AModestProposal一個(gè)溫和的建議雙語(yǔ)閱讀

-.z.AModestProposal〔一個(gè)溫和的建議〕[1]ItisamelancholyObjecttothose,whowalkthroughthisgreatTown,

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ortravelintheCountry,whentheyseetheStreets,theRoads,andCabin-Doors,crowdedwithBeggarsofthefemaleSe*,followedbythree,four,orsi*Children,allinRags,andimportuningeveryPassengerforanAlms.對(duì)于走過這座大城市，或在鄉(xiāng)間旅行的人，他們看到的這些景象真是悲涼：街上、馬路上、茅屋擠滿了女乞丐，后面跟著三個(gè)、四個(gè)或六個(gè)衣衫襤褸的孩子，向每個(gè)路人強(qiáng)要施舍。TheseMothersinsteadofbeingabletoworkfortheirhonestlivelihood,areforcedtoemployalltheirtimeinStrolling,tobegSustenancefortheirhelplessInfants,who,astheygrowupeitherturnThievesforwantofwork,orleavetheirdearnativeCountrytofightforthePretenderinSpain,

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orsellthemselvestotheBarbadoes.這些母親無(wú)法靠老實(shí)勞動(dòng)謀生，被迫終日游蕩去養(yǎng)活那些無(wú)助的孩子，這些孩子長(zhǎng)大后要么因找不到工作而淪為小偷，要么背井離鄉(xiāng)去為西班牙那個(gè)覬覦王位者賣命，也許還會(huì)賣身到巴巴多斯。[2]IthinkitisagreedbyallParties,thatthisprodigiousnumberofChildren,intheArms,orontheBacks,orattheheelsoftheirMothers,andfrequentlyoftheirFathers,isinthepresentdeplorablestateoftheKingdomaverygreatadditionalgrievance;我想所有的黨派人士〔各方面〕都會(huì)同意，這些母親〔有時(shí)常常是父親〕懷中抱著、背上背著以及身后跟著的數(shù)量如此多的孩子，在王國(guó)可悲的現(xiàn)狀下，將是一個(gè)平添民怨的災(zāi)難。andthereforewhoevercouldfindoutafair,cheapandeasymethodofmakingtheseChildrensoundandusefulMembersofthemon-wealthwoulddeservesowellofthepublic,astohavehisStatuesetupforapreserveroftheNation.如果誰(shuí)能想出一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單易行的方法讓這些孩子成為國(guó)家的健全有用之才，他將值得公眾為他樹立雕像，尊他為保國(guó)英雄。[3]ButmyIntentionisveryfarfrombeingconfinedtoprovideonlyfortheChildrenofprofessedbeggars,itisofamuchgreatere*tent,andshalltakeinthewholenumberofInfantsatacertainAge,whoarebornofParentsineffectaslittleabletosupportthem,asthosewhodemandourCharityintheStreets.然而我的目的遠(yuǎn)不止限于救治那些公開宣稱的乞丐的孩子，我所說的圍要大得多，包括所有那些在*個(gè)年代出生，其父母與那些在街上要求我們大發(fā)慈悲的乞丐一樣，無(wú)力養(yǎng)活他們的幼兒。[4]Astomyownpart,havingturnedmythoughtsformanyYears,uponthisimportantSubject,andmaturelyweighedtheseveralSchemesofotherProjectors,

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Ihavealwaysfoundthemgrosslymistakenintheirputation..至于我自己，我醞釀這個(gè)想法已有多年，也曾和其他提出方案的人充分地權(quán)衡過幾個(gè)方案，但總是發(fā)現(xiàn)他們?cè)谟?jì)算時(shí)犯了極大的錯(cuò)誤。ItistrueaChild,justdroptfromit'sDam,

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maybesupportedbyherMilk,foraSolaryearwithlittleotherNourishment,atmostnotabovetheValueoftwoShillings,whichtheMothermaycertainlyget,ortheValueinScraps,byherlawfulOccupationofbegging,anditise*actlyatoneyearOldthatIproposetoprovideforthem,insuchamanner,as,insteadofbeingaChargeupontheirParents,ortheParish,

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orwanting

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FoodandRaimentfortherestoftheirLives,theyshall,ontheContrary,contributetotheFeedingandpartlytotheClothingofmanyThousands.確實(shí)，一個(gè)初生的嬰兒在第一年里也許只需母乳而不用其他營(yíng)養(yǎng)品，費(fèi)用頂多不超過兩先令，或不超過乞討所得的殘羹剩飯的價(jià)值。這兩先令他們的母親通過合法的乞討肯定能掙到的。為了使他們不再成為父母或其所在教區(qū)的負(fù)擔(dān)，也無(wú)需在余生要吃要穿，我提議，在正好一歲的時(shí)候，他們反而應(yīng)該為成千上萬(wàn)的人的食物，局部也可以作為衣物。[5]ThereislikewiseanothergreatAdvantageinmyScheme,thatitwillpreventthosevoluntaryAbortions,andthathorridpracticeofWomenmurderingtheirBastardChildren,alas,toofrequentamongus,SacrificingthepoorinnocentBabes,Idoubt,

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moretoavoidtheE*pense,thantheShame,whichwouldmoveTearsandPityinthemostSavageandinhumanbreast.我的方案也有另外一個(gè)很大的好處,它能使婦女自愿墮胎和可怕的殺嬰行為就此絕跡。唉，這種現(xiàn)象在我們之中太普遍了，我疑心〔她們〕犧牲那些無(wú)辜的嬰兒與其說是為了逃避恥辱，不如說是為了逃避撫養(yǎng)的代價(jià)。即使是最無(wú)情最沒人性的人，對(duì)此也將一灑同情之淚。[6]ThenumberofSoulsinthisKingdombeingusuallyreckonedoneMillionandahalf,OftheseIcalculatetheremaybeabouttwohundredthousandCouplewhoseWivesarebreeders,fromwhichnumberISubtractthirtyThousandCouples,whoareabletomaintaintheirownChildren,althoughIapprehend

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therecannotbesomany,underthepresentdistressesoftheKingdom,butthisbeinggranted,therewillremainanhundredandseventythousandBreeders.這個(gè)王國(guó)的人口數(shù)量大概總計(jì)為一百五十萬(wàn)，在其中我估計(jì)有二十萬(wàn)對(duì)夫婦妻子尚能生育，從這個(gè)數(shù)目里我減去三千對(duì)有能力撫養(yǎng)孩子的夫婦——雖然我知道在王國(guó)現(xiàn)今十分窘迫，不可能有這么多——確定之后，就剩下十七萬(wàn)能夠生育的婦女。IagainSubtractfiftyThousandforthoseWomenwhomiscarry,orwhoseChildrendiebyaccidentordiseasewithintheYear.我再減去五萬(wàn)流產(chǎn)的或孩子在一年死于意外和疾病的婦女。ThereonlyremainanhundredandtwentythousandChildrenofpoorParentsannuallyborn.現(xiàn)在實(shí)際出生的貧困家庭孩子只余十二萬(wàn)。Thequestionthereforeis,Howthisnumbershallberearedandprovidedfor,which,asIhavealreadysaid,underthepresentSituationofAffairs,isutterlyimpossiblebyallthemethodshithertoproposed.所以問題是如何撫養(yǎng)這么多的孩子，這個(gè)我之前已經(jīng)說過，在目前的條件下，迄今所提的方案無(wú)一能解決。ForwecanneitheremploytheminHandicraft,orAgriculture;weneitherbuildHouses,(ImeanintheCountry)norcultivateLand.

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因?yàn)槲覀兗炔荒芄退麄儚氖率止I(yè)，也不可能雇他們從事農(nóng)業(yè)；我們不建造房屋〔我指的是在農(nóng)村〕，也不用開拓耕地。TheycanveryseldompickupaLivelyhoodbyStealinguntiltheyarriveatsi*yearsOld,e*ceptwheretheyareoftowardlyparts,

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although,IconfesstheylearntheRudimentsmuchearlier;duringwhichtimetheycanhoweverbeproperlylookedupononlyasProbationers,asIhavebeeninformedbyaprincipalGentlemanintheCountyofCavan,whoprotestedtome,thatheneverknewaboveoneortwoInstancesundertheAgeofsi*,eveninapartoftheKingdomsorenownedforthequickestproficiencyinthatArt.這些孩子在六歲之前幾乎不可能靠小偷小摸自討生計(jì)，除非在那些他們有望拉幫抱團(tuán)的地方。我成認(rèn)，他們很早前就開場(chǎng)入門，但在這段期間他們只能被看作見習(xí)小偷。我從卡文郡一個(gè)數(shù)一數(shù)二的縉紳那里得知此中情，他曾對(duì)我斷言，在這么一個(gè)因?qū)δ情T藝術(shù)掌握得最迅速最熟練而聞名的王國(guó)里，他從沒聽說過哪個(gè)地方有小于六歲的小偷的一兩個(gè)事例。[7]IamassuredbyourMerchants,thataBoyorGirl,beforetwelveyearsOld,isnosaleablemodity,andevenwhentheyetothisAge,theywillnotyieldabovethreePounds,orthreePoundsandhalfaCrownatmostontheE*change,whichcannotturntoAccounteithertotheParentsortheKingdom,theChargeofNutrimentsandRagshavingbeenatleastfourtimesthatValue.我從我們的商人那里得到確證，十二歲前的男孩或女孩作為商品并不適合銷售，即使他們到了十二歲，他們的利潤(rùn)也不會(huì)多于三鎊，最多通過交易獲利三鎊五先令，可這并不能補(bǔ)償他們的父母，也不能補(bǔ)償王國(guó)，他們吃過的營(yíng)養(yǎng)品和穿過的衣物的錢至少是這些的四倍。[8]Ishallnowthereforehumblyproposemyownthoughts,whichIhopewillnotbeliabletotheleastObjection.因此，我謹(jǐn)此提出我的想法，希望不至遭到任何反對(duì)。[9]IhavebeenassuredbyaveryknowingAmericanofmyacquaintanceinLondon,thatayounghealthyChildwellNursedisatayearOld,amostdelicious,nourishing,andwholesomeFood,whetherStewed,Roasted,Baked,orBoiled,andImakenodoubtthatitwillequallyserveinaFricassee,orRagout.

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我在倫敦的一個(gè)深知情的美國(guó)朋友向我證實(shí)，一個(gè)年輕安康、營(yíng)養(yǎng)良好的孩子在一歲的時(shí)候是味道最美、營(yíng)養(yǎng)最正確、最有益安康的食品，燜、烤、焙、煮皆無(wú)不可；而我也確信無(wú)論做成燉重汁肉丁和蔬菜燉肉，他們都一樣美味可口。[10]Idothereforehumblyofferittopublicconsideration,thatofthehundredandtwentythousandChildren,alreadyputed,twentythousandmaybereservedforBreed,whereofonlyonefourthparttobeMales,whichismorethanweallowtoSheep,blackCattle,orSwine,andmyreasonis,thattheseChildrenareseldomtheFruitsofMarriage,aCircumstancenotmuchregardedbyourSavages,therefore,oneMalewillbesufficienttoservefourFemales.因此我謹(jǐn)將其提交公眾考慮：上面統(tǒng)計(jì)過的十二萬(wàn)名兒童，兩萬(wàn)也許將留于飼養(yǎng)，其中男性只需四分之一——這已經(jīng)比豬牛羊的比例大了——我的理由是：這些孩子不是婚姻的產(chǎn)物，我們的粗人也不會(huì)計(jì)較這些，因此一男足配四女。ThattheremaininghundredthousandmayatayearOldbeofferedinSaletothepersonsofQuality,

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andFortune,throughtheKingdom,alwaysadvisingtheMothertoletthemSuckplentifullyinthelastMonth,soastorenderthemPlumpandFatforagoodTable.剩下的十萬(wàn)名在滿一周歲時(shí)可以賣給國(guó)有權(quán)有勢(shì)的人，要總叮囑母親在他們最后一個(gè)月讓他們喝飽奶，把他們養(yǎng)得圓圓胖胖，好作成美味佳肴。AChildwillmaketwoDishesatanEntertainmentforFriends,andwhentheFamilydinesalone,theforeorhindQuarterwillmakeareasonableDish,andseasonedwithalittlePepperorSaltwillbeverygoodBoiledonthefourthDay,especiallyinWinter.在招待朋友的筵席上，一個(gè)孩子可以做成兩道菜，家庭聚餐的話，孩子的前后腿的四分之一已經(jīng)可以作為一道好菜了，如果加點(diǎn)胡椒粉和鹽放上四天再煮，味道將更好，尤其是在冬天。[11]IhavereckoneduponaMedium,thataChildjustbornwillweigh12pounds,andinasolarYeariftolerablynursedincreasethto28Pounds.我算過，一個(gè)剛出生的孩子重十二磅，照料得好的話一年以后就可增至二十八磅。[12]Igrantthisfoodwillbesomewhatdear,

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andthereforeveryproperforLandlords,

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who,astheyhavealreadydevouredmostoftheParents,seemtohavethebestTitletotheChildren.我成認(rèn)這種食物多少有點(diǎn)昂貴，所以非常適合地主們食用，他們已經(jīng)榨干了孩子的父母，似乎也最有資格吃掉孩子。[13]Infant'sfleshwillbeinSeasonthroughouttheYear,butmoreplentifulinMarch,andalittlebeforeandafter.幼兒的嫩肉一年四時(shí)當(dāng)令，但在三月及前后供給最為充足。ForwearetoldbyagraveAuthor

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aneminentFrenchphysician,thatFishbeingaprolificDiet,therearemoreChildrenborninRomanCatholicCountriesaboutnineMonthsafterLent,thanatanyotherSeason;thereforereckoningaYearafterLent,theMarketswillbemoregluttedthanusual,becausetheNumberofPopishInfants,isatleastthreetooneinthisKingdom;andthereforeitwillhaveoneotherCollateraladvantagebylesseningtheNumberofPapistsamongus.一位嚴(yán)肅的作家——著名的法國(guó)科醫(yī)生告訴我們，由于魚是促進(jìn)生育的食物，在信仰羅馬天主教國(guó)家里，出生在四旬齋后九個(gè)月后的孩子要比別的時(shí)節(jié)多。因此估計(jì)四旬節(jié)過后一年，市場(chǎng)上嬰兒肉的供給將比平常充足，因?yàn)檫@個(gè)王國(guó)里天主教嬰兒的數(shù)量至少是三比一。所以這個(gè)方案還有一個(gè)附帶的好處，就是可以減少天主教嬰兒的數(shù)量。[14]IhavealreadyputedtheChargeofnursingaBeggar’sChild(inwhichlistIreckonallCottagers,Labourers,andfourfifthsoftheFarmers)tobeabouttwoShillingsperAnnum,Ragsincluded;andIbelievenoGentlemanwouldrepinetogiveTenShillingsfortheCarcassofagoodfatChild,which,asIhavesaidwillmakefourDishesofe*cellentNutritiveMeat,whenhehathonlysomeparticularfriend,orhisownFamilytoDinewithhim.我已經(jīng)算過，照料一個(gè)乞丐孩子的費(fèi)用〔我把所有的佃農(nóng)、勞工和五分之四的農(nóng)民都算進(jìn)去〕每年大約要兩先令，包括衣物；我相信沒有一個(gè)紳士會(huì)對(duì)花十先令買一個(gè)優(yōu)質(zhì)多肉的嬰兒的軀體有任何意見，我之前已經(jīng)說過，一個(gè)嬰兒可以做成四道營(yíng)養(yǎng)豐富的菜肴，如果他只有一些特別嘉賓、或只是和家人用餐的話。ThustheSquirewilllearntobeagoodLandlord,andgrowpopularamonghisTenants,theMotherwillhaveEightShillingsneatprofit,andbefitforWorktillsheproducethanotherChild.這樣，鄉(xiāng)紳們都會(huì)成為好地主，并受到佃戶們的親愛，母親們將有八先令的凈利潤(rùn)，在生出下一胎之前還可以出外打工。[15]Thosewhoaremorethrifty(asImustconfesstheTimesrequire)mayflaytheCarcass;theSkinofwhich,Artificially

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dressed,willmakeadmirableGlovesforLadies,andSummerBootsforfineGentlemen.那些比擬注重節(jié)約的紳士〔我必須說明這是時(shí)代所需〕可以剝下嬰尸的皮，經(jīng)過加工，這些皮可以制成極好的女用手套和紳士穿的夏季長(zhǎng)靴。[16]AstoourCityofDublin,Shambles

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maybeappointedforthispurposeinthemostconvenientpartsofit,andButcherswemaybeassuredwillnotbewanting,althoughIratherremendbuyingtheChildrenalive,anddressingthemhotfromtheKnife,aswedoroastingPigs.至于在我們的都柏林城，屠宰場(chǎng)可以借便承當(dāng)這項(xiàng)任務(wù)，我們將保證屠夫不會(huì)緊缺，雖然我建議大家還是買活的嬰兒，在家用刀活生生地把他剝皮更好，就像我們對(duì)烤豬一樣。[17]AveryworthyPerson,atrueLoverofhisCountry,andwhoseVirtuesIhighlyesteem,waslatelypleased,indiscoursingonthismatter,toofferarefinementuponmyScheme.一位十分可敬的人——他是一個(gè)真正的愛國(guó)者，我對(duì)他的德行十分敬重——最近在這件事的討論上，十分愿意根據(jù)我的方案再加改良。Hesaid,thatmanyGentlemenofthisKingdom,havingoflatedestroyedtheirDeer,heconceivedthatthewantofVenisonmightbewellsuppliedbytheBodiesofyoungLadsandMaidens,note*ceedingfourteenYearsofAge,norundertwelve;sogreataNumberofbothSe*esineveryCountybeingnowreadytoStarve,forwantofWorkandService:AndthesetobedisposedofbytheirParentsifalive,orotherwisebytheirnearestRelations.他說，近來這個(gè)王國(guó)的許多紳士畋獵無(wú)度導(dǎo)致野鹿絕跡。他設(shè)想對(duì)鹿肉的需求可以由十四周歲以下、十二周歲以上的童男童女的肉來填補(bǔ)。眼下在每個(gè)國(guó)家里，這個(gè)年齡段的童男童女快餓死的、找工作的、要服役的數(shù)不勝數(shù)。他們的父母〔如果還活著的話〕或最近親的人早就想這么做了。Butwithduedeferencetosoe*cellentafriend,andsodeservingaPatriot,IcannotbealtogetherinhisSentiments,forastotheMales,myAmericanacquaintanceassuredmefromfrequentE*perience,thattheirfleshwasgenerallyToughandLean,likethatofourSchool-boys,bycontinuale*ercise,andtheirTastedisagreeable,andtoFattenthemwouldnotanswertheCharge.一個(gè)這么優(yōu)秀的朋友，這么值得褒獎(jiǎng)的愛國(guó)者，我本應(yīng)當(dāng)聽從他的意見，可我不能完全站在他的立場(chǎng)，因?yàn)槲业拿绹?guó)朋友告訴我，根據(jù)他豐富的經(jīng)歷，男性由于經(jīng)常活動(dòng)，肉一般又硬又瘦，像我們的小學(xué)生一樣，而且味道也很糟，養(yǎng)肥之后賣出去也抵不回這期間的費(fèi)用。ThenastotheFemales,itwould,Ithink,withhumbleSubmission,bealosstothePublic,becausetheysoonwouldbeeBreedersthemselves:AndbesidesitisnotimprobablethatsomescrupulousPeoplemightbeapttoCensuresuchaPractice,(althoughindeedveryunjustly)asalittleborderinguponCruelty,which,Iconfess,hathalwaysbeenwithmethestrongestobjectionagainstanyProject,howwellsoeverintended.至于女性，我認(rèn)為，雖然她們天性順從，但這對(duì)公眾也仍是一筆損失，因?yàn)樗齻兒芸毂阋蔀椴溉檎摺３?，一些自命善良的人也有可能?duì)此提出非難〔盡管這是十分不公正的〕，說這個(gè)方案有失殘忍。對(duì)于我而言，這種抗議總是最義憤填膺地針對(duì)任何方案，無(wú)論這種方案多么好。[18]Butinordertojustifymyfriend,heconfessed,thatthise*pedientwasputintohisheadbythefamousPsallmanazor,

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aNativeoftheIslandFormosa,whocamefromthencetoLondon,abovetwentyYearsago,andinConversationtoldmyfriend,thatinhisCountrywhenanyyoungPersonhappenedtobeputtoDeath,theE*ecutionersoldtheCarcasstoPersonsofQuality,asaprimeDainty,andthat,inhisTime,theBodyofaplumpGirloffifteen,whowascrucifiedforanattempttoPoisontheEmperor,wassoldtohisImperialMajesty'sprimeMinisterofState,andothergreatMandarins

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oftheCourt,inJointsfromtheGibbet,

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atfourhundredCrowns.為了證明自己，我的朋友坦言，這個(gè)權(quán)宜之計(jì)是那著名的島公民Psallmanazor灌輸給他的，此人二十多年前從去到倫敦，在一次談話中他告訴我的朋友，在他的國(guó)家，年輕人被處死時(shí)，其軀體的肉會(huì)被劊子手賣給有權(quán)勢(shì)的人作為一種上等的美食。在他那時(shí)還有一個(gè)十五歲的胖姑娘意謀弒君，被釘死在十字架上，絞架上的大塊肉以四百克朗的價(jià)錢賣給了帝國(guó)最權(quán)威的宰相以及朝廷的其他王公大臣。NeitherindeedcanIdeny,thatifthesameuseweremadeofseveralplumpyoungGirlsinthisTown,who,withoutonesingleGroat

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totheirFortunes,cannotstirabroadwithoutaChair,

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andappearataPlay-House,andAssembliesinForeignfineries,whichtheyneverwillPayfor;theKingdomwouldnotbetheworse.確實(shí)，我兩者都不能否認(rèn)：如果這個(gè)城市里那些年輕的胖姑娘也被如此處理的話——這些身無(wú)分文的小姐沒有轎子就絕不踏出家門一步，在劇場(chǎng)招搖，身著外國(guó)綢緞〔她們永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)為此掏一點(diǎn)錢〕聚集成群——我們的王國(guó)就不會(huì)每況愈下了。[19]SomePersonsofadespondingSpiritareingreatconcernaboutthatvastNumberofpoorPeople,whoareaged,diseased,ormaimed,andIhavebeendesiredtoemploymythoughtswhatCoursemaybetakentoeasetheNationofsogrievousanencumbrance.一些心灰意冷的人對(duì)數(shù)目龐大的窮苦人民感到擔(dān)憂，這些人老的老，病的病，殘的殘，我極其渴望運(yùn)用我的才智讓我們的國(guó)家采取措施去除這些令人憂心的累贅。ButIamnotintheleastpainuponthatmatter,becauseitisverywellknown,thattheyareeveryDaydying,androtting,bycold,andfamine,andfilth,andvermin,asfastascanbereasonablye*pected.我并非對(duì)此毫無(wú)惻隱，眾所周知，他們每天都在垂死、腐爛，為饑餓寒冷所迫，與塵菌蟲鼠為伍，快得正如可以合理地預(yù)料的那樣。AndastotheyoungerLabourers,theyarenowinalmostashopefulaCondition.那些年輕的勞動(dòng)者，他們現(xiàn)在幾乎也和那樣老弱病殘一樣可悲。TheycannotgetWork,andconsequentlypineawayfromwantofNourishmenttoadegreethatifatanytimetheyareaccidentallyhiredtomonLabour,theyhavenotstrengthtoperformit,andthustheCountryandthemselvesarehappilydeliveredfromtheEvilstoe.他們找不到工作，如果由于*個(gè)偶然的時(shí)機(jī)他們被招為一個(gè)低賤的勞工，他們也沒有力氣做好，最終由于營(yíng)養(yǎng)缺乏而形如槁木，國(guó)家和他們自己都十分快樂因此擺脫了厄運(yùn)。[20]Ihavetoolongdigressed,andthereforeshallreturntomysubject.IthinktheadvantagesbytheProposalwhichIhavemadeareobviousandmany,aswellasofthehighestimportance.我扯得太遠(yuǎn)，還是回到正題吧。我認(rèn)為我的提議有眾多明顯的好處，而且包含極端的重要性。[21]Forfirst,asIhavealreadyobserved,itwouldgreatlylessentheNumberofPapists,withwhomweareYearlyover-run,beingtheprincipalBreedersoftheNation,aswellasourmostdangerousEnemies,andwhostayathomeonpurposewithadesigntodelivertheKingdomtothePretender,hopingtotaketheirAdvantagebytheabsenceofsomanygoodProtestants,

24

whohavechosenrathertoleavetheirCountry,thanstayathome,andpayTithesagainsttheirConscience,toanidolatrousEpiscopalCurate.首先，正如我已經(jīng)認(rèn)識(shí)到的，方案將會(huì)大減少天主教徒的數(shù)量，他們每年都在侵占我們的地盤，已經(jīng)成了國(guó)家的主要生育者，而且也是我們最危險(xiǎn)的敵人。他們成心留守家園，趁著眾多新教徒不在的時(shí)候——新教徒們出于良心，寧愿離鄉(xiāng)也不愿向主教的助理牧師繳納什一稅——圖謀把王國(guó)獻(xiàn)給那個(gè)覬覦王位的人。[22]Secondly,thepoorerTenantswillhavesomethingvaluableoftheirown,whichbyLawmaybemadeliabletoDistress,

25

andhelptopaytheirLandlord'sRent,theirCornandCattlebeingalreadyseized,andMoneyathingunknown.其次，許多貧困的佃戶將因此有自己的值錢的東西，可在法律上可充當(dāng)?shù)盅浩罚靡詢敻兜刂鞯淖饨?。他們的莊稼和牲畜早已被沒收，而錢根本毫無(wú)著落。[23]Thirdly,WhereastheMaintenanceofanhundredthousandChildren,fromtwoYearsold,andupwards,cannotbeputedatlessthanTenShillingsapieceperAnnum,theNation'sStockwillbetherebyincreasedfiftythousandpoundsperAnnum,besidestheprofitofanewDish,introducedtotheTablesofallGentlemenofFortuneintheKingdom,whohaveanyrefinementinTaste.第三，供養(yǎng)十萬(wàn)兩歲和兩歲以上的兒童，每人每年的花費(fèi)不會(huì)少于十先令，因此，除了國(guó)所有食不厭精的富紳們的飯桌可添加一碟新鮮菜肴外，國(guó)庫(kù)每年也將有五萬(wàn)英鎊的額外收入。AndtheMoneywillcirculateamongourselves,theGoodsbeingentirelyofourownGrowthandManufacture.而且這筆錢將在我們之間流通，貨品也完全由我們自產(chǎn)自制。[24]Fourthly,TheconstantBreeders,besidesthegainofEightShillingsSterlingperAnnum,bytheSaleoftheirChildren,willberidoftheChargeofmaintainingthemafterthefirstYear.第四，那些常年生育的婦女，除了每年賣孩子可以拿到八個(gè)先令的錢外，也能在第一年后免去撫養(yǎng)的負(fù)擔(dān)。[25]Fifthly,thisfoodwouldlikewisebringgreatCustomtoTaverns,wheretheVintnerswillcertainlybesoprudentastoprocurethebestreceipts

26

fordressingittoperfection,andconsequentlyhavetheirHousesfrequentedbyallthefineGentlemen,whojustlyvaluethemselvesupontheirknowledgeingoodEating,andaskillfulCook,whounderstandshowtoobligehisGuestswillcontrivetomakeitase*pensiveastheyplease.第五，這些食品還可為酒館招徠大批主顧。酒館老板必將小心精明地搜尋最好的食譜，從而使自己的酒館成為那些自命美食家的富紳們頻頻光臨之所；熟知顧客心理的手藝高超的廚師，也將把它做成一道闊氣的菜肴，以滿足顧客所好。[26]Si*thly,ThiswouldbeagreatInducementtoMarriage,whichallwiseNationshaveeitherencouragedbyRewards,orenforcedbyLawsandPenalties.第六，這對(duì)促進(jìn)婚姻也有誘導(dǎo)作用。一切明智的國(guó)家對(duì)婚姻如非通過獎(jiǎng)賞來鼓勵(lì)，就是通過法律和刑罰來強(qiáng)制實(shí)行。ItwouldincreasethecareandtendernessofMotherstowardstheirChildren,whentheyweresureofaSettlementforLifetothepoorBabes,providedinsomesortbythePublic,totheirAnnualprofitinsteadofE*pense.此舉將增進(jìn)母親對(duì)孩子的關(guān)愛和呵護(hù)，她們的孩子每年將受到公家*種形式的救助，她們不用再為孩子花銷，還可以獲得收益。WeshouldsoonseeanhonestEmulationamongthemarriedwomen,whichofthemcouldbringthefattestChildtotheMarket.我們很便可看到已婚婦女中的老實(shí)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)，看誰(shuí)能養(yǎng)出最胖的孩子送到市場(chǎng)去。MenwouldbeeasfondoftheirWives,duringtheTimeoftheirPregnancy,astheyarenowoftheirMaresinFoal,theirCowsinCalf,orSowswhentheyarereadytoFarrow,noroffertoBeatorKickthem(asistoofrequentapractice)forfearofaMiscarriage.在女人懷孕期間，男人們也會(huì)十分保護(hù)她們的妻子，就像他們現(xiàn)在保護(hù)懷著馬駒的母馬，保護(hù)懷著牛犢的母牛，保護(hù)即將臨盆的母豬一樣，他們不會(huì)對(duì)她們?nèi)蚰_踢〔這種情況平時(shí)很普遍〕，怕造成流產(chǎn)。[27]Manyotheradvantagesmightbeenumerated.我還可以列舉其他好處。ForInstance,theadditionofsomethousandCarcassesinoure*portationofBarreledBeef,ThePropagationofSwine’sFlesh,andImprovementintheArtofmakinggoodBacon,somuchwantedamongusbythegreatdestructionofPigs,toofrequentatourTables,whicharenowayparableinTaste,orMagnificencetoawell-grown,fatYearlingChild,whichRoastedwholewillmakeaconsiderableFigureataLordMayor'sFeast,oranyotherPublicEntertainment.例如，豬的大量死亡導(dǎo)致我們有了如此多的需求：我們出口的桶裝牛肉里需增加幾千頭牛，豬肉產(chǎn)量需要提高，制腌肉的手藝也需要改良，但這些在我們的餐桌上太常見了，其色澤味道怎么也比不上那些安康多肉的一歲幼兒。在地方之長(zhǎng)的筵席上，或其他公共宴會(huì)上，他們整個(gè)可以烤出多么誘人的形狀啊。Butthis,andmanyothersIomitbeingstudiousofBrevity.但為了不耽誤各位的時(shí)間，我把這些和許多其他的都省去了。[28]SupposingthatonethousandFamiliesinthisCity,wouldbeconstantCustomersforInfantsFlesh,besidesotherswhomighthaveitatMerry-meetings,particularlyatWeddingsandChristenings,IputethatDublinwouldtakeoffAnnuallyabouttwentythousandCarcasses,andtherestoftheKingdom(whereprobablytheywillbeSoldsomewhatCheaper)theremainingeightythousand.假設(shè)我們城市的那一千個(gè)家庭都成為幼兒肉的長(zhǎng)期消費(fèi)者，不算那些在歡慶會(huì)——尤其是在婚宴和洗禮會(huì)上的，我算得都柏林每年將賣出兩千具童尸，王國(guó)的其他地方〔那些地方也許會(huì)賣得廉價(jià)一點(diǎn)〕可以賣出余下的八千。[29]IcanthinkofnooneObjection,thatwillpossiblyberaisedagainstthisProposal,unlessitshouldbeurged,thattheNumberofPeoplewillbetherebymuchlessenedintheKingdom.我想不到任何可能針對(duì)我的方案的反對(duì)意見，除非它極導(dǎo)致了這個(gè)王國(guó)的人口數(shù)量大量減少。ThisIfreelyown,

27

anditwasindeedonePrincipaldesigninofferingittotheWorld.我成認(rèn)確實(shí)有這個(gè)意圖，而這正是它對(duì)世界的主要奉獻(xiàn)。IdesiretheReaderwillobserve,thatICalculatemyRemedyforthisoneindividualKingdomofIRELAND,andfornootherthateverwas,is,or,Ithink,evercanbeuponEarth.我希望讀者能看到，我提出的這個(gè)補(bǔ)救方法只是針對(duì)愛爾蘭王國(guó)，而不是為了其他任何一個(gè)在這個(gè)地球上曾經(jīng)存在，或我認(rèn)為將要存在的國(guó)家。Thereforeletnomantalktomeofothere*pedients:

28

Ofta*ingourAbsenteesatfiveShillingsapound:

29

OfusingneitherCloths,norhouseholdFurniture,e*ceptwhatisofourownGrowthandManufacture:OfutterlyrejectingtheMaterialsandInstrumentsthatpromoteForeignLu*ury:OfcuringtheE*pensivenessofPride,Vanity,Idleness,andGaminginourWomen:OfintroducingaVeinofParsimony,PrudenceandTemperance:OflearningtoLoveourCountry,whereinwedifferevenfromLAPLANDERS,andtheInhabitantsofTOPINAMBOO:

30

OfquittingourAnimosities,andFactions,norActanylongerliketheJews,whowereMurderingoneanotherattheverymomenttheirCitywastaken:

31

OfbeingalittleCautiousnottoSellourCountryandConsciencesfornothing:OfteachingLandlordstohaveatleastonedegreeofMercytowardstheirTenants.LastlyofputtingaSpiritofHonesty,IndustryandSkillintoourShop-keepers,who,ifaResolutioncouldnowbetakentoBuyonlyourNativeGoods,wouldimmediatelyunitetoCheatandE*act

32

uponusinthePrice,theMeasure,andtheGoodness,norcouldeveryetbebroughttomakeonefairProposalofjustdealing,thoughoftenandearnestlyinvitedtoit.因此我不許任何人和我談這些權(quán)益之計(jì)：向我們那些不在拘留所的人收取每個(gè)拘留所五先令的稅款；除了我們自產(chǎn)自制的，不用別的衣物和家具；完全拒用那些宣揚(yáng)外國(guó)式奢侈的物品和器材；糾正女人那些帶來巨大花費(fèi)的傲慢、虛榮、懶散和賭博之風(fēng)；大力提倡儉省、審慎、節(jié)欲的風(fēng)氣；學(xué)會(huì)愛我們的祖國(guó)，我們甚至連拉普蘭人和塔平蘭布的居民都不如；放下仇恨，停頓訌，不要再像猶太人一樣，他們?cè)谧约旱某鞘斜徽碱I(lǐng)的時(shí)候還互相殺戮；小心慎重，別為了一些毫無(wú)價(jià)值的東西出賣我們的祖國(guó)和自己的良心；教誨我們的地主對(duì)佃戶存有些許慈悲之心；最后，給開店的人灌輸老實(shí)、勤奮和熟巧的觀念，如果人們現(xiàn)在下決心只買國(guó)貨，他們會(huì)馬上勾結(jié)起來，在價(jià)格、尺度和質(zhì)量上欺騙我們和向我們強(qiáng)制推銷，而且，他們決不會(huì)提出任何有利公平交易的合理建議，雖然這是我們經(jīng)常熱心提倡的。[30]ThereforeIrepeat,letnoMantalktomeoftheseandthelikeE*pedients,tillhehathatleastaGlimpseofHope,thattherewilleverbesomeheartyandsincereattempttoputthemintoPractice.因此，我再次強(qiáng)調(diào)，在有人發(fā)自心地，真誠(chéng)地愿意將其付諸實(shí)踐之前，誰(shuí)也不要跟我談這些以及類似的權(quán)宜之計(jì)，他至少得瞥見一線希望才可以。[31]Butastomyself,havingbeenweariedoutformanyYearswithofferingvain,idle,visionarythoughts,andatlengthutterlydespairingofSuccess,IfortunatelyfelluponthisProposal,whichasitiswhollynew,soithathsomethingSolidandReal,ofnoE*penseandlittleTrouble,fullinourownPower,andwherebywecanincurnoDangerindisobligingEngland.至于我自己，我常年思考一些無(wú)用的、沒有價(jià)值的、不切實(shí)際的東西，最終對(duì)成功已完全絕望，我厭煩透了，很幸運(yùn)可以開場(chǎng)實(shí)踐這個(gè)方案。它完全新穎，所以它有可靠和真實(shí)的東西在其中，不花什么代價(jià)，也不麻煩，完全在我們的能力之，所以也不會(huì)從高高掛起的英格蘭那惹禍上身。ForthiskindofmoditywillnotbearE*portation,theFleshbeingoftootenderaConsistence,toadmitalongcontinuanceinSalt,althoughperhapsIcouldnameaCountry,whichwouldbegladtoEatupourwholeNationwithoutit.

33

因?yàn)檫@種商品不能用于出口，它的肉太軟，不能在鹽里保存太久，雖然我或許可以說出一些國(guó)家的名字，這些國(guó)家不想吃這種肉但很想把我們國(guó)家吞掉。[32]AfterallIamnotsoviolentlybentuponmyownOpinion,astorejectanyOffer,proposedbywiseMen,whichshallbefoundequallyInnocent,Cheap,EasyandEffectual.畢竟我也不是則劇烈地傾向我自己的觀點(diǎn)，不至于拒絕其他有智之士提出的建議，只要它們也同樣地?zé)o害、省錢、簡(jiǎn)易和有效。ButbeforesomethingofthatkindshallbeadvancedinContradictiontomyScheme,andofferingabetter,IdesiretheAuthor,orAuthorswillbepleasedmaturelytoconsidertwopoints.但我希望在提出*些與我的方案相沖突的容和提出更好的建議之前，這個(gè)建議者或這些建議者能夠成熟地考慮我兩點(diǎn)意見。First,Asthingsnowstand,howtheywillbeabletofindFoodandRaimentforahundredthousanduselessMouthsandBacks.首先，問題擺在面前，他們?nèi)绾文芙o這十萬(wàn)個(gè)不事勞動(dòng)的嬰兒找到食物和衣物。AndSecondly,therebeingaroundMillionofCreaturesinhumanFigure,throughoutthisKingdom,whosewholeSubsistenceputintoamonStock,wouldleavetheminDebttwoMillionsofPoundsSterling,addingthosewhoareBeggarsbyProfession,totheBulkofFarmers,CottagersandLabourerswiththeirWivesandChildren,whoareBeggarsinEffect;IdesirethosePoliticians,whodislikemyOverture,andmayperhapsbesoboldtoattemptanAnswer,thattheywillfirstasktheParentsoftheseMortals,whethertheywouldnotatthisDaythinkitagreatHappinesstohavebeensoldforFoodatayearOldinthemannerIprescribe,andtherebyhaveavoidedsuchaperpetualSceneofMisfortunes,astheyhavesincegonethrough,bytheoppressionofLandlords,theImpossibilityofpayingRentwithoutMoneyorTrade,thewantofmonSustenance,withneitherHousenorClothstocoverthemfromInclemenciesofWeather,andthemostinevitableProspectofentailingthelike,orgreaterMiseriesupontheirBreedforever.其次，這個(gè)王國(guó)有一百萬(wàn)長(zhǎng)著人樣的生物，把他們的全部家當(dāng)都收在國(guó)庫(kù)后，他們將負(fù)債兩百萬(wàn)英鎊，加上職業(yè)乞丐、大批的農(nóng)民、佃農(nóng)、勞工〔他們拖家?guī)Э?，本質(zhì)上也是乞丐〕。我希望那些不喜歡我的提議、又十分敢作敢為想找出解決方法的政治家們，先問問這些孩子的父母，今時(shí)今日，他們還會(huì)不會(huì)不認(rèn)為這是一件幸事：在一歲時(shí)以我所提議的方式被當(dāng)食物賣掉，可以擺脫永久的不幸感，不用像他們?cè)馐苓^的那樣，被地主壓迫，沒有錢和生意還得繳租〔那簡(jiǎn)直是不可能的〕，要維持一般的生計(jì)，卻沒有房子也沒有衣物來抵擋惡劣的天氣，更無(wú)法逃避把這種同樣的、或更巨大的痛苦世世代代延續(xù)下去的命運(yùn)。[33]IProfessinthesincerityofmyHeartthatIhavenottheleastper