 記著做過(guò)某事（事已做了）Iremembertotellyouthatnews.我記得要告訴你那個(gè)消息。（未告訴）Irememberedtellingyouthatnews.我記得已經(jīng)告訴了你那個(gè)消息。（已告訴）Withyoursupport,wewillwin!(p.37)【句子分析】此處的support作名詞，意為“支持”，withone’ssupport意為“在某人的支持下”，通常在句中作狀語(yǔ)，相當(dāng)于withone’shelp／withthehelpofsb.，意為“在某人的幫助下”。反義短語(yǔ)為withoutone’ssupport／help，意為“沒(méi)有某人的支持／幫助”。如：Withtheirsupport，Iwonthefirstprize．在他們的支持下，我獲得了一等獎(jiǎng)。WithTom’shelp，theoldmancrossedtheroadsafely．在湯姆的幫助下，那位老人安全地過(guò)了馬路。Withoutyoursupport，wecouldn’twin．如果沒(méi)有你們的支持，我們不可能獲勝?！就卣埂縮upport也可用作動(dòng)詞，supportsomebody意為“支持某人”。Iwillsupportyouthistime． 【詞形變化】supporter是名詞，意為“支持者，擁護(hù)者”。如：Whoisthesupporterofyourbrother? 【小試牛刀】①Congratulations!Youcamefirstinthe100metrerace!Thanks.Icouldn’twin____yoursupport.A.through B.with C.during D.without②在他的支持下，我能夠幸福地上學(xué)。___________________________,Icangotoschoolhappily.WhatabouttheGreatWall?(p.38)【拓展·提建議】表達(dá)方式意義例句Whynotdo...?/Whydon’tyoudo...?為什么不……？Whynothavearest?Whydon’tyouetomypartyinstead?What/Howabout+n.?What/Howabout+v.ing?……怎么樣？What/Howaboutthispairofshoes?What/Howaboutgoingcampingthisweekend?③Let’sdo...咱們……吧！Let’smeetattheschoolgateat7.④Shallwedo...?我們……好嗎？Shallwegotothecinematonight?注：Whynot?也可以獨(dú)立成句?！局睋糁锌肌竣貺et’s______tothemovies! I’msorry.Imust_____myhomeworkfirst.A.going;do B.go;doing C.go;do D.going;doing②Shallwegotothesupermarketafterschool?Ineedtobuysomething.______Let’smeetattheschoolgateat5p.m.A.Itdoesn’tmatter. B.AreyouOK? C.Whynot? D.That’sallright.③I’mtiredoutafterthreedayworkdayandnight.______relaxyourself?Gooutandenjoythenaturalbeauty.A.Whynot B.Whydon’t C.Whatabout D.Shallwe④It’snearlylunchtime.Howabouthavingsomenoodlesanddumplings? ______.A.You’rewele B.That’sallrightC.That’sniceofyou D.Thatsoundsgood⑤AreyougoingtotryoutforthehostoftheEnglishparty?______?ItissuchagoodchancetoimprovemyspokenEnglish.A.What’sup B.What’swrong C.Whyme D.WhynotThatsoundsgood,butit’stoofaraway.(p.38)【常用表達(dá)方式】faraway 遠(yuǎn)，遠(yuǎn)離farawayfrom.... 離……遠(yuǎn)3000kilometres(away)from... 離……3000米遠(yuǎn)Studyskills【后綴ful/less】helplesshelpful uselessusefulcarelesscareful tastelesstastelesshopelesshopeful meaninglessmeaningful【小試牛刀】①HaveyouseenthefilmSleeplessSeattle?Notreally.What’sitabout?Inthisdialogue,theword‘sleepless’means_________.A.sleepy B.withoutsleep C.fullofsleep D.inneedofsleep②Ithinkhisadviceis______(use),soIdon'twanttotakeit.③Iwatchaplaylastweek.Myticketis_________(use)now,butI’llkeepit.④Lookatyourhomework.How___________(care)youare!Youmadesomanymistakes.TaskWehopeyoucanjoinus.(p.41)【重點(diǎn)單詞】句中的hope用作及物動(dòng)詞，意為“希望”，后接動(dòng)詞不定式或從句。如：Hehopestofindabetterjobinthefuture．他希望將來(lái)能找到一個(gè)更好的工作。Ihope(that)youcangivemesomeadvice．我希望你能給我一些建議。【注意】作簡(jiǎn)短回答時(shí)，hope后可用替代詞so(肯定)或not(否定)。如：Couldyouetomybirthdayparty? 你能來(lái)參加我的生日聚會(huì)嗎?Ihopeso．我希望如此?！緦?duì)比】在英語(yǔ)中，wish后面也可接動(dòng)詞不定式或that從句，其意義相當(dāng)于“想要，希望”。wish接that從句時(shí)一般表示某種強(qiáng)烈而又難以實(shí)現(xiàn)的“愿望”，而hope表示可以實(shí)現(xiàn)或能達(dá)到的“希望”。如：Ihope(that)itwillbesunnytomorrow． 我希望明天天氣晴朗。Iwishyousuccess． 我祝你成功。IwishIcouldflylikeabird． 但愿我能像鳥(niǎo)一樣飛?！拘≡嚺５丁课蚁Ｍ魈炷隳軄?lái)。I_________you__________________tomorrow.icstrip&weletotheunitHereareclearinstructions.(p.42)【重點(diǎn)單詞】instructionsn.[plural]detailedinformationonhowtodoorusesomething【常用表達(dá)方式】Followtheinstructionsonthepacketcarefully.Alwaysreadtheinstructionsbeforeyoustart.accordingtotheinstructionsAccordingtotheinstructions,youcangetstartedinonehour.【小試牛刀】在你用這個(gè)機(jī)器之前閱讀這些說(shuō)明.Readtheseinstructionsbeforeyouusethismachine．Allright.What’snext?(p.42)【辨析】Allright.作對(duì)方建議或勸告的應(yīng)答語(yǔ)。②作對(duì)方想法或請(qǐng)求的應(yīng)答語(yǔ)。Let'sgoandaskhim.Allright．Ithinkitisgreen.Allright.That’sright.是同意對(duì)方的觀點(diǎn)或看法時(shí)的常用語(yǔ)，意思是“對(duì)，正確”。Fiveandfiveisten．That'sright．That’sallright.作對(duì)方抱歉的禮貌應(yīng)答語(yǔ)。②作對(duì)方感謝的應(yīng)答語(yǔ)。I'msorry,Ican'tgotherewithyou.That'sallright．Thankyouverymuchforyourhelp．That'sallright．You’dbettergetsometools.(p.42)【必會(huì)用法】hadbetter（用于建議、警告、威脅、發(fā)表意見(jiàn)等）最好，可將其視為“情態(tài)”動(dòng)詞，可用于一切人稱，沒(méi)有任何詞形變化。其后接不帶to的不定式，表示現(xiàn)在或?qū)?lái)的概念。Youhadbettersithereandhavearest.你最好在此坐坐休息一會(huì)兒。（現(xiàn)在）Hehadbetterstayinbedtomorrow.他最好明天臥床休息。（將來(lái)）。hadbetter的否定式是在其后加not，如：Youhadbetternotsayitagain.你最好不要再提那件事了。Shehadbetternottellliesanymore.她最好再也別撒謊了。hadbetter的疑問(wèn)句是把had提前。如：Thedoctorhadbetterseehim.Hadthedoctorbetterseehim?反義疑問(wèn)句形式Hehadbetterhavehadfewerexercises,hadn'the?【注意】hadbetter用于提出建議或請(qǐng)求時(shí)，并不是一個(gè)很客氣委婉的表達(dá)，它暗示對(duì)方有義務(wù)去做某事，因此通常用于長(zhǎng)輩對(duì)晚輩或上級(jí)對(duì)下級(jí)等，而不宜反過(guò)來(lái)用。【小試牛刀】①Youhadbetter_______winebecauseyouhavetodrivebackhome．A．notdrink B．don’tdrink C．nottodrink D．notdrinkingWhat’sDIYexactly?Itstandsfor“doityourself”.WhenyoudoDIY,youmake,repairordecoratethingsyourselfinsteadofpayingsomeonetodoit.(p.43)【重點(diǎn)單詞】exactlyadv.(informal)usedtoaskformoreinformationaboutsomethingWhereexactlydidyoustayinFrance?(disapproving)Exactlywhatareyoutryingtotellme?【拓展】exactlyadv.usedtoemphasizethatsomethingiscorrectineverywayorineverydetailIt'sexactlynineo'clock.Ithappenedalmostexactlyayearago.Youranswerisexactlyright.Itwasawarmday,ifnotexactlyhot.exactlyhow,what,why,etc…Iknowexactlyhowshefelt.It'simpossibletosayexactlywhathappened.exactlyas…DoexactlyasItellyou.Youhaven'tchangedatall—youstilllookexactlythesame.Hiswordshadexactlytheoppositeeffect.【小試牛刀】①Theletters“USA”s______for“UnitedStatesofAmerica”．②ThisSundayIwillreadanovelinsteadof_______(go)tothecinema．③你應(yīng)該修這臺(tái)收音機(jī)而不是花錢(qián)買(mǎi)一個(gè)新的.Youshouldrepairthisradioinsteadofbuyinganewone．U4ReadingButwhenhefinishes,thehousealwayslooksterrible.(p.44)【必會(huì)表達(dá)方式】finishdoingsth.做完，完成……【小試牛刀】①Whendidyoufinish______(decorate)yournewhouse? Lastmonth. ②Thelittlegirlhadat_______dreamlastnightandshekeptcrying．Heoncetriedtoputinabrighterlightinhisbedroom,buthemadeamistake.Thenhiswholehousehadapowercut.(p.44)【詞組歸納】puton 穿上；上演putin 安裝；接通putup 舉起；搭建；張貼putaway 收好；放好putout 撲滅，熄滅puttogether 放在一起；組合；裝配putoff 推遲；阻止putdown 寫(xiě)下，記錄；付（定金）；鎮(zhèn)壓（叛亂等）；貶低【小試牛刀】①Jackson______(曾經(jīng))livedinasmallvillage,butnowhelivesinBeijingwithhisfamily．②—Whatdoyouwantthescrewdriverfor?—I’dliketo________ashowerinmybathroom．A．putin B．puton C．putdown D．putupAnothertime,hewantedtoputupapictureonhisbedroomwall,buthehitapipeandfilledtheroomwithwater.(p.44)【不定代詞用法辨析】不定代詞意義與用法備注other“另一個(gè)”，作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)或定語(yǔ)，不獨(dú)立使用，通常修飾可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)。theother/others表示特指，theothers表示全部其余的人或物。不加the時(shí)表示泛指。常用結(jié)構(gòu)：One...theother....一個(gè)……另一個(gè)……others可獨(dú)立使用，無(wú)范圍限定。another“（兩者以上）又一；另一”，只能代替或修飾單數(shù)名詞，作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)或定語(yǔ)，前面不加冠詞。Don’tloseheart.Haveanothertry.oneafteranother“一個(gè)接一個(gè)地，相繼地，依次地”，在句中主語(yǔ)作狀語(yǔ)。Planestookoffoneafteranother.another后可接few或帶數(shù)字的復(fù)數(shù)名詞。Justthinkwhatourcountrywillbelikeinanotherfewyears.You’dbetterstayinbedforanothertwoweeks.不可數(shù)名詞前有pieceof等量詞單詞時(shí)，也可以與another連用?！咀ⅰ咳粽Z(yǔ)意需要，它們可以用于所有格。Thosetwoarealwayscopyingeachother's(oneanother's)homework. 那兩個(gè)人總是互相抄襲作業(yè)?！拘≡嚺５丁竣賂hecoatdoesn'tfitme.Willyoupleaseshowme_______one?A.theother Btheanother C．a(chǎn)nother D．other②Theyknow_______parents.A.theother B.eachother C.oneanother D.eachother's【小試牛刀】①你見(jiàn)到過(guò)他多少次了？_______________________________________________________________②Hecametoourcitytwice.（對(duì)劃線部分提問(wèn)）____________________________heetoyourcity?【基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)】hit過(guò)去式_______過(guò)去分詞_______現(xiàn)在分詞_______put過(guò)去式_______過(guò)去分詞_______現(xiàn)在分詞_______【小試牛刀】①—WeareplanningaYangtzeRiverProtectionDaythisweekend．Doyouhaveanyadvice?—You’dbetter_______signsaroundtheschooltotellallthestudentsaboutthat．A．makeup B．putup C．setup D．showup②我的母親給我包里塞滿了零食和水果.Mymotherfilledmybagwithsnacksandfruit．③Yourfascinatingspeechis______(充滿的)withpositiveenergy．WhenIwantedashelfabovemybed,hesaid,“No,problem!”Hethenspentfivehoursputtinguptheshelfonthewall.ThenIputmybooksontheshelf.(p.44)【介詞】【拓展·表示花費(fèi)】易混詞用法例句coststh.cost(sb.)somemoneyThissmartphonecostme＄4,000.spendsb.spend+time/moneyonsth.sb.spend+time/money(in)doingsth.Ispent＄4,000onthesmartphone.Ispent＄4,000inbuyingthesmartphone.paysb.pay(money)forsth.Ipaid＄4,000forthesmartphone.takeIttakessb.sometimetodosth.Ittookme25minutestogettoschool.Theycouldn’tstaytherebecauseoneendoftheshelfwasmuchhigherthantheother!(p.44)【必會(huì)詞組】one...theother... （兩者中）一個(gè)……，另一個(gè)……【小試牛刀】①—Excuseme,canyoutellmewherethebookshopis?—Walkalongthestreet．Itisat______endofthestreet．A．a(chǎn)nother B．theother C．other D．others②他有兩個(gè)女兒.一個(gè)住在上海,另一個(gè)住在紐約.Hehastwodaughters．OnelivesinShanghaiandtheotherlivesinNewYork．

③Iboughtanewlightandtheroomwasmuch_______(bright)．④Nowmiddleschoolstudentshave_______subjectstostudythanbefore．A．muchmore B．moremuch C．manymore D．moremanyIboughtsomebooksaboutDIYforhimandIalsoadvisedhimtotakeacourseinDIY.Butthisjustmakehimangryhesayshealreadyknowseverythingaboutit.(p.44)【拓展·易混詞辨析】單詞詞性詞義用法例句advice（不可數(shù)）名詞建議；勸告give(sb.)adviceCanyougivemesomeadvice?suggestion（可數(shù)）名詞建議makesuggestions(for)CanImakeasuggestion?Iwouldliketoofferasuggestion.advise動(dòng)詞建議；勸告advisesb.(not)todosth.I'dadviseyounottotellhim.【小試牛刀】①M(fèi)ycousinSuzyadvisedme_______(notspend)toomuchonputergames．②我的老師經(jīng)常建議我和父母談?wù)勎业膶W(xué)校生活.Myteacheroftenadvisesmetotalkwithmyparentsaboutmyschoollife．③WhenDennyarrivedatthestation,hefounditwastoolate．Thetrainhad______left．A．a(chǎn)lmost B．a(chǎn)lready C．seldom D．neverSoinstead,IamreadingallthebooksmyselfandattendinglessonseverySaturday.NowIknowmuchmoreaboutDIYthanmycousin!(p.44)【用法辨析】instead意為“代替”“替代”，副詞，需要在一定的上下文中使用，通常位于句尾。如位于句首時(shí)，常用逗號(hào)與后面隔開(kāi)。instead在順接句子中作“代替”講，而在轉(zhuǎn)折（或逆轉(zhuǎn)）句子中作“然而”講。不能位于祈使句的前面。【例句】Lilyisn'there.AskLucyinstead.Shedidn'tanswerme,instead,sheaskedmeanotherquestion.insteadof是介賓短語(yǔ)，其意與instead相同，不同之處在于它后面常接賓語(yǔ)，其賓語(yǔ)多由名詞、代詞、ving，介詞短語(yǔ)等充當(dāng)?！纠洹縒e'llaskLiMeiinstead