2018年年12月大學(xué)英語(yǔ)四級(jí)考試真題詳細(xì)解析第三套

./2017年12月大學(xué)英語(yǔ)四級(jí)考試真題<第三套.PartIWriting<25minutes>.Directions：Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteashortessayonhowtobesthandletherelationshipbetweenparentsandchildren.Youshouldwriteatleast120wordsbutnomorethan180words..PartIIListeningComprehension<25minutes>.說明：由于2017年12月四級(jí)考試全國(guó)共考了2套聽力,本套真題聽力與前2套內(nèi)容完全一樣,只是順序不一樣,因此在本套真題中不再重復(fù)出現(xiàn)。.PartIIIReadingComprehension<40minutes>.SectionADirections:Inthissection,thereisapassagewithtenblanks.Youarerequiredtoselectonewordforeachblankfromalistofchoicesgiveninawordbankfollowingthepassage.Readthepassagethroughcarefullybeforemakingyourchoices.Eachchoiceinthebankisidentifiedbyaletter.PleasemarkthecorrespondingletterforeachitemonAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Youmaynotuseanyofthewordsinthebankmorethanonce.Questions26to35arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Weallknowthereexistsagreatvoid<空白>inthepubliceducationalsystemwhenitcomesto26toSTEM<Science,Technology,EngineeringandMathematics>courses.OneeducatornamedDoriRobertsdecidedtodosomethingtochangethissystem.Doritaughthighschoolengineeringfor11years.ShenoticedtherewasarealvoidinqualitySTEMeducationatall27ofthepubliceducationalsystem.Shesaid,"IstartedEngineeringForKids<EFK>afternoticingareallackofmath,scienceandengineeringprogramsto28myownkidsin."Shedecidedtostartanafterschoolprogramwherechildren29inSTEM-basedcompetitions.Theclubgrewquicklyandwhenitreached180membersandthekidsintheprogramwonseveralstate.30,shedecidedtodevoteallhertimetocultivatingand31it.TheglobalbusinessEFKwas.born..DoribeganoperatingEFKoutofherVirginiahome,whichshethenexpandedto3263recreation.2017年12月大學(xué)英語(yǔ)四級(jí)考試真題<第三套.centers.Today,theEFKprogram33over144branchesin32stateswithintheUnitedStates.andin21countries.Saleshavedoubledfrom$5millionin2014to$10millionin2015,with25newbranchesplannedfor2016.TheEFKwebsitestates,"Ournationisnot34enoughengineers.Ourphilosophyistoinspirekidsatayoungagetounderstandthatengineeringisagreat35.".A>attractedB>careerC>championshipsD>degreesE>developingF>enrollG>exposureH>feasibleI>feedingJ>graduatingK>interestL>levelsM>localN>operatesO>participated.SectionBDirections:Inthissection,youaregoingtoreadapassagewithtenstatementsattachedtoit.Eachstatementcontainsinformationgiveninoneoftheparagraphs.Identifytheparagraphfromwhichtheinformationisderived.Youmaychooseaparagraphmorethanonce.Eachparagraphismarkedwithaletter.AnswerthequestionsbymarkingthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2.Whyaren’tyoucuriousaboutwhathappened?A>"YoususpendedRayRiceafterourvideo,areporterfromTMZchallengedNationalFootballLeagueCommissionerRogerGoodelltheotherday."Whydidn’tyouhavethecuriositytogotothecasino<賭場(chǎng)>yourself?"Theimplicationofthequestionisthatamorecuriouscommissionerwouldhavefoundawaytogetthetape..B>Theaccusationofincuriosityisonethatwehearoften,carryingthesuggestionthatthereis.somethingwrongwithnotwantingtosearchoutthetruth.IhavebeenbotheredforalongtimeaboutthecuriouslackofcuriositysaidaDemocraticmemberoftheNewJerseylegislaturebackinJuly,referringtoaninsufficientlyinquiringattitudeonthepartofanassistanttoNewJerseyGovernorChrisChristiewhochosenottoaskhardquestionsabouttheGeorgeWashingtonBridgetrafficscandal."Isn’tthemainstreammediatheleastbitcuriousaboutwhathappened?"wroteconservativewriterJenniferRubinearlierthisyear,referringtotheattackonAmericansinBenghazi,Libya..C>Theimplication,ineachcase,isthatcuriosityisagoodthing,andalackofcuriosityisa64.2017年12月大學(xué)英語(yǔ)四級(jí)考試真題<第三套problem.Aresuchaccusationssimplyeffortstoscorepoliticalpointsforone’sparty?Oristheresomethingofparticularvalueaboutcuriosityinandofitself?D>ThejournalistIanLeslie,inhisnewandenjoyablebookCurious：TheDesiretoKnowandWhyYourFutureDependsonIt,insiststhattheanswertothatlastquestionis‘Yes’.Lesliearguesthatcuriosityisamuch-overlookedhumanvirtue,crucialtooursuccess,andthatwearelosingit..E>Wearesuffering,hewrites,froma"serendipitydeficit."Theword"serendipity"wascoined.byHoraceWalpoleinan1854letter,fromataleofthreeprinceswho"werealwaysmakingdiscoveries,byaccident,ofthingstheywerenotinsearchof."LeslieworriesthattheriseoftheInternet,amongothersocialandtechnologicalchanges,hasreducedourappetiteforaimlessadventures.Nolongerhavewetheinclinationtoletourselveswanderthroughfieldsofknowledge,readytobesurprised.Instead,weseekonlytheinformationwewant..F>Whyisthisaproblem?Becausewithoutcuriositywewilllosethespiritofinnovationand.entrepreneurship.Wewillseeunimaginativegovernmentsanddyingcorporationsmakedisastrousdecisions.Wewillloseavitalpartofwhathasmadehumanityasawholesosuccessfulasaspecies.G>Lesliepresentsconsiderableevidenceforthepropositionthatthesocietyasawholeisgrowinglesscurious.IntheU.S.andEurope,forexample,theriseoftheInternethasledtoadecliningconsumptionofnewsfromoutsidethereader’sborders.Butnoteverythingistobeblamedontechnology.ThedeclineininterestinliteraryfictionisalsooneofthecausesidentifiedbyLeslie.Readingliteraryfiction,hesays,makesusmorecurious.H>Moreover,inordertobecurious,"youhavetobeawareofagapinyourknowledgeinthefirstplace."AlthoughLeslieperhapspaintsabitbroadlyincontendingthatmostofusareunawareofhowmuchwedon’tknow,he’ssurelyrighttopointoutthattheproblemisgrowing:"Googlecangiveusthepowerfulillusionthatallquestionshavedefiniteanswers.".I>Indeed,Google,forwhichLeslieexpressesadmiration,isalsohisfrequentwhippingboy<替.罪羊.HequotesGoogleco-founderLarryPagetotheeffectthatthe"perfectsearchengine"will"understandexactlywhatImeanandgivemebackexactlywhatIwant."Elsewhereinthebook,Lesliewrites:"Googleaimstosaveyoufromthethirstofcuriosityaltogether.".J>Somewhatnostalgically<懷舊地,hequotesJohnMaynardKeynes’sjustlyfamouswordsof.praisetothebookstore："Oneshouldenteritvaguely,almostinadream,andallowwhatisthere65.2017年12月大學(xué)英語(yǔ)四級(jí)考試真題<第三套freelytoattractandinfluencetheeye.Towalktheroundsofthebookshops,dippinginascuriositydictates,shouldbeanafternoon’sentertainment."Ifonly!K>Citingtheworkofpsychologistsandcognitive<認(rèn)知的scientists,Lesliecriticizesthereceivedwisdomthatacademicsuccessistheresultofacombinationofintellectualtalentandhardwork.Curiosity,heargues,isthethirdkeyfactor—andadifficultonetopreserve.Ifnotcultivated,itwillnotsurvive："Childhoodcuriosityisacollaborationbetweenchildandadult.Thesurestwaytokillitistoleaveitalone.".L>Schooleducation,hewarns,isoftenconductedinawaythatmakeschildrenincurious..Childrenofeducatedandupper-middle-classparentsturnouttobefarmorecurious,evenatearlyages,thanchildrenofworkingclassandlowerclassfamilies.Thatlackofcuriosityproducesarelativelackofknowledge,andthelackofknowledgeisdifficultifnotimpossibletocompensateforlateron.M>AlthoughLeslie’sbookisn’taboutpolitics,hedoesn’tentirelyshyawayfromtheproblem.Politicalleaders,likeleadersofotherorganizations,shouldbecurious.Theyshouldaskquestionsatcrucialmoments.Thereareseriousconsequences,hewarns,innotwantingtoknow.N>HepresentsasanexamplethefailureoftheGeorgeW.Bushadministrationtoprepareproperlyfortheafter-effectsoftheinvasionofIraq.AccordingtoLeslie,thosewhoridiculedformerDefenseSecretaryDonaldRumsfeldforhis2002remarkthatwehavetobewaryofthe"unknownunknowns"weremistaken.Rumsfeld’sidea,Lesliewrites,"wasn’tabsurd—itwassmart.’’Headds,"Thetragedyisthathedidn’tfollowhisownadvice."O>AllofwhichbringsusbacktoGoodellandtheChristiecaseandBenghazi.Eachcriticinthoseexamplesischarging,inadifferentway,thatsomeoneinauthorityisintentionallybeingincurious.Ileaveittothereader’spoliticalpreferencetodecidewhich,ifany,chargesshouldstick.Butlet’sbecarefulaboutdemandingcuriosityabouttheotherside’sweaknessesandremainingdeterminedlyincuriousaboutourown.Weshouldbedelightedtopursueknowledgeforitsownsake—evenwhenwhatwefindoutissomethingwedidn’tparticularlywanttoknow.36.Tobecurious,weneedtorealizefirstofallthattherearemanythingswedon'tknow.37.AccordingtoLeslie,curiosityisessentialtoone’ssuccess.38.Weshouldfeelhappywhenwepursueknowledgeforknowledge’ssake.39.Politicalleaders’lackofcuriositywillresultinbadconsequences.66.2017年12月大學(xué)英語(yǔ)四級(jí)考試真題<第三套40.Thereareoftenaccusationsaboutpoliticians’andthemedia’slackofcuriositytofindoutthetruth.41.Thelesscuriousachildis,thelessknowledgethechildmayturnouttohave.42.Itiswidelyacceptedthatacademicaccomplishmentliesinbothintelligenceanddiligence.43.Visitingabookshopascuriosityleadsuscanbeagoodwaytoentertainourselves.44.BoththeriseoftheInternetandreducedappetiteforliteraryfictioncontributetopeople’sdecliningcuriosity.45.Mankindwouldn’tbesoinnovativewithoutcuriosity.SectionCDirections:Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA>,B>,C>andD>.YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.PassageOneQuestions46to50arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Aginghappenstoallofus,andisgenerallythoughtofasanaturalpartoflife.Itwouldseemsillytocallsuchathinga"disease."Ontheotherhand,scientistsareincreasinglylearningthatagingandbiologicalagearetwodifferentthings,andthattheformerisakeyriskfactorforconditionssuchasheartdisease,cancerandmanymore.Inthatlight,agingitselfmightbeseenassomethingtreatable,thewayyouwouldtreathighbloodpressureoravitamindeficiency.BiophysicistAlexZhavoronkovbelievesthatagingshouldbeconsideredadisease.Hesaidthatdescribingagingasadiseasecreatesincentivestodeveloptreatments."Ituntiesthehandsofthepharmaceutical<制藥的>industrysothattheycanbegintreatingthediseaseandnotjustthesideeffects,"hesaid."Rightnow,peoplethinkofagingasnaturalandsomethingyoucan’tcontrol,"hesaid."Inacademiccircles,peopletakeagingresearchasjustaninterestareawheretheycantrytodevelopinterventions.Themedicalcommunityalsotakesagingforgranted,andcandonothingaboutitexceptkeeppeoplewithinacertainhealthrange."Butifagingwererecognizedasadisease,hesaid,"Itwouldattractfundingandchangethe67.2017年12月大學(xué)英語(yǔ)四級(jí)考試真題<第三套waywedohealthcare.Whatmattersisunderstandingthatagingiscurable.""Itwasalwaysknownthatthebodyaccumulatesdamage,"headded."Theonlywaytocureagingistofindwaystorepairthatdamage.Ithinkofitaspreventivemedicineforage-relatedconditions."LeonardHayflick,aprofessorattheUniversityofCalifornia,SanFrancisco,saidtheideathatagingcanbecuredimpliesthehumanlifespancanbeincreased,whichsomeresearcherssuggestispossible.Hayflickisnotamongthem."There’remanypeoplewhorecoverfromcancer,stroke,orheartdisease.Buttheycontinuetoage,becauseagingisseparatefromtheirdisease,"Hayflicksaid."Evenifthosecausesofdeathwereeliminated,lifeexpectancywouldstillnotgomuchbeyond92years."46.Whatdopeoplegenerallybelieveaboutaging?A>Itshouldcausenoalarmwhatsoever.B>Theyjustcannotdoanythingaboutit.C>Itshouldberegardedasakindofdisease.D>Theycandelayitwithadvancesinscience.47.Howdomanyscientistsviewagingnow?.A>Itmightbepreventedandtreated.C>Itresultsfromavitamindeficiency..B>Itcanbeasriskyasheartdisease.D>Itisanirreversiblebiologicalprocess.48.WhatdoesAlexZhavoronkovthinkof"describingagingasadisease"?A>Itwillpromptpeopletotakeagingmoreseriously.B>Itwillgreatlyhelpreducethesideeffectsofaging.C>Itwillfreepharmacistsfromtheconventionalbeliefsaboutaging.D>Itwillmotivatedoctorsandpharmaciststofindwaystotreataging.49.Whatdowelearnaboutthemedicalcommunity?A>Theynowhaveastronginterestinresearchonaging.B>Theydifferfromtheacademiccirclesintheirviewonaging.C>Theycancontributetopeople’shealthonlytoalimitedextent.D>Theyhavewaystointerveneinpeopledagingprocess.50.WhatdoesProfessorLeonardHayflickbelieve?A>Thehumanlifespancannotbeprolonged.68.2017年12月大學(xué)英語(yǔ)四級(jí)考試真題<第三套B>Agingishardlyseparablefromdisease.C>Fewpeoplecanliveuptotheageof92.D>Heartdiseaseisthemajorcauseofaging.PassageTwoQuestions51to55arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Femaleapplicantstopostdoctoralpositionsingeoscienceswerenearlyhalfaslikelytoreceiveexcellentlettersofrecommendation,comparedwiththeirmalecounterparts.ChristopherIntagliatareports.Asinmanyotherfields,genderbiasiswidespreadinthesciences.Menscorehigherstartingsalaries,havemorementoring<指導(dǎo),andhavebetteroddsofbeinghired.Studiesshowthey’realsoperceivedasmorecompetentthanwomeninSTEM<Science,Technology,Engineering,andMathematics>fields.Andnewresearchrevealsthatmenaremorelikelytoreceiveexcellentlettersofrecommendation,too."Say,youknow,thisisthebeststudentI’veeverhad,"saysKuheliDutt,asocialscientistanddiversityofficeratColumbiaUniversity’sLamontcampus."Comparethoseexcellentletterswithamerelygoodletter：‘Thecandidatewasproductive,orintelligent,orasolidscientistorsomethingthat’sclearlysolidpraise,’butnothingthatsinglesoutthecandidateasexceptionaloroneofakind."Duttandhercolleaguesstudiedmorethan1,200lettersofrecommendationforpostdoctoralpositionsingeoscience.Theywerealleditedforgenderandotheridentifyinginformation,soDuttandherteamcouldassignthemascorewithoutknowingthegenderofthestudent.Theyfoundthatfemaleapplicantswereonlyhalfaslikelytogetoutstandingletters,comparedwiththeirmalecounterparts.Thatincludeslettersofrecommendationfromallovertheworld,andwrittenby,yes,menandwomen.ThefindingsareinthejournalNatureGeoscience.Duttsaystheywerenotabletoevaluatetheactualscientificqualificationsoftheapplicantsusingthedatainthefiles.Butshesaystheresultsstillsuggestwomeningeoscienceareatapotentialdisadvantagefromtheverybeginningoftheircareersstartingwiththoselessthanoutstandinglettersofrecommendation."We’renottryingtoassignblameorcriticizeanyoneorcallanyoneconsciouslysexist.Rather,thepointistousetheresultsofthisstudytoopenupmeaningfuldialoguesonimplicit69.2017年12月大學(xué)英語(yǔ)四級(jí)考試真題<第三套genderbias,beitatadepartmentalleveloraninstitutionallevelorevenadisciplinelevel."Whichmayleadtosomerecommendationsfortheletterwritersthemselves.51.Whatdowelearnaboutapplicantstopostdoctoralpositionsingeosciences?A>Therearemanymoremenapplyingthanwomen.B>Chancesforwomentogetthepositionsarescarce.C>Moremalesthanfemalesarelikelytogetoutstandinglettersofrecommendation.D>Maleapplicantshavemoreinterestinthesepositionsthantheirfemalecounterparts.52.Whatdostudiesfindaboutmenandwomeninscientificresearchshow?A>Womenengagedinpostdoctoralworkarequicklycatchingup.B>Fewerwomenareapplyingforpostdoctoralpositionsduetogenderbias.C>MenarebelievedtobebetterabletoexcelinSTEMdisciplines.D>WomenwhoarekeenlyinterestedinSTEMfieldsareoftenexceptional.53.Whatdothestudiesfindabouttherecommendationlettersforwomenapplicants?A>Theyarehardlyeversupportedbyconcreteexamples.B>Theycontainnothingthatdistinguishestheapplicants.C>Theyprovideobjectiveinformationwithoutexaggeration.D>Theyareoftenfilledwithpraiseforexceptionalapplicants.54.WhatdidDuttandhercolleaguesdowiththemorethan1,200lettersofrecommendation?A>Theyaskedunbiasedscholarstoevaluatethem.B>Theyinvitedwomenprofessionalstoeditthem.C>Theyassignedthemrandomlytoreviewers.D>Theydeletedallinformationaboutgender.55.WhatdoesDuttaimtodowithherstudy?A>Raiserecommendationwriters’awarenessofgenderbiasintheirletters.B>Openupfreshavenuesforwomenpost-doctorstojoininresearchwork.C>AlertwomenresearcherstoalltypesofgenderbiasintheSTEMdisciplines.D>Startapublicdiscussiononhowtoraisewomen’sstatusinacademiccircles.70.2017年12月大學(xué)英語(yǔ)四級(jí)考試真題<第三套.PartIVTranslation<30minutes>.Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestotranslateapassagefromChineseintoEnglish.YoushouldwriteyouransweronAnswerSheet2.XX位于XX省南部。它風(fēng)景獨(dú)特,尤以其日出和云海著稱。要欣賞大山的宏偉壯麗,通常得向上看。但要欣賞XX美景,就得向下看。XX的濕潤(rùn)氣候有利于茶樹生長(zhǎng),是中國(guó)主要產(chǎn)茶地之一。這里還有許多溫泉,其泉水有助于防治皮膚病。XX是中國(guó)主要旅游目的地之一,也是攝影和傳統(tǒng)國(guó)畫最受歡迎的主題。71.2017年12月大學(xué)英語(yǔ)四級(jí)考試真題<第三套參考答案及解析.PartIWriting<25minutes>.參考范文：TheRelationshipbetweenParentsandChildrenTherelationshipbetweenparentsandchildrenisaneternalanduniversaltopicforthemankind.Ourrelationshipwithparentsmightbedifferentatdifferentages.Andforyoungpeopleattheir20s,Ithinkitwillmoredependonwhatchildrendo.ThereasonwhyIsaysoisthataswegrowup,ourparentswhowereouridolsbeforegraduallygetoldandevenout-dated.Howeverhardeffortstheymake,theycouldnotcatchupwithoursteps,leadingtotheso-calledinvisiblegenerationgapbetweenus.Thus,ifwecannotslowdownourpace,therewilldefinitelybeanawkwardsilencebetweenparentsandus,whichisnotrarenow.Asaresult,weyoungpeopleshouldtalkmorewithparentstoshareourfeelingsandtoknoweachotherbetter.Everyonewantslovingparentswhoareopenandsupportive.Onlythroughfrequentcommunicationwitheachothercanweestablishsuchaharmoniousrelationshipwithourparents.[寫作技巧]審題：父母與子女的關(guān)系可以說是老生常談,作為經(jīng)常被拿來(lái)談?wù)摰脑掝},相信學(xué)生們本人也是非常有感觸的。因此,關(guān)鍵是如何組織語(yǔ)言。要把重點(diǎn)放在howtohandle上面。寫作時(shí)可以重點(diǎn)論述子女應(yīng)該怎樣做,同時(shí)要注意分析原因,做到言之有物,有理有據(jù)。范文第一段引出話題：父母與子女的關(guān)系。指出對(duì)當(dāng)今的年輕人而言,親子關(guān)系更多地取決于孩子自己的做法；第二段分析年輕人應(yīng)多與父母交流的原因；第三段重申觀點(diǎn),總結(jié)全文,指出只有經(jīng)常與父母交流才能建立和諧的家庭關(guān)系,使文章結(jié)構(gòu)嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)。.PartIIIReadingComprehension<40minutes>.SectionA[篇章譯文]眾所周知,當(dāng)提到〔26接觸STEM〔科學(xué)、技術(shù)、工程學(xué)和數(shù)學(xué)課程時(shí),公共教育體系存在巨大的空白。一位名為多麗羅伯茨的教育者決定做一些事來(lái)改變這個(gè)體系。多麗在高中教了11年的工程學(xué)。她注意到,所有〔27級(jí)別的公共教育體系都存在著優(yōu)質(zhì)STEM72.2017年12月大學(xué)英語(yǔ)四級(jí)考試真題<第三套教育的巨大空白。她說："在發(fā)現(xiàn)確實(shí)缺少我的孩子可以〔28報(bào)名的數(shù)學(xué)、科學(xué)和工程學(xué)課程后,我創(chuàng)辦了兒童工程學(xué)〔EFK"。她決定開辦一個(gè)課外課程,孩子們可以〔29參加以STEM為基礎(chǔ)的競(jìng)賽。該社團(tuán)很快發(fā)展壯大。在成員達(dá)到180人,參與該課程的孩子們獲得了好幾個(gè)州〔30冠軍后,她決定投入全部的時(shí)間到開發(fā)和〔31發(fā)展該課程中。全球企業(yè)EFK由此誕生了。多麗一開始在自己佛吉尼亞州的家里運(yùn)營(yíng)EFK,而后又?jǐn)U展到〔32當(dāng)?shù)氐膴蕵分行摹Ｈ缃?EFK課程在美國(guó)32個(gè)州及21個(gè)國(guó)家〔33運(yùn)營(yíng)著超過144家分公司。銷售額已經(jīng)從2014年的500萬(wàn)美元翻倍至2015年的1000萬(wàn)美元,而且2016年計(jì)劃新開設(shè)25家分公司。EFK網(wǎng)頁(yè)上寫道,"我們國(guó)家〔34畢業(yè)的工程師并不足夠。我們的理念是從小就啟迪孩子們,讓他們理解工程是一份偉大的〔35事業(yè)。"26.G。[解題點(diǎn)撥]名詞辨析題。本空之前有固定表達(dá)whenitcomesto,其中to是介詞,因此應(yīng)填入名詞或動(dòng)名詞。本句意為：眾所周知,當(dāng)提到...STEM<科學(xué)、技術(shù)、工程學(xué)和數(shù)學(xué)>課程時(shí),公共教育體系存在巨大的空白。也就是說,公共教育體系沒有為學(xué)生提供足夠多的STEM課程,因此學(xué)生"接觸"不到。在備選名詞中,只有exposure能與to搭配,且符合此處語(yǔ)境,故為本題答案。27.L。[解題點(diǎn)撥]名詞辨析題。本空位于atall與介詞of之間,故應(yīng)填入名詞。前一句提到,多麗在髙中教了11年的工程學(xué)。本句進(jìn)一步提到,她注意到,所有...的公共教育體系都存在著優(yōu)質(zhì)STEM教育的巨大空白?？崭袂暗?all"說明不只是在高中存在優(yōu)質(zhì)STEM教育空白,在公共教育體系的其他階段也有空白。由此可知,此處應(yīng)填人含有"層級(jí)"含義的名詞,故答案為levels。本空前有all,應(yīng)填入可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)形式或不可數(shù)名詞,可排除備選名詞中的career。championships,exposure和interest明顯不符合句意,而degrees意思是"程度;學(xué)位",不能說明公共教育的層次,因此可全部排除。28.F。[解題點(diǎn)撥]動(dòng)詞辨析題。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,本空前的to是動(dòng)詞不定式的標(biāo)志,因此應(yīng)填入動(dòng)詞原形。本句意為:在發(fā)現(xiàn)確實(shí)缺少我的孩子可以...的數(shù)學(xué)、科學(xué)和工程學(xué)課程后,我創(chuàng)辦了兒童工程師<EFK>。由前一句可知,所有級(jí)別的公共教育體系都缺少優(yōu)質(zhì)STEM課程。也就是說,沒有這方面的課程供多麗的孩子參加、學(xué)習(xí),因此空格處應(yīng)填enroll。在備選動(dòng)詞中,interest也是動(dòng)詞原形,但此處意思是孩子可以參加的課程,而不是讓孩子感興趣的課程,因此排除interest。29.O。[解題點(diǎn)撥]動(dòng)詞辨析題。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,children是where引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句的主語(yǔ),該從句缺少謂語(yǔ),因此應(yīng)填入動(dòng)詞,且該動(dòng)詞應(yīng)為過去式形式。本句意為：她決定開辦73.2017年12月大學(xué)英語(yǔ)四級(jí)考試真題<第三套一個(gè)課外課程,孩子們可以...以STEM為基礎(chǔ)的競(jìng)賽。綜合下一句可知,參加該課程的孩子們?cè)诤脦状胃?jìng)賽中獲勝,因此本空應(yīng)填入含有"參加,參與"意義的動(dòng)詞,故答案為participated。在備選動(dòng)詞中,attracted也是過去式,但該動(dòng)詞是及物動(dòng)詞,后面可以直接加賓語(yǔ),不需要in,因此排除。30.C。[解題點(diǎn)撥]名詞辨析題。本空前有不定代詞several,因此應(yīng)填入可數(shù)名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式。結(jié)合前一句可知,孩子們可以參加以STEM為基礎(chǔ)的競(jìng)賽,而且贏得了好幾個(gè)州____。由句意可推斷,孩子們獲得了冠軍,因此應(yīng)填入championships。在備選名詞中,還有degrees和levels符合此處的語(yǔ)法要求,但根據(jù)句意,孩子們?cè)诟?jìng)賽中贏得的不會(huì)是學(xué)位〔degrees,而且已經(jīng)說明是州〔state級(jí)別的比賽,因此排除levels。31.E。[解題點(diǎn)撥]動(dòng)詞辨析題。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,本空與cultivating并列,共同作介詞to的賓格,因此應(yīng)填入動(dòng)詞的-ing形式。本句大意是：隨著該社團(tuán)的發(fā)展壯大,她決定投入全部的時(shí)間到開發(fā)和____該課程中。結(jié)合下一句可知,多麗決定將該課程發(fā)展壯大,才誕生了全球企業(yè)EFK,因此本空應(yīng)填入含有"發(fā)展,擴(kuò)大"含義的動(dòng)詞,故答案為developing。32.M。解題點(diǎn)撥]形容詞辨析題。本空位于動(dòng)詞詞組expandedto之后,名詞詞組recreationcenters之前,因此應(yīng)該填入形容詞作定語(yǔ)。本段主要介紹EFK的發(fā)展過程。本句提到,多麗一開始在自己佛吉尼亞州的家里運(yùn)營(yíng)EFK,而后又?jǐn)U展到____娛樂中心。而下一句提到EFK課程遍及美國(guó)32個(gè)州及21個(gè)國(guó)家。根據(jù)事物由小到大的發(fā)展規(guī)律,EFK應(yīng)該是先在當(dāng)?shù)匕l(fā)展起來(lái),再擴(kuò)展到其他州,乃至其他國(guó)家,因此應(yīng)填入含有"本地的"意義的形容詞,故答案為local。33.N。[解題點(diǎn)撥]動(dòng)詞辨析題。由句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,本空位于主語(yǔ)theEFKprogram之后,應(yīng)填入動(dòng)詞作謂語(yǔ)。本句意為：EFK課程在美國(guó)32個(gè)州及21個(gè)國(guó)家____超過144家分公司。由此可知,本空應(yīng)填入含有"經(jīng)營(yíng)"意義的動(dòng)詞,故答案為operates。由本句時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)Today可知,本句的時(shí)態(tài)是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí),而主語(yǔ)theEFKprogram是第三人稱單數(shù),可以把備選動(dòng)詞的范圍縮小至levels和operates。Levels不符合句意,因此排除。34.J。解題點(diǎn)撥]動(dòng)詞辨析題。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,本句有主語(yǔ)Ournation,賓語(yǔ)engineers,故應(yīng)填入動(dòng)詞作謂語(yǔ)。本句意為：我們國(guó)家沒有____足夠多的工程師。結(jié)合第一段提到的公共教育體系沒有提供足夠多的優(yōu)質(zhì)STEM課程,可以推斷公共教育體系沒有提供足夠多的工程師畢業(yè)生,因此本空應(yīng)填入與學(xué)校有關(guān)、含有"提供"含義的動(dòng)詞,故答案為graduating。35.B。[解題點(diǎn)撥]名詞辨析題。本空位于不定冠詞a和形容詞great之后,故應(yīng)填入可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)。本句意為:我們的理念是從小就啟迪孩子們,讓他們理解工程是一份偉大的____。74[[[[.2017年12月大學(xué)英語(yǔ)四級(jí)考試真題<第三套前一句提到,我們國(guó)家畢業(yè)的工程師并不足夠,由此可推斷,該課程的理念是讓孩子們長(zhǎng)大后想成為工程師,讓他們認(rèn)為工程是一份偉大的事業(yè),因此本空應(yīng)填career。備選詞中的interest干擾性較大,但結(jié)合句意可知,EFK意在培養(yǎng)孩子們成為工程師,而不僅是將工程當(dāng)作興趣,因此排除interest。SectionB[篇章譯文]你為什么不好奇發(fā)生了什么？A媒體TMZ的一個(gè)記者幾天前對(duì)全國(guó)橄欖球聯(lián)盟理事長(zhǎng)羅杰·古德爾質(zhì)疑道:"在我們的視頻公布之后你就禁賽了跑鋒萊斯,你為什么沒有好奇心,親自去賭場(chǎng)看看?"這個(gè)問題暗指一個(gè)更加好奇的理事長(zhǎng)本應(yīng)該設(shè)法拿到錄像。B<40>我們經(jīng)當(dāng)聽到對(duì)缺乏好奇心的指責(zé),這暗示著不想去尋找真相是有問題的。"很長(zhǎng)時(shí)間以來(lái),我都被奇怪的缺失好奇心而困擾,"七月份時(shí)新澤西州立法機(jī)構(gòu)的一個(gè)民主黨成員說。他指的是新澤西州州長(zhǎng)克里斯·克里斯蒂的助理不夠刨根問底的態(tài)度,該助理選擇了不提問關(guān)于喬治·華盛頓大橋交通丑聞難以回答的問題。"難道主流媒體對(duì)發(fā)生了什么一點(diǎn)兒也不好奇嗎？"保守派作家詹妮弟·魯賓今年早些時(shí)候?qū)懙?她指的是在利比亞班加西地區(qū)的美國(guó)人遭受襲擊的事件。C以上每個(gè)例子都暗示了好奇是一件好事,而缺乏好奇心是一個(gè)問題。這樣的指責(zé)僅僅是為自己的黨派爭(zhēng)取政治得分的努力嗎？或者好奇心本身就有某種特殊的價(jià)值呢？D記者伊恩·萊斯利在他有趣的新書《好奇:求知的欲望以及為什么它決定了你的未來(lái)》中堅(jiān)持認(rèn)為最后一個(gè)問題的答案是"是的"<37>萊斯利認(rèn)為,好奇心是一個(gè)被人類過度忽視的優(yōu)點(diǎn),對(duì)我們的成功十分重要,但是我們正在失去它。E他寫道,我們正在遭受"意外之得缺失"。"意外之得"這個(gè)詞是賀拉斯·沃波爾在1854年的一封書信中創(chuàng)造的,他講述了三個(gè)王子的故事,他們"總是碰巧發(fā)現(xiàn)不在他們尋找之列的事物"。萊斯利擔(dān)心,因特網(wǎng)的興起以及其他社會(huì)科技變化已經(jīng)降低了我們對(duì)漫無(wú)目的的探險(xiǎn)的欲望。我們不再愿意徜徉在知識(shí)的田野中,準(zhǔn)備好大吃一驚。相反,我們只尋找我們需要的信息。F為什么這是一個(gè)問題呢？<45>因?yàn)闆]有好奇心,我們就會(huì)失去創(chuàng)新和創(chuàng)業(yè)的精神。我們會(huì)看到,毫無(wú)想象力的政府和死氣沉沉的公司作出災(zāi)難性的決定。我們也會(huì)丟失使我們?nèi)祟愓w成為如此成功的物種的重要部分。G萊斯利認(rèn)為,社會(huì)整體上變得越來(lái)越不好奇,他也提出了許多證據(jù)。<44>例如：在美國(guó)75.2017年12月大學(xué)英語(yǔ)四級(jí)考試真題<第三套和歐洲,因特網(wǎng)的興起導(dǎo)致讀者對(duì)自己國(guó)家之外的新聞關(guān)注度下降。但是并非一切都怪罪于技術(shù)。萊斯利認(rèn)為對(duì)文學(xué)小說的興趣下降也是原因之一。他說,閱讀文學(xué)小說讓我們更加好奇。H<36>另外,為了變得好奇,"你首先應(yīng)該認(rèn)識(shí)到自身知識(shí)的欠缺。"萊斯利聲稱,我們中大多教人都沒有意識(shí)到我們有多么無(wú)知,雖然這樣說有點(diǎn)兒夸張,但是他指出這一問題正在加劇是無(wú)比正確的："谷歌能給予我們強(qiáng)大的幻象,即所有的問題都有確定的答案。"I確實(shí),盡管萊斯利喜歡谷歌,谷歌也是他經(jīng)常用的替罪羊。他引用了谷歌的共同創(chuàng)始人拉里·佩吉的話,大意是"完美的搜索引擎"會(huì)"正確理解我的意思,而且反饋給我的也正是我想要的"。萊斯利在書中某處寫道："谷歌旨在完全免除你好奇的渴望。"J帶著點(diǎn)兒懷舊情緒,萊斯利引用了約翰·梅納德·凱恩斯非常著名的對(duì)書店的褒揚(yáng)之詞："人們應(yīng)該迷迷糊糊地走進(jìn)書店,仿佛置身于夢(mèng)境之中,讓書店里的東西自由地吸引并影響眼球?！?3在書店里信步漫游,隨著好奇心瀏覽書籍,可以成為一個(gè)下午的消遣。"要是能做到這樣多好啊！K<42>通過引用心理學(xué)家和認(rèn)知科學(xué)家的成果,萊斯利批評(píng)了公認(rèn)的觀點(diǎn),即學(xué)業(yè)成功是智力和努力相結(jié)合的結(jié)果。他認(rèn)為,好奇心是第三個(gè)關(guān)鍵因素—也是一個(gè)很難維持的因素。如果不加以培養(yǎng),人們很難維持好奇心："兒童時(shí)期的好奇心是兒童和成人合作獲得的。一定能扼殺好奇心是方式就是放任自流。"L萊斯利警告說,學(xué)校教育通常使孩子們變得沒有好奇心。父母受過教育的、中上階層的孩子們遠(yuǎn)比工人階層和下層家庭的孩子們更好奇,甚至在很小的時(shí)候就有這樣的差距。41缺乏好奇心導(dǎo)致知識(shí)的相對(duì)缺乏,知識(shí)的缺乏在后期雖然并非不可能彌補(bǔ),但是也很難。M雖然萊斯利的書與政治無(wú)關(guān),但是他也沒有完全回避這個(gè)問題。<39>政治領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人同其他組織的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人一樣,也應(yīng)該有好奇心。在關(guān)鍵的時(shí)刻他們應(yīng)該提出問題。萊斯利警告說,不追求真相會(huì)帶來(lái)嚴(yán)重的后果。N>他舉了-個(gè)例子：?jiǎn)讨巍.布什政府沒能為入侵伊拉克的后果作好恰當(dāng)?shù)臏?zhǔn)備。前國(guó)防部長(zhǎng)唐納德·拉姆斯菲爾德在2002年說我們必須警惕那些"未知的未知",萊斯利認(rèn)為那些因此而嘲笑他的人們是錯(cuò)誤的。萊斯利寫道,拉姆斯菲爾德的觀點(diǎn)"并非荒謬——而是聰明的。"他補(bǔ)充道,"悲劇在于他沒有聽從自己的建議。"O>以上這些讓我們回想起古德爾、克里斯蒂和班加西地區(qū)的例子。每個(gè)例子中的批評(píng)者都在以不同的方式指責(zé)某個(gè)權(quán)威人士故意不去探究。我想讓讀者根據(jù)自己的政治喜好來(lái)決定哪些指責(zé)〔如果有的話是可以成立的。但是我們要警惕,對(duì)待另一方的缺點(diǎn)時(shí)堅(jiān)決要求要具76〔〔.2017年12月大學(xué)英語(yǔ)四級(jí)考試真題<第三套備好奇心,而對(duì)我們自身的缺點(diǎn)卻固執(zhí)地不加探究。<38>我們應(yīng)該樂于為了知識(shí)本身而去追求知識(shí)——即使我們所發(fā)現(xiàn)的并不是我們想知道的事情。36.H。[解題點(diǎn)撥]同義轉(zhuǎn)述題。題干大意：為了保持好奇,我們首先需要認(rèn)識(shí)到有很多我們不知道的事情。由題干中的Tobecurious和firstofall定位至H>段第一句。定位句指出,為了變得好奇,首先應(yīng)該認(rèn)識(shí)到自身知識(shí)的欠缺。題干中的thingswedon’tknow指的就是定位句中的agapinyourknowledge,題干中的firstofall與定位句中的inthefirstplace是同義詞組,故答案為H>。37.D。解題點(diǎn)撥]同義轉(zhuǎn)述題。題干大意：萊斯利認(rèn)為,好奇心對(duì)一個(gè)人的成功至關(guān)重要。由題干中的essentialtoone’ssuccess定位至D>段最后一句。定位段介紹了伊恩·萊斯利對(duì)好奇心的觀點(diǎn):好奇心本身就具有特殊的價(jià)值。定位句總結(jié)了萊斯利的看法:好奇心是一個(gè)被人類過度忽視的優(yōu)點(diǎn),對(duì)我們的成功很重要。題干中的essentialtoone’ssuccess是對(duì)定位句中crucialtooursuccess的同義轉(zhuǎn)述,故答案為D>。38.O。[解題點(diǎn)撥]同義轉(zhuǎn)述題。題干大意：當(dāng)我們?yōu)榱酥R(shí)而追求知識(shí)的時(shí)候,我們應(yīng)該感到髙興。由題干中的feelhappy和pursueknowledgeforknowledge’ssake定位至O>段最后一句。定位句指出,我們應(yīng)該樂于為了知識(shí)本身而去追求知識(shí)。題干中的happy與定位句中的delighted是同義詞,題干中的pursueknowledgeforknowledge’ssake是對(duì)定位句中的pursueknowledgeforitsownsake的同義轉(zhuǎn)述,故答案為O>。39.M。[解題點(diǎn)撥]細(xì)節(jié)歸納題。題干大意：政治領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人缺乏好奇心會(huì)導(dǎo)致嚴(yán)重的后果。由題干中的Politicalleaders和consequences定位至M>段第二至四句。定位句提到,政治領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人也應(yīng)該有好奇心,不追求真相會(huì)帶來(lái)嚴(yán)重的后果。題干中的lackofcuriosity對(duì)應(yīng)定位句中的notwantingtoknow,題干中的badconsequences是對(duì)定位句中seriousconsequences的同義轉(zhuǎn)述,故答案為M>。40.B。[解題點(diǎn)撥]細(xì)節(jié)歸納題。題干大意：經(jīng)常有人指責(zé)政客和媒體缺乏尋找真相的好奇心。由題干中的accusations和media定位至B>段第一句和第三句。定位段舉例說明現(xiàn)在人們變得越來(lái)越不好奇。一個(gè)事例是對(duì)新澤西州州長(zhǎng)克里斯·克里斯蒂的助理的指責(zé),一個(gè)是對(duì)主流媒體的指責(zé),均指責(zé)他們不去探尋真相。題干是對(duì)B>段兩個(gè)例子的總結(jié),故答案為B>。41.L。[解題點(diǎn)撥]細(xì)節(jié)推斷題。題干大意：一個(gè)孩子越不好奇,他學(xué)到的知識(shí)就越少。由題干中的Thelesscuriousachildis和thelessknowledge定位至L>段最后一句。定位段指出了好奇心和教育之間的相互關(guān)系。由定位句可知,缺乏好奇心會(huì)導(dǎo)致知識(shí)的相對(duì)缺乏,而77[[.2017年12月大學(xué)英語(yǔ)四級(jí)考試真題<第三套知識(shí)的缺乏后期是很難彌補(bǔ)的。題干是對(duì)定位句的概括總結(jié),故答案為L(zhǎng)>。42.K。解題點(diǎn)撥]同義轉(zhuǎn)述題。題干大意：人們普遍認(rèn)為,取得學(xué)業(yè)成就需要智力和勤奮。由題干中的academicaccomplishment,intelligence和diligence定位至K>段第一句。定位段主要討論了好奇心在學(xué)業(yè)方面的作用。定位句指出,一個(gè)公認(rèn)的觀點(diǎn)是,學(xué)業(yè)成功是智力和努力相結(jié)合的結(jié)果。題干中的iswidelyaccepted是對(duì)定位句中的receivedwisdom"公認(rèn)的觀點(diǎn)"的同義轉(zhuǎn)述,題干中的intelligence對(duì)應(yīng)定位句中的intellectualtalent,題干中的diligence對(duì)應(yīng)定位句中的hardwork,故答案為K>。43.J。[解題點(diǎn)撥]細(xì)節(jié)推斷題。題干大意：跟隨好奇心的指引在書店中漫步是一種很好的自我娛樂的方式。由題干中的Visitingabookshop和entertain定位至J>段倒數(shù)第二句。定位段引用了約翰·梅納德·凱恩斯對(duì)書店的褒揚(yáng)之詞以反襯現(xiàn)在人們不喜歡看文學(xué)小說。由定位句可知,在書店里信步漫游,隨著好奇心瀏覽書籍,可以成為一個(gè)下午的消遣。題干中的Visitingabookshop對(duì)應(yīng)定位句中的Towalktheroundsofthebookshops,題干中的ascuriosityleadsus是對(duì)定位句中ascuriositydictates的同義轉(zhuǎn)述,故答案為J>。44.G。[解題點(diǎn)撥]細(xì)節(jié)歸納題。題干大意：因特網(wǎng)的興起以及人們閱讀文學(xué)小說的興趣的下降削弱了人們的好奇心。由題干中的theriseoftheInternet和literaryfiction定位至G>段第二至四句。定位段總結(jié)了萊斯利眼中導(dǎo)致人們好奇心缺失的原因。由第二句可知,由于因特網(wǎng)的興起,美國(guó)和歐洲的讀者對(duì)自己國(guó)家之外的新聞關(guān)注度下降。第四句接著提到了另外一個(gè)原因,即人們對(duì)文學(xué)小說興趣的下降。題干是對(duì)定位部分的總結(jié)。題干中的reducedappetite對(duì)應(yīng)定位句中的declineininterest,故答案為G>。45.F。[解題點(diǎn)撥]細(xì)節(jié)歸納題。題干大意：沒有好奇心人類就不會(huì)如此有創(chuàng)新精神。由題干中的innovative定位至F>段第二句。定位段首句提出了一個(gè)問題,即缺乏好奇心為什么會(huì)成為一個(gè)問題。定位句給出了答案:因?yàn)闆]有好奇心,我們就會(huì)失去創(chuàng)新和創(chuàng)業(yè)的精神。第三、四句對(duì)此進(jìn)一步說明。由此可知,題干是對(duì)本段內(nèi)容的歸納總結(jié),故答案為F>。SectionCPassageOne[篇章譯文]〔46衰老發(fā)生在我們所有人身上,而且它一般被認(rèn)為是生命的一個(gè)自然組成部分。將這種事稱作"疾病"似乎是愚蠢的。〔47另一方面,科學(xué)家們逐漸認(rèn)識(shí)到衰老和生物學(xué)年齡是兩件不同的事情,前者是諸如心臟病、癌癥和更多疾病的主要風(fēng)險(xiǎn)因素。這樣看來(lái),衰老本身或許可以看作是能治療的,就78[[.2017年12月大學(xué)英語(yǔ)四級(jí)考試真題<第三套像治療高血壓或缺乏維生素一樣?！?8生物物理學(xué)家亞歷克斯·扎沃洛科夫認(rèn)為衰老應(yīng)該被視為一種疾病。他說將衰老描述為一種疾病會(huì)激勵(lì)人們研發(fā)治療方法。"它為制藥行業(yè)解開束縛,使他們能夠開始治療衰老這種疾病,而不僅僅是治療其副作用,"他說。他說,"現(xiàn)在,人們認(rèn)為衰老是自然的而且無(wú)法控制的事情。在學(xué)術(shù)界,人們只是把衰老研究當(dāng)成一個(gè)興趣領(lǐng)域,在這個(gè)領(lǐng)域,他們可以嘗試開發(fā)干預(yù)措施。<49>醫(yī)學(xué)界也認(rèn)為衰老.是理所當(dāng)然的,除了讓人們保持在一定的健康范圍內(nèi)之外,他們對(duì)此無(wú)能為力。"~；.但如果把衰老看作一種疾病,他說,"這會(huì)吸引資金,改變我們的醫(yī)療方式。