2022屆四川省成都市高三第二次診斷性檢測英語試題(解析版)

成都市2022屆高中畢業(yè)班第二次診斷性檢測英語本試卷分選擇題和非選擇題兩部分。第I卷（選擇題）1至8頁，第II卷（非選擇題）9至10頁，共10頁，滿分150分，考試時(shí)間120分鐘。注意事項(xiàng)：1.答題前，務(wù)必將自己的姓名、考籍號(hào)填寫在答題卡規(guī)定的位置上。2.答選擇題時(shí)，必須使用2B鉛筆將答題卡上對應(yīng)題目的答案標(biāo)號(hào)涂黑，如需改動(dòng)，用橡皮擦擦干凈后，再選涂其它答案標(biāo)號(hào)。3.答非選擇題時(shí)，必須使用0.5毫米黑色筆跡的簽字筆，將答案書寫在答題卡規(guī)定的位置上。4.所有題目必須在答題卡上作答，在試題卷上答題無效。5.考試結(jié)束后，只將答題卡交回。第I卷（100分）第一部分聽力（共兩節(jié)，滿分30分）做題時(shí)，先將答案標(biāo)在試卷上。錄音內(nèi)容結(jié)束后，你將有兩分鐘的時(shí)間將試卷上的答案轉(zhuǎn)涂到答題卡上。第一節(jié)（共5小題；每小題1.5分，滿分7.5分）聽下面5段對話。每段對話后有一個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并標(biāo)在試卷的相應(yīng)位置。聽完每段對話后，你都有10秒鐘的時(shí)間來回答有關(guān)小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對話僅讀一遍。1.WhatisAndydoingnow?A.Washingdishes.B.Doinghomework.C.WatchingTV.2.Howdoesthemanprobablyfeel?A.Anxious.B.Angry.C.Astonished.3.Whatisthewomanbestat?A.Management.B.Productdesign.C.Advertisement.4.What'stheprobablerelationshipbetweenthetwospeakers?A.Husbandandwife.B.Employerandemployee.C.Colleagues.5.Whenwilltheworkbefinished?A.Ataround7:00pm.B.Ataround8:00pm.C.Ataround9:00pm.第二節(jié)（共15小題；每小題1.5分，滿分22.5分）聽下面5段對話或獨(dú)白。每段對話或獨(dú)白后有幾個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并標(biāo)在試卷的相應(yīng)位置。聽每段對話或獨(dú)白前，你將有時(shí)間閱讀各個(gè)小題，每小題5秒鐘。聽完后，各小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時(shí)間。每段對話或獨(dú)白讀兩遍。聽第6段材料，回答第6至7題。6.Howwillthemanprobablywatchthebasketballmatchtonight?A.OnTV.B.Withfriends.C.Inthegym.7.WhatmakesthewomandecidetowatchthebasketballmatchonTV?A.Theatmosphere.B.Thecost.C.Theconvenience.聽第7段材料，回答第8至9題。8.Whatdoesthewomanthinkofthemovie?A.Disappointing.B.Satisfying.C.Surprising.9.Whatdoesthemanadvisethewomantodo?A.Buysomegifts.B.Havedinnertogether.C.Enjoythetime.聽第8段材料，回答第10至12題。10.Wheredoesthisconversationprobablytakeplace?A.Inabookstore.B.Attheoffice.C.Inalibrary.11.Whydoesthemanwanttodealwithhisbooks?A.Hedoesn'tlikethem.B.Hisstudentsneedthem.C.Heneedsroomfornewbooks.12.Whichbookwillthewomantake?A.JudetheObscure.B.AnAmericanTragedy.C.ForWhomtheBellTolls.聽第9段材料，回答第13至16題。13.Whatistheman?A.Anagent.B.Aprofessor.C.Areporter.14.Whatdoweknowaboutthewomaninherchildhood?A.Shepaintedwell.B.Shewasunconfident.C.Sheknewherdreamjob.15.Whatischallengingforthewoman?A.Togetmoreopportunities.B.Tomakemorerealfriends.C.Toimproveherpaintingskills.16.Whatisthewoman'ssuggestiontoteenagers?A.Developingpotentials.B.Doinggooddeeds.C.Stickingtotheirdreams.聽第10段材料，回答第17至20題。17.Wherecanthekidsprobablyfindanote?A.Inthelunchbox.B.Onthecomputermonitor.C.Inthebackpack.18Whichstrategyplaysthemostimportantrole?AWritingnotes.B.Cookingtogether.C.Eatingdinnertogether.19.Whatisthespeakermainlytalkingabout?A.Comfortingfamilymembers.B.Strengtheningfamilybonds.C.Increasingfamilytrust.20.Whoisthetalkaimedat?A.Parents.B.Children.C.Teachers.第二部分閱讀理解（共兩節(jié)，滿分40分）第一節(jié)（共15小題；每小題2分，滿分30分）閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C和D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)。AThisyearwehadkidsandcaregiversinmind.Soherearesomefavoritebooksforkidspickedbyreadersandexpertjudgestowhileawaythehoursathome.TheSnowyDay－byEzraJackKeatsOnemorning,alittleboyinBrooklynwakesuptoachangedworld-shiningwithfreshsnowfall.YoungPeterisblack.AuthorandillustratorEzraJackKeatswaswhite,buthissensitivedescriptionofachild'sfirstexperiencewithsnowwontheCaldecottMedalandwasembracedbyparentsandchildrenofallcolors.(Forages0to2)Dreamers－byYuyiMoralesYuyiMoraleswasborninMexicoandcametoAmericawithherbabyboyin1999.Shebuildsthatexperienceintoapoeticpraisefortheimmigrantexperience-forlearninganewlifeandlanguageandforthedreams,hopesandtalentsimmigrantsbringtotheUSA.(Forages4to8)HiddenFigures－byMargotLeeShetterlyandLauraFreemanMargotLeeShetterlyadaptshergroundbreakingbookaboutBlackfemalemathematiciansatNASAforyoungreaders,withillustrationsbyLauraFreeman.Agreatpickforanyfuturemathematicianorastronaut.(Forages4to8)Wells&WongMysteries－byRobinStevensBestfriendsDaisyWellsandHazelWongdowhatanyambitiousyoungwomenatboardingschoolwoulddo:TheyformadetectiveagencyandquicklyrunupagainsttheirfirstrealcasewhenHazelfindsthebodyoftheirscienceteacheronthegymnasiumfloor.(Forages10andup)1.Whichwriterisanawardwinner?A.EzraJackKeats. B.YuyiMorales.C.MargotLeeShetterly. D.RobinStevens.2.Whichbookissuitableforthosewholovedetectivestories?A.TheSnowyDay. B.Dreamers.C.HiddenFigures. D.Wells&WongMysteries.3.WhatdoDreamersandHiddenFigureshaveincommon?A.Thewaytheyarecreated. B.Theauthors’experiences.C.Theagesofthepotentialreaders. D.Thethemetheytrytoconvey.【1~3題答案】【答案】1.A2.D3.C【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章介紹了一些讀者和專家評(píng)委挑選出一些孩子們最喜歡書籍的相關(guān)信息?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一部分TheSnowyDay－byEzraJackKeats“AuthorandillustratorEzraJackKeatswaswhite,buthissensitivedescriptionofachild'sfirstexperiencewithsnowwontheCaldecottMedalandwasembracedbyparentsandchildrenofallcolors.”（作家兼插畫家埃茲拉·杰克·濟(jì)慈（EzraJackKeats）是白人，但他對一個(gè)孩子第一次體驗(yàn)雪的敏感描述贏得了卡爾德科特獎(jiǎng)?wù)拢艿搅烁鞣N膚色的父母和孩子的歡迎。）可知，作家EzraJackKeats是一位獲獎(jiǎng)?wù)?。故選A項(xiàng)?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四部分Wells&WongMysteries“TheyformadetectiveagencyandquicklyrunupagainsttheirfirstrealcasewhenHazelfindsthebodyoftheirscienceteacheronthegymnasiumfloor.”（他們成立了一家偵探機(jī)構(gòu)，當(dāng)黑澤爾在體育館地板上發(fā)現(xiàn)他們的科學(xué)老師的尸體時(shí)，他們很快遇到了第一個(gè)真實(shí)的案件。）可知，Wells&WongMysteries適合喜歡偵探小說的人。故選D項(xiàng)?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二部分Dreamers和第三部分HiddenFigures內(nèi)容“Forages4to8”（適合4至8歲）可知，DreamersandHiddenFigures的共同點(diǎn)是潛在讀者的年齡。故選C項(xiàng)。BEdwardO.Wilson,knownas“antman”,wasbornonJune10,1929,inBirmingham,Alabama.Hisparentsdivorcedwhenhewasyoung,andhewasmovedfrequentlythroughouthischildhood.Wilsongrewupexploringtheforestsandwildlife.Oneoftheseadventureslefthimpartlyblind,buttheyalsosetoffhislifelongfascinationwithantsandtheirsocialstructures.Wilsonearnedhisbachelor'sandmaster'sdegreesfromtheUniversityofAlabama.In1955,hereceivedhisPh.D.fromHarvardandworkedthereuntilretirement.Wilson’searlystudyofantsledtohisfirstmajordiscoveryin1959:howantscommunicatethroughthereleaseofchemicalsignals.Later,in1990,WilsonandGermanbiologistBertH?lldoblerpublishedtheirPulitzer-winningTheAnts.Itdetailedtheinsects’socialstructurethatwasbothvaluedbyscholarsandaccessibletogeneralreaders.AnotherofWilson'smajorworksstartedintheearly1960swhenheteamedupwithRobertMacArthur.ThepairpublishedTheTheoryofIslandBiogeography,wheretheysoughttoexplainwhydifferentplaceshavedifferentnumbersofspecies.WhatmanyconsidertobeWilson'smostimportantcontributionstoevolutionarybiologycamein1975whenhepublishedSociobiology:TheNewSynthesis.Theworkexploredthegeneticrootsofanimalbehaviorandarguedthatgenesshapedhumanbehavior.Wilsonfacedaccusationsfortheseideasbuthisworkfinallylargelyprovedtrue.In1978,hisideasontherolebiologyplaysinhumanculturepeakedinOnHumanNature,whichwonhimaPulitzerin1979.Wilsonpublishedmorethan400scientificpapersand20books.Theseaccomplishmentsofferedhimatypeofsuperstarstatus,butfriendsandcolleaguessaythepoliteSouthernerremaineddowntoearth.“ProfessorWilsonreallylistenedandengagedwithwhomeverhewasinteractingwith,”saidCorrieS.Moreau,whowasoneofWilson'sfinaladvisees.4.WhatcontributedtoWilson’spassionforants?A.Hisaccidentaldisability. B.Thediscoveryhemadeaboutants.C.Theschooleducationhereceived. D.Hisboyhoodtimespentinnature.5.WhatisWilson’sfirstPulitzer-winningbookabout?A.Thesocialstructureofants. B.Thedistributionofdifferentspecies.C.Thelinksbetweenbiologyandhumanculture. D.Theroleofchemicalsignalsincommunication.6.Accordingtothelastparagraph,whichwordbestdescribesWilson?A.Productive. B.Humble. C.Open-minded. D.Independent.7.Whatisthebesttitleofthistext?A.ThePioneering“AntMan” B.DiscoveriesinEvolutionaryBiologyC.ALeadingFigureinPopularScience D.TheAdventureofaPulitzerPrizeWinner【4~7題答案】【答案】4.D5.A6.B7.A【解析】【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了被稱為“蟻人”的EdwardO.Wilson的個(gè)人經(jīng)歷以及所取得的成就。【4題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中“Wilsongrewupexploringtheforestsandwildlife.Oneoftheseadventureslefthimpartlyblind,buttheyalsosetoffhislifelongfascinationwithantsandtheirsocialstructures.(威爾遜在探索森林和野生動(dòng)物的過程中長大。其中一次冒險(xiǎn)讓他某種程度上失明，但也激發(fā)了他對螞蟻及其社會(huì)結(jié)構(gòu)的畢生迷戀)”可知，威爾遜的童年是在大自然中度過的導(dǎo)致了他對螞蟻很有興趣。故選D?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段“Later,in1990,WilsonandGermanbiologistBertH?lldoblerpublishedtheirPulitzer-winningTheAnts.Itdetailedtheinsects’socialstructurethatwasbothvaluedbyscholarsandaccessibletogeneralreaders.(后來，在1990年，威爾遜和德國生物學(xué)家伯特H?lldobler發(fā)表了他們的普利策獎(jiǎng)獲獎(jiǎng)作品《螞蟻》。這本書詳細(xì)描述了這種昆蟲的社會(huì)結(jié)構(gòu)，不僅受到學(xué)者的重視，也為一般讀者所接受)”可知，威爾遜的第一本獲得普利策獎(jiǎng)的書是關(guān)于螞蟻的社會(huì)結(jié)構(gòu)。故選A。【6題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中“Theseaccomplishmentsofferedhimatypeofsuperstarstatus,butfriendsandcolleaguessaythepoliteSouthernerremaineddowntoearth.“ProfessorWilsonreallylistenedandengagedwithwhomeverhewasinteractingwith,”saidCorrieS.Moreau,whowasoneofWilson'sfinaladvisees.(這些成就給他帶來了一種超級(jí)明星的地位，但朋友和同事們說，這位禮貌的南方人仍然腳踏實(shí)地?！巴栠d教授真的很認(rèn)真地傾聽和參與他所接觸的人，”威爾遜最后的學(xué)生之一CorrieS.Moreau說)”可推知，Wilson很謙虛。故選B?！?題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段中“EdwardO.Wilson,knownas“antman”,wasbornonJune10,1929,inBirmingham,Alabama.(EdwardO.Wilson，人稱“蟻人”，1929年6月10日出生于阿拉巴馬州的伯明翰)”結(jié)合文章主要介紹了被稱為“蟻人”的EdwardO.Wilson的個(gè)人經(jīng)歷以及所取得的成就?？芍?，A選項(xiàng)“開拓先驅(qū)‘蟻人’”最符合文章標(biāo)題。故選A。CIndianstepwellsarenothingnew,havingprovidedaccesstofreshwaterforyearsbeforetheywereabandoned.AndwhiletheyareapartofIndianculturalheritage,theyhadlosttheirpurposeforsometime,untilnow.AstheextremedroughtsarerockingIndia,theseancientstepwellsarerestoredforwhattheydobest-providingwater.Shapedlikeanupside-downpyramiddiggingintothegroundandlinedbythousandsofsteps,stepwellscancollectrainwater.Theyarewonderfullyefficientatprovidingwaterfornearly1,500years.Sadly,over3,000stepwellshaveeitherbeenabandonedorlefttorot,withsomeevencoveredbygarbage.Now,thankstotherestorationprogramme(alsoknownasBAORIS),stepwellswillcomefullcircle.Sincetherestorationprocessbegan,atleast15wellshavebeenrestoredinthecityofDelhi.Thecostwillbearound$60,000,butbydoingso,thewatersupplyforthecitycouldreachanadditional33,000gallons.RajkumarSharma,alocalcitizen,said,“Iwaselatedatthereuseofthestepwells.Thestepwellinourvillagewastheonlysourceofwater.Withtime,ithaddriedupandchangedintoaplaceforrubbish.Wenowhaveaccesstocleanwaterfordrinkingandotherpurposes.”HistorianRanaSafviexplained,“Costlyandpainstakingasthisprogramis,repairingthesetraditionalstepwellstotheirformergloryprovideswaterformany.Butapartfromthat,italsospotlightsthebeautifularchitecturefeaturesofancientIndia.Thishelpsattracttouristsandcanalsobeusedinreligiousceremonies.”Sheadded,“ThesestepwellrestorationsnotonlyhelpIndiareducetheimpactofdrought,buttheyareapromiseofabetterfutureforIndiaoverall.”8.WhyarethestepwellsinIndiarestored?A.Theyhaveanewpurpose. B.Theyareculturalheritage.C.Theycaneasewatershortage. D.Theyareinpoorconditions.9.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“elated”inParagraph3mean?A.Encouraged. B.Shocked. C.Impressed. D.Thrilled.10.What’sRanaSafvi’sattitudetotheprogram?A.Cautious. B.Favorable. C.Tolerant. D.Uncaring.11.Whatdoesthistextmainlytalkabout?A.Stepwellsarebroughtbacktolife. B.StepwellsmakeIndiamoreattractive.C.Stepwellsofferanewsolutiontodrought. D.StepwellsprovideconvenienceforIndians.【8~11題答案】【答案】8.C9.D10.B11.A【解析】【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文。文章主要說明了由于干旱，印度開始修復(fù)階梯井來緩解水資源短缺。文章介紹了階梯井的結(jié)構(gòu)以及人們對此項(xiàng)目的不同看法。【8題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中“AstheextremedroughtsarerockingIndia,theseancientstepwellsarerestoredforwhattheydobest-providingwater.(由于印度正經(jīng)歷著極端的干旱，這些古老的階梯井被修復(fù)來做它們最擅長的事情——提供水)”可知，修復(fù)印度的階梯井是因?yàn)樗鼈兛梢跃徑馑Y源短缺。故選C?！?題詳解】詞句猜測題。根據(jù)劃線詞后文“Thestepwellinourvillagewastheonlysourceofwater.Withtime,ithaddriedupandchangedintoaplaceforrubbish.Wenowhaveaccesstocleanwaterfordrinkingandotherpurposes.(我們村的階梯井是唯一的水源。隨著時(shí)間的推移，它已經(jīng)干涸，變成了裝一個(gè)垃圾的地方。我們現(xiàn)在有了清潔的飲用水和其他用途)”可知，當(dāng)?shù)鼐用馬ajkumarSharm對于重新利用階梯井感到激動(dòng)。劃線詞意思是“激動(dòng)的”。A.Encouraged.受鼓舞的；B.Shocked.震驚的；C.Impressed.印象深刻的；D.Thrilled.激動(dòng)的。故選D。【10題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“HistorianRanaSafviexplained,“Costlyandpainstakingasthisprogramis,repairingthesetraditionalstepwellstotheirformergloryprovideswaterformany.Butapartfromthat,italsospotlightsthebeautifularchitecturefeaturesofancientIndia.Thishelpsattracttouristsandcanalsobeusedinreligiousceremonies.”Sheadded,“ThesestepwellrestorationsnotonlyhelpIndiareducetheimpactofdrought,buttheyareapromiseofabetterfutureforIndiaoverall.”(歷史學(xué)家RanaSafvi解釋說：“盡管這個(gè)項(xiàng)目耗資巨大，非常艱苦，但修復(fù)這些傳統(tǒng)階梯井的輝煌為許多人提供了水源。除此之外，它還突出了古印度美麗的建筑特色。這有助于吸引游客，也可以用于宗教儀式?！彼a(bǔ)充說：“這些階梯井的修復(fù)不僅有助于印度減少干旱的影響，而且是對印度整體更美好未來的承諾?！?”可推知，RanaSafvi支持這個(gè)項(xiàng)目。故選B?！?1題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段“Indianstepwellsarenothingnew,havingprovidedaccesstofreshwaterforyearsbeforetheywereabandoned.AndwhiletheyareapartofIndianculturalheritage,theyhadlosttheirpurposeforsometime,untilnow.AstheextremedroughtsarerockingIndia,theseancientstepwellsarerestoredforwhattheydobest-providingwater.(在印度，階梯井并不是什么新鮮事，在被廢棄之前，它已經(jīng)為人們提供了多年的淡水供應(yīng)。雖然它們是印度文化遺產(chǎn)的一部分，但直到現(xiàn)在，它們已經(jīng)有一段時(shí)間失去了意義。由于印度正經(jīng)歷著極端的干旱，這些古老的階梯井被修復(fù)來做它們最擅長的事情——提供水)”結(jié)合文章主要說明了由于干旱，印度開始修復(fù)階梯井來緩解水資源短缺。文章介紹了階梯井的結(jié)構(gòu)以及人們對此項(xiàng)目的不同看法。可知，文章主要講了階梯井起死回生。故選A。DWithroundsofpioneeringspaceflightsthatcouldsetthestageforfuturespacetourism,itisworthlookingatwhatmightbeinvolvedforthehumanexplorationofMars,thoughit'slikelydecadesaway.Technologicalchallengesaside,aswecontinuetoexpandourexplorationofMars,thereisaquestion:Whatmightbethelessonsofpastvoyagesofdiscoverythatweshouldthinkabout?Humanexplorationhasledtomanyextraordinarynewdiscoveries,butithasalsoledtotheexploitationofresources.NotlongafterearlyEuropeansettlersarrivedatAmerica,theydeclaredtheirindependenceandcreatedtheconstitutionbywhichmodernAmericansocietyfunctions.However,thisdidnotpreventthesettlersfromreferringtonativepeopleassavagesandtakingawaytheirrightstoliberty,happiness,andevensurvival.NativeAmericanswerequicklykilledbywarsandnewdiseasesasthenewsettlersexpandedtheirland.Thenaturalenvironment,withwhichtheyhadestablishedaharmoniousrelationship,wassimilarlydestroyedbythesettlement.Marscertainlyhasanimpossibleenvironmentforhumanlife,butonMars,humanswillbetheinvasivespecies.WillourlandingonmarsbreaktheecosystemonMars?ItispossiblethatMarshasidealmineralsforfuturedevelopment.Butapartfromtechnologychallenges,willthemininghaveadisastrousenvironmentimpactonthisredneighbourasithasalreadyhadonEarth?Theachievementsofspaceexplorationarecertainlytobeapplauded.Thecontributionsoftherelatedresearchesonchemistry,medicineandmanyothersarepotentiallylimitless.However,aswelooktoexploringworldsbeyondourown,weneedtobeginnowtolookathistorytoconsiderhowbesttoengagewithdifferentlifeforms,culturesandenvironments.Wemaybecapableofwritingalaw,butwefirstneedtoclearourpotentialinvasiveimpactonanotherplanetthatmaybecompletelydefenseless.12.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“this”inParagraph2referto?A.ModernAmericansociety. B.Thecreationofconstitution.C.ThesettlementofEuropeans. D.Theexploitationofresources.13.What'stheauthor’sconcernabouttheexplorationofMars?A.HumanscannotsurviveonMars.B.HumansmaybringnewdiseasestoMars.C.TheexplorationmaydestroyMars'ecosystem.D.TechnologychallengeswillmakeminingonMarshard.14.What'stheauthor’ssuggestionforfuturespaceexploring?A.Makingrelevantlawsproperly. B.Conductingmorescientificresearches.C.Predictingitsimpactsonotherplanets. D.Learningfrompastexplorationexperiences.15.Whichcolumnisthistextmostprobablytakenfrom?A.Opinion. B.History. C.Technology. D.Environment.【12~15題答案】【答案】12.B13.C14.D15.A【解析】【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文。文章主要說明了人類的探索帶來了許多非凡的新發(fā)現(xiàn)，但它也導(dǎo)致了資源的開發(fā)，對此作者認(rèn)為我們應(yīng)該從過去的發(fā)現(xiàn)之旅中吸取教訓(xùn)，考慮對火星的探索會(huì)破壞火星生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的問題?！?2題詳解】詞句猜測題。根據(jù)劃線詞上文“NotlongafterearlyEuropeansettlersarrivedatAmerica,theydeclaredtheirindependenceandcreatedtheconstitutionbywhichmodernAmericansocietyfunctions.(早期的歐洲殖民者到達(dá)美洲后不久，他們宣布獨(dú)立，并制定了現(xiàn)代美國社會(huì)運(yùn)行所依據(jù)的憲法)”以及劃線詞后文“didnotpreventthesettlersfromreferringtonativepeopleassavagesandtakingawaytheirrightstoliberty,happiness,andevensurvival”可知，雖然早期的歐洲殖民者到達(dá)美洲，制定了憲法，但是憲法的制定并不能阻止定居者將土著人稱為野蠻人，并剝奪他們的自由、幸福甚至生存的權(quán)利。this指的是“憲法的制定”。故選B。13題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中“Butapartfromtechnologychallenges,willthemininghaveadisastrousenvironmentimpactonthisredneighbourasithasalreadyhadonEarth?(但是除了技術(shù)上的挑戰(zhàn)，采礦是否會(huì)對這個(gè)紅色鄰居造成災(zāi)難性的環(huán)境影響，就像它在地球上已經(jīng)造成的那樣？)”可知，作者對火星探索的關(guān)注是探索可能會(huì)破壞火星的生態(tài)系統(tǒng)。故選C?！?4題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中“Technologicalchallengesaside,aswecontinuetoexpandourexplorationofMars,thereisaquestion:Whatmightbethelessonsofpastvoyagesofdiscoverythatweshouldthinkabout?(撇開技術(shù)挑戰(zhàn)不談，隨著我們繼續(xù)擴(kuò)大對火星的探索，還有一個(gè)問題：我們應(yīng)該從過去的發(fā)現(xiàn)之旅中吸取什么教訓(xùn)？)”以及最后一段中“However,aswelooktoexploringworldsbeyondourown,weneedtobeginnowtolookathistorytoconsiderhowbesttoengagewithdifferentlifeforms,culturesandenvironments.(然而，當(dāng)我們著眼于探索我們自己以外的世界時(shí)，我們需要從現(xiàn)在開始審視歷史，考慮如何最好地融入不同的生命形式、文化和環(huán)境)”可知，作者建議未來的太空探索借鑒以往的探索經(jīng)驗(yàn)。故選D?！?5題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段“Withroundsofpioneeringspaceflightsthatcouldsetthestageforfuturespacetourism,itisworthlookingatwhatmightbeinvolvedforthehumanexplorationofMars,thoughit'slikelydecadesaway.Technologicalchallengesaside,aswecontinuetoexpandourexplorationofMars,thereisaquestion:Whatmightbethelessonsofpastvoyagesofdiscoverythatweshouldthinkabout?(隨著幾輪開創(chuàng)性的太空飛行為未來的太空旅游奠定了基礎(chǔ)，我們有必要看看人類對火星的探索可能涉及到什么，盡管這可能需要幾十年的時(shí)間。撇開技術(shù)挑戰(zhàn)不談，隨著我們繼續(xù)擴(kuò)大對火星的探索，還有一個(gè)問題：我們應(yīng)該從過去的發(fā)現(xiàn)之旅中吸取什么教訓(xùn)？)”結(jié)合文章主要說明了人類的探索帶來了許多非凡的新發(fā)現(xiàn)，但它也導(dǎo)致了資源的開發(fā)，對此作者認(rèn)為我們應(yīng)該從過去的發(fā)現(xiàn)之旅中吸取教訓(xùn)，考慮對火星的探索會(huì)破壞火星生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的問題?？赏浦?，這篇文章最可能來自“觀點(diǎn)”一欄。故選A。第二節(jié)（共5小題；每小題2分，滿分10分）根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)，選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。Goodsportsmanshipisoneofthemostimportantlessonsthatyourkidscanlearnfromcompetition.Buthowdoyouteachyourkidsgoodsportsmanship?Herearesometips.Setagoodexample.Thefirstrolemodelthatyourkidswillhaveingamesisyou.Whatbehavioryoumodelwillhavethebiggestinfluenceonyourkids.____16____Bydoingso,yourkidswilllearnfromyouunconsciouslyandgainmorepopularity.____17____Thecoachisalwayslookingforthebestdecisionforthegoodofthewholeteam.____18____Yourkidsmayfeelupsetatfirst.Butshowinggoodsportsmanshipmeansplacingtheteam'sneedsabovetheirown,soyoushouldteachyourkidstotrustthecoach’sjudgement.Rememberyouaretheparent,notthecoach.Yourjobasaparentisdifferentfromajobasacoach.Asaparent,youaretheretoguideallofyourkids'experiencesandnotfocusondemandingperformance.However,ifyouseeacoachdemandingtoomuch,speakup.____19____Maintainagoodattitudetobothwinningandlosing.Goodsportsmanshipalsorequiresapositiveattitudetoboththevictoryandthedefeat.Pushingyourkidstoohardmaydrivethemtoquit.____20____It'salsoagoodideatofindpositiveplaystotalkaboutanddiscusslessonstobelearnedafter.A.Teachyourkidstoputteamsfirst.B.Tellyourkidstolistentothecoach.C.However,findingagoodrolemodelisnotaneasyjob.D.Afterall,youarealsoanadvocateforyourkidsifneeded.E.Thismeanstheroleofyourkidsmaybereducedorchanged.F.Youneedtobenicetoallpeopleonthecourt,eventheopponents.G.Instead,whatevertheresultsare,alwaystellthemyouareproudofthem.【16~20題答案】【答案】16.F17.B18.E19.D20.G【解析】【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文。良好的體育精神是你的孩子可以從競爭中學(xué)到的最重要的課程之一。文章主要就如何教會(huì)你的孩子擁有良好的體育精神提出了一些建議?！?6題詳解】根據(jù)上文“Setagoodexample.Thefirstrolemodelthatyourkidswillhaveingamesisyou.Whatbehavioryoumodelwillhavethebiggestinfluenceonyourkids.(樹立一個(gè)好榜樣。你的孩子在游戲中的第一個(gè)榜樣就是你自己。你所模仿的行為將對你的孩子產(chǎn)生最大的影響)”以及后文“Bydoingso,yourkidswilllearnfromyouunconsciouslyandgainmorepopularity.(通過這樣做，你的孩子會(huì)在不知不覺中向你學(xué)習(xí)，并獲得更多的人氣)”可知，上文提到了榜樣作用對孩子的影響，推測本句是在說明具體怎么做：對球場上的所有人友善，甚至是對手，與后文獲得人氣相呼應(yīng)。F選項(xiàng)“你需要對球場上的所有人友善，甚至是對手”符合語境，故選F?！?7題詳解】根據(jù)后文“Thecoachisalwayslookingforthebestdecisionforthegoodofthewholeteam.(教練總是在尋找對全隊(duì)有利的最佳決策)”可知，后文提到了教練的作用，可見要聽教練的話，B選項(xiàng)中coach對應(yīng)后文中coach。B選項(xiàng)“告訴你的孩子聽教練的話”符合語境，故選B?！?8題詳解】根據(jù)上文“Thecoachisalwayslookingforthebestdecisionforthegoodofthewholeteam.(教練總是在尋找對全隊(duì)有利的最佳決策)”以及后文“Yourkidsmayfeelupsetatfirst.(你的孩子一開始可能會(huì)感到不安)”可知，后文提到了孩子一開始感到不安，可見本句是在說明教練采取了對孩子不利的決策，E選項(xiàng)“這意味著你的孩子的角色可能會(huì)減少或改變”符合語境，故選E?！?9題詳解】根據(jù)上文“Rememberyouaretheparent,notthecoach.Yourjobasaparentisdifferentfromajobasacoach.Asaparent,youaretheretoguideallofyourkids'experiencesandnotfocusondemandingperformance.However,ifyouseeacoachdemandingtoomuch,speakup.(記住，你是家長，而不是教練。你作為父母的工作與作為教練的工作是不同的。作為一名家長，你要引導(dǎo)孩子的所有經(jīng)歷，而不是關(guān)注苛刻的表現(xiàn)。然而，如果你看到教練要求太多，那就大聲說出來)”可知，上文提到如果看到教練有太多要求，要大聲說出來，本句為本段最后一句，應(yīng)承接上文說明原因：你也是你孩子的支持者。D選項(xiàng)“畢竟，如果需要的話，你也是你孩子的支持者”符合語境，故選D?！?0題詳解】根據(jù)上文“Maintainagoodattitudetobothwinningandlosing.Goodsportsmanshipalsorequiresapositiveattitudetoboththevictoryandthedefeat.Pushingyourkidstoohardmaydrivethemtoquit.(無論輸贏，都要保持良好的心態(tài)。良好的體育精神也需要對勝利和失敗都有積極的態(tài)度。把你的孩子逼得太緊可能會(huì)讓他們放棄)”可知，上文強(qiáng)調(diào)了良好的體育精神也需要對勝利和失敗都有積極的態(tài)度，把你的孩子逼得太緊可能會(huì)讓他們放棄，本句與上文構(gòu)成轉(zhuǎn)折，指出不能太過強(qiáng)調(diào)輸贏的結(jié)果，重在支持孩子，G選項(xiàng)“相反，無論結(jié)果如何，總是告訴他們你為他們感到驕傲”符合語境，故選G。第三部分語言知識(shí)運(yùn)用（共兩節(jié)，滿分45分）第一節(jié)完形填空（共20小題；每小題1.5分，滿分30分）閱讀下面短文，從短文后各題所給的A、B、C和D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。EbraFerrellgotthestandardwellwishesonsocialmediaonher53rdbirthday.Meanwhile,shegotsome____21____messagestoo.Onewasaboutafamilywhohadjust____22____theirfour-year-oldsonduetocancer.Hisolderbrotherwasespecially____23____.CouldFerrellhelp?That____24____andthe30orsootherslikeitwereexactlywhatFerrellwaslookingfor.Tocelebrateher53rd,the____25____socialservicesweetiehadputouta(n)____26____onsocialmedia.Shewantedto____27____53randomactsofkindnessbytheendofherbirthmonth,andsheneeded____28____onpeoplewhocoulduseone.Whenshegotthenoteaboutthefamily,shesentawindchimewiththewords“Listentothewindand____29____thatIamnear”carvedonit.Itnow____30____inthefour-year-old'sbedroom,wherehisbrothercangotolistentoitwheneverhewants.ThisisnotthefirsttimethatFerrellhasdecidedtogive____31____forherbirthday.Forher47th,she____32____LovewithSkinOn,anorganizationdevotedtodoing____33____deedsinhertownandbeyond.Itsmottoissimple:BeLove,DoStuff.Overtheyears,Ferrellhas____34____andtouchedwellover100strangers,somefoundviasocialmediacallouts,otherswith____35____fromhergrandkids.Ferrell____36____everythingherself:giftcards,pay-it-forwardpurchases,andcarepackages,aswellasthegasittakestoplayfairygodmother.Herfamilyoftengivessome____37____birthdaycashtoherwiththeir____38____nottospenditonanyoneelse,whichshe____39____ignores.“IgotacoupleofAmazongiftcardsformybirthdaythisyear,and‘YESSS!’”It'sFerrell'sparty,andshe'll____40____ifshewantsto.21.A.mysterious B.unusual C.amazing D.disturbing22.A.lost B.missed C.cured D.ignored23.A.angry B.panicked C.heartbroken D.confused24.A.message B.boy C.disease D.birthday25.A.curious B.temporary C.stressful D.longtime26.A.rule B.call C.apology D.reply27.A.offer B.count C.gather D.change28.A.suggestions B.remarks C.influence D.information29.A.hope B.know C.predict D.dream30.A.hides B.lies C.hangs D.runs31.A.performances B.instructions C.presents D.chances32.A.founded B.visited C.left D.thanked33.A.heroic B.legal C.casual D.good34.A.referredto B.reliedon C.sloweddown D.reachedout35.A.expectation B.help C.love D.description36.A.makesup B.showsoff C.paysfor D.caresabout37.A.extra B.precious C.ideal D.rare38.A.promise B.command C.warning D.decision39.A.accidentally B.fortunately C.deliberately D.naturally40.A.behave B.give C.agree D.argue【21~40題答案】【答案】21.B22.A23.C24.A25.D26.B27.A28.D29.B30.C31.C32.A33.D34.D35.B36.C37.A38.C39.D40.B【解析】【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇記敘文。主要講述了EbraFerrell長期從事社會(huì)服務(wù)，為了慶祝她53歲的生日，她想要在她出生的那個(gè)月結(jié)束前做出53個(gè)隨機(jī)的善舉，她需要知道哪些人需要這些善舉。這些年來，F(xiàn)errell已經(jīng)向100多個(gè)陌生人伸出了援助之手，其中一些人是通過社交媒體找到的，另一些人是在她的孫輩的幫助下找到的。【21題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：與此同時(shí)，她也收到了一些不尋常的信息。A.mysterious神秘的；B.unusual不尋常的；C.amazing驚人的；D.disturbing令人不安的。根據(jù)后文“theirfour-year-oldsonduetocancer”可知，這次的信息講的是一個(gè)家庭，他們四歲的兒子剛死于癌癥，所以是不尋常的應(yīng)用unusual。故選B?！?2題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：其中一個(gè)故事講的是一個(gè)家庭，他們四歲的兒子剛死于癌癥。A.lost失去；B.missed錯(cuò)過；C.cured治愈；D.ignored忽視。根據(jù)后文“theirfour-year-oldsonduetocancer”以及Ferrell為這家人提供幫助，可知這家人失去了四歲的兒子。故選A。【23題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：他的哥哥尤其傷心。A.angry憤怒的；B.panicked恐慌的；C.heartbroken心碎的；D.confused困惑的。上文提到這家人失去了四歲的兒子，所以哥哥是十分傷心。故選C?！?4題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：這條信息以及其他大約30條類似的信息正是Ferrell想要的。A.message信息；B.boy男孩；C.disease疾病；D.birthday生日。呼應(yīng)上文“messagestoo”指收到的信息。故選A?！?5題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：為了慶祝她的53歲生日，這位長期從事社會(huì)服務(wù)的甜心在社交媒體上發(fā)出了一個(gè)呼吁。A.curious好奇的；B.temporary暫時(shí)的；C.stressful緊張的；D.longtime長時(shí)間的。根據(jù)后文“ThisisnotthefirsttimethatFerrellhasdecidedtogive”可知，F(xiàn)errell長期從事社會(huì)服務(wù)。故選D?！?6題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：為了慶祝她的53歲生日，這位長期從事社會(huì)服務(wù)的甜心在社交媒體上發(fā)出了一個(gè)呼吁。A.rule規(guī)則；B.call電話；C.apology道歉；D.reply答復(fù)。根據(jù)后文“53randomactsofkindnessbytheendofherbirthmonth”可知，F(xiàn)errell呼吁大家做出隨意善舉。故選B?！?7題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：她想要在她出生的那個(gè)月結(jié)束前做出53個(gè)隨機(jī)的善舉，她需要知道哪些人需要這些善舉。A.offer提供；B.count計(jì)算；C.gather聚集；D.change改變。根據(jù)后文“53randomactsofkindness”指提供隨意的善舉。故選A?！?8題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：她想要在她出生的那個(gè)月結(jié)束前做出53個(gè)隨機(jī)的善舉，她需要知道哪些人需要這些善舉。A.suggestions建議；B.remarks評(píng)論；C.influence影響；D.information信息。根據(jù)后文“onpeoplewhocoulduseone”指知道哪些人需要這些善舉的信息。故選D?！?9題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：當(dāng)她收到關(guān)于這家人的紙條時(shí)，她送了一個(gè)風(fēng)鈴，上面刻著“傾聽風(fēng)，知道我就在附近”。A.hope希望；B.know知道；C.predict預(yù)測；D.dream夢想。根據(jù)后文“thatIamnear”指聽到風(fēng)鈴就能知道我在附近。故選B。【30題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：現(xiàn)在，它掛在四歲男孩的臥室里，他的弟弟隨時(shí)都可以去聽。A.hides隱藏；B.lies撒謊；C.hangs懸掛；D.runs奔跑。根據(jù)后文“inthefour-year-old'sbedroom”指風(fēng)鈴掛在四歲男孩的臥室里，故選C?！?1題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：這已經(jīng)不是Ferrell第一次為她的生日送出禮物了。A.performances表演；B.instructions說明；C.presents禮物；D.chances機(jī)會(huì)。根據(jù)