1986-201025年全國碩士研究生入學統(tǒng)一考試英語試題答案

1986——201025年全國碩士研究生入學統(tǒng)一考試英語試題答案 1986-2010年全國碩士研究生入學統(tǒng)一考試英語試題答案 PAGEPAGE3說明以上各年的真題，請諸君按年份由遠及近的順序做題，切切！這樣才可以真正領悟考研的“道”，你才可以看到“神馬”是永恒的，哪些只不過是“浮云”耳！最后一年（即2010年的題目，可作為考前的最經典的模擬題，這是其他模擬題所無法替代的?。┠夸?986年全國碩士研究生入學統(tǒng)一考試英語試題 31987年全國碩士研究生入學統(tǒng)一考試英語試題 131988年全國碩士研究生入學統(tǒng)一考試英語試題 251989年全國碩士研究生入學統(tǒng)一考試英語試題 351990年全國碩士研究生入學統(tǒng)一考試英語試題 451991年全國碩士研究生入學統(tǒng)一考試英語試題 541992年全國碩士研究生入學統(tǒng)一考試英語試題 661993年全國碩士研究生入學統(tǒng)一考試英語試題 781994年全國碩士研究生入學統(tǒng)一考試英語試題 901995年全國碩士研究生入學統(tǒng)一考試英語試題 1031996年全國碩士研究生入學統(tǒng)一考試英語試題 1171997年全國碩士研究生入學統(tǒng)一考試英語試題 1301998年全國碩士研究生入學統(tǒng)一考試英語試題 1451999年全國碩士研究生入學統(tǒng)一考試英語試題 1602000年全國碩士研究生入學統(tǒng)一考試英語試題 1742001年全國碩士研究生入學統(tǒng)一考試英語試題 1882002年全國碩士研究生入學統(tǒng)一考試英語試題 2042003年全國碩士研究生入學統(tǒng)一考試英語試題 2172004年全國碩士研究生入學統(tǒng)一考試英語試題 2292005年全國碩士研究生入學統(tǒng)一考試英語試題 2412006年全國碩士研究生入學統(tǒng)一考試英語試題 2532007年全國碩士研究生入學統(tǒng)一考試英語試題 2652008年全國碩士研究生考試英語真題及答案 2762009年全國研究生入學考試英語試題及答案 2902010年全國碩士研究生入學統(tǒng)一考試英語試題 301

1986年全國碩士研究生入學統(tǒng)一考試英語試題SectionI:StructureandVocabularyIneachquestion,decidewhichofthefourchoicesgivenwillmostsuitablycompletethesentenceifinsertedattheplacemarked.Putyourchoiceinthebracketsontheleft.(15points)EXAMPLE:Iwascaught________therainyesterday.[A]in[B]by[C]with[D]atANSWER:[A]1. Nodoctorscouldcurethepatient________hisstrangedisease.[A]with[B]of[C]from[D]off2. Hewashiswits’end________whattodo.[A]in[B]on[C]at[D]of3. Prior________hisdeparture,headdressedalettertohisdaughter.[A]to[B]of[C]in[D]from4. Thedrivinginstructortoldmetopull________atthepostoffice.[A]up[B]back[C]round[D]along5. Whenthere’sadoubt,thechairman’sdecisionis________.[A]right[B]definite[C]fixed[D]final6. WecanrelyonWilliamtocarryoutthismission,forhisjudgmentisalways________.[A]unquestionable[B]sound[C]subtle[D]healthy7. Thenoiseoftheplanedied________inthedistance.[A]away[B]out[C]down[D]off8. Hospitaldoctorsdon’tgooutveryoftenastheirwork________alltheirtime.[A]takesaway[B]takesin[C]takesover[D]takesup9. Attendancesatfootballmatcheshave________sincethecomingoftelevision.[A]droppedin[B]droppeddown[C]droppedoff[D]droppedout10. Afterthedeathoftheirparents,thesistersgotwell________andneverquarreled.[A]away[B]in[C]along[D]out11. Theyalwaysgivethevacantseatsto________comesfirst.[A]who[B]whom[C]whoever[D]whomever12. Advertisingisdistinguishedfromotherformsofcommunication________theadvertiserpaysforthemessagetobedelivered.[A]inthat[B]inwhich[C]inorderthat[D]intheway13. Heis________ofanactor.[A]anybody[B]anyone[C]somebody[D]something14. Thecaptainapologized________totellusmoreabouttheaccident.[A]fortobeunable[B]thathewasunable[C]tobeunable[D]forbeingunable15. ________isnoreasonfordischargingher.[A]Becauseshewasafewminuteslate[B]Owingtoafewminutesbeinglate[C]Thefactthatshewasafewminuteslate[D]BeingafewminuteslateSectionII:CloseTestForeachnumberedblankinthefollowingpassage,therearefourchoiceslabeled[A],[B],[C]and[D].Choosethebestoneandputyourchoiceinthebracketsbelowthepassage.Readthewholepassagebeforemakingyourchoices.(10points)OnWednesdayafternoonsAnnietookthebusintotowntoshopinthemarket.Foranhouror__16__shewouldwalkupanddownbetweenthestallslookingateverything,buyinghereandthere,and__17__asharplookoutforthebargainsthatweresometimestobehad.Andthen,withallthethingssheneeded__18__shewouldleavethemarketforthestreetsofthetowntospendanotherhour__19__shelikedbest:lookinginfurnitureshopwindows.OneWednesdayshefoundanewshopfullofthemostdelightfulthings,withanoticeinvitinganyonetowalkinandlook__20__withoutfeelingtheyhadtobuysomething.Anniehesitatedforamomentbeforesteppingthroughthedoorwaywhere,almostatonce,shestopped__21__beforeagreenarmchair.Therewasacardonthechairwhichsaid:“Thisfinechairisyours__22__lessthanapoundaweek,”andverysmallatthebottom,“Cashpriceeighty-ninepoundsfifty.”Apoundaweek...__23__,shecouldalmostpaythatoutofherhousekeepingmoneyandnevermissit!Avoiceathershouldermadeher__24__.“CanIhelpyou,Madam?”Shelookedroundattheassistantwhohadcomesoftlytoher__25__.“Oh,well,no,”shesaid.“Iwasjustlooking.”“We’vechairsofallkindsintheshowroom.Ifyou’lljustcomeup,youwillfindsomethingtosuityou.”Annie,worriedatthethoughtofbeingpersuadedtobuysomethingshedidn’tneed,lefttheshophurriedly.16. [A]so[B]more[C]else[D]another17. [A]taking[B]making[C]fixing[D]keeping18. [A]buy[B]bought[C]buying[D]tohavebought19. [A]inaway[B]bytheway[C]intheway[D]ontheway20. [A]behind[B]round[C]back[D]on21. [A]doubted[B]wondered[C]puzzled[D]delighted22. [A]at[B]for[C]with[D]in23. [A]Why[B]When[C]How[D]What24. [A]jump[B]leap[C]laugh[D]wonder25. [A]place[B]back[C]side[D]frontSectionIII:ReadingComprehensionEachofthetwopassagesbelowisfollowedbyfivequestions.Foreachquestiontherearefouranswers.Readthepassagescarefullyandchoosethebestanswertoeachofthequestions.Putyourchoiceinthebracketsontheleft.(10points)Text1Thereareagreatmanycareersinwhichtheincreasingemphasisisonspecialization.Youfindthesecareersinengineering,inproduction,instatisticalwork,andinteaching.Butthereisanincreasingdemandforpeoplewhoareabletotakeingreatareaataglance,peoplewhoperhapsdonotknowtoomuchaboutanyonefield.Thereis,inotherwords,ademandforpeoplewhoarecapableofseeingtheforestratherthanthetrees,ofmakinggeneraljudgments.Wecancallthesepeople“generalists.”Andthese“generalists”areparticularlyneededforpositionsinadministration,whereitistheirjobtoseethatotherpeopledothework,wheretheyhavetoplanforotherpeople,toorganizeotherpeople’swork,tobeginitandjudgeit.Thespecialistunderstandsonefield;hisconcerniswithtechniqueandtools.Heisa“trained”man;andhiseducationalbackgroundisproperlytechnicalorprofessional.Thegeneralist--andespeciallytheadministrator--dealswithpeople;hisconcerniswithleadership,withplanning,andwithdirectiongiving.Heisan“educated”man;andthehumanitiesarehisstrongestfoundation.Veryrarelyisaspecialistcapableofbeinganadministrator.Andveryrarelyisagoodgeneralistalsoagoodspecialistinparticularfield.Anyorganizationneedsbothkindsofpeople,thoughdifferentorganizationsneedthemindifferentproportions.Itisyourtasktofindout,duringyourtrainingperiod,intowhichofthetwokindsofjobsyoufit,andtoplanyourcareeraccordingly.Yourfirstjobmayturnouttobetherightjobforyou--butthisispureaccident.Certainlyyoushouldnotchangejobsconstantlyorpeoplewillbecomesuspiciousofyourabilitytoholdanyjob.Atthesametimeyoumustnotlookuponthefirstjobasthefinaljob;itisprimarilyatrainingjob,anopportunitytounderstandyourselfandyourfitnessforbeinganemployee.26. Thereisanincreasingdemandfor________.[A]allroundpeopleintheirownfields[B]peoplewhosejobistoorganizeotherpeople’swork[C]generalistswhoseeducationalbackgroundiseithertechnicalorprofessional[D]specialistswhosechiefconcernistoprovideadministrativeguidancetoothers27. Thespecialistis________.[A]amanwhosejobistotrainotherpeople[B]amanwhohasbeentrainedinmorethanonefields[C]amanwhocanseetheforestratherthanthetrees[D]amanwhoseconcernismainlywithtechnicalorprofessionalmatters28. Theadministratoris________.[A]a“trained”manwhoismoreaspecialistthanageneralist[B]amanwhoseesthetreesaswellastheforest[C]amanwhoisverystronginthehumanities[D]amanwhoisan“educated”specialist29. Duringyourtrainingperiod,itisimportant________.[A]totrytobeageneralist[B]tochooseaprofitablejob[C]tofindanorganizationwhichfitsyou[D]todecidewhetheryouarefittobeaspecialistorageneralist30. Aman’sfirstjob________.[A]isnevertherightjobforhim[B]shouldnotberegardedashisfinaljob[C]shouldnotbechangedorpeoplewillbecomesuspiciousofhisabilitytoholdanyjob[D]isprimarilyanopportunitytofithimselfforhisfinaljobTest2AtthebottomoftheworldliesamightycontinentstillwrappedintheIceAgeand,untilrecenttimes,unknowntoman.Itisagreatlandmasswithmountainrangeswhoseextentandelevationarestilluncertain.Muchofthecontinentisacompleteblankonourmaps.Manhasexplored,onfoot,lessthanonepercentofitsarea.AntarcticadiffersfundamentallyfromtheArcticregions.TheArcticisanocean,coveredwithdriftingpackediceandhemmedinbythelandmassesofEurope,Asia,andNorthAmerica.TheAntarcticisacontinentalmostaslargeasEuropeandAustraliacombined,centeredroughlyontheSouthPoleandsurroundedbythemostunobstructedwaterareasoftheworld--theAtlantic,Pacific,andIndianOceans.Thecontinentalicesheetismorethantwomileshighinitscentre,thus,theairovertheAntarcticisfarmorerefrigeratedthanitisovertheArcticregions.Thiscoldaircurrentfromthelandissoforcefulthatitmakesthenearbyseasthestormiestintheworldandrendersunlivablethoseregionswhosecounterpartsattheoppositeendoftheglobeareinhabited.Thus,morethanamillionpersonslivewithin2,000milesoftheNorthPoleinanareathatincludesmostofAlaska,Siberia,andScandinavia--aregionrichinforestandminingindustries.Apartfromahandfulofweatherstations,withinthesamedistanceoftheSouthPolethereisnotasingletree,industry,orsettlement.31. Thebesttitleforthisselectionwouldbe________.[A]Iceland[B]LandofOpportunity[C]TheUnknownContinent[D]UtopiaatLast32. Atthetimethisarticlewaswritten,ourknowledgeofAntarcticawas________.[A]verylimited[B]vast[C]fairlyrich[D]nonexistent33. Antarcticaisborderedbythe________.[A]PacificOcean[B]IndianOcean[C]AtlanticOcean[D]Allthree34. TheAntarcticismadeuninhabitableprimarilyby________.[A]coldair[B]calmseas[C]ice[D]lackofknowledgeaboutthecontinent35. Accordingtothisarticle________.[A]2,000peopleliveontheAntarcticContinent[B]amillionpeoplelivewithin2,000milesoftheSouthPole[C]weatherconditionswithina2,000mileradiusoftheSouthPolemakesettlementsimpractical[D]onlyahandfulofnativesinhabitAntarcticaSectionIV:StructureandVocabularyFillintheblankswiththewordswhichbestcompletethesentences.Putyourchoicesinthebracketsontheleft.(10points)EXAMPLE:Itwasthelargestexperimentwehaveeverhad;it________sixhouses.[A]ended[B]finished[C]was[D]lastedANSWER:[D]36. Musicoften________usofeventsinthepast.[A]remembers[B]memorizes[C]reminds[D]reflects37. IfItakethismedicinetwiceadayitshould________mycold.[A]heat[B]cure[C]treat[D]recover38. Icouldjustseeacarinthedistance,butIcouldn’t________whatcolouritwas.[A]makeout[B]lookto[C]lookout[D]takein39. Icouldtellhewassurprisedfromthe________onhisface.[A]appearance[B]shock[C]look[D]sight40. Thetoyboatturnedoverandsanktothe________ofthepool.[A]base[B]depth[C]ground[D]bottom41. Marynevertellsanyonewhatshedoesfora________.[A]job[B]work[C]profession[D]living42. Thatboyissuchagoodviolinisthewillprobablymakequitea________forhimself.[A]star[B]credit[C]name[D]character43. Oldphotographsgiveoneabrief________ofthepast.[A]glance[B]glimpse[C]sight[D]look44. Thenovelistisahighly________person.[A]imaginable[B]imaginative[C]imaginary[D]imagined45. Althoughthepayisnotgood,peopleusuallyfindsocialwork________inotherways.[A]payable[B]respectful[C]grateful[D]rewardingSectionV:Error-detectionandCorrectionEachquestionconsistsofasentencewithfourunderlinedparts(wordsorphrases).Thesepartsarelabeled[A],[B],[C],and[D].Choosethepartofthesentencethatisincorrectandputyourchoiceinthebracketsontheleft.Then,withoutalteringthemeaningofthesentence,writedownthecorrectwordorphraseonthelinefollowingthebrackets.(10points)EXAMPLE:You’vetohurryupifyouwanttobuysomethingbecause[A]there’s[B]hardlysomething[C]left.[D]ANSWER:[C]anything46. Theprofessortoldtheeconomics[A]studentthathedidn’tapprove[B]in[C]histakingtheadvancedcoursebefore[D]hemadeapassingmarkinEconomics1.47. Althoughagreatnumberofhousesinthatareaarestill[A]inneedofrepair,[B]therehavebeen[C]improvementinthefacilities.[D]48. Mr.Gilmoreisoneofthosemenwhoappears[A]tobefriendly[B]however,itisveryhardtodeal[C]withhim.[D]49. Tounderstandthesituationcompletely[A]requires[B]morethoughtthanhasgiven[C]thusfar.[D]50. [A]greatmany[A]educatorsfirmly[B]believethatEnglishisoneofthepoorest[C]taughtsubjectsinhighschoolstoday.[D]51. Ofallhisoutdoor[A]activities.Paullikesfishingbestofall,[B]buthedoesn’tenjoycleaning[C]fishingrodsafterwards.[D]52. Ishould[A]nothaverecognizedthe[B]maneven[C]youhadtold[D]mehisname.53. Inanhour’s[A]timeIhaddonetheworkwith[B]mysatisfaction;Igotmyhatin[C]hallandslippedoutunnoticed.[D]54. Thenewhotelhaserected[A]abeautifulbuildingwith[B]recreationareasandconferencefacilitiesonthetopfloorinwhich[C]thefinestviewofthecitycanbeobtained.[D]55. Whilein[A]Europe,thetouristsenjoyedto[B]theirheart’s[C]contenttheweather,thefoodandgoingtothetheatre.[D]SectionVI:VerbFormsFillintheblankswiththeappropriateformsofverbsgiveninbrackets.(10points)EXAMPLE:Itishighlydesirablethatanewpresident________(appointed)forthiscollege.ANSWER:(should)beappointed56. Theenemyretreatedtothewoodsafterthey(defeat).57. I(speak)tohimforsometimebeforeIrealizedwhohewas.58. Oneshouldneverloseone’sheartwhen(confront)withtemporarydifficulties.59. Thehousesuddenlycollapsedwhileit(pull)down.60. On(give)anassignmenttomakeabusinesstourabroad,hegladlyacceptedit.61. (Get)everythingready,theygotdowntomapoutaplanfortheconstructionofanewexpressway.62. AfterPetergrewabeard,evenhisclosefriends(notrecognize)himatfirstsight.63. Darkness(set)in,theyoungpeoplelingeredonmerrymaking.64. Thestudentswereto(assemble)attheauditoriumbefore1:30p.m.,butthelecturewascanceledatthelastminute.65. Emphasisislaidonthenecessitythatalltheobjectivestobeattained(take)intoaccountbeforestartinganewproject.SectionVII:Chinese-EnglishTranslationTranslatethefollowingsentencesintoEnglish.(15points)66. 去年的好收成是由于農場管理的改進和有利的氣體條件。67. 他在科研上取得的成就要比預期的大。68. 我們現(xiàn)在必須做的是把情況作一番仔細的調查。69. 很難說哪個方案更為切實可行。70. 昨晚如果他來了，問題也許已得到解決。SectionVIII:English-ChineseTranslationDirections:TranslatethefollowingpassageintoChinese.Onlytheunderlinedsentencesaretobetranslated.(20points)Itwouldbeinterestingtodiscoverhowmanyyoungpeoplegotouniversitywithoutanyclearideaofwhattheyaregoingtodoafterwards.(71)Ifoneconsiderstheenormousvarietyofcoursesoffered,itisnothardtoseehowdifficultitisforastudenttoselectthecoursemostsuitedtohisinterestsandabilities.(72)Ifastudentgoestouniversitytoacquireabroaderperspectiveoflife,toenlargehisideasandtolearntothinkforhimself,hewillundoubtedlybenefit.(73)Schoolsoftenhavetoorestrictinganatmosphere,withitstimetablesanddisciplines,toallowhimmuchtimeforindependentassessmentoftheworkheisaskedtodo.(74)Moststudentswould,Ibelieve,profitbyayearofsuchexplorationofdifferentacademicstudies,especiallythose“allrounders”withnoparticularinterest.Theyshouldhavelongertimetodecideinwhatsubjecttheywanttotaketheirdegrees,sothatinlaterlife,theydonotlookbackandsay,“Ishouldliketohavebeenanarchaeologist.IfIhadn’ttakenadegreeinModernLanguages,Ishouldn’thaveendedupasaninterpreter,butit’stoolatenow.Icouldn’tgobackandbeginalloveragain.”(75)Thereis,ofcourse,anothersidetothequestionofhowtomakethebestuseofone’stimeatuniversity.(76)Thisisthecaseofthestudentwhoexcelsinaparticularbranchoflearning.(77)HeisimmediatelyacceptedbytheUniversityofhischoice,andspendshisthreeorfouryearsbecomingaspecialist,emergingwithafirst-classHonourDegreeandverylittleknowledgeofwhattherestoftheworldisallabout.(78)Itthereforebecomesmoreandmoreimportantthat,ifstudentsarenottowastetheiropportunities,therewillhavetobemuchmoredetailedinformationaboutcoursesandmoreadvice.Onlyinthiswaycanwebesurethatwearenottohave,ontheonehand,abandofspecialistsignorantofanythingoutsideoftheirownsubject,andontheotherhand,aneverincreasingnumberofgraduatesqualifiedinsubjectsforwhichthereislittleornodemandintheworkingworld.1986年參考答案SectionI:StructureandVocabulary(15points)1. [B] 2. [C] 3. [A] 4. [A] 5. [D]6. [B] 7. [A] 8. [D] 9. [C] 10. [C]11. [C] 12. [A] 13. [D] 14. [D] 15. [C]SectionII:Error-detectionandCorrection(10points)16. [A] 17. [D] 18. [B] 19. [C] 20. [B]21. [D] 22. [B] 23. [A] 24. [A] 25. [C]SectionIII:ReadingComprehension(10points)26. [B] 27. [D] 28. [C] 29. [D] 30. [B]31. [C] 32. [A] 33. [D] 34. [A] 35. [C]SectionIV:StructureandVocabulary(10points)36. [C] 37. [B] 38. [A] 39. [C] 40. [D]41. [D] 42. [C] 43. [B] 44. [B] 45. [D]SectionV:Error-detectionandCorrection(10points)46. [C]approveof 47. [C]hasbeen48. [A]appear 49. [C]hasbeengiven50. [C]mostpoorly 51. [B](the)best,(the)most52. [C]evenif,eventhough 53. [B]to54. [C]where,fromwhich,onwhich 55. [D]thetheatreSectionVI:VerbForms(10points)56. weredefeated/hadbeendefeated 57. hadbeenspeaking58. confronted 59. wasbeingpulled60. beinggiven 61. Havinggot62. could/didnotrecognize,werenotabletorecognize 63. setting64. haveassembled/assemble 65. (should)betakenSectionVII:Chinese-EnglishTranslation(15points)66. Thegoodcroplastyearwasduetotheimprovementoffarmmanagementandfavorableweathercondition.67. Thesuccesshehasachievedinscientificresearchisgreaterthanexpected.68. Whatwemustdonowistomakeacarefulinvestigationofthesituation.69. It’shardtosaywhichplanismorepracticable.70. Ifhehadcomeyesterdayevening,thequestionmighthavebeensolved.SectionVIII:English-ChineseTranslation(20points)71. 如果想一想那些為學生設置的門類繁多的課程，我們就不難發(fā)現(xiàn)，對一個學生來說，要選一門符合他的興趣和能力的課程是多么困難。72. 如果一個學生進大學是為了想獲得一個對生活前景更廣泛的認識，為了擴大思想境界和學會獨立思考，那么毫無疑問，進大學對他是有好處的。73. 學校由于受課程表和紀律的約束，氣氛往往令人感到過于拘束，使學生沒有充分時間對規(guī)定要他做的事情有獨立的見解。74. 我認為大多數(shù)學生，尤其是那些沒有偏重某一門課程的“全面發(fā)展的學生”，經過一年左右的時間對各門不同學科的鉆研，將會從中獲益。75. 當然，關于一個人如何最充分地利用上大學的時間，還有另外一個方面。76. 某一學科中出類拔萃的學生就屬于這種情況。77. 他一畢業(yè)馬上就被一所他自己選中的大學所接受，再花三、四年時間，以優(yōu)異的成績取得榮譽學位，成為一名專家，但對外界的一切卻幾乎一無所知。78. 因此，如果要學生好好利用他們上大學的機會，就應該為他們提供大量關于課程方面更為詳盡的信息和更多的指點。這個問題顯得越來越重要了。

1987年全國碩士研究生入學統(tǒng)一考試英語試題SectionI:StructureandVocabularyIneachquestion,decidewhichofthefourchoicesgivenwillmostsuitablycompletethesentenceifinsertedattheplacemarked.Putyourchoiceinthebracketsontheleft.(10points)EXAMPLE:Iwascaught________therainyesterday.[A]in[B]by[C]with[D]atANSWER:[A]1. Theskyscraperstandsout________thebluesky.[A]in[B]against[C]under[D]beneath2. Theyhavealwaysbeenongood________withtheirnext-doorneighbors.[A]friendship[B]relations[C]connection[D]terms3. Hello!Isthat21035?Pleaseputme________tothemanager.[A]across[B]up[C]through[D]over4. Whydoyoulookso________?Youneversmileorlookcheerful.[A]miserable[B]unfortunate[C]sorry[D]rude5. Eggs,thoughnourishing,have________offatcontent.[A]largenumber[B]alargenumber[C]thehighamount[D]ahighamount6. Jimalways________hisclassmatesinadebate.[A]backsout[B]backsaway[C]backsup[D]backsdown7. Mostofthepeoplewho________twoworldwarsarestronglyagainstarmsrace.[A]havelivedout[B]havelivedthrough[C]havelivedon[D]havelivedoff8. Therearemanyinconveniencesthathavetobe________whenyouarecamping.[A]putup[B]putupwith[C]putoff[D]putaway9. Isittruethatthoseoldhousesarebeingpulleddown________newofficeblocks?[A]toaccommodate[B]toprovidefor[C]toincrease[D]tomakeroomfor10. Beinginnogreathurry,________.[A]wewentthelongroutewithscenery[B]thelong,scenicroutewasourpreference[C]wetookthelongscenicroute[D]ourpreferencewastakingthelong,scenicrouteSectionII:ReadingComprehensionEachofthreepassagesbelowisfollowedbyfivequestions.Foreachquestiontherearefouranswers,readthepassagecarefullyandchoosethebestanswertoeachofthequestion.PutyourchoiceintheANSWERSHEET.(15points)Text1Forcenturiesmendreamedofachievingverticalflight.In400A.D.Chinesechildrenplayedwithafan-liketoythatspunupwardsandfellbacktoearthasrotationceased.LeonardodaVinciconceivethefirstmechanicalapparatus,calleda“Helix,”whichcouldcarrymanstraightup,butwasonlyadesignandwasnevertested.Theancient-dreamwasfinallyrealizedin1940whenaRussianengineerpilotedastrangelookingcraftofsteeltubingwitharotatingfanontop.Itroseawkwardlyandverticallyintotheairfromastandingstart,hoveredafewfeetabovetheground,wentsidewaysandbackwards,andthensettledbacktoearth.Thevehiclewascalledahelicopter.Imaginationswerefired.Mendreamedofgoingtoworkintheirownpersonalhelicopters.Peopleanticipatethatverticalflighttransportswouldcarrymillionsofpassengersasdotheairlinersoftoday.Suchfantasticexpectationswerenotfulfilled.Thehelicopterhasnowbecomeanextremelyusefulmachine.Itexcelsinmilitarymissions,carryingtroops,gunsandstrategicinstrumentswhereotheraircraftcannotgo.Corporationsusethemasairborneoffices,manymetropolitanareasusetheminpolicework,constructionandloggingcompaniesemploytheminvariousadvantageousways,engineersusethemforsiteselectionandsurveying,andoilcompaniesusethemasthebestwaytomakeoffshoreandremoteworkstationsaccessibletocrewsandsupplies.Anyurgentmissiontoahard-to-get-toplaceisalikelytaskforahelicopter.Amongtheirothermultitudeofused:deliverpeopleacrosstown,flytoandfromairports,assistinrescuework,andaidinthesearchformissingorwantedpersons.11. Peopleexpectthat________.[A]theairlinersoftodaywouldeventuallybereplacedbyhelicopters[B]helicopterswouldsomedaybeabletotransportlargenumberofpeoplefromplacetoplaceasairlinersarenowdoing[C]theimaginationsfiredbytheRussianengineer’sinventionwouldbecomearealityinthefuture[D]theirfantasticexpectationsabouthelicopterscouldbefulfilledbyairlinersoftoday12. Helicoptersworkwiththeaidof________.[A]acombinationofrotatingdevicesinfrontandontop[B]arotatingdevicetopside[C]onerotatingfaninthecenteroftheaircraftandothersateachend[D]arotatingfanunderneathforlifting13. Whatissaidaboutthedevelopmentofthehelicopter?[A]Helicoptershaveonlybeenworkedonbymansince1940.[B]Chinesechildrenwerethefirsttoachieveflightinhelicopters.[C]Helicopterswereconsideredmoredangerousthantheearlyairplanes.[D]Somepeoplethoughttheywouldbecomewidelyusedbyaverageindividuals.14. Howhastheuseofhelicoptersdeveloped?[A]Theyhavebeenwidelyusedforvariouspurposes.[B]Theyaretakingtheplaceofhigh-flyingjets.[C]Theyareusedforrescuework.[D]Theyarenowusedexclusivelyforcommercialprojects.15. Underwhatconditionsarehelicoptersfoundtobeabsolutelyessential?[A]Foroverseaspassengertransportation.[B]Forextremelyhighaltitudeflights.[C]Forhigh-speedtransportation.[D]Forurgentmissiontoplacesinaccessibletootherkindsofcraft.Text2InancientGreeceathleticfestivalswereveryimportantandhadstrongreligiousassociations.TheOlympianathleticfestivalheldeveryfouryearsinhonorofZeus,kingoftheOlympianGods,eventuallylostitslocalcharacter,becamefirstanationaleventandthen,aftertherulesagainstforeigncompetitorshadbeenabolished,international.NooneknowsexactlyhowfarbacktheOlympicGamesgo,butsomeofficialrecordsdatefrom776B.C.ThegamestookplaceinAugustontheplainbyMountOlympus.ManythousandsofspectatorsgatheredfromallpartsofGreece,butnomarriedwomanwasadmittedevenasaspectator.Slaves,womenanddishonoredpersonswerenotallowedtocompete.Theexactsequenceofeventsuncertain,buteventsincludedboy’sgymnastics,boxing,wrestling,horseracingandfieldevents,thoughtherewerefewersportsinvolvedthaninthemodernOlympicGames.OnthelastdayoftheGames,allthewinnerswerehonoredbyhavingaringofholyoliveleavesplacedontheirheads.Sogreatwasthehonorthatthewinnerofthefootracegavehisnametotheyearofhisvictory.AlthoughOlympicwinnersreceivednoprizemoney,theywere,infact,richlyrewardedbytheirstateauthorities.Howtheirresultscomparedwithmodernstandards,weunfortunatelyhavenomeansoftelling.Afteranuninterruptedhistoryofalmost1,200years,theGamesweresuspendedbytheRomansin394A.D.TheycontinuedforsuchalongtimebecausepeoplebelievedinthephilosophybehindtheOlympics:theideathatahealthybodyproducedahealthymind,andthatthespiritofcompetitioninsportsandgameswaspreferabletothecompetitionthatcausedwars.Itwasover1,500yearsbeforeanothersuchinternationalathleticgatheringtookplaceinAthensin1896.Nowadays,theGamesareheldindifferentcountriesinturn.Thehostcountryprovidesvastfacilities,includingastadium,swimmingpoolsandlivingaccommodation,butcompetingcourtierspaytheirownathletes’expenses.TheOlympicsstartwiththearrivalinthestadiumofatorch,lightedonMountOlympusbythesun’srays.Itiscarriedbyasuccessionofrunnerstothestadium.ThetorchsymbolizedthecontinuationoftheancientGreekathleticidea