初中英語新概念第二冊情態(tài)動詞講解課件

ModalVerbs情態(tài)動詞Couldyousingasongforus?Hecansingverywell.Wemustwearschooluniformseveryday.MissYimightbenervous.Youshouldrelaxyourself.表請求表能力表必須表推測提建議情態(tài)動詞shallcouldmustmaymightneedshouldcandarewillwouldAspecialruleoftoday’sclassWearegoingtohaveacompetition.Ifyourgroupcananswermyquestioncorrectly,youcangetonesticker.Thegroupthatgetsthemoststickersisthewinner,andcanaskmeapersonalquestionafterclass.IfyouwanttobepickedbyMissYitoanswerthequestions,youwillhavetoactveryfast.Canyoufindthemistakesinthesentences?Shecanplaysthepiano.Mr.Licouldisathome.Dowecanplaybasketballafterschool?Theydon’tcanspeakJapanese.情態(tài)動詞后必須使用動詞原型。變一般疑問句和否定句直接在情態(tài)動詞上做變化。beCancan’t表示能力can用于一般現(xiàn)在時could用于一般過去時beableto:用于各種時態(tài)非情態(tài)動詞MindMap1Activity1:Canyoutellmesomethingyoucando?Activity2:Asurveyinyourgroup

Whatcouldyoudoattheageof4?

Talkinyourgroupandfindoutwhatyourgroupmemberswereabletodoattheageof4.Reportthesurveyresult.MindMap2表示禮貌地請求和允許一般用于一般疑問句cancouldwouldPairwork:MaketwoconversationsMakeaconversationtoaskyourdeskmatetodosomethingforyou.（編一個簡單的對話來請你的同桌幫你做一件事）Forexample:Youwanthim/hertoteachyousomething.Makeanotherconversationtoaskyourdeskmateforpermission.（編一個對話來尋求你的同桌的允許）Forexample:Youwanttousehis/hereraser.表示建議shall用于第一人稱should用于各種人稱hadbetter（not）最好（不）Whynot…?Let’s…How/Whatabout…?非情態(tài)動詞MindMap3Activity4:Groupwork

SentenceTrainS1:Ihaveaheadache.WhatshouldIdo?S2:You’dbetterliedownandhavearest.Iamnervous.WhatshouldIdo?S3:Whynottakeadeepbreathandhavearest.Idon’tbringmyhomeworktoschool.WhatshouldIdo?S4:Youshouldtalktoyourteacheraboutit.Ican’tgetupearly.WhatshouldIdo?S1:…..S2:…..Summary情態(tài)動詞后面必須用動詞原型。情態(tài)動詞做句型變化時只需對情態(tài)動詞做相應的變化。情態(tài)動詞可以表示能力、請求、允許、猜測、建議、必須、需要等涵義，并且都有各自的用法。學會使用思維導圖來使得知識條理會，系統(tǒng)化，最重要的是你的思維要條理化。情態(tài)助動詞值得注意的兩個語法特征e.g.CanIgonow?（現(xiàn)在的請求——直接）

CouldIgonow?（現(xiàn)在的請求——更婉轉(zhuǎn)，更禮貌）情態(tài)助動詞的過去式多半不表過去，大多用來表示委婉口氣。1could，might，would，should通常不用作can，may，will，shall的過去式（但在間接引語中會有這種用法）。提示e.g.Icanplaythepiano.（能力）

CanIaskaquestion?（請求許可）Thestorycan’tbetrue.（不可能）情態(tài)助動詞大多一詞多義。2兩類情態(tài)意義can/could/may/might：“可能”will/would：“推測”should/oughtto/must：“必然”表示“推測”、“可能”、“必然”等推測性意義1“可能”、“必然”和“預測”等推測性意義涉及人對于事情發(fā)生的可能性所作的主觀判斷。提示can/could：“能力”、“許可”may/might：“許可”will/would/shall：“意愿”、“意圖”should/oughtto/must：“義務(wù)”表示“能力”、“許可”、“意愿”、“意圖”、“義務(wù)”等非推測性意義2“能力”、“意圖”、“義務(wù)”等非推測性意義涉及人對事件的某種內(nèi)在的控制。提示表示“能力”：can，could，beableto肯定句：could（一般能力），was/wereableto（“具體”能力）e.g.Shecouldplaythepianowhenshewasonlysix.（“彈鋼琴”是過去的一般能力）Hewasabletotranslatethearticlewithoutadictionary.（“翻譯那篇文章”是過去具體做一樁事的能力）過去的能力：could，was/wereableto1succeededindoing和managedtodo與was/wereabletodo意義相同。提示e.g.I’llbeabletospeakGermaninanothertwomonths.IfIcan,Iwilldoit.將來的能力：willbeableto（更典型），can2can表將來的能力，一般不與表將來的時間狀語連用。提示表示“可能”：may，might，can，coulde.g.Whocanthatbeatthedoor?Canitreallybetrue?在疑問句中談?wù)摽赡苄?，通常用can，不用may。1e.g.Themooncannotalwaysbeatthefull.Smokingcandamageyourhealth.（理論上的可能性）Lightningcanbedangerous.（有時會發(fā)生的情況）can表可能性時多用于疑問句、否定句，用于肯定句僅指邏輯上或理論上的可能性。2e.g.Idon’tknowwheretheletteris.Imay/mighthavethrown

itaway.Theflightcouldhavebeendelayed.Shecan’t/couldhavemissedthetrain.過去的可能：may/might/could/can+不定式的完成體3might，could并非表過去，只是使語氣更婉轉(zhuǎn)，過去時間通過完成體形式體現(xiàn)。“can+不定式的完成體”只能用于否定句和疑問句中。提示1提示2e.g.Youmighthavekilledyourself.（不用mayhavekilled）Icouldhavepassedtheexamination,butIfailed.

（不用canhavepassed）“本可能發(fā)生但沒有發(fā)生”：could/mighthavedone4該句型表示與過去事實相反的假設(shè)，所以要用could，might等過去式的形式。提示典型錯誤①*Heranafterthebus,andcouldcatchit.②*Youcouldpasstheexam,butyouweren’tcarefulenough.

①√Heranafterthebus,andwasabletocatchit.②√Youcouldhavepassedtheexam,butyouweren’tcarefulenough.備注表示“許可”：can，could，may，mightcan/could更常用；may/might更正式；could更婉轉(zhuǎn)，更禮貌，might極為客氣，很少用。e.g.Can/Could/May/MightIsmokeinhere?請求“許可”、“允諾”、“答應”：can，could，may，might1在表示“請求許可”等意義時，could，might都不是過去時態(tài)，can，could，may，might不存在時間的差異，這里都指將來。提示—CouldIuseyourphone?—Yes,ofcourseyoucan.—MightItroubleyouforalight?—Youmayindeed.給予“許可”：can，may（較正式）2答句中不用could，might，給予“許可”不需要遲疑。提示e.g.IcanstayupaslateasIlike.Myparentsdon’tmind.

（也可用amallowedto，通常不用may）YearsagovisitorstoStonehengecould/wereallowedto

gorightuptothestones.（過去的一般許可）

Thefivestudentswereallowedtogorightuptothestones.（過去特定的許可）談?wù)撘话阍S可：can，could，beallowedto3could不用于表述過去得到許可的特定行為。提示表示“不許”cannot/can’t：非正式語體，最常用maynot：有時用于正式書面規(guī)定e.g.—CanIgooutforamoment?—No,youcan’t.Visitorsmaynotfeedtheanimals.不同語體的“不許”：cannot/can’t，maynot1通常不用couldnot和mightnot表過去“不許可”。提示e.g.Hewasnotallowedtogo.Ididn’tpermithimtogo.過去的“不許”：was/werenotallowedto；didnotallow/permit2表示“義務(wù)”：should，oughtto，muste.g.Alldriversmusthaveadequateinsurance:it’sthelaw.

Youshouldinsureyourcomputeragainstaccidental

damage—it’ssensible.Yououghttoinsureyourcomputer.語氣上：must口氣最強；should比oughtto更肯定些，主觀信心更強些。1must常用于給出命令要求，should/oughtto常用于提出建議，oughtto不如should常用。提示該結(jié)構(gòu)大多用于表述過去的“非真實”情況，常含有責備的語氣。提示e.g.Youshouldhavebeenhereanhourago.(Butyouweren’t.)Aliceoughtn’ttohaveboughtthatcar.(Butshedid.)should/oughtto+不定式完成體：“過去應該做而沒有做”或“本不該做而做了”2e.g.Ihadtoleaveatsixyesterday.We’llhavetodoitagain.過去的“必須”：hadto將來的“必須”：will/shallhaveto3mustnot/mustn’t：“不許”、“禁止”，比can’t語氣更強，相當于benotto。neednot/needn’t：“不必”，相當于don’thaveto，don’tneedto，haven’tgotto。e.g.Youmustn’ttellMargaret—Idon’twanthertoknow.Youneedn’ttellJennifer—shealreadyknows.

must的兩個否定式：mustnot/mustn’t

和neednot/needn’t4表示“必然”：should，oughtto，muste.g.MaryBlakemustbehomebynow.

MaryBlakeoughttobehomebynow.

MaryBlakeshouldbehomebynow.口氣肯定程度：must>oughtto>should1e.g.Shecan’tbeathome:hercar’sgoneandthereareno

lightson.must表推測的否定式：cannot/can’t，不是mustn’t2mustn’t表示“不許”、“禁止”，屬于非推測性意義。提示e.g.Hereyesarered.Shemusthavebeencrying.

Shereasonedthatshemusthaveleftherbagonthetrain.

Hecan’thavebeentoyourhome.Hedoesn’tknowyour

address.對過去事態(tài)的肯定性推測：must+不定式的完成體其否定式：can’t+不定式的完成體

3musthavedone的否定式不是mustn’thavedone，而是can’thavedone。提示典型錯誤*Thatmustn’tbeMary—she’sinNewYork.

√Thatcan’tbeMary—she’sinNewYork.備注表示“推測”：（should，oughtto，must）will，woulde.g.Theymustbehomebynow.（一定）

Theywillbehomebynow.（想必一定）

Theywouldbehomebynow.（大概）

Theyshould/oughttobehomebynow.（應該）口氣肯定程度梯度：must>will>would>oughtto>should1（1）對特定事態(tài)的推測：will，woulde.g.A:Who’sthatmanoverthere?

B:ThatwillbeGeorge,nodoubt.（一定）

B:ThatwouldbeGeorge,Iexpect.（大概）will/would表“推測”的三種情況2would仍指現(xiàn)在時間，只是口氣不夠肯定。提示（2）對某些習慣性事態(tài)的推測：will（現(xiàn)在習慣），would（過去習慣）e.g.Shewilllistentorecords,aloneinherroom,forhours.

Shewouldspendhoursinthebathroomoronthetelephone.

（3）對某些不受時限的客觀過程的推測：will（相當于一般現(xiàn)在時）e.g.Oilwillfloatonwater.=Oilfloatsonwater.表示“意愿”：will，would，shalle.g.Iwill/I’lllendyouthemoneyifyouneedit.

WillAliceaccepttheinvitation?will：用于一切人稱，相當于bewillingto1e.g.Willyoukindlyhelpmewiththeluggage?

Wouldyoubegoodenoughtosendmesomebooks?客氣的請求：Willyouplease/kindly…?/Wouldyou…?2接受請求時，要用will，不用would。提示e.g.Iaskedhimifhewouldhelpmewithmywriting.（間接引語中）

WhenIwasatcollege,Iwouldn’treadanybookssolely

forpleasure.（過去時間語境中）過去的“意愿”：would3e.g.Youshallstaywithusaslongasyoulike.=I’mwillingtoletyoustaywithusaslongasyoulike.Shallmydaughterdotheshoppingforyou?

=Areyouwillingtoletmydaughterdotheshoppingforyou?shall表“意愿”：用于第二、三人稱肯定句：說話人的“意愿”疑問句：征詢聽話人的“意愿”4表示“意圖”：will，would，shalle.g.I’llgetsomedrinks.What’llyouhave?will：用于一切人稱，相當于bego