【備考2019】初中定語從句專項講解與練習(xí)

定語從句（初中）在復(fù)合句中，修飾某一名詞或代詞的從句叫定語從句。被修飾的名詞或代詞叫先行詞，定語從句一般放在先行詞的后面。二、定語從句的關(guān)系詞引導(dǎo)定語從句的關(guān)系詞有關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞，常見的關(guān)系代詞包括that，which，who（賓格whom，所有格whose）等，關(guān)系副詞包括where，when，why等。關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞放在先行詞及定語從句之間起連接作用，同時又作定語從句的重要成分。三、定語從句的分類根據(jù)定語從句與先行詞的關(guān)系，定語從句可分為限制性定語從句及非限制性定語從句。限制性定語從句緊跟先行詞，主句與從句不用逗號分開，從句不可省去，非限制性定語從句主句與從句之間有逗號分開，起補充說明作用，如省去，意思仍完整。四、關(guān)系代詞的用法1.that既可以用于指人，也可以用于指物。在從句中作主語或賓語。例如：Marylikesmusicthatisquietandgentle.（that作主語）Thecoat（that）Iputonthedeskisblue.（that作賓語）2.which用于指物，在句中作主語或賓語。例如：Thebuildingwhichstandsnearthetrainstationisasupermarket.（作主語）Thefilm（which）wesawlastnightwaswonderful.（作賓語）3.who，whom用于指人，who用作主語，whom用作賓語。在口語中，有時可用who代替whom。例如：ThegirlwhooftenhelpsmewithmyEnglishisfromEngland.（作主語）Whoistheteacher（whom）LiMingistalkingto？（作賓語）注意：1）當(dāng)關(guān)系代詞在定語從句中充當(dāng)賓語時，who、that、which可省略，但介詞在關(guān)系代詞前時，只能用“介詞+which/whom”結(jié)構(gòu)（此時關(guān)系代詞不能用that代替）。例如：Thisisthehouse(which/that)welivedinlastyear.(可省)Thisisthehouseinwhichwelivedlastyear.(不可省，關(guān)系代詞不可用that)Pleasetellme(whom/that)youborrowedtheEnglishnovelfrom.(可省)PleasetellmefromwhomyouborrowedtheEnglishnovel.(不可省，關(guān)系代詞不可用that)2）關(guān)系詞只能用that的情況：a.先行詞被序數(shù)詞或形容詞最高級所修飾，或本身是序數(shù)詞、基數(shù)詞、形容詞最高級時，只能用that，而不用which.例如：Hewasthefirstpersonthatpassedtheexam.ThisisthemostbeautifulplacethatIhavebeento.b.被修飾的先行詞為all，any，much，many，everything，anything，none，theone等不定代詞時，只能用that，而不用which.例如：Isthereanythingthatyouwanttobuyintheshop？=Ididn'tunderstandthewordsallthathesaid.c.先行詞被theonly，thevery，thesame，thelast，little，few，no，just等詞修飾時，只能用that，而不用which.例如：ThisisthesamebikethatIlost.這就是我丟的那輛自行車。d.先行詞里同時含有人或物時，只能用that，而不用which.例如：IcanrememberwellthepersonsandsomepicturesthatIsawintheroom.e.以who或which引導(dǎo)的特殊疑問句，為避免重復(fù)，只能用that.例如：Whoisthegirlthatiscrying？正在哭泣的那個女孩是誰？f.主句是therebe結(jié)構(gòu)，修飾主語的定語從句用that，而不用which.例如：ThereisabookonthedeskthatbelongstoTom.桌子上那本書是湯姆的。3）關(guān)系詞只能用which，而不用that的情況：a.先行詞為that，those時，用which，而不用that.例如：What’sthatwhichisunderthedesk？在桌子底下的那些東西是什么？b.關(guān)系代詞前有介詞時，一般用which，而不用that.例如：（同（1））Thisistheroominwhichhelives.這是他居住的房間。c.引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句，用which，而不用that.例如：Tomcameback，whichmadeushappy.湯姆回來了，這使我們很高興。五、關(guān)系副詞的用法（1）when指時間，其先行詞表示時間，在句中作時間狀語。例如：Thiswasthetimewhenhearrived.這是他到達的時間。（2）where指地點，其先行詞表示地點，在句中作地點狀語。例如：Thisisplacewhereheworks.這是他工作的地點。（3）why指原因，其先行詞是原因，起原因狀語作用。例如：Nobodyknowsthereasonwhyheisoftenlateforschool.沒人知道他為什么上學(xué)總遲到。注意：“介詞+which/whom”結(jié)構(gòu)有時可與其他關(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞互相轉(zhuǎn)換Thatisthehousewheremyfatherusedtolive.=Thatisthehousewhichmymotherusedtolivein.=Thatisthehouseinwhichmymotherusedtolive.上句中：inwhich=where六：練習(xí)(一)1．

Didyoufindthenotebook______Jimhadgivenmeformybirthday?A.who

B.

whom

C.which

D.whose2.That'sall______Ihaveseenandheard.

A.which

B.that

C.where

D.what3.Haveyouseentheman______planweweretalkingabout______yesterday?

A.

who,them

B.its,them

C.whose,/

D.whose,them4.TheOscarisoneofthefilmprizes______offeredtoanyChineseactororactresssofar.

A.whicharenot

B.thathavenotbeen

C.thathasnot

D.thathasnotbeen5.Heneverreadsanything______isnotworthreading.

A.that

B.as

C.who

D.which6.Theman________coatisblackiswaitingatthegate.

A.who's

B.whose

C.that

D.ofwhich7._________cleanstheclassroomcangohomefirst.

A.Anyone

B.thosewho

C.However

D.Theonewho8.Thepolicecaughttheman_______stolemyhandbag.

A.he

B.that

C.whom

D.which9.Thegirl________isreadingunderthetree________mysister.

A.which,is

B.whom,was

C.who,is

D.who,was10.GeorgeMallorywasanEnglishteacher_______

lovedclimbing.

A.who

B.whom

C.he

D.which11.Don’ttalkaboutsuchthingsof_______youarenotsure.

A.whichB.whatC.asD.Those12.Isthisthefactory__________youvisitedtheotherday?

A.thatB.whereC.inwhichD.theone

13.Isthisfactory__________someforeignfriendsvisitedlastFriday?

A.thatB.whereC.whichD.theone

14.Isthisthefactory__________heworkedtenyearsago?

A.thatB.whereC.whichD.theone

15.Thewolveshidthemselvesintheplaces__________couldn’tbefound.

A.thatB.whereC.inwhichD.inthat

16.Canyoulendmethenovel______theotherday?

A.thatyoutalkedB.youtalkedaboutit

C.whichyoutalkedwithD.youtalkedabout17.Isthereanything_______toyou?

A.thatisbelongedB.thatbelongs

C.thatbelongD.whichbelongs

18.“Howdoyoulikethebook?”

“It’squitedifferentfrom_______Ireadlastmonth.”

A.thatB.whichC.theoneD.theonewhat

19.Theywereinterested_______youtoldthem.

A.inwhichB.inthatC.allthatD.ineverything

20.Doyouknowthetownatall?

No,thisisthefirsttimeI________here.

A.wasB.havebeenC.cameD.amcoming

初中英語定語從句練習(xí)題（二）1.Istillrememberthenight_______Ifirstcametothehouse.

2.I'llneverforgettheday________wemeteachotherlastweek.

3.MrBlackisgoingtoBeijinginOctober,_______isthebestseasonthere.

4.Iwillneverforgetthedays_______Ispentwithyourfamily.

5.I'llneverforgetthelastday______wespenttogether.

6.Thisistheschool______Iusedtostudy.

7.Doyoustillremembertheplace______wevisitedlastweek?

8.Doyoustillremembertheplace_______wevisitedthepaintingexhibition?

9.HaveyoueverbeentoHangzhou,_____isfamousfortheWestLake?

10.HaveyoueverbeetoHangzhou,______liestheWestLake?

11.TomwillgotoShanghai,______livehistwobrothers.

12.IliveinBeijing,____isthecapitalofChina.

13.Therewasatime______therewereslavesintheUSA.

14.Itisthethirdtime______youhavemadethesamemistake.

15.Itwasinthestreet_____ImetJohnyesterday.

16.Itwasabout600yearsago____thefirstclockwithafaceandanhourhandwasmade.

17.Themoment_____Isawyou,Irecognized(認(rèn)出)you.

18.Thisistheverynovelabout____we'vetalkedsomuch.

19.Thisistheway____hedidit.

20.Whoisthestudent_____waslateforschooltoday?初中英語定語從句練習(xí)題（三）將下列每組句子改寫為帶有定語從句的復(fù)合句。1.Thenurseisverykind.Shelooksaftermysister.2.Wewatchedtheplay“Teahouse”.Theplay“Teahouse”waswrittenbyLaoShe.3.Themedicinewasquitehelpful.DrLigaveittome.4.Thetrainstartedat5:00p.m.Mikemissedit.5.Theletterisfrommyuncle.Ireceiveditthreedaysago.6.Cream,butterandcheesearekindsoffood.Theymakeyoufat.7.Themanisinthenextroom.Hebroughtustheletteryesterday.中考二輪復(fù)習(xí)——完形填空專題（講義）【知識點睛】一、命題特點題型上來看：越來越降低了對單詞本身詞義及語法的考查，而注重上下文聯(lián)系，主要考查學(xué)生運用英語基礎(chǔ)知識的能力、上下文對照并捕捉關(guān)鍵詞的能力、分析行文邏輯及文章的整體理解能力、結(jié)合語境分析推理的能力等。體裁上來看：中考完形填空的體裁主要以記敘文為主，以敘為主，敘議結(jié)合，題材新穎。二、做題步驟第一步：___________，___________。完形填空題是一篇意思完整的短文，準(zhǔn)確理解短文是解答此類題的關(guān)鍵。在做此題時，要跳過空格，將全文快速瀏覽一遍，特別要留意文章首尾句和每段首尾句。（對文章內(nèi)容有一個大概的了解，在閱讀時，不需要看到全部的信息，根據(jù)部分信息就可以了解大意。千萬不要讀一句填一句，因為“完形填空”題里所給的大多數(shù)選項填入單句后在語法上都成立，但從全文看卻并非正確答案。）第二步：___________，___________。了解文章大意后便要開始填入所缺部分。在選擇答案時，一定要考慮到上下文的邏輯關(guān)系，前后對照，從上下文中找出關(guān)鍵性啟示。同時兼顧句子的結(jié)構(gòu)，習(xí)慣用法，固定搭配和詞類的功能，先選出比較容易的答案，遇到較難的題，可以跳過本題，繼續(xù)做后面的題，完形填空題文章前后、上下多有暗示和線索提示（文章為了使語篇相互銜接及文章的連貫，有些詞會以原詞或同義、近義詞等形式重復(fù)出現(xiàn)在文章中）。第三步：___________，___________。初讀初選后，還有一些題目沒有思路，此時就要逐句細讀，逐題分析選項、對上一步驟未確定的個別試題多方推敲，把握全局思維，注意前后邏輯（選連詞的空格前后兩句可形成指代、列舉、因果、對比、讓步、補充、遞進等邏輯關(guān)系）。第四步：___________，___________。初定選項后，很重要的一步就是要將整篇文章再復(fù)讀一遍。對答案進行核實調(diào)整，清除疏漏。再次迅速復(fù)讀，對短文的理解會更為深刻，更容易判斷有疑點或誤解的地方（這時要注意時態(tài)語態(tài)、主謂一致、固定搭配等）。五讀法：1.細讀首句，預(yù)測主題；2.跳讀全文，領(lǐng)會大意；3.通讀全文，試選答案；4.細讀全文，推敲難題；5.復(fù)讀全文，調(diào)整答案。精簡步驟：1._______。跳開選項了解信息，初步掌握文章大意。(1min)2._______。仔細閱讀全文，抓住短文的每段、每句作者的思想。(5min)3._______。再次閱讀文章，檢查答案，是否符合文章邏輯推理。(2min)

三、真題演練AThegreatestfeelingintheworldcomesnotfromreceivingpresents,orevengettinganAonthemathtestyoustudiedsohardfor.Rather,it1________whenyouhandacupofhotcoffeetothatoldermansittingonthesideofthestreetaskingformoney.Youfeelitwhenyoudriveanhourandahalftoa2________tomeetchildrenwithcancer.Andyoufeelitwhenyousitdownwithyourfriendtocomforther3________hermotherdied.Helpingotherscanbethegreatestfeelingintheworld,andI4________thisjustoneyearago.MyfriendaskedmetoattendaYouthGroupmeetingathischurch.Afteranhouroflisteningtothem5________theiropinions,Iwasinvitedtogowiththemtohelp6________thehomeless.EarlythatSaturdaymorning,ateamof15teenagersbeganmakingsandwichesandcountingbagsofcandy.ForthefirsttimeinmylifeIrealizedthatwe,theteensofAmerica,canmakea7________.Sinceitwasmyfirsttime,andIwasn’tpartofthegroup,Ifeltalittleoutofplace.Butwatchingtheothers8________thefooddrovemynervousnessaway.Beforelong,all150baggedlunchesweregoneandthegroupwas9________itswayhome.Irealizedthatnotonlyismyfriendanamazingperson,butthatallofthosepeopleareamazing.That’swhatmademejointheYouthGroup.Iworkatacoffeeshopbutdon’tmakemuch.It’snotthebestjob,buttherearetimeswhenit’sworthit.Forexample,afewweeksago,whenthestorewas10________andIwasbored,lookingoutofthewindow,Inoticedanoldmansittingoutside.Hehadbeentherebefore.Asamatteroffact,he11________cameintobuyanythingbecausehedidn’thaveanymoney.Itookupacupofcoffee,walkedoutside,andhandedittohim.Thesmileonhisfacemademyday,andasIwalkedbackintothestore,Iputmyownmoneyintothedrawer.ThenIknewhowthemembersoftheYouthGroupfeeleverytimetheyhelpsomeone.Knowingthatyoucanhelpis12________–thegreatestfeelingintheworld.1.A.starts B.stops C.lasts D.fails2.A.shop B.church C.country D.hospital3.A.after B.until C.though D.before4.A.expected B.discovered C.touched D.offered5.A.write B.experience C.voice D.discuss6.A.teach B.encourage C.move D.feed7.A.decision B.success C.dream D.difference8.A.takeout B.pickout C.handout D.pointout9.A.in B.on C.through D.by10.A.empty B.free C.busy D.crowded11.A.even B.usually C.never D.often12.A.helpful B.wonderful C.hopeful D.usefulBItwasacoldafternooninwinter.Myoldestson,Stephen,wasatschool,andReed,myhusband,atwork.My1________littleonesweresittingaroundthekitchentable.Tomwasperfectingapaperplane,whileSamwas2________onanoilpainting.ButLaura,ouronlydaughter,satquietlyandwas3________inherproject.Everyonceinawhileshewouldaskhowto4________thenameofsomeoneinourfamily,thencarefullyformthelettersonebyone.Next,shewouldaddflowerswithsmallitems.Shefinishedoffeachwithasunintheupperrighthandcorner.Holdingthemateyelevel,sheletoutalongsigh(嘆息)of5________.“Whatareyoudoing,Honey?”Iasked.Shelookedquicklyatherbrotherbeforelookingbackatme.“It’sa6________.”shesaid,coveringupherworkwithherhands.Next,sheputherworkintoabox.Whenshehadfinished,shedisappearedupthestairs.Itwasn’tuntillaterthateveningthatI7________a“mailbox”tapedontothedoorstoeachofourbedrooms.Therewerelittlenotessayingthatshelovedallofus.Shehadn’t8________SamorbabyPaul.Theyarepagesofcoloredscenesincludingflowerswithhappyfaces.“Hecan’treadyet,”shewhispered(低聲說),“9________hecanlookatthepictures.”EachtimeIreceivedoneofmylittlegirl’sgifts,it10________myheart.Iwastouchedathowcarefullyshepaidattentiontowhatwronghappenedtous.WhenStephenlostabaseballgame,therewasalettertellinghimshethoughthewasthebestballplayerinthewholeworld.AfterIhada11________day,therewasamessagethankingmeformyefforts.Thissamelittlegirlisgrownnow,drivingoffeverydaytothestatecollege,butsomethingsaboutherhave12________changed.YesterdayIfoundalovenotenexttomybedside.“Thanksforalwaysbeingthereforme,Mom,”itread,“I’mgladthatwe’rethebestfriends.”Thereareangelsamongus.IknowIlivewithone.1.A.two B.three C.four D.five2.A.working B.getting C.holding D.putting3.A.absent B.lost C.bored D.upset4.A.complete B.afford C.spell D.check5.A.satisfaction B.carefulness C.tiredness D.regret6.A.goal B.dream C.wish D.surprise7.A.realized B.noticed C.knew D.predicted8.A.cared B.remembered C.followed D.forgotten9.A.but B.and C.because D.so10.A.deepened B.froze C.broke D.brightened11.A.boring B.different C.hard D.crazy12.A.never B.already C.ever D.EvenCTakingaNapduringtheDayMedicalexpertssaymostAmericansdonotgetenoughsleep.TheysaymoreAmericansneedtorestforashortperiodinthemiddleoftheday,1________continuingwithotheractivities.Onestudyearlierthisyearfoundthatpersonswho2________forafewminutesduringthedaywerelesslikelytodieofheartdisease.Thestudy3________morethan2,300Greekadultsforaboutsixyears.Adultswhorestedforhalfanhouratleastthreetimesaweekhada37percent4________riskofdyingfromheartdiseasethanthosewhodidnotnap.Thestudyorganizerssaidthestrongestevidencewasinworkingmen.Theysaidnapsmightimprove5_______bymitigating(減低)tensioncausedbywork.SomeEuropeanandLatinAmericanbusinesseshavesupportedthe6________ofnappingformanyyears.Theyurgepeopleto7________work,gohomeandhaveanapbeforereturning.IntheUnitedStates,somecompaniesletworkersrestbrieflyintheiroffices.Theybelievethisreduces8________andaccidents,and9________increasestheamountofworkapersoncando.Sleepexpertssayitislikelythatpeoplemakemoremistakesatworkthanatothertimes.Theysaypeopleshouldnot10________importantdutieswhentheyfeelsleepy.Andtheysaythebestthingtodoistotakeanap.Abouttwentyminutesofrestisallyouneed.Expertssaythisprovidesextraenergyandcanincreaseyoureffectiveness11________theendoftheday.Butexperts12________thatanapshouldlastnomorethantwentytothirtyminutes.Alongernapwillputthebodyintodeepsleepandwakingupwillbedifficult.1.A.as B.when C.before D.after2.A.laugh B.sleep C.walk D.move3.A.knew B.learned C.studied D.followed4.A.less B.more C.lower D.higher5.A.life B.health C.thinking D.ability6.A.way B.idea C.suggestion D.experiment7.A.leave B.repeat C.change D.improve8.A.work B.time C.energy D.mistakes9.A.too B.also C.never D.seldom10.A.make B.bring C.carryout D.create11.A.until B.while C.unless D.during12.A.say B.think C.guess D.warnDAssixthgraders,kidswereseparatingintogroups,butIwasn’tsurewhereIbelonged.Ourteachergaveusataskcalled“secretfriends”forthecomingweek.Weweresupposedtodonicethings1_______ourfriendswithoutlettingthemknowwhowasdoingit.Wecouldleaveencouragingnotesorcardseitherontheirdesksorintheirbags.Beforedoingthetask,withoureyesclosed,fromabasket,we2________anameofaclassmatewhoweweretosecretlybefriendoverthenextfivedays.Soon,thetaskwasturnedintoacompetitionofgiving3________insteadofnotes.Everyonewasgettingcoolpresentsexceptme.Myfriendexactly4________whattheteacherhadtoldus.SoIreceivednothingbuthand-madecardswithnicewordsaboutme.Onthelastmorning,Ifinallygotapackage.WhenI5________it,thegirlsaroundall6________.Itwasan“oldlady”gift.Myfacewentred.Itriedtoforgetabouttheshaminggift,butwhenthesamegirls7________itagainduringthebreakinthebathroom,Ijoinedin,“Howstupid!Mygrandmotherwouldn’t8________wantit.”Thegirlslaughedatm