高中動(dòng)詞不定式

不定式由“to+動(dòng)詞原形”構(gòu)成,其否定形式是“not/nevertodo”,不定式可以帶賓語或狀語構(gòu)成不定式短語,沒有人稱和數(shù)的變化,但有時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)的變化。不定式可以作主語、賓語、狀語、表語和定語，但不能單獨(dú)作謂語。不定式的邏輯主語有時(shí)用“for+名詞或代詞賓格”構(gòu)成。不定式第一頁第二頁，共36頁。結(jié)構(gòu)

:todo(否定)not/nevertodo二.

時(shí)態(tài)與語態(tài)主動(dòng)語態(tài)被動(dòng)語態(tài)一般式進(jìn)行式完成式完成進(jìn)行式不定式

todo

tobedone

tobedoing

tohavedone

tohavebeendone

tohavebeendoing--------------------第二頁第三頁，共36頁。(1).Theypretendednottoseeus.(2).Hepretendedtobesleeping.(3).Shepretendedtohaveknownitbefore.(一般式表示與謂語的動(dòng)作同時(shí)/幾乎/發(fā)生在它之后.)(在謂語動(dòng)詞發(fā)生的同時(shí),不定式的動(dòng)作也正在進(jìn)行)(完成式表示動(dòng)作發(fā)生在謂語動(dòng)作之前)(4).We’rehappytohavebeenworkingwith

you.(完成進(jìn)行式表示謂語動(dòng)作發(fā)生之前,不定式的動(dòng)作一直在進(jìn)行而且可能之后也繼續(xù))第三頁第四頁，共36頁。1.作主語2.作賓語3.作賓語補(bǔ)足語4.作定語5.作狀語6.作表語7.作獨(dú)立成分8.與疑問詞等連用第四頁第五頁，共36頁。三.用法/功能Toseeistobelieve.It’simportanttolearnEnglishwell.(1).主語單個(gè)不定式作主語時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)若不定式太長,往往用it作形式主語,不定式置后.Myjobtohelpthepatient.Yourtasktocleantheclassroom.isis(2).表語第五頁第六頁，共36頁。Iwanttogohome.Theworkersdemandedtogetbetterpay.Ifounditnecessarytotalktohimagain.(3)賓語think/consider/findit+adj.+todo常用動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語的動(dòng)詞有：hope,refuse,learn,setoutchoose,decide,agree,manage,pretend,plan.

第六頁第七頁，共36頁。Theteachertoldmetocleantheblackboard.Iexpectyoutogivemesomehelp.(4).賓補(bǔ)五看

watch

see

lookat

observe

notice三使

let

make

have

二聽

listento

hear一感覺:

feelwarn,tell,allow,help,ask,force等第七頁第八頁，共36頁。e.g.Imadehimdohiswork.Hewasmadetodohiswork(byme).注意1>help后面的“to”可省去e.g.Theyoftenhelpthegrandma(to)carrywater.2>see,hear,watch,feel,notice,lookat等表示感覺和let,make,have等表示使役的動(dòng)詞后面，不定式作賓語時(shí)要省“to”（注：被動(dòng)語態(tài)不省to）第八頁第九頁，共36頁。3>不定式用在介詞but,except,besides后時(shí),如果這些介詞前有行為動(dòng)詞do的各種形式,那么介詞后的不定式不帶to,相反則帶to.(1).Shecoulddonothingbutcry.(2).Ihavenochoicebuttogo.(3).Whatdoyouliketodo

besidessleep.第九頁第十頁，共36頁。Ihavesomethingtosay.Hehasalotofhomeworktodo.Heislookingforaroomtolivein.Thereisnothingtoworryabout.(5).定語(如果不定式中的動(dòng)詞是不及物動(dòng)詞,則不定式中要有介詞.)請(qǐng)給我一支寫字的筆.Pleasegivemeapentowritewith.第十頁第十一頁，共36頁。不定式作定語時(shí)，應(yīng)放在被修飾詞的后面，而且放在其他后置定語之后。1.不定式做定語與所修飾的詞之間有三種關(guān)系：(1)動(dòng)賓關(guān)系

Ihavealotofworktodo.我有很多工作要做。(2)主謂關(guān)系

Heisalwaysthefirsttocome.他總是第一個(gè)來。(3)同位關(guān)系

Weallhaveachancetogotocollege.我們都有上大學(xué)的機(jī)會(huì)。第十一頁第十二頁，共36頁。2.作定語的不定式如果是不及物動(dòng)詞，或者不定式所修飾的名詞或代詞是不定式動(dòng)作的地點(diǎn)工具等，不定式后面須有相應(yīng)的介詞。3.不定式所修飾的名詞如果是time,place或way，不定式后面的介詞習(xí)慣上要省去。e.g.Heislookingforaroomtolivein.他在找一個(gè)房間住。e.g.Hehadnomoneyandnoplacetolive.他沒錢沒地方住。第十二頁第十三頁，共36頁。4.something,anything,nothing,everything等復(fù)合不定代詞常用不定式做后置定語。e.g.Doyouhaveanythingtosend?你有什么東西要寄嗎第十三頁第十四頁，共36頁。Icameheretoseeyou.Hegotupearlytocatchthetrain.(6)狀語（表示目的或結(jié)果）inorderto,

soasto,enoughto,onlyto,too….to.,在一些短語中也有體現(xiàn)第十四頁第十五頁，共36頁。(7).獨(dú)立結(jié)構(gòu)tobefrank,tobehonest,Totellthetruth,Idon’tagreewithyou.類似的結(jié)構(gòu)第十五頁第十六頁，共36頁。(8)不定式與疑問詞who,which,when,how,what等連用，在句中起名詞作用，可充當(dāng)主語、表語、賓語等。Hedidn’tknowwhattosay.他不知道說什么。(賓語)Howtosolvetheproblemisveryimportant.如何解決這個(gè)問題很重要。(主語)Myquestioniswhentostart.我的問題是什么時(shí)候開始。(表語)注意：在與why連用時(shí)，只用于why或whynot開頭的簡(jiǎn)短疑問句中，后面緊跟的動(dòng)詞不定式不帶to。

Whynothavearest?第十六頁第十七頁，共36頁。關(guān)于不定式中的小品詞to(1).不定式中的動(dòng)詞上文已出現(xiàn)過,下文要省略該動(dòng)詞.eg:Wouldyouliketogowithme?I’dliketo.(2).不定式是tobe結(jié)構(gòu),be不可省.eg:Wouldyouliketobeateacher?I’dliketobe.第十七頁第十八頁，共36頁。exercise第十八頁第十九頁，共36頁。Myteacherwasmade_____histeachingbecauseofpoorhealth.givingupB.togiveupC.giveupD.givenup2.Thesentencewants____oncemore.explainedB.toexplainC.beingexplainedD.explaining3.TheArcticisconsidered____thenorthernpartoftheAtlantic.havingbeenB.tohavebeenC.tobeD.beingBDC第十九頁第二十頁，共36頁。4.TheEmperororderedthewonderfulcloth_____forhimwithoutdelay.tohavewovenB.tobewovenC.tobeweavingD.toweave5.IfoundtheGermanlanguagehard____.learnedB.learningC.tobelearnedD.tolearn6.—Thelightintheofficeisstillon.---Oh,Iforgot______.turningitoffB.turnitoffC.toturnitoffD.havingturneditoffBDC第二十頁第二十一頁，共36頁。幾對(duì)易混淆的詞組：stoptodosth.停止去做某事

doingsth.停止正在做．．．forgettodosth.忘記去做．．．

doingsth.忘記已做了．．．remembertodosth.記得去做．．．

doingsth.記得曾經(jīng)做．．．第二十一頁第二十二頁，共36頁。7.---Howdoyoudealwiththedisagreementbetweenthecompanyandthecustomers?---Thekey____theproblemistomeetthedemand____bythecustomers.tosolving,makingB.tosolving,madeC.tosolve,makingD.tosolve,made8.---Whatdoyouthinkoftheschool?----Itisaverygood_____.schooltostudyinB.schoolforchildrentostudyC.studyingschoolD.schooltostudyBA第二十二頁第二十三頁，共36頁。9.---Didyougetajob?---No,I___,butit’snouse.expectedB.triedtoC.managedtoD.planned10.Wefinditimpossibleforthework___aheadoftime.tofinishB.finishingC.beingfinishedD.tobefinished11.---IusuallygotoShanghaibytrain.----Whynot___therebyboatforachange?totrytogoB.trygoingC.totrygoingD.trytogoBDB第二十三頁第二十四頁，共36頁。12.___aliving,shehadtoworkfrommorningtillnight.TomakeB.MadeC.MakingD.Tohavemade13.Iwouldratherstarvetodeaththan___forfood.begB.beggingC.beggedD.tobeg14.Theboypretended____whenhismotherentered.readingB.toreadC.tobereadingD.beingreadAAC第二十四頁第二十五頁，共36頁。Exercise第二十五頁第二十六頁，共36頁。1.Robertissaid____abroad,butIdon’tknowwhatcountryhestudiedin.tohavestudiedB.tostudyC.tobestudyingD.tohavebeenstudying2.Thepurposeofnewtechnologiesistomakelifeeasier,____itmoredifficult.notmakeB.nottomakeC.notmakingD.don’tmake3.I’veworkedwithchildrenbefore,soIknowwhat____inmynewjob.expectedB.toexpectC.tobeexpectingD.expects第二十六頁第二十七頁，共36頁。4.Havingatripabroadiscertainlygoodfortheoldcouple,butitremains____whethertheywillenjoyit.toseeB.tobeseenC.seeingD.see5.ItissaidinAustraliathereismorelandthanthegovernmentknows____.itwhattodowithB.whattodowithitC.whattodoitwithD.todowhatwithit6.Themotherdidn’tknow____toblameforthebrokenglassasithappenedwhileshewasout.A.whoB.whenC.howD.why第二十七頁第二十八頁，共36頁。7.Pauldoesn’thavetobemade____.Healwaysworkshard.A.learnB.tolearnC.learned D.learning8.Weagreed____herebutsofarshehasn’tturnedupyet.A.havingmetB.meetingC.tomeetD.tohavemet9.Theboywantedtoridehisbicycleinthestreet,buthismothertoldhim____.A.nottoB.nottodoC.notdoitD.donotto第二十八頁第二十九頁，共36頁。10.Thepatientwaswarned____oilyfoodaftertheoperation.A.toeatnotB.eatingnotC.nottoeatD.noteating11.Iwouldlove____tothepartylastnightbutIhadtoworkextrahourstofinishareport.A.togoB.tohavegoneC.goingD.havinggone12.CharlesBabbageisgenerallyconsidered____thefirstcomputer.A.toinventB.inventingC.tohaveinventedD.havinginvented第二十九頁第三十頁，共36頁。13.LittleJimshouldlove____tothetheatrethisevening.A.tobetakenB.totakeC.beingtakenD.taking14.____lateintheafternoon,Bobturnedoffthealarm.A.TosleepB.SleepingC.SleepD.Havingsleep15.Theteacheraskedus____somuchnoise.A.don’tmakeB.notmakeC.notmakingD.nottomake第三十頁第三十一頁，共36頁。1愛和被愛都是最大的幸福。_______________arebothgreathappiness.2中國人民決不會(huì)征服。TheChinesepeoplerefuse_________________3據(jù)說他已經(jīng)完成了他的工作。Heissaid__________________________.4根據(jù)報(bào)道他們已安全到達(dá)。Theyarereported____________________Toloveandtobelovedtogivein/beconqueredtohavefinished/completedhisworktohavearrived