農(nóng)林英語 課件 Unit 6 Landscape Architecture

Unit6LandscapeArchitectureUNIT6LandscapeArchitectureWarmingUpIntensiveReadingExtensiveReadingPracticalReadingComparativeReadingFurtherReadingBytheendofthisunit,you’llbeableto:definelandscapearchitectureandtalkaboutitscontentandsignificance?saywhatgreenroofsare,andtalkabouttheirtrendsandbenefits?outlinegeneralsafetyprecautionsforlandscapeworkers?describethedesignartofClassicalGardensinSuzhou?translateEnglishexpressionsintoChineseidioms?discusslandscapearchitectureissuesLearningObjectiveTaskHerearesomeoftheworld’smosticoniclandscapedesigns.Matchthepictureswiththeirnames.()thegardensofVersailles(France)()CentralPark(theUnitedStates)()KewGardens(theUnitedKingdom)()SummerPalace(China)WarmingUpABCDFrederickLawOlmsted,best-knownforhisdesignofCentralParkinNewYorkCity,haslongbeenacknowledgedasthefounderofAmericanlandscapearchitecture.Beforethat,theprofessioncanbetracedbacktothegreatEuropeanlandscapedesigners,suchasLancelotBrown,whoplannedthelandscapesofmanyofEngland’sgreatestatesinthe18thcentury,andAndréLeN?tre,designerofthegreatgardensofVersaillesoutsideParisinthe17thcentury.OtherexamplesfromancienttimesincludetheHangingGardensofBabylonandtheGreatPyramidsofEgypt.譯IntensiveReadingLandscapearchitectureFrederickLawOlmsted,best-knownforhisdesignofCentralParkinNewYorkCity,haslongbeenacknowledgedasthefounderofAmericanlandscapearchitecture.Beforethat,theprofessioncanbetracedbacktothegreatEuropeanlandscapedesigners,suchasLancelotBrown,whoplannedthelandscapesofmanyofEngland’sgreatestatesinthe18thcentury,andAndréLeN?tre,designerofthegreatgardensofVersaillesoutsideParisinthe17thcentury.OtherexamplesfromancienttimesincludetheHangingGardensofBabylonandtheGreatPyramidsofEgypt.譯IntensiveReadingSustainableforestryLandscapearchitectureLandscapearchitectscandealwithawiderangeoflandscapesfromurbantoruralspaces,highwaystoparks,mountaintopstobeaches.Theyplan,designandmanagespacestohelpfindthebestsolutionstoimprovehealthandwelfare,integratingphysical,social,economicandculturalfactorsintotheirdecision-making.Somelandscapearchitectsworkonavarietyoftypesprojects.Othersspecializeinaparticulararea,suchascampuses,shoppingcenters,residentialareasandindustrialparks.Othersstillworkonnaturalresourcemanagement,environmentalimpact,coststudiesandsoon.Increasingly,landscapearchitectsplayaroleinenvironmentalremediationsuchaspreservingandrestoringwetlandsormanagingstormwaterrun-off.譯IntensiveReadingSustainableforestryLandscapearchitectureLandscapearchitectureisanimportantenterprisebecauseithasitsfocusoncreativityanddesign,makestheworldmorelivableandprotectstheenvironment.Today,landscapedevelopmentisslowlyshiftingitsfocusawayfrompartiallyaccommodatingtofullyembracinglocalecosystems.Byincorporatingsustainablepractices,landscapearchitectsareworkingtopromotethenature-drivendesignofspace,technologically-enhancedexperiencesoftheoutdoorsandtimelessenvironmentsthatpeopledesireforwell-being.譯IntensiveReadingSustainableforestryLandscapearchitecture

Wordsnurture

v.培育，養(yǎng)護(hù)multidisciplinary

adj.

含有多種專業(yè)（學(xué)科）的botany

n.植物學(xué)horticulture

n.園藝（學(xué)）psychology

n.心理學(xué)dedicationn.奉獻(xiàn)，全身心投入remediationn.環(huán)境治理creativity

n.創(chuàng)造性，獨創(chuàng)性，創(chuàng)造力accommodate

v.適應(yīng)，順應(yīng)IntensiveReading

Expressionsbeacknowledgedas被認(rèn)為是tracesthbacktosth將某事物追溯到……builtandnaturalenvironments人造環(huán)境和自然環(huán)境fineart藝術(shù)，美術(shù)achieveabalance取得平衡IntensiveReadingspecializein專攻residentialarea居住區(qū)industrialpark工業(yè)園stormwaterrun-off暴雨徑流shiftsthaway把某事物轉(zhuǎn)移開1Whatislandscapearchitecture?2

Whatprinciplesdoeslandscapearchitecturefollow?IntensiveReadingLandscapearchitectureisdefinedbytheAmericanSocietyofLandscapeArchitects(ASLA)asaprofessionincluding“theplanning,design,managementandnurturingofthebuiltandnaturalenvironments”.Dedicationtopublicwell-beingandprotectionofthelandanditsresources.ReadingcomprehensionTask1

Readthetextandanswerthefollowingquestions.3

Whatdisciplinesdoeslandscapearchitecturemainlyinvolve?4Whatdoesalandscapearchitectdo?5What

objectivesarelandscapearchitectstryingtoachievenowadays?IntensiveReadingThemaindisciplineswithinlandscapearchitecturearelandscapedesign,landscapeplanning,landscapemanagementandurbandesign.Landscapearchitectscandealwithawiderangeoflandscapesfromurbantoruralspaces,highwaystoparks,mountaintopstobeaches.Theyplan,designandmanagespacestohelpfindthebestsolutionstoimprovehealthandwelfare,integratingphysical,social,economicandculturalfactorsintotheirdecision-making.ReadingcomprehensionTask1

Readthetextandanswerthefollowingquestions.Theyareworkingtopromotethenature-drivendesignofspace,technologically-enhancedexperiencesoftheoutdoorsandtimelessenvironmentsthatpeopledesireforwell-being.VocabularybuildingTask2

Completethesentenceswiththewordsintheboxes.Changetheformwhennecessary.IntensiveReading1Landscapearchitectureisa(n)

fieldwhichinvolvesmanyotherdisciplines.2Duetothe

ofcontaminatedsoil,morecropscanbecultivatedonthisland.3Smartfarmersare

thisnewtechnologyinagricultureandmakingmoremoneywhiledoinglesswork.4TheDepartmentofAgricultureisurgingfarmersto

fromtraditionalfarmingtechniquestomoremoderntechniques.multidisciplinaryshiftremediationembracingVocabularybuildingTask2

Completethesentenceswiththewordsintheboxes.Changetheformwhennecessary.IntensiveReading5Thisawardrecognizeshard-workinglocalfamilieswhoshowadaily

toanimalagricultureandaloveforfarming.6

Itisatop-ratedandfull-servicelandscapingcompanythat

inlandscapedesign,landscapeinstallationandlawncareservices.7TheSummerPalaceisahistoricimperialgardenthat

tothetasteofbothancientandmodernpeople.dedicationspecializesincorporatesVocabularybuildingTask2

Completethesentenceswiththewordsintheboxes.Changetheformwhennecessary.IntensiveReading8

Itisessentialto

thegardenintothelandscapeandthelandscapeintothegarden.9Alotoflandscapearchitectureshowcases

,uniquenessandaestheticappeal.10Urbanbiodiversityisa(n)

importantfactorinourfightagainstthethreatofclimatechange.integratecreativityincreasinglyIntensiveReading

1ecologyAthescientificstudyofplants2architecture3geography4horticulture5fineart6botanyB

thepracticeorscienceofgrowingflowers,fruit,andvegetablesC

theartandpracticeofplanninganddesigningbuildingsD

asubfieldofpsychologythatdealswithhowpeopleinteractandengagewiththeirsurroundingsE

thestudyofthecountries,oceans,rivers,mountains,citiesetc.oftheworldF

thescientificstudyofthewayinwhichplants,animals,andpeoplearerelatedtoeachotherandtotheirenvironmentG

formsofart,especiallypaintingsorsculpturethatareproducedandadmiredfortheirbeautyandhighqualityTask3

Matchthetermswiththeirdefinitions.Refertothedictionarywhennecessary.7environmentalpsychologyDiscussionTask4Task4Whatisyourfavoritespotoncampus?Arethereanyeyesoresoncampus?Whydoyoulikeordislikethem?Shareyourthoughtswithyourpartner.Task5Designathree-hectareparkinyourcity.Sketchadrawingofyourparkandshareyourdesignconceptswithyourgroupmembers.IntensiveReading課IntensiveReading弗雷德里克?勞?奧姆斯特德因設(shè)計紐約市中央公園而聞名，長期以來一直被認(rèn)為是美國風(fēng)景園林的創(chuàng)始人。再往前，這一職業(yè)可以追溯到一些著名的歐洲景觀設(shè)計師，如18世紀(jì)英國許多大莊園的景觀設(shè)計師蘭斯洛特?布朗，以及17世紀(jì)巴黎郊外凡爾賽宮大花園的設(shè)計師安德烈?勒諾特爾。還有來自古代的設(shè)計案例，包括古巴比倫空中花園和古埃及金字塔。

風(fēng)景園林課IntensiveReading美國風(fēng)景園林設(shè)計師協(xié)會（ASLA）將風(fēng)景園林定義為一門“對人造環(huán)境和自然環(huán)境進(jìn)行規(guī)劃、設(shè)計、管理和培育養(yǎng)護(hù)”的專業(yè)。它是一個跨學(xué)科的專業(yè)領(lǐng)域，包括植物學(xué)、園藝學(xué)、美術(shù)學(xué)、建筑學(xué)、工業(yè)設(shè)計、土壤學(xué)、環(huán)境心理學(xué)、地理學(xué)和生態(tài)學(xué)這些學(xué)科的諸多方面。風(fēng)景園林建立在致力于公共福祉和保護(hù)土地及其資源的原則之上，將科學(xué)與藝術(shù)相結(jié)合，以達(dá)到人造環(huán)境與自然環(huán)境之間的平衡。風(fēng)景園林的主要學(xué)科包括景觀設(shè)計、景觀規(guī)劃、景觀管理和城市設(shè)計。風(fēng)景園林課IntensiveReading風(fēng)景園林設(shè)計師的工作涉及不同類型的景觀設(shè)計，無論是城市或鄉(xiāng)村、公路或公園、山頂或海灘。他們規(guī)劃、設(shè)計、管理各種空間，并將自然因素、社會因素、經(jīng)濟(jì)因素和文化因素融入決策，以期找到最佳設(shè)計方案，改善人類健康與福祉。部分風(fēng)景園林設(shè)計師從事不同類型的項目。部分則專攻某一特定領(lǐng)域，比如校園、購物中心、居住區(qū)和工業(yè)園區(qū)等。還有一部分從事自然資源管理、環(huán)境影響評估、成本研究等工作。如今，風(fēng)景園林設(shè)計師在環(huán)境治理工作中正發(fā)揮著越來越重要的作用，比如濕地的保護(hù)和恢復(fù)、以及暴雨徑流的管理。風(fēng)景園林課IntensiveReading風(fēng)景園林是一項舉足輕重的事業(yè)，因為它始終關(guān)注創(chuàng)意和設(shè)計，讓世界更宜居，并保護(hù)環(huán)境。如今，風(fēng)景園林開發(fā)正慢慢將重點從部分適應(yīng)轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)橥耆谌氘?dāng)?shù)厣鷳B(tài)系統(tǒng)。通過結(jié)合可持續(xù)的實踐，風(fēng)景園林設(shè)計師正致力于促進(jìn)自然驅(qū)動型的空間設(shè)計、技術(shù)增強(qiáng)的戶外體驗和能滿足人類福祉的永恒環(huán)境。風(fēng)景園林Greenroofs譯ExtensiveReadingAstheworld’spopulationcontinuestogrowandenvironmentalconcernsincrease,moreandmorecitiesarelookingforoutdoorspacesthatarebothbeautifulandsustainable.That’swhygreenroofsaregaininginpopularityinmanycountriestoday.Whatisagreenroof?Agreenroof,alsoknownasaroofgardenoralivingroof,isavegetativelayergrownovera

waterproofing

systemontherooftopofabuilding.TypesofgreenroofsTherearetwomaintypesofgreenroofs—extensiveandintensive.Extensivegreenroofstendtohaveanattractivelowlayerofvegetationconsistingofgrass,mossorwildflowersthatcanadapttoextremeclimates.Intensivegreenroofs,ontheotherhand,aremorecomplex.Theyaredesignedtosupportlargerplantssuchasbushesandsmalltreesaswellasawidervarietyofplants.BenefitsofgreenroofsGreenroofscanprovideawiderangeofpublicandprivatebenefitsaslistedbelow.?ReducingenergyconsumptionGreenroofsremoveheatfromtheairthroughtheprocessofevapotranspirationandalsoactasinsulatorsforbuildings,reducingtheenergyneededtosupportcoolingandheating.?ImprovingairqualityTheroofvegetationcanremovepollutantsandgreenhousegasemissionsfromairduetothephotosynthesisprocess.Byloweringair-conditioningdemand,greenroofscanalsodecreasetheassociatedairpollutioncausedbyconventionalenergy.ExtensiveReading譯GreenroofsExtensiveReading?Greenroofscanreducestormwaterrun-offbyholdingwaterwithintheroofstructureanddelayingtherun-offtime.?ProtectingbiodiversityandhabitatGreenroofsprovidenewurbanhabitatforplantsandanimalslikebirdsandinsects,therebyincreasingbiodiversityandimprovinghumaninteractionwithnature.?BeautifyingtheenvironmentAsidefromtheirsustainableaspects,greenroofscanalsobeabeautifuladditiontobuildings.譯GreenroofsExtensiveReadingDespitethemanybenefitsofgreenroofs,amajorobstacleistheinitialexpense.Installationcostsofgreenroofsareroughlytwotothreetimeshigherthannon-greenroofs.Yettheinvestmentinagreenroofmaypayforitselfovertimeduetothevastsavingsonheatingandcoolingbills.Nowmanycities,recognizingtheoveralllong-termpositiveimpactsofgreenroofsontheenvironment,theecosystemandthewell-beingofindividuals,areofferingmanyincentivestoencouragetheinstallationofgreenroofs.Ifthistrendcontinues,wemightseeabetterenvironmentinourcities.譯Greenroofs

Wordswaterproofing

n.防水moss

n.蘚，苔蘚insulatorn.

隔熱材料delay

v.推遲beautifyv.使美麗，美化obstaclen.障礙，阻礙，妨礙incentiven.鼓勵，刺激ExtensiveReading

Expressionsextensivegreenroof粗放型綠化屋頂intensivegreenroof密集型綠化屋頂greenhousegasemissions溫室氣體排放量conventionalenergy傳統(tǒng)能源asidefrom除了……外payforitself夠本，收益與成本相當(dāng)ExtensiveReadingReadingcomprehensionTask1Readthetextanddecidewhetherthefollowingstatementsaretrue(T)orfalse(F).ExtensiveReading?1Comparedwithextensivegreenroofs,intensivegreenroofscansupportamorecomplexanddiverseplantselection.?2Greenroofscanreducedemandonairconditioning,cuttingenergycosts.?3Greenroofshelppreventstormwaterfromrunningoffcompletely.?4Greenroofsarenothelpfulinprotectingbiodiversity.?5Theexpenseofinstallingagreenroofisfarmorethanthecostofairconditioninginthelongrun.TTTFFExtensiveReading1Climatechangeisoneofthebiggest

issuescurrentlyconcerningtheworld.(environment)2Increased

inagricultureandfoodsystemsisimportanttoenhancefoodsecurityandnutrition,reducepovertyandadapttoclimatechange.(invest)3Despitethelackofanaturalenvironmentinurbanareas,peopleincitiesseekout

withnatureinsomeform,suchasvisitingalocalgreenspaceorfeedingbackyardbirds.(interact)VocabularybuildingTask2Completethesentenceswiththeproperformofthewordsinbrackets.environmentalinvestmentinteractionExtensiveReadingVocabularybuildingTask2Completethesentenceswiththeproperformofthewordsinbrackets.4People

food,freshwater,wood,mineralsandenergyindailylives.(consumption)5Urbangreeninghaslongbeenpromotedasaneasyandeffectivewayto

thebuiltenvironment.(beautiful)6Agardenbenchcanbeareallyattractive

tothegardenandgivesyouawonderfulplacetorelax.(add)consumebeautifyadditionExtensiveReadingTask3

Completethesentenceswiththeexpressionsintheboxes.Changetheformwhennecessary1Onereasonbackyardchickensare

amonglandownersisthattheyprovidelocallysourcedfoodproducts.2Rainforestsareuniqueand

differentlayersofplantlifethatarehometomanyanimals.3Ruralcommunitieswhorelyheavilyonforestsforeverythingwillfinditdifficultto

climatechangewithoutsignificantoutsidehelp.gaininginpopularityconsistofadapttoExtensiveReadingTask3

Completethesentenceswiththeexpressionsintheboxes.Changetheformwhennecessary4Landscapearchitectsdesignthelandscapeacross

projectsandscales—fromgarden,plazas,parkstotheentireregionallandscape.5

theclassicalChinesegardens,Suzhoualsohasbeautifulscenery.6Whenshrubsandbrushyareasare

anecosystem,therabbitpopulationwilllikelygodown.awiderangeofAsidefromremovedfrom課ExtensiveReading

隨著世界人口的持續(xù)增長和人們對環(huán)境的憂慮不斷加深，越來越多的城市開始尋找既滿足美觀性又滿足可持續(xù)發(fā)展的戶外空間。這就是如今綠化屋頂在許多國家越來越受歡迎的原因。什么是綠化屋頂？綠化屋頂，也被稱為屋頂花園或生機(jī)屋頂，是生長在建筑物屋頂防水系統(tǒng)上的植被層。綠化屋頂?shù)念愋途G化屋頂主要有兩種類型——粗放型和密集型。粗放型綠化屋頂傾向于打造一片由草坪、苔蘚和野花組成的，能夠經(jīng)受極端氣候并且造型美觀的低層植被。而密集型綠化屋頂則更加復(fù)雜，其設(shè)計目標(biāo)是支持較大型的植物生存，比如灌木和小樹，以及更多種類的植物。綠化屋頂課ExtensiveReading綠化屋頂?shù)囊嫣幘G化屋頂可以給公眾和個人帶來諸多益處，如下所列：?降低能源消耗綠化屋頂可以通過蒸散過程去除空氣中的熱量，并且還可以作為建筑物的隔熱材料，從而降低制冷和供暖所需的能源消耗。?提升空氣質(zhì)量屋頂植被可以通過光合作用去除空氣中的污染物和溫室氣體排放物。綠化屋頂還可以通過降低對空調(diào)的需求，減少由傳統(tǒng)能源造成的相關(guān)空氣污染。

綠化屋頂課ExtensiveReading?加強(qiáng)雨水管理綠化屋頂可以通過把雨水鎖在屋頂結(jié)構(gòu)內(nèi)和延遲徑流時間來減少暴雨徑流。?保護(hù)生物多樣性和動植物棲息地綠化屋頂可以為植物和鳥類、昆蟲這樣的動物提供新的城市棲息地，從而增強(qiáng)生物多樣性，改善人類與自然的互動。?美化環(huán)境綠化屋頂除了有可持續(xù)發(fā)展方面的益處，它們本身還會成為建筑物的美麗加持。綠化屋頂課ExtensiveReading

盡管綠化屋頂有諸多的益處，前期的開銷卻是它的一大阻礙。綠化屋頂?shù)陌惭b成本大概是非綠化屋頂?shù)膬傻饺?。然而隨著時間的推移，這些在綠化屋頂上的投資最終能夠回本，因為這樣的屋頂可以節(jié)約大量的供暖和制冷費(fèi)用?，F(xiàn)在，許多城市認(rèn)識到綠化屋頂對環(huán)境、生態(tài)系統(tǒng)和個人福祉總體上有長期積極的作用，正在提供許多激勵措施來鼓勵安裝綠化屋頂。如果這種趨勢繼續(xù)下去的話，我們可能會看到城市環(huán)境越來越好。綠化屋頂GeneralSafety?Tellyoursupervisoraboutanyhealthproblemsyoumayhave(diabetes,allergies,heartproblems,asthmaetc.).Thismaysaveyourlifeifyouareunabletospeak.?Donotsmokewhileonthejobandneverworkundertheinfluenceofalcohol.?Wearappropriatepersonalprotectiveequipment(PPE)foreverytaskperformed.?Protectyourselffromtheharmfuleffectsofthesunandheat.Wearahatandusesunscreen.Drinkplentyofwaterandtakebreaksasneeded.PracticalReadingSafetychecklistsfornewlandscapeworkers

譯?Useproperliftingtechniques.Bendattheknees,placeyourhandsundertheobjectandstraightenyourkneestolift.Gethelpfromco-workerswithheavyobjects.?Beawareofyoursurroundingsandalwayswatchwhereyouputyourhands.?Learntoidentifydangerousplantsandanimals.Donotattempttotouchthem.?Stop,dropandrollifyourclothescatchfire.PracticalReadingSafetychecklistsfornewlandscapeworkers

譯EquipmentSafety?Reviewtheoperator’smanualbeforeusingequipment.?Beawareofstandingwaterwhichcancauseasliporfall.?Pickupobjectssuchasstones,bottles,pineconesandsticks,whichmayinjurepeopleiftheyaredisplacedbyblowers,weedeatersoredgers.?Usetwohandstoholdallequipmentandwrapthumbsandindexfingersaroundthegrip.?Fuelandstartequipmentonlevelground.Letequipmentcooldownbeforerefueling,removethefuelcapslowlyandneveroverfillthetank.PracticalReadingSafetychecklistsfornewlandscapeworkers

譯?Turnoffthemotor,disconnectthesparkplugwireandrestequipmentongroundbeforechangingbladesordoinganyrepairs.?Wearafluorescentsafetyvestandworkfacingthetraffic.?Keephandsandfeetawayfrommotorizedbladesorstrings.?Operateweedeatersclosetotheground.?Maintainasafeworkingdistanceofatleast14mfrompeople,animalsorproperty.?Donotoperatelawnmowersiftherearestrongwinds,thunderstormsorfogsinthearea.PracticalReadingSafetychecklistsfornewlandscapeworkers

譯PracticalReadingWordssupervisorn.主管，指導(dǎo)人diabetes

n.糖尿病allergy

n.過敏性反應(yīng)，過敏癥asthman.哮喘sunscreenn.防曬霜，防曬油straighten

v.（使）變直，把……弄直blowern.鼓風(fēng)機(jī)，吹風(fēng)機(jī)edger

n.修邊機(jī)thumb

n.（手的）拇指grip

n.把手，手柄disconnect

v.（使）分離sparkn.電火花，火星blade

n.刀片，刀身fluorescent

adj.發(fā)亮的motorized

adj.機(jī)動的PracticalReadingundertheinfluenceof受到……的影響catchfire著火standingwater積水pinecone松果Expressionsweedeater除草機(jī)

indexfinger食指

sparkplugwire火花塞高壓線reststhonsth將某物放在……上lawnmower割草機(jī)ReadingcomprehensionTask1Readthetextandanswerthefollowingquestions.PracticalReading1Whyshouldalandscapeworkertellthesupervisoraboutanyhealthproblems?2Whatmeasurescanalandscapeworkertaketoreducetheeffectsofthescorchingsunandheat?Becausethismaysavetheworker’slifeiftheworkerisunabletospeak.Theworkercanwearahatandusesunscreen.Besides,itisalsohelpfultodrinkplentyofwaterandtakeabreakasneeded.ReadingcomprehensionTask1Readthetextandanswerthefollowingquestions.PracticalReading3Whatistheproperwaytoliftanobject?4Whatsafetymeasuresshouldbeborneinmindwhenalandscapeworkerfuelsequipment?5Whatshouldalandscapeworkerdobeforechangingorrepairingblades?Bendattheknees,placehandsundertheobjectandstraightenkneestolift.Gethelpfromco-workerswithheavyobjects.Fuelandstartequipmentonlevelground.Letequipmentcooldownbeforerefueling,removethefuelcapslowlyandneveroverfillthetank.Turnoffthemotor,disconnectthesparkplugwireandrestequipmentongroundbeforechangingblades.VocabularybuildingTask2Completethesentenceswiththewordsintheboxes.Eachwordcanbeusedtwice.Changetheformwhennecessary.PracticalReading1Warmingupshouldersisimportantbefore

aheavyweight.2Astheluggageisheavy,youcanoftentakea

ratherthanusethestairs.3

suchascoal,wood,oilorgasprovidesenergywhenburned.4Onemanispermittedto

thecar;allfuelingmustbecompletedbeforeanyotherserviceoccurs.5Sometransformersthatwereblowndown

localizedfires.liftingliftFuelfuelsparkedVocabularybuildingTask2Completethesentenceswiththewordsintheboxes.Eachwordcanbeusedtwice.Changetheformwhennecessary.PracticalReading6A

fromthemachinerysetfiretosomematerials.7Thereareplentyofgrassyareasforpicnicsandbenchesfortakinga

.8Donotwearlooseclothing,tiebacklonghairandnever

toolsonthegenerator.9Followthisroadtillitmakesasharp

totheright.10Hisarmwassostiffthathecouldn’t

itatall.sparkrestrestbendbend課PracticalReading常規(guī)安全?如有任何健康問題（糖尿病、過敏反應(yīng)、心臟疾病、哮喘等等），要告知主管。如果你喪失了說話的能力，這可能會挽救你的生命。?工作期間禁止吸煙，禁止酒后上崗。?執(zhí)行所有任務(wù)都要穿戴好合適的個人防護(hù)裝備（PPE）。?保護(hù)自己免受太陽和高溫的傷害。戴好帽子，涂好防曬霜。多喝水，及時休息。新入職園林工人安全守則課PracticalReading?使用正確的搬運(yùn)技巧。彎曲膝蓋，雙手置于物體下面，通過伸直膝蓋來抬起物品。搬運(yùn)重物時找同事幫忙。?注意你周圍的環(huán)境，時刻小心你雙手放置的地方。?學(xué)會識別危險植物和動物。不要試圖觸碰它們。?如果你的衣服著火了，立刻停下工作，躺倒，然后原地翻滾。新入職園林工人安全守則課PracticalReading設(shè)備安全?使用設(shè)備前，請查閱操作手冊。?注意積水，可能導(dǎo)致滑倒或跌倒。?撿起石頭、瓶子、松果和棍子這類物品，他們可能會被鼓風(fēng)機(jī)、除草機(jī)或磨邊機(jī)彈開，傷到周圍的人。?用兩只手握住整個設(shè)備，并用拇指和食指包住把手。?在水平地面上加油和啟動設(shè)備。加油前讓設(shè)備冷卻，慢慢取下燃油蓋，切勿將油箱加得太滿。新入職園林工人安全守則課PracticalReading?更換刀片或進(jìn)行任何維修之前，請務(wù)必關(guān)閉發(fā)動機(jī)，斷開火花塞導(dǎo)線并將設(shè)備放置在地面上。?穿著熒光安全背心，面對交通進(jìn)行作業(yè)。?雙手雙腳遠(yuǎn)離機(jī)動刀片和繩索。?操作除草機(jī)時要貼近地面。?與人、動物或財產(chǎn)保持至少14米的安全工作距離。?如果遇到強(qiáng)風(fēng)、雷暴或起霧的天氣，請不要操作割草機(jī)。新入職園林工人安全守則ComparativeReadingBalancePeoplearemostcomfortableinlandscapesthathaveasenseofbalance.Therearetwomajortypesofbalance:symmetricalandasymmetrical.Symmetricalbalanceisusedinformallandscapeswhenonesideofthelandscapeisamirrorimageoftheoppositeside.Thistypeofbalanceappearstoberatherstiffinappearanceandisoftenhighlymaintained.Asymmetricalbalance,alsoknownasinformalbalance,meansthelandscapediffersfromonesidetotheotherandappearstoberelaxingandfree-flowing.Principlesoflandscapedesign平衡原則有平衡感的景觀會讓人感覺非常舒服。平衡主要有兩種類型：對稱平衡和不對稱平衡。對稱平衡用于規(guī)則式景觀設(shè)計，景觀的一側(cè)就是對側(cè)的鏡像。這種平衡看起來相當(dāng)單調(diào)刻板，養(yǎng)護(hù)成本通常很高。不對稱平衡，也稱為非規(guī)則式平衡，指景觀兩側(cè)形態(tài)各異，看起來輕松、流暢。參考譯文ComparativeReadingFocalizationAnygooddesignhasafocalpoint—theplacewheretheviewer’seyeisattractedtoatfirst.Itisthestrongestelementinthedesigninanygivenview.Forexample,ahome’sfocalpointisoftenthefrontdoor.Thelandscapefocalpointisoftensomethingclosetothefrontdoortoenhancetheentranceofthehome.Principlesoflandscapedesign焦點原則任何好的設(shè)計都有一個焦點，即最先奪人眼球的地方。從任一角度來看，焦點都是景觀設(shè)計中最重要的因素。例如，家的焦點通常是正門，那么景觀設(shè)計的焦點通常放在靠近正門的地方，以突出住宅的入口。參考譯文ComparativeReadingSimplicitySimplicityiswhatthenameimplies—simple.Keepinglandscapessimple,notclutteredorfussyisalwaysgoodpractice.Landscapesthatmakepeoplehappyandcomfortableavoidusingtoomanycolors,shapes,curvesandtextures,butinnowaydoesthismeantheyshouldbesimplistic,boringorlackingimagination.譯

我的譯文Principlesoflandscapedesign簡潔原則簡潔，顧名思義就是簡單明了。保持景觀簡單有序而非雜亂無章在實踐中永遠(yuǎn)行之有效。讓人愉悅舒適的景觀會避免使用過多的顏色、形狀、曲線和材質(zhì)，但這絕不意味著單調(diào)、乏味或缺乏想象力。ComparativeReadingRhythmandlineWhensomethinginthelandscapeisrepeatedwithastandardinterval,arhythmisestablished.Anindividualplant,groupsofplants,lampposts,benchesorotherstructurescanberepeatedwithinthedesigntocreatethisrhythm.Lineswithinalandscapearecreatedbytheshapeandformoftheplantingbedsorsidewalks.Therhythmandlinedesignprinciplegivesalandscapeasenseofmovementandiswhatmaydrawyou“into”thelandscape.譯

我的譯文Principlesoflandscapedesign節(jié)奏和線條原則當(dāng)景觀中的某些事物以規(guī)范的間隔重復(fù)出現(xiàn)時，節(jié)奏就建立起來了。在設(shè)計中，單獨的植物、植物群、燈柱、長凳或其他景物都可以通過重復(fù)創(chuàng)造出節(jié)奏。景觀中的線條通過花壇或人行道的形狀和類型而展現(xiàn)出來。節(jié)奏和線條設(shè)計原則賦予景觀以動感，引人入勝。ComparativeReadingUnityTheprincipleofunityiseasilymeasurediftheotherlandscapeprincipleshavebeenproperlyexecutedthroughoutthelandscape.Unityindesignsimplymeansalltheseparatepartsofthelandscapesuchascolors,shapes,sizes,texturesandotherfeaturesworktogethertocreateaunifiedspace.統(tǒng)一性原則在景觀設(shè)計中如果恰當(dāng)運(yùn)用了其他原則，那么統(tǒng)一性原則就很容易衡量了。簡單來說，設(shè)計中的統(tǒng)一性原則意味著景觀中的所有獨立部分，如顏色、形狀、規(guī)格、材質(zhì)和其他特征等，交相輝映，共同創(chuàng)造出一個和諧統(tǒng)一的空間。參考譯文PrinciplesoflandscapedesignTranslationTipsIdiomatictranslation(套譯)isamethodthatreproducesthemessageoftheoriginaltextbyspecificallyutilizingthetargetlanguage’sidioms,colloquialismsandotheridiomaticexpressions.Thismeaning-focusedmethodisoftenusedintranslationswheresyntaxandgrammaticalfidelityarenotstronglyrequired.Ithelpstodelivertheexactmessageinamorenaturalwaythatimprovesthefluencyandauthenticityofthereproducedtext.ComparativeReadingTranslationTipsComparativeReadingbedown-to-earth腳踏實地Whilethereislife,thereishope.留得青山在，不怕沒柴燒。ExampleFurtherReadingBeingprivateestatesoftheancientgentry(貴族)andofficials,theClassicalGardensinSuzhouembodythedesiretoreturntonatureandcultivatethetemperament(性情),andhavealwaysbeenintertwined(緊密相連)withChineseliteratureandtheartoflandscapepainting.Fortho