Unit14期中語(yǔ)法復(fù)習(xí)講義牛津譯林版英語(yǔ)八年級(jí)上冊(cè)

8Aunit14涉及語(yǔ)法點(diǎn)：Unit1形容詞的比較級(jí)、最高級(jí)大部分形容詞都有三個(gè)等級(jí)：原級(jí)、比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)。比較級(jí)用于比較兩個(gè)人或事物，用于說(shuō)明前者比后者“更······”；最高級(jí)用于三個(gè)或三個(gè)以上的人或事物進(jìn)行比較時(shí)，說(shuō)明在所有人或事物中某一個(gè)“最····..”。1）形容詞比較級(jí)、最高級(jí)的構(gòu)成（1）規(guī)則變化類(lèi)別變化規(guī)律例詞單音節(jié)詞和部分雙音節(jié)詞一般情況在原級(jí)詞尾加er構(gòu)成比較級(jí)，加est構(gòu)成最高級(jí)。short→shorter→shortesttall→taller→tallest以e結(jié)尾的詞，直接加r或st。wide→wider→widestlarge→larger→largest重讀閉音節(jié)，末尾只有一個(gè)元音字母加一個(gè)輔音字母的詞，先雙寫(xiě)這一輔音字母再加er或est。（以輔+元+輔結(jié)尾的）big→bigger→biggest①thin→thinner→thinnesthot→hotter→hottest以“輔音字母＋y”結(jié)尾，變y為i，再加er或est。happy→happier→happiestheavy→heavier→heaviest多音節(jié)詞和部分雙音節(jié)詞在原級(jí)前加more構(gòu)成比較級(jí)，加most構(gòu)成最高級(jí)。beautiful→morebeautiful→mostbeautiful（2）不規(guī)則變化有一些詞的比較級(jí)、最高級(jí)變化是不規(guī)則的，需要特殊記憶。例如：原級(jí)比較級(jí)最高級(jí)good\wellbetterbestbad\badly\illworseworstfarfarther/furtherfarthest/furthestlittlelessleastmany\muchmoremostoldolder/elderoldest/eldest2)形容詞比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)的用法涉及考點(diǎn)：1）形容詞比較級(jí)的用法“形容詞比較級(jí)＋than”表示一方超過(guò)或低于另一方的情況。形容詞的比較級(jí)可用much，alot，far，alittle，abit，still，even等詞進(jìn)行修飾。IgetupearlierthanTom.我比湯姆起得早。Iamgoodatmath，buthisEnglishis thanmine. （黃石中考）A.muchbetterB.morebetterC.verybetterD.prettybetter解析：much可修飾比較級(jí)，意為“······得多”，常見(jiàn)的修飾比較級(jí)的詞有much，alot，far，alittle，abit，still，even等。 答案：A“比較級(jí)＋and＋比較級(jí)”或“moreandmore＋原級(jí)（多音節(jié)和部分雙音節(jié)詞）”意為“越來(lái)越····..”。Itisgettingcoolerandcooler.天氣變得越來(lái)越?jīng)鏊??！皌he＋比較級(jí)，the＋比較級(jí)”意為“越······就越······”。Thebusierheis，thehappierhefeels.他越忙越感到高興。替代在比較級(jí)句式中，為了避免重復(fù)，經(jīng)常用that（單數(shù)）或those（復(fù)數(shù)）代替前面出現(xiàn)的名詞。Theearsofarabbitarelongerthanthoseofacat.兔子的耳朵比貓的耳朵長(zhǎng)?！癆＋系動(dòng)詞＋the＋比較級(jí)＋ofthetwo（＋可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)）”意為“A是兩者中比較······的”。Jimisthemoreoutgoingofthetwo.吉姆是這兩人中比較外向的。表示兩個(gè)人或事物作對(duì)比，并進(jìn)行選擇時(shí)，常用句型為“Which／What／Who...＋比較級(jí)，AorB？”。WhoisbetteratChinese，BoborMike？鮑勃和麥克誰(shuí)更擅長(zhǎng)漢語(yǔ)？“否定詞＋比較級(jí)”結(jié)構(gòu)表示最高級(jí)含義。 LiMingisveryhappybecausetheclothesmadeinhisfactoryhaveneverbeenmorepopular.李明很高興，因?yàn)樗S(chǎng)里生產(chǎn)的衣服從沒(méi)像現(xiàn)在這么受歡迎。比較級(jí)+than+anyother+名詞單數(shù)形式ShanghaiislargerthananyothercityinChina.（上海在中國(guó)這個(gè)范圍內(nèi)，所以用anyother）ShanghaiislargerthananycityinJiangsu.（上海不在江蘇，所以只需用any）比較級(jí)+than+theother+名詞復(fù)數(shù)形式以下三句表達(dá)的是同一個(gè)意思。Danielisthemosthardworkingstudentinourclass.Danielismorehardworkingthananyotherstudentinourclass.Danielismorehardworkingthantheotherstudentsinourclass.HowdoyoulikethesongChengdusungbyZhaoLei？Oh,Ihaveneverenjoyeda onebefore.A.worstB.bestC.worseD.better解析：句意為：“你覺(jué)得趙雷唱的《成都》怎么樣？”“哦，我從來(lái)沒(méi)有聽(tīng)過(guò)比這更好聽(tīng)的歌曲?！北容^級(jí)與否定詞連用表示最高級(jí)的含義。答案：D2）形容詞最高級(jí)的用法“the＋形容詞最高級(jí)＋表示比較范圍的短語(yǔ)或從句”意為“是······中最······的”。Lilyistheoldestofthesechildren.莉莉是這些孩子中年齡最大的。Sheistheyoungestinherclass.她在班里年齡最小。oneofthe+adj最高級(jí)+名詞復(fù)數(shù)+謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞單數(shù)表示“最….之一的”the+序數(shù)詞+adj最高級(jí)+名詞.有Ihavewatched.“我見(jiàn)過(guò)的”這樣的標(biāo)志用最高級(jí)It’s______________(interest)filmthatIhavewatched..Unit2副詞的比較級(jí)、最高級(jí)涉及考點(diǎn)：1）表示數(shù)量的詞的比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)more．．．than．．．意為“······比······多”，more是many和much的比較級(jí)，后接可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)或不可數(shù)名詞。 Therearemoretreesinmycitythaninyours.我們的城市里的樹(shù)比你們城市里的多。fewer／less．．．than．．．意為“······比······少”，fewer后接可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)，less后接不可數(shù)名詞。Davidisagoodboy.Healwaysmakesfewermistakesthanothers.戴維是個(gè)好孩子。他總是比別人少犯錯(cuò)誤。Shespendslessmoneyonclothesthanyou.她在衣服上花的錢(qián)比你少。themost意為“最多”，后面既可接可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)，也可接不可數(shù)名詞。thefewest／least意為“最少”，前者修飾可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)，后者修飾不可數(shù)名詞。few—fewer—fewest(后面加可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù))little—less—least(后加不可數(shù)名詞)Thereare________boysthangirlsinourclass.(few)Weneed__________(little)moneyand________(few)peopletodothework.Ihave___________(little)freetimethanJohn.Ofallthegirls,shemakes________(few)mistakes.much/many—more—most________

peoplecametothemeetingthanlasttime.(many)few表“沒(méi)幾個(gè)”，否定,little表示”沒(méi)有多少”，否定()TheMathsproblemissodifficultthat_________studentscanworkitout.A.fewB.afewC.littleD.alittle關(guān)于數(shù)量的固定搭配atleast(至少)atmost(至多)moreorless（差不多）Thereare500booksat________(little)2）副詞的比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)的構(gòu)成副詞的比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)的規(guī)則構(gòu)成變化同形容詞一樣。而不規(guī)則的，需要特殊記憶。3）副詞比較級(jí)的用法 副詞比較級(jí)的用法與形容詞比較級(jí)的用法相似，常用“比較級(jí)＋than” 結(jié)構(gòu)表示相比較的兩者的差別。②副詞比較級(jí)前可加much，alot，far，even，alittle等修飾成分來(lái)表示程度或加強(qiáng)語(yǔ)氣。Hewokeearlierthanusual.他比以往醒得早。3）副詞最高級(jí)的用法副詞的最高級(jí)通常用于一定的比較范圍，后跟ofall...，of...，in..，among..等短語(yǔ)。Ofallthesubjects，IlikeEnglish（the）best.所有課程中，我最喜歡英語(yǔ)。小試牛刀形容詞比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)。(1).The__________(many)treesyouplant,the__________(beautiful)ourcountrywillbe.(2).Thisoneisexpensive,I’dlikea___________(cheap)one.(3).Heis____________(tired)thanyesterday.(4).Heis_____________(thin)ofall.(5).LiLeiisa____________boyinourclass.(tall)LiLeiis__________thananyotherboyinourclass.(tall)LiLeiis___________thantheotherboysinourclass.(tall)LiLeiis___________boyinourclass.(tall)(6).TheYellowRiveristhesecond___________(long)riverinChina.(7).Hismoneyis___________thanmine.(少)Hemade___________mistakesthanbefore.(少)(8).The____________(happy)ofthetwoismygoodfriend.(9).TheweatherinJianhuiscold.TheweatherinBeijingiscolder.TheweatherinJianhuis_________than________inBeijing.(10).Ofthethreesubjects,Englishisthemostinteresting.==Englishismoreinterestingthanthe________________subjects.單項(xiàng)選擇：()1.HowlongwillPhilipstayhere?Two________weekstillheleaves.A.manyB.muchC.moreD.most()2.Whichofthoseradiossounds________?Thesmallestone.A.goodB.wellC.betterD.best()3.OfthetwoTshirts,I’dchoosethe___onetosavesomemoneyforabook.A.cheapestB.cheaperC.moreexpensiveD.mostexpensive()4.Simon’sideais________Sandy’s.Theydon’tagreewitheachother.A.thesameasB.similartoC.asgoodasD.differentfrom()5.I’mmuch______thanmytwofriends,butIjump________ofusthree.A.taller;higherB.shorter;higherC.taller;highestD.shorter;highest()6.WasHenrylatefortheconcertyesterday?No.Hegotthereeventenminutes______thanustwo.A.earlierB.earliestC.laterD.latest()7.IsLinda’shome________awayfromschoolthanMillie’s?Yes,itis.LindalivestwomilesawaybutMillielivesnearby.A.fartherB.farthestC.furtherD.furthest()8.Lilyis________hardworkingthananyotherstudentinherclass.A.muchB.moreC.mostD.themost()9.I’mhisbestfriend.IknowhimwellProbably_________thananyoneelse.A.lessB.widerC.betterD.deeper()10.MarkspeaksEnglishwell,butyou________him.A.speakasbadlyasB.speakworsethanC.don’tspeaksobadlyasD.speakmuchbetterthan()11.MrsKingkeptweighingherselftoseehowmuch_______shewasgetting.B.heavierC.theheavierD.theheaviest()12.Peterdrives____Amy,soitwilltakePeter____timetogettothehotel.fasterthan;lessB.moreslowlythan;lessC.asfastas;moreD.asslowlyas;more()13.ThismorningJackcametoschool____than______studentinhisclass.late;anyB.muchlate;anyotherC.muchlater;anyD.muchlater;anyother()14.Danielisacarefuldriver,buthedrives________ofmyfriends.A.morecarefullyB.themostcarefullyC.lesscarefullyD.theleastcarefully()15.Whenanearthquakehappens,andyouareoutdoors,youshouldkeepcalmandgotoanopenareaas_______aspossible.A.slowlyB.quietlyC.widelyD.quickly()16.Haven'tseenyouforages!Youarenowmuch________thanI.B.tallerC.tallest()17.Howareyoutoday,Bob?I'meven______now.Idon'tthinkthemedicineisgoodforme.A.betterB.worseC.happierD.unluckier()18.Helenlearnstodancethreetimesaweek.Nowshedances___Anitadoes.A.sogoodasB.aswellasC.asgoodasD.sowellasUnit3原級(jí)（as...as)、反身代詞涉及考點(diǎn)：1）as…..as與….一樣A+beas+adj.原形+asB“A與B一樣。。?！盇+V+as+adv.原形+asB“A與B一樣。。。”Thisradioisas______________

asthatone.(cheap)A+be+notas/so+adj.原形+as“A不如B。。。”A+助動(dòng)詞否定+V（原型）+as/so+adv.原形+as“A不如B。。?！?)Ican’tdothejob_______you.A.sobadasB.asbadlyasC.asworseasD.soworstas()inthesportsmeeting,Amyran______________.A.asfasterasshecan B.assoonasshecould C.asfastasshecouldD.assoonasshecanso+原形()Studentsareverybusybecausetheyhaveso_______bookstoreadandso_______homeworktodoeveryday.A.many,manyB.much,muchC.many,muchD.much,many2）反身代詞反身代詞單數(shù)復(fù)數(shù)第一人稱(chēng)：myselfourselves第二人稱(chēng)：yourselfyourselves第三人稱(chēng)：himself/herself/itselfthemselves常和反身代詞連用的動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)：enjoyoneself過(guò)得開(kāi)心，玩得愉快lookafteroneself=takecareofoneself照顧自己hurtoneself傷到某人自己helponeselfto…請(qǐng)隨便吃…washoneself洗澡make…byoneself自己做,獨(dú)立完成dressoneself穿衣buy…foroneself/buyoneselfsth給自己買(mǎi)東西lookatoneselfinthemirror照鏡子saytooneself自言自語(yǔ)teachoneself=learn…byoneself自學(xué)hideoneself隱藏某人自己etooneself蘇醒makeyourselfathome別拘束leavesbbyoneself把某人單獨(dú)留下loseoneself迷失方向，迷路foroneself（用作副詞）(1)為了自己例如：Shekeptthebiggestpieceofpieforherself.她把最大的一塊餡餅給了自己。(2)親自，獨(dú)自，獨(dú)立（做……），相當(dāng)于withoutbeinghelped，與byoneself同義。例如：Youshouldworkouttheproblemforyourself.你應(yīng)該獨(dú)立解決這個(gè)問(wèn)題。byoneself（用作副詞）(1)獨(dú)自一人(=alone)例如：Sheusedtositbyherselfandread.她從前常常獨(dú)自坐著看書(shū)。(2)獨(dú)立地，單獨(dú)地=withouthelp，與foroneself同義。例如：Hefinisheditbyhimself.他獨(dú)立完成那件事。注意：★反身代詞和它所指代的對(duì)象在人稱(chēng)、性別、數(shù)上必須保持一致?！锓瓷泶~在句中不能單獨(dú)作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)，但是它可以作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)的同位語(yǔ)，放在主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)后或句末。如：Thestoryitselfisveryinteresting.這個(gè)故事本身很有趣。（誤）Myselfdrovethecar.（正）Imyselfdrovethecar.我自己開(kāi)車(chē)。★反身代詞可以作表語(yǔ)。如：I'mnotquitemyselftoday.我今天情緒不好。小試牛刀詞匯填空1.Tom,you’dbetterasktheteacher__________.2.Thequestioniseasy,andIcanworkitout_________.3.Herparentsteach___________Japaneseeveryday.4.Theboydidn’thurt________.5.Didtheyenjoy__________yesterday?6.Weareoldenoughtolookafter_______.7.Ibought________aCDasmybirthdaypresentyesterday.8.TheClass1,Grade8studentsenjoyed_________intheschooltrip.9.Thegirlislucky.Shedidn'thurt___________10.—Help________tosomejuice,boysandgirls.—Thanks.單項(xiàng)選擇()—You’dbetterkeepthesecretto_________,MillieandLily.—OK,Amy.Canyoukeepitfor_________?A.yourself;youB.myself;yourselfC.yourselves;usD.you;ourselvesUnit4建議句型涉及考點(diǎn)：“521”原則【考點(diǎn)聚焦】主語(yǔ)+hadbetter(not)dosth..該句型用于表示對(duì)下級(jí)、晚輩的勸告,往往帶有命令、強(qiáng)制的語(yǔ)氣,意為“某人最好（不要）做某事”。eg:You'dbettertakeanumbrellawithyoutoday.今天你最好帶把傘在身邊。You'dbetternottellher.你最好不要告訴她。Youshould(not)do...,意為“你（不）應(yīng)該做……”。should的語(yǔ)氣比hadbetter要委婉。eg:Youshouldpleteyourtestintime.你們應(yīng)該及時(shí)完成你們的試驗(yàn)。Youshouldnotplaywiththeknifeinclass.你不應(yīng)該在課堂上玩小刀?！局R(shí)拓展】初中英語(yǔ)中提建議的句型有很多,在不同的場(chǎng)合使用不同的句型表達(dá)會(huì)有不同的效果。Whydon'tyou/wedosth.？表示向?qū)Ψ教岢鲆环N建議或詢(xún)問(wèn)某種原因,暗含有責(zé)備對(duì)方的意思,意為“為什么不……？”。What/Howabout(doing)sth.?如果是在討論式的談話(huà)中,可用該句型提出一個(gè)建議或引出一個(gè)新話(huà)題。Wouldyoulike／love(todo)sth.?這是一個(gè)很委婉的表示建議的句型,并帶有與對(duì)方商量的意味,意為“你想要（做）……嗎？”。ShallI／wedosth.？此句型是用來(lái)提建議或征求對(duì)方意見(jiàn)的,意為“我（們）做……好嗎？”,語(yǔ)氣委婉,商量的語(yǔ)氣較濃。Let'sdosth.當(dāng)你覺(jué)得可以直截了當(dāng)?shù)叵驅(qū)Ψ教岢鼋ㄗh,讓對(duì)方和自己一起去做某事時(shí),常用該句型,意為“咱們做……吧。”該句型后常加附加問(wèn)句“shallwe?”,使語(yǔ)氣更加委婉。小試牛刀單項(xiàng)選擇()1.You______yourcoffeebeforeitturnscold.A.shoulddrinkB.shoulddrinks C.shoulddrinkingD.shouldtodrink()2.Theclothes________inthewardrobe(衣柜).Putthemonthebed.A.shouldputB.shouldnotbeputC.shouldbenotputted D.shouldputted()3.—Mum,canIdothehomeworktomorrow?—You_______finishittoday.A.hadbetterB.hadrather C.hadbetterdon’t D.hadrathernot()4.Hisunclebeverypoor,butnowhehasbeenveryrich.A.usedtoB.hastoC.hadbetter D.hadto()5.—WhataboutgoingtoseeTheRedSorghumtonight?—________Tobehonest,I'mveryinterestedinMoYan'sworks.A.Sowhat?B.Forgetit!C.Notreally.D.That'sgreat!()6.—Ican’trememberthewords