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Lecture14:MessageAuthenticationProtocolsSchoolofSoftwareEngineering,CQUFall,2021AnIntroductionto

InformationSecurity2

2023/10/29AnIntroductiontoInformationSecurityQuicklyReviewReviewofSecurityServicesMessageAuthentication(鑒別)MessageAuthenticationCode(MAC)CryptographicHashFunctionRequirementsofHashFunctionMD5SHALecture113

2023/10/29AnIntroductiontoInformationSecurityMoreApplicationofHashFunctionPasswordProtectionUserTableId1,user1,pass1Id2,user2,pass2Id3,user3,pass3Id4,user4,pass4….,…….,…...Server4

2023/10/29AnIntroductiontoInformationSecurityMoreApplicationofHashFunctionPasswordProtectionServerHash(password)張山123456UserTableId1,user1,#@&?Id2,user2,*&|!%Id3,user3,$^~}.Id4,user4,%*!；….,…….,…...5

2023/10/29AnIntroductiontoInformationSecurityContents3.PrettyGoodPrivacy2.AuthenticationProtocols1.DigitalSignature6

2023/10/29AnIntroductiontoInformationSecurityLocationsSlidesp7-15aretalkingaboutdigitalsignatureissuewhichcanbefoundinsection13.1ofthetextbook7

2023/10/29AnIntroductiontoInformationSecurity1.DigitalSignatureAdigitalsignatureordigitalsignatureschemeisamathematicalschemefordemonstratingtheauthenticity(真實(shí)性)

ofadigitalmessageordocument.Avaliddigitalsignaturegivesarecipientreasontobelievethatthemessagewascreatedbyaknownsender,andthatitwasnotalteredintransit.Digitalsignaturesarecommonlyusedforsoftwaredistribution,financialtransactions,andinothercaseswhereitisimportanttodetectmodification.8

2023/10/29AnIntroductiontoInformationSecurity1.DigitalSignatureRequirementsofDigitalSignatureSchemeVerifytheauthor,dateandtimeofthesignatureAuthenticatethecontentsatthetimeofsignatureBeverifiablebythirdpartiestoresolvedisputesSoasto:ThesignaturemustbeabitpatternthatdependsonthemessagebeingsignedUseuniqueinformationofsendertopreventbothforgeryanddenialEasytobeproduced,recognized,andverifiedInfeasibletoforge(偽造)adigitalsignaturePracticalforstorage9

2023/10/29AnIntroductiontoInformationSecurity1.DigitalSignature10

2023/10/29AnIntroductiontoInformationSecurity1.DigitalSignatureAdigitalsignatureneedsapublic-keysystem.Thesignersignswithherprivatekey;theverifierverifieswiththesigner’spublickey.Note11

2023/10/29AnIntroductiontoInformationSecurity1.DigitalSignatureSigningthedigest12

2023/10/29AnIntroductiontoInformationSecurity1.DigitalSignatureDigitalSignatureprovidesecurityservicesas:MessageAuthenticationMessageIntegrityNon-repudiationConfidentiality13

2023/10/29AnIntroductiontoInformationSecurity1.DigitalSignatureRSADigitalSignatureSchemeMHashRSAMMRSAHashabInternet14

2023/10/29AnIntroductiontoInformationSecurity1.DigitalSignatureDSS:DigitalSignatureStandardsMHSigsMsMVerHrr’InternetkRandomNumberrr15

2023/10/29AnIntroductiontoInformationSecurityContents3.PrettyGoodPrivacy2.AuthenticationProtocols1.DigitalSignature16

2023/10/29AnIntroductiontoInformationSecurityLocationsSlidesp18-21aretalkingaboutAuthenticationProtocolsissuewhichcanbefoundinsection14.1ofthetextbook17

2023/10/29AnIntroductiontoInformationSecurity2.AuthenticationProtocolsKerberos:OverviewKerberos(pronounced/k??rb?r?s/)isacomputernetworkauthenticationprotocol,whichallowsnodescommunicatingoveranon-securenetworktoprovetheiridentitytooneanotherinasecuremanner.ItisalsoasuiteoffreesoftwarepublishedbyMITthatimplementsthisprotocolMITdevelopedKerberostoprotectnetworkservicesprovidedbyProjectAthenaSeveralversionsoftheprotocolexist;versions1-3occurredonlyinternallyatMIT.version4waspublishedinthelate1980sversion5appearedasRFC1510in199318

2023/10/29AnIntroductiontoInformationSecurity2.AuthenticationProtocolsKerberosv4C:ClientAS:AuthenticationServerTGS:TicketGrantingServerV:ApplicationServer123456IDc||IDtgs||TS1E(KAS,C,(KC,TGS||IDTGS||IDtgs||TS2||Lifetime2||TicketTGS19

2023/10/29AnIntroductiontoInformationSecurity2.AuthenticationProtocolsKerberos:RealmsAfull-serviceKerberosenvironmentconsistingof

aKerberosserver

anumberofclients

anumberofapplicationserversThisKerberosenvironmentrequiresthat

theKerberosservermusthavetheuser’sID&user’spassword

theKerberosservermustshareasecretkeywitheachserver.Suchanenvironmentisreferredtoasarealm20

2023/10/29AnIntroductiontoInformationSecurity2.AuthenticationProtocolsX.509X.509isanITU-T(國(guó)際電信聯(lián)盟)standardforapublickeyinfrastructure(公鑰根底設(shè)施)(PKI)forsinglesign-on(SSO)andPrivilege(權(quán)益)ManagementInfrastructure(PMI).X.509specifies,amongstotherthings,standardformatsforpublickeycertificates(證書),certificaterevocation(撤回)lists,attributecertificates,andacertificationpathvalidation(確認(rèn))algorithm.FordetailsofX.509,pleaserefertoSection14.2orwikipedia21

2023/10/29AnIntroductiontoInformationSecurityContents3.PrettyGoodPrivacy2.AuthenticationProtocols1.DigitalSignature22

2023/10/29AnIntroductiontoInformationSecurityLocationsSlidesp24-28aretalkingaboutPGP

issuewhichcanbefoundinsection15.1ofthetextbook23

2023/10/29AnIntroductiontoInformationSecurity3.PrettyGoodPrivacyPrettyGoodPrivacy(PGP)isacomputerprogramthatprovidescryptographicprivacyandauthentication.PGPisoftenusedforsigning,encryptinganddecryptinge-mailstoincreasethesecurityofe-mailcommunications.ItwascreatedbyPhilipZimmermannin1991.PGPandothersimilarproductsfollowtheOpenPGPstandard(RFC4880)forencryptinganddecryptingdata.PhilipZimmerman24

2023/10/29AnIntroductiontoInformationSecurity3.PrettyGoodPrivacyAuthenticationusingPGPMSHA-1RSAMMRSASHA-1Internet25

2023/10/29AnIntroductiontoInformation

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