中西文化鑒賞 通識課課件 3.2 中國古建筑

中西文化鑒賞AppreciationofChineseandWesternCulturesUnit3TheArtofArchitecture（建筑藝術(shù)）課程信息章節(jié)教學(xué)目標(biāo)中西文化鑒賞AppreciationofChineseandWesternCulturesUnit3TheArtofArchitecture（建筑藝術(shù)）文化拓展思政映射章節(jié)主題Focusofthisunit

TheArtofArchitecture（建筑藝術(shù)）Thetypes,featuresandaestheticsofChineseandwesternarchitecture中西建筑的分類、特征以及美學(xué)知識能力思政abilitygoals

ideologicalandpoliticaleducationgoals

tolearnsystematicallyChineseculturalknowledge系統(tǒng)學(xué)習(xí)中國文化知識toimprovecross-culturalcommunicationskills提高跨文化交際能力tounderstandthespiritualcoreoftheChinesenationreflectedinculturalthemes領(lǐng)會文化主題反映出的中華民族精神內(nèi)核knowledgegoals

Ideologicalandpoliticaleducationgoalstounderstandthephilosophicalthoughtof"harmonybetweenmanandnature"containedinChinesearchitecture中國建筑“天人合一”的哲學(xué)思想tolearnthehistory,inheritanceanddevelopmentofChinesearchitectureandunderstandthetraditionalChineseaethetics通過學(xué)習(xí)中國建筑的歷史、傳承與發(fā)展，領(lǐng)會中華傳統(tǒng)美學(xué)toinheritcraftsmanspirit傳承“工匠精神”KnowledgegoalstolearntheEnglishexpressionsandbasicfeaturesrelatedtoChineseandwesternarchitecture掌握中西建筑基本特點及相關(guān)術(shù)語的英語表達(dá)AbilitygoalstobeabletocommunicateaccuratelyonculturaltopicsinEnglish能夠使用英語就文化主題進(jìn)行準(zhǔn)確溝通和交流Ideologicalandpoliticaleducationgoalstounderstandthephilosophicalthoughtof"harmonybetweenmanandnature"containedinChinesearchitecture中國建筑“天人合一”的哲學(xué)思想tolearnthehistory,inheritanceanddevelopmentofChinesearchitectureandunderstandthetraditionalChineseaethetics通過學(xué)習(xí)中國建筑的歷史、傳承與發(fā)展，領(lǐng)會中華傳統(tǒng)美學(xué)toinheritcraftsmanspirit傳承“工匠精神”

3.2AppreciationofChineseTraditionalArchitectureLead-in（導(dǎo)入）：Brainstorming（頭腦風(fēng)暴）:

Q:CanyounamesomewellknownancientChinesearchitectures?Withalonghistory,Chinesearchitectureshaveformedseveraltypicalstyles,Classifiedbytheirfunctions,AncientChinesearchitecturesincludepalace,altar,temple,pagoda,folkhouse,garden,academyandsoon3.2.1ImperialPalaceImperialPalaceIt’stheworldfamousForbiddenCity.TheemperorsofbothMingDynastyandQingDynastylivedinthepalacebefore.ItisalsoknownasthePalaceMuseum.Speakingoftheimperialarchitectures,Weshouldnotneglecttheever-existingimperialgarden--theYuanmingyuanGardenortheOldSummerPalace.Itwasknownasthe“GardenofAllGardens”.SummerPalaceinBeijingisthemostcompleteimperialgardenpreservedinChinatoday,framedbytheLongevityHillandtheKunmingLake.Itattractspeoplefromallovertheworldtoappreciateitsbeautifulscenery.SummerPalace3.2.2TheGardensinSuzhouSuzhouisfamousforitsvarioustypicalprivategardenslikeHumbleAdministrator’sGarden,LionGroveGardenandLiuyuanGarden.Suzhouisrichinwaterresourcesbecauseitislocatedinthesouth.Watertogetherwithotherlandscapesformsaharmoniousenvironment.Q:WhatdoChineseFolkHouseslooklike?Chinacoversthevastterritoryandtheclimatevariesfromregiontoregion,sothefolkhouseshavediverseanddistinctcharacteristics.WewillmainlycoverBeijingCourtyardHouses,ShanxiCaveDwellingsandHuizhouCivilResidents.

3.2.3BeijingCourtyardHouseorSiheyuan

SiheyuanrepresentsChinesecourtyardhouse.Thisformhasahighdegreeofprivacyandshowstheharmonybetweenpeopleandtheenvironment.3.2.4.

ShaanxiCaveDwellingsInNorthwestChina,therepresentativesofcivilresidentsarecavesorYaodong.Youmaywonderwhypeoplestillliveinsuchcavedwelling.Aretheytoopoortoliveinanapartmentoraflat?OnereasonisthatthedepthofthesoillayerofLoessPlateauismorethan100meters,withpoorwaterpermeabilityandstronguprightness.Thelocalpeoplemakefulluseoftheclimateandsoilconditionstodevelopthiskindoffolkhouse--thecavedwelling.Therearemanyadvantagestoliveinthecavedwelling,forexamplesavingenergy,environmentfriendly,warminwinterandcoolinsummer.3.2.5.

HuizhouCivilResidents

HuizhouCivilResidentsarealsoknownasthearchitectureofHuizhoustyle.It’sveryunique,characterizedwithwhitewallsandblacktiles.TheThreeWondersinHuizhouincludeAncientcivilresidents,AncientancestraltemplesandAncientmemorialarchways.AnothercharacteristicofHuizhouarchitectureisHorseheadwall.Let’swatchavideocliponXidiandHongcunvillages,twoancientvillagesinAnhuiProvincetoexploremoreaboutHuizhoustyle.Paifang,alsocalledPailouinChinese,isauniqueChinesearchitecture.ActuallyaPaifangisanarchwayeitherformemoryorfordecoration.Onitsmiddlebeams,youcouldseethemoralinscriptionsbycertaincalligraphers,mostlyaboutsomenorms.Usuallythesestructuresstandindowntownorinfrontoftheentrancesoftemples,bridgesandparks.ItexhibitsfolkcustomsofancientChina.PaifanghasbecomeasymbolofChinaforitsrichconnotationandspecialartvalueinChinesehistory.ItpresentsperfectharmonyofancientChinesearchitecturalmodelingartandsculptingart.Nowadays,ItcanbeseeninChinatowninmanywesterncountriesaswell.Inthefirstsection,weappreciatedtheimperialbuildings,folkhousesandgardens.Inthissection,wewillcontinuetoappreciatesometypicalancientpublicarchitecturesinChina.3.2.6BuddhistGrottoes

TheFourGreatAncientChineseGrottoes

BuddhistgrottoesarethecarrierofBuddhism,consistinggrottoarchitecturesstatuesandfrescoes.Therearemainlyfourrepresentatives.TheFourGreatAncientChineseGrottoesincludeMogaoGrottoesinDunhuangGansuProvince,MaijishanGrottoesinTianshuiGansuProvince,YungangGrottoesinDatongShanxiProvinceandLongmenGrottoesinLuoyangHenanProvince.MogaoGrottoeswereconstructedfromthe4thtothe14thcenturyandtheyarefamousfortheirdelicatefrescoesandsculptures.Thestatuesareallmadeofclaybecausetherocksofthemountainaretoosofttocarvestonyones.In1987,MogaoGrottoeswereselectedastheWorldHeritageSitesbytheUNESCO.TheUNESCOmadecommentswhichwentlikethis,“SituatedatastrategicpointalongtheSilkRouteatthecrossroadsoftradeaswellasreligiousculturalandintellectualinfluences,the492cellsandgrottosanctuariesinMogaoarefamousfortheirstatuesandwallpaintingsspanning1,000yearsofBuddhistart”.MogaoGrottoesMaijishanGrottoesSameasMogaoGrottoes,thestatuesinMaijishanGrottoesaremainlymadeofclayduetothesoftandlooserocks.Maijishan,theChinesecharacters,meansWheatStackMountain.Theywereconstructedfrom384to417AD.YungangGrottoesYungangGrottoeswereconstructedintheNorthernWeiDynasty.ItbecameaWorldHeritageSitein2001.TheUNESCOcommented,“TheYungangGrottoesinDatongcityShanxiProvince,withtheir252grottoesand51,000statues,representtheoutstandingachievementofBuddhistgrottoartinChinainthe5thand6thcenturies.TheFiveGrottoescreatedbyTanYaowiththeirstrictunityoflayoutanddesignconstituteaclassicalmasterpieceofthefirstpeakofChineseBuddhistart”.LongmenGrottoesLongmenGrottoesinLuoyangwerealsoconstructedintheNorthernWeiDynasty.In2000,theLongmenGrottoesbecameaWorldHeritageSite.TheUNESCOcommented,“thegrottoesandnichesofLongmencontainthelargestandmostimpressivecollectionofChineseartofthelateNorthernWeitotheTangDynasties.TheseworksentirelydevotedtotheBuddhistreligionrepresentthehighpointChinesestonecarving.”3.2.7PavilionsPavilionsarealsoimportantinChinesearchitecture.Q:CanyounametheFourGreatAncientChinesePavilions?A:TheyincludeTengwangPavilioninJiangxiProvince,YellowCraneTowerinHubeiProvince,YueyangTowerinHunanProvinceandPenglaiPavilioninShandongProvince.Pavilions

TheFourGreatAncientChinesePavilions

TengwangPavillionYellowCraneTowerYueyangTowerPenglaiPavillionManyancientpoetswrotealotofpoemsandprose,concerningthesepavilions.Nowlet’sappreciateoneofthemwrittenbyLiBai--averyfamouspoetinTangDynasty.ThispoemhasbeentranslatedintoEnglishbymanyscholars.ThefollowingversionwastranslatedbyXuYuanchong.SeeingMengHaoranoffatYellowCraneTowerByLiBaiTranslatedbyXuYuanchongMyfriendhasleftthewestwheretheYellowCraneTowerForRiverTownveiledingreenwillowsandredflowersHislesseningsailislostintheboundlessblueskyWhereIseebuttheendlessRiverrollingbyThepoem,thepoetandthefriendareunitedwiththenatureharmoniously,aren’tthey?3.2.8TheFourGreatAncientChineseAcademiesSpeakingofscholars,weshouldnotforgettheplaceswheretheystudiedandtaught.InancientChina,academiesweretheplacesforpeopletoacquirehigherlearning.ThetreasureofChinesearchitecturesalsoincludesthoseacademies.Q:WhicharetheFourGreatAncientAcademiesinChinesehistory?A:YueluAcademyinHunanProvince,BailudongAcademyinJiangxiProvince,SongyangAcademyinHenanProvinceandYingtianAcademyinHenanProvince

TheFourGreatAncientChineseAcademiesYueluAcademyBailudongAcademySongyangAcademySongyangAcademyislocatedinDengfeng,surroundedbySongshanMountainwhichisalsooneofthemostfamousfivemountainscalledtheFiveSacredMountainsinChina.ItshistorydatedbacktoNorthernWeiDynasty(386-534).Manyancientphilosophersorthinkershadgivenlecturesorhadbeentaughtthere.TonamesomethinkersintheSongDynasty,ChengHao,ChengYi,SimaGuang,FanZhongyanandZhuXi.Itisharmonyofhumanbeingandnature.Itisharmonyofarchitectureandwisdom.YingtianAcademyFanZhongyan,averyfamousandrespectedscholarstatesmanandmilitarystrategistinNorthernSongDynasty,hadpursuedhisstudyandlatertaughtinYingtianAcademy.3.2.9AncientDefenseWorksInordertoprotectthecountryandthepeople,somemilitarydefenseprojectswereconstructed.TheGreatWallisthemajorrepresentative.ItisthelongestandthelargestdefenseprojectbothinChinaandintheworld.Youmaywonderwhyandhowitwasbuilt.AncientDefenseWorksTheGreatWallQ:WhywastheGreatWallbuilt?A:InordertoresisttheinvasionsfromtheHuns--anethnicgrouplivingintheNorthofChina,EmperorQindecidedtobuildamilitarydefenseproject--theGreatWall.Ittooksevenyearstoachievehisgoal.TheGreatWallhasbeenrestoredinthepast2000yearsinChinesehistory.NowitisasymbolofChinesenation.TherearemanylegendsconcerningtheGreatWall.ThemostfamousonemightbethelegendofMengJiangnv.CouldyoutellthelegendinEnglish?Itissaidtherewasanewlymarriedcouple.ThehusbandwascalledFanXiliangandthewifewascalledMengJiangnv.Thehusbandwas