徑山寺風(fēng)景區(qū)遺產(chǎn)保護(hù)中空間布局研究

JournalofLandscapeResearch/景觀研究2009，1(10):94 Responsibleeditor:ZhuMiaoResponsibletranslator:LiStudyontheSpaceLayoutofLandscapeHeritagesinJingshanTempleScenicAreaJIANGJian*，WANGprotectionandutilizationofitsouterspaceintermsofcarding，transition，andintensifying，andmadeanexplorationonthecharacteristicsofspaceKeywordsHangzhoulandscapeheritage;Spacelayout;JingShanTemple;ProtectionandTownofYuhangDistrictofHangzhouCity．BelongingtotheTian-yearofTianBaoinTangDynasty(742)．AndintheseventhyearofShaoxinginSouthernSongDynasty(1137)，theBuddhistmonkZONGGaomadethetempleflourishing，andJingshanTemplewasentitledtobethefirstofthetenfamoustemplesand．a(chǎn)o，YongleBellofMingDynasty，andIronIncenseBurnerofAnalysisonthehistoricalandcurrentsituationofJingshanTempleScenicAreaReceived:August5，2009 Accepted:November27，2009(2112008029)．*Correspondingauthor．Email:gaaxg16．

t．ful，andclearly［2］．Fromahistoricalpointofview，manytemplert．TemplereflectstheBuddhismrequirementsoftemplegardens．Themainbuildingsarearrangedinthefoothillsofthe．houterenviron-mentalarrangementaremade．Themonuments，pavilions，andcarvedstonesarebuiltinaccordancewiththeroadsinor-dertoformthelandscaperhythmandsystemconnection．Thetemplearchitecturesandthenaturalenvironmentarefullyinte-gratedtogether．Currently，JingshanTempleonlykeepsthemainfeaturesoftemplegarden(Fig．1)．JingshanVillageislocatede．thisvillagearedistributedinribbonswhichareparalleltothetemplevrt．TheancientJingshanroadwhichhasoldtraditionalvillagesandnaturaltis．Thevillageaspects．Becauseoftheadverseeffectsoftravelling，thehexitbetweenthemodernlivingrequirementsandtheprotectionofmaterialculturalheritages．Inthetransformationningandsharpeningcontradiction，howtomakethe functionalsystemonthebasisofinheritingtheoriginalhistoricalFig．1 ThedrawingofJingshanMountaininQingDynasty(copiedfromYuhangCountyAnnals)AnalysisandresearchontheouterTheconstructionoftraditionalChinesevillagesalwayspaytionprocessmustbelinkedtothewholespatialenvironmentin-thenaturalenvironmentcouldbemadetobeauniqueorganiccr］tionmethodcanadapttothecomplexnaturalterrain，savecount．Relativetothetemple，villagesmostlypayattentiontort．whichwaythetemplebecomesanimportantcomponentofthejustthereverse．Thescenicheritagetempleshavebeeninthisthescenicspotsshouldseekforthenewplanningideasandofvillagesonthebasisofthetraditionalvillages'spatiallayoutordertocreateamountainousvillageenvironmentwiththeJingshanlocalreligiouscharacteristics．Thevillagecouldsatisfy

materialrequirementssuchaslivingandtravellingandmeettherp．phereofthetemplegardenvirt．Intheprocessofutilizationandreconstructionofthescenicerspacearesummarized． Boththetemplegardenandthevillageenvi-ronmenthavetheirownrism．Alltheelementsareinareasonableandcomprehensivetm．Andthesystematicarenotremarkable，anditshowsamessystateonthesettlements，theplanninganddesignmakesasystematicalbody．Therelation-shipoftheplaceandthenaturallandscapeissortedoutwiththetempleenvironmentasitscoreandthevillageasitssec-ondarycore．theconflictsbetweentemplesandvillages，makeaproperchangetothevillagebuildingsinordertounifythearchitecturalstyle，andmakeanoverallplanningtotheinfrastructurefacili-inordertomeetthematerialandfunctionalrirts．Themaincontentsincludethefollowingthreeaspects．①Elevationshadingmeasurementssuchasboundingwallsandplantstoreducethedissonanceoftheoverallvirt．Thismethod②Stylechange:theoverallstyleofsomepartsismade，inclu-isverynecessarytomakeastyleconversion．Thebuildingwoodendoorsandwindows，mountainplinths，farmcourtyardsastheirlocalfeaturesandstyles．Andtheconstructionoffarmhousesshouldbeconsistentwiththegreenfarmhousesstand-Demolishment:somebuildingsshouldbedemolished，suchasandabandonedfarmttts．Thespecificapproachisto centralizedwatersupply(Fig．2)．tm．Greenspacesystemismainlyconstitutedbythegreenisthebasicstructureofgreenspacetm．Thelow-lyingalongtheriveredge，whichconstitutesthevillage's"greenfo-cus"．Thismethodcaneffectivelyimprovetheecologicalenviron-t．body，a"greenline"issetupalongthevillage's"travellingax-scapeenvironmentwiththetea-bamboo-Buddhismfeatures．TransitionandstabilityTheshortageofcoordinationandvillageenvironmentisthemostprominentrm．There-space，andthemainmeasuresareasfollows．a(chǎn)sinthejunctionoftemplesandvillages，andtoformthetran-tiveoffunctionalsense，thetransitionalareacouldbeusedasvillagesandthetls．sitionallinearspace．ThemeasurementsmainlyincludetheprocessingoftheXiangRoadandthetreatmentofthegreenanimportantroleinhighlightingthespecialcharacteristicsandclearingthets．2．2．3Theexternalspaceofthescenicbuildingsgroupformsofwaterandthemountainousenvironment，thecorrespondingseasonalchangesaremadetotheouterbambooandteagar-thesethreeaspectsandachievearelativebalanceamongthesethreeaspects．IntensifyingTheprotectionandutilizationofthe

scapeheritagemustpayfullattentiontothetransformationandrehabilitationofitsexternalenvironmentonthebasisofthepro-tectionofhistoricalandculturalheritage．Thetransformationprotectionandplanning，theoriginalspiritshouldbeconsideredtobethefundamentwhichcangiveanewcontentandanewsystematicstructure．Andtheprotectionofhistoricalheritageheritageinthecontinuousevolvementandvlt．2．3．1Tostrengthentheaxisandsequence．Anextensionandthecorrespondingtransformationmeasurementsaremadetotheexistingtemplespatialaxis．Itisnecessarytoincreasespatialpatternwithedgesdivergent，andtostrengthentheenvironmen］．Inaddition，itisalsoveryessentialtointensifytempleenvironmentandvillagevirt．Thereby，spiritualimageisintensified．Fromtheperspectiveoffunctionalmentsoftravellingdispatchingandvillagers'leisureentertain-t．Themainmeasureisthe"Northwest-Southeast"culturalparalleltotheculturalaxis，thetravellingaxiscontainsthefesti-othertravellingfacilities．Beingperpendiculartotheculturalaxisroundthesquareandbuildthetourism-relatedshoppingstreets．Andthelandscapeaxisisgoingtobuildfestivalgreenspaces(Fig．3)．2．3．2 Torepaireachlandscapepointonthebasisofthethehistoricalsites．Thepartswhichneedgreatrepairmostlyin-e．Thisrepairfocusesontheintegrationofmoderncul-tureandancientculture，anditmainlypaysattentiontothere-spacesoastointensifytheteaculturecharacteristicscombinedancientroad，inordertoconnectwiththefrontsquareofJings- roadcouldbeformed，whichcanreflecttheaccumulationof ancientvillagecultureandthehistoricaltempleFig． Theplanningofarchitecture Fig．3Theaxisandgreenlandarebeneficialtodispersethetemplecapacitypressure．Inaddi-tiontobeingthespiritualcore，templesalsogreatlyenrichtheculturalandlandscapecharacteristicsofvillages．ThevillagesandtemplesmutuallypromoteeachothertodeveloptowardstransitionandintensifyingareinterrelatedandnalsMHangzhou:ZhejiangPeople’sPublishingHouse，1990．(inChinese)．［2］ZHAOH．GardenenvironmentofChinesetemple．Beijing:ChinaTravelandTourismPress7．(inChinese)．sttt．

Press4．p．a(chǎn)rchitectur．6．(inChinese)．．Provinc．search，2009，1(8):913．［7］ZHAOB．Analysisonlandscapedesignoffamousscenic(14):465466479．(inChinese)．［10］HUANGJH，JIANGC．DesignandplanforJiajigrasshallbeau89．(inChinese)［11］LIZ．ApplicationofGISspatialanalysisfunctionsintheplanningofences，2008，36(36):306309．(inChinese)．徑山寺風(fēng)景區(qū)風(fēng)景遺產(chǎn)保護(hù)中的空間布局研究徑山主山區(qū)位于杭州余杭區(qū)長(zhǎng)樂(lè)鎮(zhèn)徑山屬浙西天目山山脈是浙江沿海平原向西北丘陵的過(guò)渡帶自宋至清為江南游覽名山之一。徑山寺的主體建筑布置于群山環(huán)繞的山麓之中。余各部分建筑充分利用地形特征散置于山林之中。主體建筑按照中軸線建造。寺廟的外部環(huán)境布置依主軸線展開(kāi)。各碑亭石

刻依道而建形成線條的強(qiáng)弱變化和系統(tǒng)的連接。大殿鐘樓和部分石刻等遺跡(圖見(jiàn)第95Fig1)徑山村位于寺廟東南部山坳之中。建筑平行于等高線呈帶狀分布。總體上與寺廟環(huán)境有所穿插徑山古道穿越村落，古道兩側(cè)有古樹(shù)并留有徑山茶廠等歷史建筑空間布局上體現(xiàn)了傳統(tǒng)村落與自然山體的有機(jī)結(jié)合。村落以物質(zhì)空間為主要載體它的空間布局過(guò)多地強(qiáng)化了其物質(zhì)方面的因素受旅游因素的不良影響建筑盲目拆建的現(xiàn)象比較嚴(yán)重在一定程度上破壞了原有 村落是后來(lái)逐漸形成的。因此創(chuàng)造出具有徑山本土宗教特色的山地村落環(huán)境。在功能上滿足居住和旅游等物質(zhì)上的要求。利用的過(guò)程中。梳理現(xiàn)雜亂的狀態(tài)。規(guī)劃在依據(jù)原有的山地聚落特征的基礎(chǔ)之上對(duì)其建筑道路和植被水體等要素進(jìn)行系統(tǒng)的梳理。以寺廟環(huán)境為核心。2．1．1拆除影響景觀與功能的建筑。①立面改造:對(duì)建筑立面材質(zhì)進(jìn)行改造增加圍擋或植物遮擋等手段消減和環(huán)境之間的不和諧感適用于景觀敏感度較低區(qū)域的建筑主要針對(duì)組團(tuán)農(nóng)居進(jìn)行。②風(fēng)格轉(zhuǎn)換:對(duì)屋頂門(mén)窗勒腳庭院等進(jìn)行整體的風(fēng)格轉(zhuǎn)換適合開(kāi)展休閑旅游的需要需進(jìn)行風(fēng)格轉(zhuǎn)換。建筑高度為2～3層以瓦屋頂木門(mén)窗應(yīng)符合新農(nóng)村建設(shè)綠色農(nóng)居標(biāo)準(zhǔn)在景觀上是旅游建筑和農(nóng)居建筑的過(guò)渡。③拆除:少量嚴(yán)重影響景觀交通的構(gòu)筑物違章建筑應(yīng)予以拆除。山茶廠建筑現(xiàn)有廣場(chǎng)周邊雜亂商業(yè)建筑改建為統(tǒng)一的旅游商業(yè)街。拆除山道兩側(cè)竹木小屋統(tǒng)一安排到旅游商業(yè)街。拆除改為集中供水(圖見(jiàn)第頁(yè)ig．2:建筑風(fēng)貌規(guī)劃)。2．1．2。綠地系統(tǒng)主要由村，并緣溪向上延伸綠心開(kāi)展休閑旅游活動(dòng)。以徑山古道為主體，依托現(xiàn)有古樹(shù)旅游軸綠脈形成美觀旅游商業(yè)街。

計(jì)是解決寺廟和村落矛盾最重要的部分。①去除影響協(xié)調(diào)的旅游建筑在寺廟與村莊連接處建廣場(chǎng)和公共綠地形成寺廟空間與村落居住空間的過(guò)渡空間。功能上作為集散和休閑場(chǎng)地同時(shí)也構(gòu)成了村莊和寺廟的入口區(qū)域。②以廣場(chǎng)的塊狀過(guò)渡空間為中心向東西兩側(cè)延伸形成線性的過(guò)渡空間。主要包括香道的處理和徑山古道兩側(cè)綠地的織補(bǔ)和強(qiáng)化。③風(fēng)景區(qū)建筑群體外圍形成向自然過(guò)渡的空間。結(jié)合水系和山體環(huán)境的梳理對(duì)外圍竹林及茶園進(jìn)行相應(yīng)的季相改造。種植具有村落特色和禪院特色的種植群落構(gòu)成更為合理的詩(shī)意空間。從而構(gòu)成內(nèi)核連接和外環(huán)的3。2．32．3．1強(qiáng)化軸線和序列。西北東南旅游商業(yè)街度假村等旅游設(shè)施的旅游軸垂直于人文軸和旅游軸從寺廟后山寺廟到慶典廣場(chǎng)村口公園的風(fēng)景軸。旅游軸要拆遷廣場(chǎng)周邊建筑建成旅游商業(yè)街。風(fēng)景軸要建設(shè)慶典廣場(chǎng)村口公園放生池水面及相關(guān)路橋和綠地(圖見(jiàn)第7頁(yè)ig．3:)。2．3．2結(jié)合遺跡對(duì)各個(gè)節(jié)點(diǎn)進(jìn)行織補(bǔ)主要織補(bǔ)的節(jié)點(diǎn)在徑山古道和徑山寺的禪道兩側(cè)。主要側(cè)重于對(duì)禪茶文化的織補(bǔ)。如對(duì)茶廠進(jìn)行改造結(jié)合茶園構(gòu)成商業(yè)和旅游休閑空間強(qiáng)化茶文化的特色對(duì)神道進(jìn)行織補(bǔ)與徑山寺前廣場(chǎng)連接強(qiáng)化禪茶文化的特色同時(shí)滿足人們拜佛商品的商業(yè)需求。對(duì)古道的線性空間進(jìn)行強(qiáng)化保護(hù)兩側(cè)古樹(shù)同時(shí)增加相應(yīng)的小節(jié)點(diǎn)使古道兩側(cè)形成不同的穿插空間形成空間序列體?；痦?xiàng)目浙江林學(xué)院研究生創(chuàng)新基金