第18講-高中新題型之短文改錯(cuò)題型解讀與解題技巧 2022年初高中英語無縫銜接講義20講+精練（原卷版）

優(yōu)點(diǎn)英語高中新題型之短文改錯(cuò)題型解讀與解題技巧題型解讀設(shè)錯(cuò)方式1）錯(cuò)詞更正82）多詞刪除13）缺詞補(bǔ)漏1短文改錯(cuò)口訣動詞形，名詞數(shù)，還要注意形和副；非謂語，細(xì)辨別，習(xí)慣用法要記??；句子成分多分析，邏輯錯(cuò)誤須關(guān)注；冠詞連詞常光顧解題技巧：動詞形：主要包括兩類錯(cuò)誤：動詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)錯(cuò)誤，以及主、謂不一致的錯(cuò)誤。動詞形常見錯(cuò)誤：1）一般過去時(shí)與一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)錯(cuò)用。2）第三人稱單數(shù)形式錯(cuò)用。第三人稱單數(shù)：Is/was2）and，but,or,also前后動詞時(shí)態(tài)不一致。(具有對稱性）4）主謂不一致。5）缺少謂語動詞1.主謂賓結(jié)構(gòu)缺少be動詞2、主系表結(jié)構(gòu)（am/is/are/was/were）6）主動語態(tài)與被動語態(tài)錯(cuò)用wash-iswashed7）usedto的運(yùn)用錯(cuò)誤例如：Myfavoritesportarefootball.(is)Nowmypictureandprizeishanginginthelibrary.(are)名詞數(shù)：指名詞單、復(fù)數(shù)形式的用法錯(cuò)誤。常表現(xiàn)為將名詞復(fù)數(shù)寫成單數(shù)。改正方法：１）根據(jù)名詞前的修飾限定成份．２）根據(jù)上下文的邏輯關(guān)系．例如：…sothatI’llgetgoodmarksinallmysubject.(subjects)還要注意形和副注意形容詞和副詞在句子中的作用和具體用法。這也是高考短文改錯(cuò)題的?？键c(diǎn)。命題特點(diǎn)及改正方法：主要考查形容詞和副詞的誤用、形容詞及副詞的比較級等。根據(jù)adj或adv的基本用法確定錯(cuò)誤；修飾系動詞(am/is/are/was/were)或名詞用形容詞；修飾行為動詞、形容詞、過去分詞及整個(gè)句子用副詞。例如：I’msurewe’llhaveawonderfullytimetogether.(wonderful)Unfortunate,therearetoomanypeopleinmyfamily.(Unfortunately)非謂語，細(xì)辨別：這是考查最多的錯(cuò)誤形式之一。主要有現(xiàn)在分詞、過去分詞，動名詞和不定式錯(cuò)誤。1）不定式todo2）動名詞doing作主語、賓語3）and連接的不定式或動名詞前后一致（尤其距離較遠(yuǎn)時(shí)）4）現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞的區(qū)別等例如：…inmysparetime,butnowIaminterestinginfootball.(interested)Playfootballnotonlymakesusgrowuptallandstrongbutalso…(playing)Myparentsloveme…andwilldoalltheycan∧makesure…(to)習(xí)慣用法要記住主要考查習(xí)慣搭配方面的基礎(chǔ)知識，其錯(cuò)誤表現(xiàn)形式主要有三種：多詞、少詞和搭配錯(cuò)誤。例如：Itwasverykindforthemtomeetmeattherailwaystationand…(of)Wemustkeepinmindthatweplayfortheteaminstead∧ourselves.(of)句子成分多分析不同的句子成分要用不同的詞類；不同的語境要選擇不同的詞語。只有對句子結(jié)構(gòu)和成分作細(xì)致的分析，才能找出用詞不當(dāng)?shù)腻e(cuò)誤。例如：They∧eagertoknoweverythingaboutChinaand…(were)IliveinBeijing,whereisthecapitalofChina.(which)邏輯錯(cuò)誤須關(guān)注與句子的上、下文不一致，甚至相矛盾，屬于邏輯性錯(cuò)誤，如稱謂上的張冠李戴。例如：TheSmithsdidhisbesttomakemefeelathome.(their)…nowayofsettingthematterexceptbysellingtheset.Nowsomeoneathomereadsinstead.(everyone)冠詞連詞常光顧：?？嫉腻e(cuò)誤形式有連詞but，and，or和so的用法錯(cuò)誤，以及冠詞的用法錯(cuò)誤等。短文改錯(cuò)解題四原則改動以最少為原則;虛詞以添加或刪除為原則;3.實(shí)詞以改變詞形為原則;4.以保持句子原意為原則。短文改錯(cuò)具體考點(diǎn)詳解考點(diǎn)1.名詞命題特點(diǎn):本來用復(fù)數(shù),卻用單數(shù).改正方法:(1)根據(jù)名詞前的修飾限定成份;(2)根據(jù)上下文的邏輯關(guān)系.典例01：1.Shesaidthatsheandmyschoolmateallwishedmesuccess.2.Afterclasswebecomestrangeratonce.3.TheywantmetodevoteallmytimetomystudiessothatI’llgetmarksinallmysubject.4.OnthewayupIwasbusytakingpicturesincethescenerywassobeautiful.5.Thereareadvantageforstudentstoworkwhilestudyingatschool.6.Hehadnoideasthatthekitchenwasnotforguests.7.Ilookedathisotherhands.考點(diǎn)2.代詞命題特點(diǎn)：1.女性代詞指代男性或相反；2.單數(shù)指代復(fù)數(shù)；3.代詞詞性誤用。改正方法：聯(lián)系上下文的邏輯關(guān)系。代詞的錯(cuò)誤特點(diǎn)：1.人稱代詞的偷換錯(cuò)誤2.缺少人稱代詞的錯(cuò)誤3.人稱代詞數(shù)的一致問題4.人稱代詞格的一致問題典例02：8.TheSmithsdidhisbesttomakemefeelathome.9.Ihaveagoodfriendwho’snameisLiuMei.10.Itwasaboutnoonwhenwearrivedatthefootofthemountain.Thethreeofthemwereveryexcited.11.SoonIbegantoenjoytalkingtomyselfonpaperasIwaslearningtoexpressmeinsimpleEnglish.12.OnedayIwrotealittlestoryandshowedtomyteacher.13.Somestudentsmayalsosaveupforourcollegeorfutureuse.14.Itookitinmeandwewalked.考點(diǎn)3.介詞命題特點(diǎn)及改正方法：介詞涉及搭配錯(cuò)誤，因此可從以下方面確定錯(cuò)誤：1）介詞的基本用法；2）習(xí)慣搭配；3）動詞詞類確定錯(cuò)誤，如talk,,serve,wait等。介詞的錯(cuò)誤：介詞短語常?？?，固定搭配要記牢。介詞后邊跟賓語，結(jié)合語境細(xì)推敲。典例03：15.Wedonotseemtogetmuchtimetotalkabouttogether.16.IwassotiredthatIfellasleepatthemomentmyheadtouchedthepillow.17.ThemainproblemwasinthatIalwaysthoughtinChineseandtriedtotranslateanythingintoEnglish.18.We’lltalkwithourplanfortheweekendoverdinner.19.Iamwritingtothankyouwithyourkindhelp.20.Hewaslookingforaglassthecupboard.21.Eachtheselinesstandsforatroubleinmylife.

考點(diǎn)4時(shí)態(tài)命題特點(diǎn)及改正方法：現(xiàn)在時(shí)與過去時(shí)的誤用，句中一般沒有時(shí)間狀語。每年都考。要注意聯(lián)系上下文，著眼于整個(gè)語篇的時(shí)態(tài)。通常整篇都是過去，突然一個(gè)句子用現(xiàn)在時(shí)。其中又以一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)和過去時(shí)互改為多。典例04：22.Theydidnotwantmetodoanyworkathome;theywantmetodevoteallmytimetomystudiessothat---23.Thetimepassesquickly.Eveningcame.24.Shelikeditverymuchandreadsittotheclass.25.Idon’tknowthattheydon’tliketotalkwithme.Sometimes,wetalkedtoeachotherverywellinclass.26.Iwillwriteagainandsendyouthephotoswetaketogether.27.WehadguestslastnightwhohavenotstayedinaB&Bhotelago.考點(diǎn)5.and\but\or誤用及前后不一致命題特點(diǎn)：主要考查and、or、but、so等并列連詞的誤用。However與although/though不能同時(shí)出現(xiàn)改正方法；1）根據(jù)句意確定誤；2）根據(jù)句子的邏輯關(guān)系確定錯(cuò)誤。典例05：28.Sheissmilingatmebutnoddingatme.29.Itlooksasifmyparentstreatmeasavisitorandaguest.30.Thefoodwasexpensiveandtheservicewasgood.31.Icameintothelivingroomandsawoneofthemjustgothroughthekitchendoorbutturnonthelight.32.Wefedmonkeys,visitingtemplesandtoldstories.33.Shelikeditverymuchandreadsittotheclass.考點(diǎn)6.從句連詞命題特點(diǎn)及改正方法：句子結(jié)構(gòu)方面的錯(cuò)誤主要涉及句子成份和復(fù)合句的關(guān)聯(lián)詞等。解答這類題從以下方面來思考：1）句子結(jié)構(gòu)是否完整，成份是否冗缺；2）復(fù)合句中從句的關(guān)系詞或引導(dǎo)詞的運(yùn)用是否得當(dāng)?shù)?。平行結(jié)構(gòu)常使用等立連詞and,but,or或連詞詞組notonly…butalso…,either…or…,neither…nor…遵循就近原則。主語+With,togetherwith,aswellas,besides，動詞與主語一致and，but,or,also前后動詞時(shí)態(tài)不一致。(具有對稱性）典例06：34.Itwasaboutnoonwearrivedatthefootofthemountain.35.Idon’tknowthattheydon’tliketotalkwithme.36.ThemainproblemwasinthatIalwaysthoughtinChineseandtriedtotranslateeverythingintoEnglish.37.Whatthingsareinotherhomes,Iwonder.38.Earningtheirownmoneyallowsthemtospendonanythingasiftheyplease.39.Theydidnotwantbreakfastbecausethattheyweregoingoutearlyinthemorning.考點(diǎn)7.冠詞命題特點(diǎn)及改正方法：英語中冠詞只有三個(gè)，只能從以下幾個(gè)方向出題：1）不定冠詞a和an互改；2）不定冠詞a或an和定冠詞the互改；3）根據(jù)需要增刪冠詞。典例07：40.Aseveryoneknows,it’sfamousmountainwithallkindsofplantsandanimals.41.Wemaybeonefamilyandliveunderasameroof,but---42.OnThursdayIwillhavetodecidewhatIwanttodooveraweekend.43.Ihopeyou’vehadpleasantjourneyhome考點(diǎn)8.形容詞和副詞命題特點(diǎn)及改正方法：主要考查形容詞和副詞的誤用、形容詞及副詞的比較級等。1）根據(jù)adj.或adv.的基本用法確定錯(cuò)誤；2）修飾連系動詞或名詞用形容詞；3）修飾行為動詞、形容詞、過去分詞及整個(gè)句子用副詞。典例08：44.Iwoulddescribemyselfasshyandquietly.45.TherehavebeenreportsinAmericaaboutpeopletryingtostealpersoninformationforbadpurposes.46.FindinginformationontheNetiseasily.47.SowhatIlearnedfromthejobwasmuchmoreimportantaswhatIearned.48.Mypronunciationwasterribly.49.Theycamebacklatelyandhadsometea.考點(diǎn)9.非謂語動詞命題特點(diǎn)改正方法：謂語動詞和非謂語動詞的錯(cuò)用；動詞不定式和動名詞的錯(cuò)用；3）現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞的錯(cuò)用等。典例09：50.Earningtheirownmoneyallowthemtospendonanythingastheyplease.51.MyparentswilldoalltheycanmakesurethatIgetagoodeducation.52.SoonIbegantoenjoytalktomyselfonpaperasIwaslearningtoexpressmyselfinsimpleEnglish.53.Wefedmonkeys,visitingtemplesandtoldstories.54.Somestudentsmayalsotosaveupforourcollegeorfutureuse.檢測訓(xùn)練能力提升Test11．（2021·四川·成都市郫都區(qū)川科外國語學(xué)校高一開學(xué)考試）假定英語課上老師要求同桌之間交換修改作文，請你修改你同桌寫的以下作文。文中共有5處語言錯(cuò)誤，每句中最多有兩處。每處錯(cuò)誤僅涉及一個(gè)單詞的增加、刪除或修改。增加：在缺詞處加一個(gè)漏字符號（∧），并在其下面寫出該加的詞。刪除：把多余的詞用斜線（\）劃掉。修改：在錯(cuò)的詞下劃一橫線，并在該詞下面寫出修改后的詞。注意：1.每處錯(cuò)誤及其修改均僅限一詞；2.只允許修改5處，多者（從第6處起）不計(jì)分。Itiswellknownthatexerciseisimportantly.Inourschool,wehavetodoanhour'sexerciseeveryday.Manystudentsareveryhappy.Intheonehour,someofusplaybasketball,footballandpingpong,andsomeranaroundtheplayground.Anyoneistalkingandlaughing.Ilovethisactivityverymuch.Ialsohopethattherewillbemoreandmoresunlightsportinourlifeafterschool.Thatnotonlymakesushappy,butalsomakesourbodyhealth.Test2（2020·四川·三臺中學(xué)實(shí)驗(yàn)學(xué)校高一開學(xué)考試）WhenIwaslittle,Friday’snightwasourfamilygamenight.Aftersupper,wewouldplaycardgamesofallsortsinthesittingroom.Asthekid,Ilovedtowatchthecartoons,butnomatterhowmanytimesIaskedtowatchthem,myparentswouldnottoletme.Theywouldsaytomethatplayingcardgameswouldhelpmybrain.StillIunwillingtoplaythegameswiththemsometimes.Idon’trealizehowrightmyparentswereuntilIenteredhighschool.ThegamesmyparentstaughtmewhenIwasachildturnedouttobeveryusefullaterinmylife.Test3（2021·陜西省子洲中學(xué)高一開學(xué)考試）Readinghadalotofbenefits.Itcanopenupoureyesbecauseofbooksarefullofknowledge.IlikereadingnewspapersandmagazinesfromthatIgetlotsoffunandlearnaboutwhat’sgoingonaroundtheworld.Ialsoreadstorybooksornovelswhichmakemerelaxingandhappy.Iseldomreade-bookbecausetheyarebadforeyes.Onweekends,Iusuallyspendawholeafternoonreadinthelibrary.AndIalsoreadforabouthalfthehourbeforegoingtothebedeverynight.NowIamgoingtoreadmoreclassicsaswellasEnglishbooksimprovemylanguageskills.I’msurereadingcanmakeadifferencetoourlife.Test4（2022·青?！の鲗幨泻：袑W(xué)高一開學(xué)考試）WhenIwasinprimaryschool,Iwasquitegoodindoingsit-ups.Insixthgrade,Itookpartinthesit-upcompetitionbetweenschool.MygymnasticspracticeshelpedIprepare.Still,Iwasnervous.Thatday,mymom,teachers,andmyclassmatescheermeon.Afteranhourmystomachhurt.Ithoughtabouthowmymomhadjustfinishedherrunningraceof42kilometers.Thatencouragedmekeepgoing.Finally,Idid2,110sit-upsandfinishedinfirstplace.Icouldn’tbelieveit!Iwastiring,soIfeltgreat.AllthekidsaroundlookedatmelikeI’djustdonesomethinggreatly.Thatmademeprideofmyself.Test5（2022·四川·雅安中學(xué)高一開學(xué)考試）Ihadinterestingdreamlastnight.IdreamedthatItookpartinaraceinmyschoolsportsmeeting.Atfirst,Icouldnottorunveryfastandfellbehind.SoIdidn’tloseheartandkeptrunning.Allthestudentontheplaygroundcheeredmeon,“Comeon!”IwassoencouragingthatIranfasterandfasteruntilIcaughtupwithalltheotherrunners.Ifeltlikeasuperman.Intheend,Igottothefinishinglinefirst.Iwintherace.Ifeltveryproudlyofmyself.Myclassmateswhichwereveryexcitedthrewmeupintotheair.JustatthatmomentIwokeupandfoundmestilllyinginbed!Whatinterestingthedreamwas!Test6（2022·河南·林州一中高一開學(xué)考試）Knowingyou’reinterestedinChinesefood,whatgladIam!Atyourrequest,I’dliketorecommendtomatoandeggnoodlessinceyouarethenewlearner.Firstly,thisisatraditionalChinesedishpreparingeasily.Also,ittakeslesstimeandpopularwithpeoplewhoareverybusytocookabigmeal.Mostimportantly,youcanlearnaboutitsnamethatitmainlyneedsthreekindofmaterials—noodles,tomatoesandeggs.Bothofthemareeasytocomebyinourdailylife.YoucanfindoutdetailedcookingstepsontheblogIposttheotherday.Hopeyoucanmakeit!Test7（2022·云南·梁河縣第一中學(xué)高一開學(xué)考試）WhenIwasyoungIdidnotknowmuchabouttheharmfuleffectofsmoking.Ididnotknow,forexample,thatitcoulddoterribledamageyourheartandlungsorthatitismoredifficultforsmokecouplestobecomepregnant.Icertaindidnotknowtheirbabiesmayhaveasmallerbirthweightorevenbenormalinsomeway.NeitherdoIknowthatmycigarettesmokecouldaffectthehealthyofnon-smokers.However,thatIdidknowwasthatmygirlfriendthoughtIsmeltterrible.Shesaidmybreathandmyclothessmelt,andthattheendsofmyfingerswereturningtoyellow.Test8（2022·新疆·昌吉回族自治州第一中學(xué)高一開學(xué)考試）WhenIlivedinGermany,Idecidedtogoshoppingoneday,andIdriveintodowntown.IwasverypleasedbecauseofIfoundaparkingspaceimmediately.Itwasratherunusual.Ididmyshopping,thatonlytookhalfanhourandIwentbacktomycar.Tomygreatlysurprise,itwasnolongerongroundbutitwasintheair.IreallydidnotknowwhattodoatthatpointbutIwenttothepolicestation.Thepolicemanwereverykindtome.TheytoldmeIparkedattheentrancetothecarparkandasaresult,everybodycouldgetoutofthecarpark.ThenIwantedtolaughandcriedatthesametime.Itmademeembarrassing.Test9（2022·四川省綿陽南山中學(xué)高一開學(xué)考試）IoncehadacutepetdogcallingJerry.EverydaywhenIgethomefromschool,Jerrywouldruntothedoororgivemeawarmwelcome.Iwouldthenpickhimupandtouchhisheadgentle.Oneday,whenIreturnedhomeawayfromschool,Ididn’tseeJerryatthedoor.MymothertoldmethatJerryhaddiedinaccident.MyheartbrokewhenIheardthis.Inthefollowingtwoweek,Icouldnothelpgotohislittlehouse,butitwasempty.Irealizedthatshehadleftme.IjusthopetherearenoaccidentsintheworldwhichJerrylivesnow.Test10（2022·四川成都·高一開學(xué)考試）LastSpringFestival,IpaidvisittouncleLiinthecountrysidewithmyparents.ItwasnotthefirsttimethatIhadstayedinthecountryside,andIstillfeltexcitedandinteresting.Differentfromlivinginthecity,Icouldalwaysgetquitecloselytonature,enjoyingthebrightsunshineandfreshair.Butwhatthatamazedmemostmaybethegreatchangesthathavetakenpla