高考英語(yǔ)一輪復(fù)習(xí)練習(xí)：選修8 Unit 22 Environmental Word版含解析

Ⅰ.閱讀理解(建議用時(shí)15′)A[2016·天水二中質(zhì)檢]IpaidavisittoCambridgelastJanuary.Thoughthetriptookme5hoursanditrainedthewholedaywithstrongwindsthere,thetowndeservedeq\a\vs4\al(W1)avisit.Thebusstartedat6：10a．m.Itstoppedat4airportsbeforewefinallyarrived,whichwastedmoretimethanweexpected.Tiredwithlongsitting,onepassengerstooduptorelaxhisnumbedlegs.Thedriveraskedhimtositdownbutinvain.Sohepulledupandsaidseriously,“Eitheryougetofforsitdown.”Tohim,safetyisthefirstpolicyeq\a\vs4\al(W2).Cambridgeconsistsofeq\a\vs4\al(P1)nearlythirtycolleges.Theoldestpartoftheuniversitywasbuiltinthe13thcenturywhilethenewestwasfoundedinthemid1960s.eq\a\vs4\al(S)Thenumberofthestudentsissogreatthatmanystudentsliveinlodgings(出租房)andmoveintocollegefortheirfinalyear.Cambridgeiscalledauniversitytownbecausethereisnoclearseparationeq\a\vs4\al(W3)betweentheuniversitybuildingsandtherestofthecity.Theuniversityisnotjustonepartofthetown;itisalloverthetown.TheheartofCambridgehasshops,pubs,andsupermarkets,butmostofitisuniversity-colleges,departments,libraries,clubsandotherplacesforuniversitystaffandstudents.Studentsfilltheshops,cafes,banksandchurches,makingtheseaswellpartoftheuniversity.Withover10,000undergraduatesandpostgraduates,thetownisabusyplaceindeed.Studentsherearenotallowedeq\a\vs4\al(W4)tokeepcars.Ifyouhappentobewalkinginthestreetduringabreak,betterstopamomenttoavoideq\a\vs4\al(W5)theboilingseaofbicycleshurryinginalldirectionseq\a\vs4\al(P2)，carryingstudentsfromonecollegeorlectureroomtoanother.本文講述的是作者在雨中參觀劍橋大學(xué)城的經(jīng)歷，向讀者介紹了劍橋大學(xué)的相關(guān)情況。1．Thewriterbelievedthatthetriptookmoretimebecauseof________.A．badweather B．unexpectedstopsofthebusC．onepassenger D．a(chǎn)naccidentontheway答案：B細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段“Thebusstartedat6：10a．m.Itstoppedat4airportsbeforewefinallyarrived,whichwastedmoretimethanweexpected.”可知。2．WhyisCambridgecalledauniversitytown?A．Ithas10,000undergraduatesandpostgraduates.B．Therearenearlythirtycollegesinthetown.C．Allthestudentsandstaffliveinthetown.D．Theuniversityandtownarefullycombined.答案：D細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第四段“Cambridgeiscalledauniversitytownbecausethereisnoclearseparationbetweentheuniversitybuildingsandtherestofthecity.”可知。3．ItcanbeinferredthatmostCambridgestudentstake________astheirfirstmeansoftransport.A．boats B．carsC．bicycles D．buses答案：C推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“Ifyouhappentobewalkinginthestreetduringabreak,betterstopamomenttoavoidtheboilingseaofbicycles...”可知。eq\a\vs4\al(W重點(diǎn)詞匯)1．deservev.值得；應(yīng)受2.policyn.政策3．separationn.分離4.allowvt.允許5．a(chǎn)voidvt.避開(kāi)，躲避eq\a\vs4\al(P重點(diǎn)短語(yǔ))1．consistof由……構(gòu)成2.inalldirections四面八方eq\a\vs4\al(S句式仿寫(xiě))原文：Theoldestpartoftheuniversitywasbuiltinthe13thcenturywhilethenewestwasfoundedinthemid1960s.(while用法)譯文：大學(xué)最古老部分建于13世紀(jì)，而最新的部分建成于20世紀(jì)60年代中期。仿寫(xiě)：Thesonwashavingagoodmealathome,whiletheparentswereworkinginthefields.兒子在家吃著美食，而父母卻在田間辛苦勞作。B[2016·衡水中學(xué)四調(diào)]Shynessisthecauseofmuchunhappinessforagreatmanyeq\a\vs4\al(P1)people.Shypeopleareanxiouseq\a\vs4\al(W1)andself－conscious;thatis,theyareconcernedwiththeirownappearanceandactionstoomuch.Negativethoughtsareconstantlyeq\a\vs4\al(W2)occurringintheirminds:WhatkindofimpressionamImaking?Dotheylikeme?DoIsoundstupid?AmIwearingunattractiveclothes?Itisobviousthatsuchuncomfortablefeelingsmustaffectpeopleunfavorably.Aperson'sself－conceptisreflectedinthewayheorshebehavesandthewayapersonbehavesaffectsotherpeople'sreactions.Ingeneral,thewaypeoplethinkaboutthemselveshasadeepeffectonallareasoftheirlives.Shypeople,whohavelowrespect,arelikelytobepassiveandeasilyinfluencedeq\a\vs4\al(W3)byothers.Theyneedfaiththattheyaredoing“therightthing”.Shypeopleareverysensitivetocriticism.Itmakesthemfeelinferior(自卑).Theyalsofinditdifficulttobepleasedbypraisesbecausetheybelievetheyareunworthyofpraise.Ashypersonmayrespondtoapraisewithastatementlikethisone:“You'rejustsayingthattomakemefeelgood;Iknowit'snottrue.”Itisclearthat,whileself－awarenessisahealthyquality,overdoingitisharmful.Canshynessbecompletelygotridofeq\a\vs4\al(P2)，oratleastreduced?Fortunatelyeq\a\vs4\al(W4)，peoplecanovercomeshynesswithdeterminationsinceshynessgoeshandinhandwithlackofselfrespect.Itisimportantforpeopletoaccepttheirweaknessaswellastheirstrengths.Eachoneofushashisorherowncharacteristicseq\a\vs4\al(W5).Weareinterestedinourownpersonalways.Thebetterweunderstandourselves,theeasieritbecomestoliveuptoourchancesforarichandsuccessfullife.eq\a\vs4\al(S)本文分析了害羞的影響以及如何擺脫害羞的一些方法。4．Thefirstparagraphismainlyabout________.A．thecauseofshynessB．theeffectofshynessonpeopleC．thefeelingsofshypeopleD．thequestionsinthemindsofshypeople答案：B主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段“Shynessisthecauseofmuchunhappiness...Shypeopleareanxiousandself－conscious...”可推斷。5．Accordingtothewriter,self－awarenessis________.A．harmfultopeopleB．a(chǎn)weakpointofshypeopleC．thecauseofunhappinessD．a(chǎn)goodcharacteristic答案：D推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段“Itisclearthat,whileself－awarenessisahealthyquality,overdoingitisharmful.”可知。6．Whatistheshypeople'sreactiontopraise?A．Theyarepleasedbyit.B．Theyfeelitisnottrue.C．Theyareverysensitivetoit.D．Theyfeeltheyareworthyofit.答案：B細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段“...Theyalsofinditdifficulttobepleasedbypraisesbecausetheybelievetheyareunworthyofpraise.”可知。7．Wecanlearnfromthepassagethatshynesscan________.A．blockourchancesforasuccessfullifeB．helpustoliveuptoourfulldevelopmentC．enableustounderstandourselvesbetterD．havenothingtodowithlackofself－respect答案：A推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“Thebetterweunderstandourselves,theeasieritbecomestoliveuptoourchancesforarichandsuccessfullife.”可知。eq\a\vs4\al(W重點(diǎn)詞匯)1．a(chǎn)nxiousadj.焦急的；渴望的2．constantlyadv.連續(xù)不斷地；經(jīng)常的3．influencevt./n.影響4.fortunatelyadv.幸運(yùn)地5．characteristicn．/adj.典型的；特征eq\a\vs4\al(P重點(diǎn)短語(yǔ))1．a(chǎn)greatmany許多的；大量的(修飾可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù))2．getridof除掉；擺脫掉eq\a\vs4\al(S句式仿寫(xiě))原文：Thebetterweunderstandourselves,theeasieritbecomestoliveuptoourchancesforarichandsuccessfullife.(the＋比較級(jí)，the＋比較級(jí))譯文：我們?cè)搅私庾约海驮饺菀鬃プC(jī)會(huì)過(guò)上富有而又成功的生活。仿寫(xiě)：The_more_Englishyoupractise,the_betteryourEnglishis.你練習(xí)英語(yǔ)越多，你的英語(yǔ)就越好。Ⅱ.七選五(建議用時(shí)7′)根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。WaystoGetOverOurselvesWetakeourselvestooseriously.Apersoncutsusoffonthewaytowork,anditruinsourwholeday.Wegetupsetwithourpartnersfornottakingoutthetrash,orletourlazyco－workergetunderourskin.__1__Apersonstartstolivewhentheycanliveoutsidethemselves.Herearesomewaystogetoverourselves.Weneedtotellourselvestogetoverourselves.Weneedtoremindourselvesthatit'snotaboutus.SoIsuggestyoutellyourself,outloudandinthemirror,togetoveryourself—overandover.Putapost－itnoteonyourcomputeratworkorleaveareminderonyourphone.Justremember,it'snotaboutyou.__2__Weneedtoallowourselvestomakemistakes.Weareonlyhumans,andwewillalwaysmakemistakes.Byallowingourselvestomakemistakesandbyknowingit'sunavoidable,we'llmakeitaloteasieronourselvestodoso.__3__Wecantellsomeonewelovethem.Loveisallyouneed.Whenwestopmakingitaboutusandtellsomeonewelovethem,ithelpscalmusdownandgetbackintouchwithwhatmattersmost.__4__Thefasterwegetoverourselves,thefasterwecanspreadlovewiththeworldaroundus.__5__It'salmostimpossibletobeinabadmoodwhenlaughing.Fakeituntilyoumakeit.Justturnthatfrownupsidedownandmakeitahappyface.Laughterandplayissoimportanttoouremotionalwell－being.A．Thatisthecrazythingwecalllove.B．Weshouldfocusonwhatweget.C．Weshouldalljustlaugh,outloud.D．Thereisnofailure,onlysucceedingandlearning.E．Themorewecanrememberthat,theeasierlifeis.F．Butrememberwecan'tchangeanyonebutourselves.G．Whenwefocusonthegoodstuff,that'swhatwe'llsee.本文是一篇說(shuō)明文，從四個(gè)方面介紹了如何超越自我。1．F根據(jù)后文“Apersonstartstolivewhentheycanliveoutsidethemselves.Herearesomewaystogetoverourselves.”可知，其前一定要介紹我們除了自己不能改變?nèi)魏稳恕?．E根據(jù)上文“Justremember,it'snotaboutyou.”可知，此處承接上文，介紹我們?cè)侥苡涀∵@個(gè)，生活就越容易。3．D此處總結(jié)上文：沒(méi)有失敗，只有成功和學(xué)習(xí)。4．A該段的主旨為：“Wecantellsomeonewelovethem.”即，我們可以告訴某些人我們愛(ài)他們。上文說(shuō)當(dāng)我們告訴某些人我們愛(ài)他們時(shí)，這有助于我們冷靜下來(lái)，再次意識(shí)到什么是最重要的。此處總結(jié)：我們把這種瘋狂的東西叫做愛(ài)。5．C根據(jù)下文當(dāng)你笑的時(shí)候你不可能有個(gè)壞心情。所謂演久成真。把皺眉翻了個(gè)底朝天，露出快樂(lè)的臉。歡笑和玩耍對(duì)我們的情感幸福非常重要。由此可知該段的主旨為：我們只需要大聲笑。Ⅲ.語(yǔ)法填空(建議用時(shí)8′)閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入適當(dāng)?shù)膬?nèi)容(1個(gè)單詞)或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。[2016·長(zhǎng)春質(zhì)檢]ObserverssayAmericanswantmorechoicesandfreshfoodwhen__1__(choose)whereandwhattoeat.ThistrendisonereasonwhythefastfoodrestaurantMcDonalDshasstruggledfinancially.McDonalDsisoneofthebest－known__2__(restaurant)intheUSandevenaroundtheworld,__3__thesedaysthecompanyleadersareseeingnumberstheyprobablydonotlike.Inthelastquarterof2014,McDonalDsincomedroppedbyabout$300million.TheJanuaryearningsreportbroughtmorebadnews.Worldwidesalesdroppedforthe__4__(eight)monthinarowandevenmorethanexpected.McDonald__5__(work)hardtogettheircustomersback.InJanuary,thecompanyrananadvertisementduringtheSuperBowl.ThefootballgameisthemostwatchedTVeventeveryyearintheUS.McDonalDshaswanted__6__(reach)thoseviewers.ShakeShackis__7__newkindofrestaurantbecomingpopularintheUS.Therestaurantsarenot“fastfood.”Theyareknownas“fastcasual.”__8__McDonalDsisstrugglingtogettheircustomersback,ShakeShackisdoingwellfinancially.TheNewYork－basedburgerchainhadavery__9__(success)IPO,orinitialpublicoffering,ofsharesattheendofJanuary.__10__itsfirstdayoftrading,ShakeShackwentfrom$21asharetojustunder$46ashare.ShakeShack'saqualityhamburger.It'sfastfood,butnot“fastfood”food.Beingpartofthe“fastcasual”trendhashelpedShakeShack.1．________2.________3.________4.________5．________6.________7.________8.________9．________10.________本文分析了麥當(dāng)勞在美國(guó)經(jīng)營(yíng)不景氣的原因以及ShakeShack這樣的“快餐店”受歡迎的原因。1．choosing考查省略句?！斑B詞＋非謂語(yǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)”，choose與句子主語(yǔ)Americans之間為主動(dòng)關(guān)系，故填choosing。2．restaurants考查名詞。oneof＋名詞復(fù)數(shù)。3．but考查連詞。前后兩句之間為轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系?！氨M管麥當(dāng)勞是美國(guó)最知名的餐館，但最近領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人看到了他們不喜歡的數(shù)字”。4．eighth考查數(shù)詞。空前為定冠詞，空后為名詞，故此處填序數(shù)詞。5．isworking考查動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)。根據(jù)上文介紹麥當(dāng)勞的境況可知，當(dāng)前麥當(dāng)勞正在努力使顧客回來(lái)。6．toreach考查want的用法。want后應(yīng)為“todo”結(jié)構(gòu)。7．a(chǎn)考查冠詞。ShakeShack為首次出現(xiàn)，故此處表示“一種新型的餐館”。8．As/When/While考查狀語(yǔ)從句。結(jié)合語(yǔ)義可知，此處表示時(shí)間。9．successful考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)換?？涨坝懈痹~，空后為名詞，故該空填形容詞。10．On考查介詞。on＋具體一天。Ⅳ.書(shū)面表達(dá)(建議用時(shí)20′)[2016·東北三省四市聯(lián)考]下面的柱狀圖(barchart)顯示了你校上周針對(duì)“偶像崇拜類別”的調(diào)查結(jié)果。請(qǐng)你用英語(yǔ)給21stCentury報(bào)社的編輯寫(xiě)一封信，報(bào)道你校的調(diào)查結(jié)果，并對(duì)此結(jié)果發(fā)表你的看法。注意：1.詞數(shù)100左右；2．開(kāi)頭和結(jié)尾已為你寫(xiě)好；3．相關(guān)詞匯：偶像i