大學(xué)英語(yǔ)-學(xué)術(shù)英語(yǔ)考試A篇重點(diǎn)句子

A篇重點(diǎn)句子Unit1textA1、Althoughthereareprobablyafewdoctorswhotrulyaretone-deaf,mostarereasonablyempathichumanbeings,andIwonderwhyeventhesedoctorsseempreytothiscriticism.雖然可能會(huì)有那么幾個(gè)醫(yī)生確實(shí)充耳不聞，但是大多數(shù)醫(yī)生通情達(dá)理，還是能夠感同身受的人。我就納悶為什么竟然這些醫(yī)生似乎成為批評(píng)的犧牲品。2、Sometimesitfeelsasthoughmybrainisjugglingsomanycompetingdetails,thatonestrayrequestfromapatient—evenonethatisquiterelevant—mightsendthedelicatelybalancedthree-ringcircustumblingdown.如果病人冷不丁提個(gè)要求，即使所提要求十分中肯，也會(huì)讓我那小心翼翼維系平衡的大腦亂作一團(tuán)，就像井然有序同時(shí)演出三臺(tái)節(jié)目的大馬戲場(chǎng)突然崩塌一樣。3、Fromherprospective,thisisprobablythemostimportantiteminourvisit,butthefactisthatshe’scaughtoneofmyneuronsinmid-fire.從她的角度來(lái)看，這可能是她此次就診最要緊的事。但事實(shí)是，她卻讓我的神經(jīng)緊張起來(lái)。4、Myinstinctistoputonehandupandkeepallinterruptionsatbay.我的本能反應(yīng)是舉起一只手，阻止她打斷我的思路。5、Mychoiceseemtoboildowntoentertainingfewerthoughts,acceptingdecreasedaccuracyforeachthought,givinguponthoughdocumentation,orhaveaconstantheadachefromneuronoverload.我的選擇似乎歸結(jié)為馬馬虎虎少應(yīng)付幾個(gè)想法，并接受降低每一個(gè)想法的精準(zhǔn)度，放棄事無(wú)巨細(xì)全面記錄，要不然就要常常承受因神經(jīng)過(guò)載而導(dǎo)致的頭痛。6、HerearethoughtsthatrunthroughmyheadasIproceedthroughour20-minconsultation.以下是整個(gè)20分鐘看病的過(guò)程中我腦海中閃過(guò)的念頭。7、Doesthebenefitofpossiblebetterbloodpressurecontroloutweightheriskofherpossiblynottakingallofhermeds?更好地控制血壓的益處和她可能什么藥都不吃帶來(lái)的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)孰重孰輕？8、WhatifoneofmythoughtsevaporateswhileIadressanotherconcern?當(dāng)我在處理一件關(guān)心的事情時(shí)另外一個(gè)念頭轉(zhuǎn)瞬即逝怎么辦？9、Ihavetokeeplookingtowardthescreentogetherlabresults,checkhermammogramreport,documenttheprogressofherillness,orderthetests,refillherprescriptions.我不得不一直伸長(zhǎng)脖子，盯著屏幕，找尋她的實(shí)驗(yàn)室結(jié)果、查看她的乳房X線(xiàn)檢查報(bào)告、記錄她的各種病情的進(jìn)展、安排各種檢測(cè)、給她補(bǔ)開(kāi)處方等等。10、Aninnocentandcompletelyjustifiedrequest,butIfeelthatcouldbethestrawthatbreaksthecamel’sback,thattheprecariousbalanceofallthatIamkeepingintheairwillbesimplyunhinged.這是個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單并且完全合乎情理的請(qǐng)求，但我覺(jué)得這可能是壓垮我的最后那根稻草，因?yàn)槲倚⌒囊硪肀３值倪@種毫不設(shè)防的平衡會(huì)被完全打亂。11、IfIdoagoodjobjuggling98%ofthetime,thatstillleavestenthoughtsthatmightgetlostintheprocess.即使98％的時(shí)間里我能應(yīng)對(duì)自如，仍有10個(gè)想法在整個(gè)過(guò)程中不知所蹤。12、Mostdoctorsarereasonablycompetent,caringindividuals,buttheoverwhelmingswirlofthoughtsthatwemustkeeptrackofleavesmanyofusinaperpetualpanicthatsomethingseriousmightslip.大多數(shù)醫(yī)生是稱(chēng)職的，是富有愛(ài)心的人。但是醫(yī)生要時(shí)刻注意的想法像漩渦一樣，來(lái)勢(shì)兇猛，讓許多醫(yī)生永遠(yuǎn)處于恐慌之中，生怕遺漏什么大事。13、Anyoneofthoselostthoughtscouldtranslateintoadisastrousoutcome,nottomentionapossiblelawsuit.這些不知所蹤的想法中的任何一個(gè)都可能轉(zhuǎn)化為一個(gè)災(zāi)難性的結(jié)局，更別提可能還要吃官司。Unit2textA1、Everyreturningconditionmarchestothebeatofadifferentdrum.每種回歸疾病的回歸步調(diào)各有不同。2、TBalsohitchedarideontheHIVwagonbyattackingtheimmunocompromised–anemergingdiseasethathelpingreignite([ri??g'na?t]死灰復(fù)燃)anoldone.結(jié)核病也搭了HIV的順風(fēng)車(chē)，借機(jī)攻擊免疫力已經(jīng)受損者：一種新病就這樣幫助一種舊病復(fù)燃Vaccinationpracticesarealsoattheheartofthepertussisandthediphtheriathreats.預(yù)防接種措施也是應(yīng)付百日咳和白喉威脅的核心Fluchangesitscoat，apowerfulnewstrainofflusweepstheworld同樣，流感也改變了外衣，一種強(qiáng)大的新型流感菌株席卷全球5、ThediphtheriasituationintheformerSovietUnioninvolvesamoreseriousdiseasecombinedwithacrumbling(['kr?mbli?]破碎的)publichealthinfrastructure;Organizedvaccinationeffortsareinshambles.在前蘇聯(lián)，白喉的情況更加嚴(yán)峻，加之公共衛(wèi)生基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施搖搖欲墜；有組織的疫苗接種工作一團(tuán)糟。6、Thatkindofreadinesscankeepfutureheadlinesfreeofnewsofworldwidepandemics.Thepriceoflibertyfrominfectiousdisease,asformostfreedom,iseternalvigilance.有了這樣的充分準(zhǔn)備，將來(lái)再也見(jiàn)不到世界大流行病的新聞報(bào)道。和大多數(shù)自由一樣，免受傳染病的困擾也需要代價(jià)，即永遠(yuǎn)保持警惕。7、AIDSaccountsforslightlymorethanhalfofthatjump,butotherconditions,especiallyrespiratoryinfection,alsocontributedsignificantly.艾滋是疾病跳躍式增長(zhǎng)占比一般以上的因素，但是，其他的一些情況，尤其是呼吸道感染，也貢獻(xiàn)良多。8、Everyoneintheinfection-diseasefieldsfearsthedaywhenapowerfulnewstrainofflusweepstheworld."thewarhasbeenwon,"onescientistrecentlyquipped."bytheotherside".傳染病領(lǐng)域的很多人都擔(dān)心一波新的流感病毒席卷全球。戰(zhàn)役勝利了，一個(gè)科學(xué)家最近調(diào)侃，但獲勝的是另一方。9、wearriveattherealizationthatworldhealthisindivisible,thatwecannotsatisfyourmostparochialneedswithoutattendingtothehealthconditionsoftheglobe.我們達(dá)成了這樣一個(gè)共識(shí)，那就是全球健康是不可分割的，我們不可能去滿(mǎn)足大多數(shù)國(guó)家自身的需求而不去關(guān)注全球的健康狀況10、withourhelp,strainsofTBhavealsodevelopedduringresistance;incompletecoursesofantibiotictherapyallowthehardiestbugstosurviveanddevelopnew,morepowerfullineages.在我們的幫助之下，結(jié)核菌株又逐漸發(fā)展出耐藥性；抗菌過(guò)程的不徹底也讓新的更強(qiáng)的菌株存活下來(lái)并得以發(fā)展11、Alarger-scalegeneticshiftcouldalsomakethevirussomethinglikenewwineinnewbottles.大范圍的基因漂變讓病毒看起來(lái)像新瓶裝新酒。12、ifapowerfulnewfluarisesandthosepublichealthmeasuresarenotinplacequicklyenough,myriadpeoplemaybecomeverysick,withtheelderlyandinfirmfightingfortheirlives.如果一種強(qiáng)有力的新流感出現(xiàn)，但公共健康措施遲遲沒(méi)有就位的話(huà)，大量的人會(huì)患嚴(yán)重的疾病，這些人只能衰老虛弱的為命運(yùn)抗?fàn)?3、aslightlywarmerclimatecombinedwithdeterioratingcitiescouldalsoenablevariousdiseasesthatseemexotictodaytocomeback.稍微溫暖的氣候加上惡化的城市狀況也能導(dǎo)致在今天看起來(lái)像是舶來(lái)品的各種疾病的回歸14、Inhispreviousposition,Morsewasoneoftheearliestvoicesraisingawarenessabouttheseconditions；hisobjectiveatColumbiaistoestablishacenterforemergingandre-emergingdiseases,bringingtogetherallappropriatedisciplinesandcoordinatingwithothercentersinternationally.他干以前工作的時(shí)候，他是最早發(fā)聲提高對(duì)這些狀況意識(shí)的人，他在哥倫比亞的目標(biāo)是建立一個(gè)新現(xiàn)和重現(xiàn)疾病中心，將所有的適當(dāng)學(xué)科綜合在一起，并與全球其他中心展開(kāi)合作。Unit3textA1、Ibeganmyownstudyoftheliterature,readingarticleafterarticleonPubMed，theseedsfortoday’sclinicalcarewerelaidyears,sometimesdecadesearlierinthebasicscienceliterature.Ihopedtofindamagicbulletthatwouldhaltmyworseningdisability.我開(kāi)始研究文獻(xiàn)，一篇篇閱讀PubMed上的文章，我心里明白當(dāng)今臨床治療萌發(fā)于數(shù)年或數(shù)十年前的基礎(chǔ)科學(xué)文獻(xiàn)所撒的種子。我希望能找到阻止我日益惡化殘疾的魔彈。Ilovedthesurgeofadrenaline（[?'dren?l?n]）thatcamewiththecontrolledcombatoftournament.我酷愛(ài)參加各種循環(huán)比賽時(shí)，在點(diǎn)到為止的格斗中腎上腺素飆升的激情3、WhenIdevelopedthefootdrop,thediagnosiswasmade:multiplesclerosis.出現(xiàn)足下垂后，我最終被確診罹患多發(fā)性硬化癥。（para3）4、Mydoctorsaidthatgeneticsaccountedforonly10to30%oftheriskofMS;therestwasduetosomecombinationofunknownenvironmentalfactors.HenevertoldmewhatIcoulddotoaddressthoseunknownfactors,onlyofferinginterferonandcopolymer-1toreducetheriskofrelapse.Hesaidthatfewerrelapseswouldmeanlessdisability,agreaterchancethatI’dstillbewalking,working,andlivingmylifeasIonceknewittenyearslater.（para4）我的醫(yī)生指出，導(dǎo)致多發(fā)性硬化癥的危險(xiǎn)因素中，遺傳因素只占10%到30%，其余是各種未知的環(huán)境因素。他沒(méi)有告訴我如何應(yīng)對(duì)這些未知因素，僅僅開(kāi)了降低復(fù)發(fā)的干擾素和共聚物-1。他說(shuō)復(fù)發(fā)越少，致殘程度越低，再過(guò)10年，我還能如那時(shí)一樣行走自如、工作有效、生活無(wú)妨，這種可能性會(huì)大增。5、Itwasincreasinglyapparentthat,withtime,becomingbedriddenduetomyillnesswasinevitable.(para.5)隨著時(shí)間的流逝，因病臥床不起不可避免，這越來(lái)越明顯。6、Ihadonlytwooptions:accommodationandacceptanceofdeepeningdisabilitydespiteoptimaltreatment,orincreasedinvolvementinmyownhealthcare.（para.6）我只有兩個(gè)選擇：要么調(diào)節(jié)心態(tài)，接受現(xiàn)實(shí)，即雖然接受最佳治療，但是殘疾日劇，要么更為積極主動(dòng)，自己應(yīng)對(duì)健康狀況。7、Eventually,realizingIcouldnotaccessthosedrugsunlessIwasinaclinicaltrial,Iturnedtoarticlesconcerningneurodegenerationofalltypes—dementia,Parkinson’sdisease,Huntington’s,andLouGehrig’sdisease.（para.8）最終，我意識(shí)到除非參加臨床試驗(yàn)，否則不可能得到這類(lèi)藥物。我轉(zhuǎn)而開(kāi)始研究各種神經(jīng)退行性疾病的相關(guān)文章，包括癡呆、帕金森癥、亨廷頓舞蹈癥和路?蓋里格氏病。8、However,althoughmydeclinehadslowed,Iwasstilldeclining.(para.9)但是，惡化雖然變緩，但是惡化沒(méi)有停止。9、IfeltthebestI’dfeltinyears.Mytherapistimplementedaprogramofe-stimcoupledwithdailyexercise.（para.12）我已多年沒(méi)有如此美妙的感覺(jué)。我的理療醫(yī)生給我實(shí)施了電刺激結(jié)合日常鍛煉的治療方案。10、Asgoodasthearticlewas,itdidnotlistallofthebuildingblocksneededforoptimalbrainhealth.（para.13）這篇文章雖然非常優(yōu)秀，但沒(méi)有羅列大腦健康需要的所有物質(zhì)。11、Themedicalliteraturedidn’thavethatinformation,nordidtheregistereddieticianswithwhomIconsulted,nordidIseeitinthefoodscienceliterature.IturnedeventuallytoGoogle,whichdidhelpme,nutrientbynutrient,tounderstandwherevariousmicronutrientsIwastakingbypilleachdaywerelocatedinthefoodsupply.（para.14）醫(yī)學(xué)文獻(xiàn)中沒(méi)有相關(guān)資料，我咨詢(xún)的注冊(cè)營(yíng)養(yǎng)師也不清楚，查閱的食品科學(xué)文獻(xiàn)也一無(wú)所獲。最終，我求助于Google搜索，還真有幫助。我對(duì)營(yíng)養(yǎng)物質(zhì)逐個(gè)查詢(xún)，了解哪些食物含有我每天服用的微量營(yíng)養(yǎng)素。Unit4textA1、Ongoingresearcharoundtheworldonacupuncture,herbs,massageandTaiChihaveshedlightonsomeofthetheoriesandpracticesofTCM.全世界有關(guān)針灸、草藥、按摩和太極拳的持續(xù)研究已闡明了中醫(yī)的有些理論和實(shí)踐。2、EvidencederivedfromvigorousresearchdesignaswellaspatientdemandarefuelingthemergerofTCMwithmodernmedicineattheclinicallevel.雄心勃勃的研究設(shè)計(jì)提供的證據(jù)和巨大的患者需求正在推動(dòng)傳統(tǒng)中醫(yī)和現(xiàn)代醫(yī)學(xué)在臨床層面的結(jié)合。3、FutureclinicaltrialsthattestacupuncturewithintheframeworkoftraditionalChinesemedicinearelikelytoprovideamoreappropriateandclinicallymeaningfulassessmentofacupunctureefficacythanthecurrentgenerationofclinicaltrialswhichuseadiagnosisframedprimarilyinbiomedicalterms.未來(lái)在傳統(tǒng)中醫(yī)架構(gòu)下進(jìn)行的針刺臨床試驗(yàn)與當(dāng)前這一代主要從生物醫(yī)學(xué)的角度對(duì)針刺療效進(jìn)行評(píng)判的臨床試驗(yàn)相比，可能對(duì)針刺的療效提供更恰當(dāng)更有臨床意義的評(píng)估。4、Unlikedrugs,acupunctureismoreakintosurgeryandphysicaltherapyintermsoftherapeuticmodalities.就治療形態(tài)而言，針刺不同于藥物，而更接近于手術(shù)和理療。5、Forthetimebeing,evidencebasedonlargecaseseriesshouldbeconsideredindeterminingrecommendationsforclinicalpracticewhileevidencederivedfrommorevigorousresearchdesignsisbeingcarriedout.目前，人們正在通過(guò)進(jìn)行嚴(yán)格研究設(shè)計(jì)取得證據(jù)，與此同時(shí)，在確立臨床實(shí)踐建議時(shí)也應(yīng)該考慮進(jìn)行大型病例系列分析得來(lái)的證據(jù)。6、ClinicalresearchmethodologistsshouldtakethetheoreticalconstructandclinicalapproachofTCMintoconsiderationwhendesigningtrials.在設(shè)計(jì)這些試驗(yàn)時(shí)，臨床研究的設(shè)計(jì)者應(yīng)該考慮到中醫(yī)理論框架和臨床方法。7、Researchdesignssuchasrandomizedcontrolledtrials26haveadvantagesanddisadvantagesindeterminingtheefficacyofanytherapeuticintervention,andcanbecarriedoutforbotanicals,asseenbyastudyonherbalformulasforirritablebowelsyndrome.隨機(jī)對(duì)照試驗(yàn)等研究設(shè)計(jì)在確定治療療效時(shí)既有優(yōu)點(diǎn)又有缺點(diǎn)，可用于植物藥材的研究，一項(xiàng)用草藥配方治療腸道易激綜合癥的臨床研究已經(jīng)證明了這一點(diǎn)。8、Also,therearesituationswhenneitherRCTsnordatabaseanalysesseparatelycananswerthequestionofinterestduetodifferentpopulationsbeingusedinthevariouskindsofstudies.而且，由于不同研究所針對(duì)的人群不同，所以有些情況下不管是隨機(jī)對(duì)照試驗(yàn)還是數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)分析均無(wú)法獨(dú)立對(duì)相應(yīng)的問(wèn)題給出答案。9、Itisessentialthatresearchersandpractitionersbeeducatedinbothtraditionalandwesternmedicinesinordertoperformresearchappropriatelyandtreatpatientseffectively.為了適當(dāng)開(kāi)展研究并有效治療患者，研究者和從業(yè)者必須同時(shí)接受傳統(tǒng)醫(yī)學(xué)和西方醫(yī)學(xué)教育，這十分必要。Unit5textA1、Healthisamulti-dimensional([da?'m?n??nl],空間的)experienceofbody,mindandspirit.Whenwefeeldis-easeinourlives,wetendtobecomeimbalancedandillnessmightquicklysetin.健康是身體、心靈和精神的多維體驗(yàn)。當(dāng)我們感到不適時(shí)，我們的身體平衡會(huì)被打亂，疾病就會(huì)迅速來(lái)襲。2、However,somepeoplegothroughlifeonautomaticpilot.然而，一些人對(duì)生命/活并未投入很多思考。3、Tobetrulywell,weshouldpushpastpreviousphysicalandemotionallimitssothatwecouldfeelmorebalancedandhealthy.為了達(dá)到真正的良好狀態(tài)，我們應(yīng)當(dāng)突破以往身體及情緒上的局限，以便我們能夠感到更加平衡和健康。4、Healthypeoplehaveacertainzipintheirgaitandawarmfeelingofpeaceintheirheartthatcanbeseenthroughtheirbehavior.健康的人步態(tài)矯健，舉手投足間可見(jiàn)其心態(tài)溫情平和。5、Acertainwayofdescribingortalkingaboutsomethingthatismeanttoinfluenceotherpeople'sopinionofit某種描述或談?wù)撌虑榈姆绞?，目的是影響他人的觀點(diǎn)。6、People’smindsareinfectedbyspin--acontagionofhalf-truths,fearfulfictions,andblatantdeceit.半真半假、可怕的杜撰以及公然的欺騙毒害著人們的頭腦。7、Spinoccurswhenweliveunconsciously,pushedandpulledinsomanydirectionsthattheyloseagripofourinnerandouterrealities.當(dāng)我們無(wú)意識(shí)生活的時(shí)候，思想最容易被左右。我們被到處牽引，無(wú)法把握內(nèi)心世界與外部現(xiàn)實(shí)。Expertsandcharlatansalikestepuptodazzlethehopeful.專(zhuān)家和騙子一一粉墨登場(chǎng)，使出渾身解數(shù)來(lái)征服滿(mǎn)懷希望的人們。9、Spin-doctoredillusionsshowuponeveryfrontinsocietyandthemedia.人為操縱的虛假幻像出現(xiàn)在社會(huì)和媒體的方方面面。10、Theyworklonghoursandscheduleourtimetothehilt我們這些人工作時(shí)間長(zhǎng)，時(shí)間安排的滿(mǎn)滿(mǎn)當(dāng)當(dāng)。11、Wesacrificeourconnectionwithourbodiesanditsall-knowingvoicebyrunningoveritsvitalsignalswithbadhabits.”注：Runover:knockdownanddriveoverorgoover(someoneorsomething)我們養(yǎng)成了壞習(xí)慣，忽略了自己與身體的聯(lián)系，以及無(wú)所不知的身體所發(fā)出的重要信號(hào)Theseloopscontributetolimiting,self-defeating,andevenself-destructivebehaviorsthatunderminesourwell-beingandkeepsusfromachievingourfullpotential.這種生活模式終將導(dǎo)致自我限制、自暴自棄，甚至自我毀滅的行為，損害我們的健康，讓我們無(wú)法充分發(fā)掘潛能。13、Likemostingrainedemotional,psychological,andbehavioralpatterns,spintrapsrepeatandproducethesameoldpatternsoverandoveruntiltheyarerecognized,healed,andchanged.像大多數(shù)積習(xí)已深的情緒、心理以及行為模式，人為操縱的陷阱會(huì)一次次地重復(fù)同一個(gè)舊的模式，直到它們被覺(jué)察、被糾正和被改變。14、Insteadofplayingfull-out,webegintoplayitsafe,orplaynottolose.注：Full-out:madeordonewithasmucheffortaspossiblePlay(it)safe:tobecareful;toavoidrisks我們凡事不會(huì)全力以赴，而是處處明哲保身，即事事確保不輸。Mostoftheissuesthatwefaceinlife,betheyphysicaloremotional,haveourrootsandresolutionindifferentdimensions.生活中我們面臨的多數(shù)問(wèn)題，無(wú)論是身體上的還是情感上的，其根源或解決方法都是多方位的。16、Onetinydecisioncanmakeeverythingcometogetherorcomeapart.注：Cometogether:formagroupComeapart:breakintopartsorpieces一個(gè)微小的決定可以讓一切聚合或崩裂.17、Someofushaverobusthealthandfragileemotions.Othershaverobustemotionsandfragilehealth.Stillothershaveamixtureofthetwo,dependingonthetimeinourlivesandexperiences.Wemustgettoknowourbodies,understandourminds,andembraceourspiritualpaths.我們中的一些人身體強(qiáng)健而情感脆弱，另一些則情感強(qiáng)韌而身體脆弱。視生活階段和人生經(jīng)歷不同，還有一些人則會(huì)兩種情形兼而有之。我們必須了解我們的身體，理解我們的思想，擁抱我們的精神之路。18、Wellnessisnotagoalbutaprocess,ajourney,andawayofreorientingourlives.健康不是目標(biāo)而是一個(gè)過(guò)程，一段旅程，一種重塑生活的方式。19、Weshouldtakethetimetofeelouremotionsandtendtoourspiritaswell.注：Tendto:giveyourattentiontoandtakecareof我們應(yīng)該不吝時(shí)間來(lái)感受我們的情感，關(guān)愛(ài)我們的心靈。20、Onewayforustoawakenistoexaminesomeoftheblockagestowellnessinourbodiesthatarekeepingusemotionallyandpsychologicallystuckandinpain.保持清醒的方法之一便是檢查身體中阻滯健康，使我們情感不暢、心理添堵、身體痛苦的因素。Thedifficultyisthatrepressedemotionscangetstuckinourbodycausinganxiety,depression,andotherphysicalmanifestations,suchasheartdisease,astiffneckorworse.可問(wèn)題是被壓抑的情緒會(huì)在身體里淤積，從而導(dǎo)致焦慮、抑郁以及其他身體不適，比如心臟病，脖子發(fā)僵或者其它更嚴(yán)重的問(wèn)題。Asweacknowledgetheemotionsandfeelingsthatweareafraidof,wewillfindthatlifewillthrowusfeweragitations.Thisisbecauseoncetherepressedemotionshavebeenattendedto,theyaredisempowered.Thenthingsseemtogetbetterallaround.當(dāng)我們認(rèn)真面對(duì)我們所害怕的情緒或感受時(shí)，我們會(huì)發(fā)覺(jué)生活中會(huì)少了很多忐忑不安。這是因?yàn)橐坏┍粔阂值那榫w得以排解，它就會(huì)變得無(wú)足輕重，而后一切峰回路轉(zhuǎn)，似乎都好了起來(lái)。Beforethiscanhappen,however,wemustgetintouchwithourgenuinefeelingsandemotions.Unlesswedoso,wewon’tbeabletoreleaseourbottledupemotions.”然而于此之前，我們必須坦誠(chéng)面對(duì)我們真情實(shí)感，否則我們無(wú)以釋放被壓抑的情緒。24、Wehavetocometotermswiththetoxicemotionsbeforewecanmoveforward.Unfinishedbusinessdoesn’tgoawayeither.Itonlygetslouderandmorepressingastimegoeson.注：cometotermswith:learnhowtoacceptorlivewithsomethingthatisdifficultorpainful我們的身體必須先化解那些有害情緒才能繼續(xù)前行。未竟之事也不會(huì)自行消失，隨著時(shí)間的推移，只會(huì)越發(fā)突出和緊要。25、Ifweareresistanttoanger,theworldwillgiveusreasonstobeangry.Ifwearerepulsedbyourfeelingsofweaknessorsadness,theworldwillraindownreasonsforustobesaduntilwecrackopenandfeelthesadness.Whatweresistusuallypersists.如果我們抵制憤怒，世界終究會(huì)有原因使我們憤怒。如果我們厭惡自己軟弱或憂(yōu)愁的情緒，世界就會(huì)如雨傾盆，給出種種理由讓?xiě)n思萌發(fā)，讓我們嘗盡憂(yōu)愁。我們抵制的事物通常會(huì)固守留存。Unit6textA

1、Georgeandthoseclosesttohimhadpreviouslydecidedthat,nomatterwhat,thedoctorshouldtrytodoeverythingmedicallypossibletoextendGeorge’slife.喬治和他最親的人一致決定無(wú)論發(fā)生什么都接受醫(yī)生采取任何可以延長(zhǎng)他生命的醫(yī)療措施。2、But,plansforend-of-lifecarecanbearrangedaheadoftime,sothatwhenthetimecomes,carecanbeprovidedasneededwithoutfirstconsultingadoctor.但是臨床關(guān)懷的計(jì)劃都已經(jīng)提前安排妥當(dāng)了，所以特定時(shí)間的護(hù)理措施可以在不必咨詢(xún)的醫(yī)生情況下直接執(zhí)行。3、Doctorscanprovidetreatmenttoseriouslyillpatientsinthehopesofacureforaslongaspossible.醫(yī)生可以為仍有治愈可能的病重病人提供醫(yī)療服務(wù)。4、Or,thepalliativecarecouldcontinue,withincreasingemphasisoncomfortcareandlessfocusonmedicaltreatmentaimedatacure.或者，仍繼續(xù)采取姑息性治療手段，但將治療的重點(diǎn)從治愈疾病轉(zhuǎn)移到了使患者舒適這一方面。5、Thepatientbeginninghospicecareunderstandsthathisorherillnessisnotrespondingtomedicalattemptstocureitortoslowthedisease’sprogress.接受姑息性治療的患者們都已經(jīng)明白，他們的病情已經(jīng)嚴(yán)重到?jīng)]有治愈甚至緩解進(jìn)展的可能了。Unit7textA1、Hewaslargeandpowerfullybuiltbutneverseemedtoloomoverhispatients,miraculouslyshrinkingdowntotheireyelevelwheneverhespokewiththem.他是那種有感染力的人，不僅是因?yàn)樗呐R床經(jīng)驗(yàn)，更是因?yàn)樗麑?duì)病人的專(zhuān)注。他身軀健碩有力，但他似乎從來(lái)不給病人居高臨下的感覺(jué)，每當(dāng)和病人說(shuō)話(huà)時(shí)，他會(huì)出人意料地縮身下蹲，與病人平視。2、Withtime,autonomywouldmeanlettingpatientsmaketheirowndecision;andthatinterpretationwouldworkitswayintotheteachingprogramsofmedicalschoolsandintostatelawsthatmandateddiscussionoftreatmentoptionswithpatients.”隨著時(shí)間的推移，自主權(quán)將意味著讓病人自己做決定。而且，這一詮釋也漸漸進(jìn)入醫(yī)學(xué)院校的課程，也被寫(xiě)入聯(lián)邦法律中，因?yàn)榉梢?guī)定在治療方式的選擇上醫(yī)生必須與病人進(jìn)行討論。3、Forthenext40years,youngdoctors,myselfincluded,wouldbetrainedtorestrainourselvesfrommakinganythingbutemergencyormundanedecisionsforpatients.在接下來(lái)的40年里，要培養(yǎng)年輕的醫(yī)生(我也包括在內(nèi))，除非是急診或者一些無(wú)足輕重的決定之外，我們要約束自己，不要越俎代庖，代替病人做任何決定。4、Thechallengesappeartoarisenotwhenthemedicalchoicesareobvious,butwhenthebestoptionforapatientisuncertain.在接下來(lái)的40年里，要培養(yǎng)年輕的醫(yī)生(我也包括在內(nèi))，除非是急診或者一些無(wú)足輕重的決定。5、Thechallengesappeartoarisenotwhendoctorspasstheburdenofdecision-makingtoapatientorfamily,itcanexacerbateanalreadystressfulsituation.”很顯然，在治療選擇顯而易見(jiàn)時(shí)并非難題，但如果病人的最佳醫(yī)療手段不明確時(shí)則對(duì)病人及家屬構(gòu)成了挑戰(zhàn)。6、Patientsandtheirfamiliesalsooftendon’trealizethattheirdoctorsmaybegrapplingwiththeirownsetofworries.Somewillresorttoveilingtheirownopinionsinahalfheartedattempttodirectthedecision.Whilethedoctorsmightbeconvincedthattheyarebeingobjectiveanddispassionate,moreoftenthannottheyaresendingmixedmessages.一些醫(yī)生會(huì)隱藏自己意見(jiàn)，以一種隱晦的方式指導(dǎo)病人做決定。病人及其家屬也經(jīng)常意識(shí)不到，他們的醫(yī)生也許正為自己的事憂(yōu)心忡忡。雖然醫(yī)生堅(jiān)信自己是客觀的和不帶感情色彩的，但他們發(fā)出的多半都是利弊參半的信息。7、Fordoctors,then,thekeytopreservingpatientautonomy--andpatient-centeredcare--liesnotinlettingpatientsmakethefinaldecisionsalonebutinrespectingtheiropinionsandshoulderingtheresponsibilitytogether.那么對(duì)醫(yī)生而言，保護(hù)病人自主權(quán)，亦即以病人為中心的醫(yī)護(hù)理念的關(guān)鍵不在于是否讓病人獨(dú)自做決定，而在于尊重他們的意見(jiàn)并和他們共同負(fù)起責(zé)任。8、Iadmit,myself,willbemoremindfulofwhetherpatientswantthemtoshareinformation,bedirectiveorhandovertheresponsibilityofthedecision.誠(chéng)然還有我自己在內(nèi)的年輕醫(yī)生就需要對(duì)下面的問(wèn)題更加深思熟慮：病人是否希望與醫(yī)生分享治療信息、是否需要醫(yī)生提供指導(dǎo)性意見(jiàn)、是否希望醫(yī)生把做決定的責(zé)任移交給病人。9、Wehavetostopsubjectingthemtothelonelinessandburdenofautonomyandinsteadbeginstandinginthatcirclewiththem.我們不要逼著他們走向孤獨(dú)的境地，讓他們背負(fù)自主權(quán)的負(fù)擔(dān)。相反，我們要跳進(jìn)那個(gè)圈,他們并肩戰(zhàn)斗，對(duì)抗疾病10、Hewaslargeandpowerfullybuiltbutneverseemedtoloomoverhispatients,miraculouslyshrinkingdowntotheireyelevelwheneverhespokewiththem.他身軀健碩有力，但他似乎從來(lái)不給病人居高臨下的感覺(jué)，每當(dāng)和病人說(shuō)話(huà)時(shí)，他會(huì)出人意料地縮身下蹲，與病人平視。11、Helistenedintentlytoeverydetailoftheirtravailsandalwaysendedthevisitsbyaskingiftheystillhadanyunansweredquestions.他會(huì)認(rèn)真地傾聽(tīng)病人敘述病痛的每一個(gè)細(xì)節(jié)，每次問(wèn)診結(jié)束之前，總會(huì)詢(xún)問(wèn)病人是否還有他沒(méi)解釋到的問(wèn)題。12、Thewaydoctorsandpatientsapproachmedicaldecisionshaschangedsharplyoverthelast50years.醫(yī)生和病人做醫(yī)療決定的方式在過(guò)去的50年里發(fā)生了巨大的變化.13、thatpaternalisticdecision-makingprocessbegantochangeinthelate1960sand1970s,asmovementscallingforpatientempowermentgrewandmedicalethicistsbeganarticulatingprinciplesregardingtheethicalcareofpatients.但是這種家長(zhǎng)式的決策模式在上世紀(jì)60年代末和70年代開(kāi)始發(fā)生改變。要求病人授權(quán)的呼聲越來(lái)越高，而且醫(yī)學(xué)倫理學(xué)家也開(kāi)始闡述病人倫理關(guān)懷的相關(guān)原則。14、Adoctormay,foraxample,tellrelativesthatitistheirchoicetowithdrawlifesupportfromadyingpatient.Butthatdoctormayalsousevalue-ladenlanguagetodescribetheoptions.Onealternativemaybedescribedtothefamilyas“reasonable”or“comforting,”whiletheotherisdepictedas“invasive,”“aggressive”or“painful.”例如，醫(yī)生會(huì)告訴家屬，是否從臨終病人身上撤掉生命支持系統(tǒng)是他們的自主選擇。但是醫(yī)生也會(huì)使用具有價(jià)值取向的語(yǔ)言來(lái)描述這些選項(xiàng)。醫(yī)生會(huì)把一個(gè)選項(xiàng)向親屬描述為“合情合理的”或者“舒服的”，而另外一個(gè)則是“有侵害性的”、“積極的”或“痛苦的”。Unit8textA1、Itisimportanttodistinguishbetweenbiomedicalandbehavioralresearch,ontheonehand,andthepracticeofacceptedtherapyontheother,inordertoknowwhatacti