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UnderstandingTextStructures2021/10/10·A“structure”is

abuildingorframework·“Text

structure”refersWhat

is

a

text

structure?to

how

a

piece

of

textis

built2021/10/10·Builders

can

usedifferent

kinds

of

t

t

ng

uild·sbhitodifferenstructuresA

skyscraper,forexample,isadifferentkindofstructurefromWhat

is

a

text

structure?a

house2021/10/10·

Writers

usedifferent

structures

to

buildtheir

ideas·Each

text

structurecommunicates

ideasin

a

different

way照

墨TDN

AWhat

is

a

text

structure?2021/10/10叫·Authors

usechronologicalordertoexplain

how

things·

happen

in

orderChronological

order

isalsocalledsequence

or

time

orderChronologicalorder2021/10/10·You

willknowthatyouare

readinga

text

inChronologicalorderchronological

orderbecauseyouwillseewords

likefirst,next,later,then,andfinally2021/10/10Chronologicalorder·You

will

often

see

chronological

order

indirections:Have

you

ever

made

macaroni

and

cheese?It's

simple!First,boil

some

water

and

makesome

macaroni.Then,make

your

cheesesauce.After

the

cheese

sauce

is

ready,mixit

with

the

macaroni.Bake

the

entirein

the

oven.Finally,it's

time

to

eat!thing2021/10/10Chronologicalorder·You

will

often

see

chronological

order

indirections:Have

you

ever

made

macaroni

and

cheese?It's

simple!

First,boil

some

water

and

makesome

macaroni.Then,make

your

cheesesauce.Afterthe

cheese

sauce

is

ready,mixit

with

the

macaroni.Bake

the

entireintheoven.

Finally,it's

time

toeat!thing2021/10/10Pennsylvania

has

manyhistoric

sites.You

canvisitRevolutionary

war

sites,like

ValleyForge.Youcanalsovisitimportant

locationsfrom

the

Civil

War,likeGettysburg.Finally,you

canalso

see

the

site

ofthe

firstoilwellin

Titusville.Pennsylvaniahasmanyneatplacestovisit!2021/10/10Which

paragraph

is

in

chronologicalorder?Throughtheages,WilliamPenn.Later,Pennsylvaniawasthesiteof

a

t

l

onary

WarttauhoteverRAfntstleorttpbaimPennsylvaniawashometonew

factories

during

theIndustrial

Revolution.Today,Pennsylvania

hasseenmanyinteresting

events.The

statePennsylvaniacontinuestowasfounded

in

1681

bymake

historyThroughtheages,This

is

thePennsylvania

hasseenmanyWilliamPenn.Later,Can

you

find

theclue

words

thatshow

this

order?Which

paragraph

is

in

chronologicalorder?Pennsylvaniawasthesiteof

a

t

l

onary

WarttauhoteverRAfntstleorttpbaimPennsylvaniawashometonew

factories

during

theIndustrial

Revolution.Today,interesting

events.The

stateparagraph

inchronologicalorder.Pennsylvaniacontinuestowasfounded

in

1681

bymake

history.2021/10/10Throughtheages,William

Penn.

Later

,11Which

paragraph

is

in

chronologicalorder?Pennsylvaniawasthesiteofimportant

Revolutionary

Warbattles.

After

that,Pennsylvaniawashometonew

factories

during

theIndustrial

Revolution.

Today,This

is

theparagraph

inchronologicalorder.Can

you

find

theclue

words

thatPennsylvania

hasseenmanyinteresting

events.The

statePennsylvaniacontinuestowasfounded

in1681byshow

this

order?make

history.2021/10/10Think

aboutit!·What

isa

structure?·What

does

chronological

order

mean?·

eo

that

show?wordsrderclueologicalre

somnaroathhcW2021/10/10·But

what

if

an

author

s

showhappenedin

sequence?·The

author

wouldneedto

useanothertext

structure!gomethinwant

tsnowoehdAnother

text

structure2021/10/10text

structure·Supposeanauthor·T

u

t

l

n

eedcontrastcomparehor

wouseauoewanted

to

explain

howthese

two

birds

are·C

i

oderrentorfeldificandgaronolmilarhswouldn't

work---there

is2021/10/10

14no

order

of

eventsAnotherThe

cardinal

and

the

cedar

waxwingare

two

common

birds.Both

have

crestsyear.on

their

heads.Both

are

common

ati

ef

..hu

l

i

dhi

el

i

mb

ightreaossnaave

mat

thessred,while

the

waxwing

is

brown.Thecedar

waxwing

often

migrates

fromplace

to

place.On

the

other

hand,thecardinalstays

inone

placeyearafterAnother

text

structure2021/10/10Whenauthors

usethetextCanyoufindthecluewordsinthe

paragraph?2021/10/10Compareandcontrastcluewordsstructureof

compare

andcontrast,they

often

usespecialcluewordstoshowthis

text

structure.The

cardinal

and

the

cedar

waxwingare

two

common

birds.Both

have

crestson

their

heads.Both

are

common

ati

ef

..hu

l

i

dhi

el

i

mb

ightred,while

the

waxwing

is

brown.Thecedar

waxwing

often

migrates

fromyear.reaossnaave

mat

thessCanyoufindthecluewords?place

to

place.On

the

other

hand,thecardinalstays

inone

placeyearafter2021/10/10Heretheyare!Thecardinal

andthe

cedarwaxwingare

two

common

birds.Both

havecrestson

their

heads.

Bothare

common

atbirdfeeders.

Butthe

birds

havesomeyear.differences.The

male

cardinal

is

a

brightred,whilethewaxwingisbrown.Thecedar

waxwing

often

migrates

fromplaceto

place.On

theotherhand,thecardinalstays

inone

placeyearafter2021/10/10·Toorganizedetailsfroma

paragraph

incompareandcontrast,

useaVenndiagramCompare

and

contrast

graphic

organizer2021/10/10Review·Can

you

explain

the

difference

betweencontrast?·Howcanclue

words

help

you

as

a

reader?chronological

order

and

compare

and2021/10/10Another

text

structure·Sometimes,a

writer

will

want

to

explain

howoneevent

leadsto

another·This

kind

oftext

structure

is

called

causeandeffect2021/10/10·When

authorswrite2021/10/10paragraphstoshowcausesandeffects,theyusewords

likecause,efject,as

a

result,consequently,Causeandeffect

cluewordsand

soCanyoufindthecluewords?The

night'ssnowstorm

had

manyeffects.Peoplewere

out

shoveling

snowfrom

theirsidewalks.The

power

lineswere

drapedwith

ice.Snow

plows

drove

down

everystreet.Children

were

the

happiest

of

all.cancelledl2021/10/10Theunexpectedsnowcaused

schoolto

beCanyoufindthecluewords?The

night'ssnowstorm

had

manyeffects.Peoplewere

out

shoveling

snowfrom

theirsidewalks.The

power

lineswere

drapedwith

ice.Snow

plows

drove

down

everystreet.Children

were

the

happiest

of

all.cancelledlTheunexpectedsnowcausedschool

to

be2021/10/10

24Morewithcauseand

effectBabypaintedturtlesspendallwinterintheir

nests.They

have

special

chemicals

in

theirbloodthatcankeeptheirbloodfromfreezing.As

a

result,baby

painted

turtles

cansurvivefreezingtemperatures!2021/10/10Morewithcauseand

effectBabypaintedturtlesspendallwinterintheirnests.Theyhavespecialchemicalsin

theirbloodthatcankeeptheirbloodfromfreezing

As

a

result,baby

painted

turtles

can

sur

ive

freezing

temperatures!Thisis

thecause2021/10/10Morewithcauseand

effectBabypaintedturtlesspendallwinterin

theirnests.Theyhavespecialchemicalsintheirbloodthatcankeeptheirbloodfromfreezing.As

aresult,babypaintedturtlescansurvivefreezingtemperatures!This

is

theeffect2021/10/10Review·Whichtextstructuretells

about

how

thingsare

similarand

different?·Compare

and

contrast·Which

text

structure

explains

how

thingshappenintime

order?·Chronological

order2021/10/10

28·Sometimes,anauthor

willwanttoexplain

aproblem,and

thenshowone

ormoresolutions●

Thiskind

of

textm

nd

tionudlesocallaisoblecturerupstrAnotherkindoftextstructure2021/10/10Park

School

had

aterrible

problem.Everyday

at

recess,studentswouldargueover

theslides.Teachers

had

tospendtime

every

daytaking

care

of

thearguments.Finally,oneteachercameupwithagreat

solution.Theybought

another

set

ofslidesthateveryonecould

enjoy.Anexampleofproblemand

solutionParkSchoolhadaterrible

problem.Every

day

atrecess,students

wouldargue

over

the

slides.Teachershadtospendtimeeverydaytaking

careof

the

arguments.Finally,oneteachercameupwitha

great

solution.Theybought

another

set

ofslidesthateveryonecould

enjoy.2021/10/10Anexampleofproblemand

solution·Can

you

find

theand

thein

thisproblemsolutionparagraph?ParkSchoolhadaterribleproblem.Every

day

atrecess,students

would

argue

over

the

slides.Teachershadtospendtimeeverydaytaking

careof

the

arguments.Finally,one

teacher

came

up

with

a

great

solution.Theybought

another

set

ofslidesthateveryonecould

enjoy.2021/10/10Anexampleofproblemand

solutionHere

is

the

problemParkSchoolhadaterribleproblem.Every

day

atrecess,students

would

argue

over

the

slides.Teachers

had

tospendtimeeverydaytaking

careof

the

arguments.Finally,oneteachercameupwith

agreat

solution.Theybought

another

set

ofslidesthateveryone

couldenjoy.2021/10/10Here

is

the

problemHere

is

thesolutionAnexampleofproblemand

solution·Often,authorswillsignalproblem

andsolution

structurewith

cluewords

likeproblem

and

solution,just

like

in

the

lastparagraph·

Sometimes,authorswill

use

related

words2021/10/10Ofcourse,problemandsolution

is

notalwayssosimpleOfcourse,problemandsolution

is

notalwayssosimple·Synonyms

for

problemtrouble·Synonyms

for

solution2021/10/10include

difficulty,struggle,uncertainty.include

possibility,hope,bright

spot,answer;and

futureworry,threat,andTheChesapeakeBayfaces

anuncertain

future.Issues

such

aspesticides,too

many

nutrients,and

habitat

loss

all

threaten

theBay'swaterquality

and

animallife.However,scientists

arehopefulthatthefuturemaybebrighter.If

everyone

in

theChesapeakeBaywatershedworks

together,solutions

may

be

found.36Amoredifficult

problemand

solutionparagraph2021/10/10TheChesapeakeBayfaces

anuncertain

future.Issues

such

aspesticides,too

many

nutrients,and

habitat

loss

all

threaten

theBay'swaterquality

and

animal

life.However,scientistsarehopefulthatthefuturemaybebrighter.If

everyone

in

theChesapeakeBaywatershedworks

together,solutions

may

be

found.Amoredifficult

problemand

solutionparagraphWhat

isthe

problem?What

is

thesolution?2021/10/10TheChesapeakeBayfaces

an

uncertainfuture.Issuessuch

as

pesticides,too

many

nutrients,

andhabitatlossallthreatenthe

Bay'swaterquality

and

animallife.

However,scientists

arehopefulthatthefuturemaybebrighter.

If

everyone

in

theChesapeakeBaywatershedworks

together,solutions

may

befound.38Amoredifficult

problemandsolution

paragraphSolution2021/10/10Problem·Chronological

order

·Compareand

contrast

·Cause

and

effect·Problemand

solutionTextstructureswe've

learnedsofar2021/10/10Matchthecluewords!Canyoufigureoutthetextstructure

that

these

cluewordspointto?however,ontheotherhand,similarity,like,unlikeCompareandcontrast2021/10/10Matchthecluewords!Canyoufigureoutthetextstructurethat

these

cluewordspointto?as

a

result,consequently,therefore,so,cause,effectCauseand

effect2021/10/10Matchthecluewords!Can

you

figure

out

the

text

structure

that

these

cluewordspointto?problem,solution,threat,difficulty,hope,answer,possibilityProblemandsolution2021/10/10Arethereanyothertextstructures?Mostparagraphsthatwewriteinschoolcanbecalledmain

idea,description,or

statement

and

supportparagraphs2021/10/10·In

this

kind

ofparagraph,the

author

offersamain

ideastatement,and

thensupports

that

statementwith

several

detailsMain

idea

paragraphs2021/10/10

44The

pond

was

a

beautifulplace

to

visit.The

fallingleaves,all

different

colors,decoratedthe

surface

of

thewater.At

the

edges

of

thepond,small

wildflowers

grew.

Thegolden

forest

glowedfaintlyinthe

distance.Main

idea

paragraphs2021/10/10MainideaThe

pond

was

a

beautifuldecorated

the

surface

ofthewater.Atthe

edges

of

thepond,small

wildflowers

grew.The

golden

forest

glowedfaintly

in

the

distance.46Main

idea

paragraphsplaceto

visit.Thefallingleaves,all

different

colors,2021/10/10MainideaThe

pond

was

a

beautifuldecorated

the

surface

of

thewater.Atthe

edges

of

thepond,small

wildflowers

grew.The

golden

forest

glowedfaintly

in

the

distance.All

of

the

other

sentencesexplainwhythemainldea

is

trueMain

idea

paragraphsplaceto

visit.Thefallingleaves,all

different

colors,·Clue

words

in

these

paragraphsmayinclude:·O

f,

otherexampleoranandasonason,reeernMain

idea

paragraphs2021/10/10·Onthenextfew

slides,you

will

read

someparagraphs

about

theGreat

Chicago

Fire·

Your

taskistodecideonthe

text

structure

for

eachOne·Understanding

the

textstructurewillhelpyoutounderstandeachparagraph2021/10/10Now

it'syourturn!DanielSullivanwasthefirsttonotice

the

flames

coming

from

the

OLearybarnat

around

8:30pm

on

October

8.A

problem

with

the

alarm

box

made

it

impossible

for

the

people

in

the

areato

call

for

the

fire

department.By

9:30

pm,the

entire

block

was

blazing.Inanother

3

hours,there

were

fires

allover

Chicago.The

heavy

wind

coming

fromthe

lake

only

made

the

firebigger.It

would

be

another

day

beforethe

fire

would

be

completely

out.Bythat

time,17,500

buildings

had

been

burned.·Chronological

order·Compare

andcontrast·

Cause

andeffect·Problem

andsolution·

Main

ideaWhat's

the

text

structure?2021/10/10What's

the

text

structure?Daniel

Sullivanwas

the

first

to

notice·ChronologicaltheflamescomingfromtheOLearyorder

barn

at

around

8:30

pm

on

October

8.·Compare

andf

ithth

hepe

i

oxth

a

a

itcontrast

to

call

forthe

fire

department.By

9:30pm,the

entire

block

was

blazing.In

another

3

hours,there

were

fires

all·

Problem

and

overChicago.Theheavywindcomingsolutionfrom

the

lake

only

made

thefirebigger.It

would

be

another

day

beforethe

fire

would

be

completely

out.Bythat

time,17,500

buildings

had

been

burned.2021/10/10aredeemnbplearmoaletorwemimpossiblA

probleDaniel

Sullivanwas

the

first

to

noticethe

flames

coming

from

the

OLearybarnat

around

8:30pm

on

October

8.A

problem

with

the

alarm

box

made

it

impossible

for

the

people

in

the

areato

call

for

the

fire

department.By

9:30

pm,the

entire

block

was

blazing.Inanother

3

hours,there

were

fires

allover

Chicago.The

heavy

wind

comingfromthe

lake

only

made

the

firebigger.It

would

be

another

day

beforethe

fire

would

be

completely

out.Bythat

time,17,500

buildings

had

been

burned.What's

the

text

structure?·Chronologicalorder2021/10/10What's

the

text

structure?·ChronologicaltheflamescomingfromtheO'Learyorder

barnat

around8:30

pmonOctober8.A

problem

with

the

alarm

box

made

itimpossible

for

the

people

in

the

areato

call

forthe

fire

department.By9:30pm

,the

entire

block

was

blazing.Ine

t

l

n

ye

h

edthe

fire

would

be

completely

out.Bythat

time,17,500

buildings

had

beenburned.2021/10/10ayfirrhetanotmadedouewolakIerthiggombfranother3hours,there

were

fires

allover

Chicago.The

heavy

wind

comingDaniel

Sullivan

was

the

first

to

noticethe

text

structure?Daniel

Sullivan

was

the

first

to

noticethe

flames

coming

fromthe

O'Learybarn

at

around

8:30pm

onOctober8.A

problem

with

the

alarm

box

made

itimpossible

for

the

people

in

the

areato

call

forthe

fire

department.By9:30pm

,the

entire

block

was

blazing.

Ine

t

l

n

ye

h

edthe

fire

would

be

completely

out.Bythat

time,17,500

buildings

had

beenburned.ayfirrhetanotmadedouewolakIerthiggombfrWhat's·Chronologicalorder·

Notice

howthe

paragraphshows

howeventshappenin

time

orderanother3hours,there

were

fires

allover

Chicago.The

heavy

wind

coming2021/10/10the

text

structure?DanielSullivanwasthefirst

to

notice

o

i

:g3

8.Aproblem

with

the

alarmbox

made

itimpossible

for

the

people

in

the

areato

call

for

the

fire

department.By

9:30

r

r

lfaizriensg

llna.Iebweasewerkto3

hoursentire

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on

Octoberom

the

O'Leary0fr8nundcomat

aramesnflbartheWhat's·

Understandingthat

this

text

iswritten

inchronologicalordercan

helpyoutounderstandhow

the

GreatFire

startedover

Chicago.The

heavy

wind

comingfrom

the

lake

only

made

the

firebigger.It

would

be

another

day

beforethe

fire

would

be

completely

out.By

that

time,17,500

buildings

had

been

burned.2021/10/10Tryanother!t

iCrll

laig

oirOeh

fire

i

hir

n

hetteetcaaccfiisl

thyoeefirTfedebltehrrinetnihoutnlfnmyaforpamonmagso

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wstar·Chronologicalorder·Compare

andcontrast·

Cause

andeffect·Problem

andsolution·

Main

ideaasitwas

returningfromanotherfire.As

another

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watchman

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the

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location

that

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Cause

andeffect·

Problemandsolutionasitwas

returningfromanotherfire.As

another

problem,a

watchman

whosawtheflamesdirectedotherfirecompanies

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location

that

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mile

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the

fire.Because

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problems,afirethat

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the

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t

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Greaformentous?as

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the

fire.Because

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problems,a

fire

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the

city.Causeeffect2021/10/10and·Tryanother!

fire59nasOehoirsgFmaofiatramentrousas

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howthe

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that

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the

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Compareandofthesepeoplewithfood,cleancontrast

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shelterwasahugetask.Luckily,thecityquicklyformeda·

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