Subjunctive Mood虛擬語氣高三

TheSubjunctiveMoodYouareverycareful.Pleasebecareful.Iwishyouweremorecareful.你很細(xì)心.請(qǐng)細(xì)心點(diǎn).但愿你更細(xì)心些.1.陳述語氣(theIndicativeMood)—陳述事實(shí);2.祈使語氣(theImperativeMood)–提出請(qǐng)求.命令等;3.虛擬語氣(theSubjunctiveMood)–表示主觀愿望和假想虛擬的情況.在英語中,隨著說話人意圖的不同,動(dòng)詞需用不同的形式,稱為語氣.英語中共有三種語氣.真實(shí)條件句Ifitrainstomorrow,wewon’thavetheP.Elesson.IfIwereyou,IwouldstudyEnglishhard.

Ifwehadno

classtoday,Iwouldgoshopping.(Butwehaveclassestoday.)(Ican’tbeyou.)IfIpasstheEnglishexam,Iwillbeveryhappy.I.虛擬語氣在if條件句中的用法如果明天下雨，我們就不上體育課。要是我英語考及格，那就開心了。虛擬條件句。要是今天不用上課，我就去購物。如果我是你，我就努力學(xué)習(xí)英語。從句主句had＋過去分詞would/could/mighthave+過去分詞1.表示和過去事實(shí)相反Ifthedriver

hadn’tdriven

sofast,theaccidentwouldn’thavehappened.Iftheboyhadn’tfought

withhisclassmate,hisfatherwouldn’thavebeatenhim.Iftheyhadn’tbrokenthelaw,theywouldn’thavebeen

putinprison.如果司機(jī)沒有開那么快，事故就不會(huì)發(fā)生了。要不是這男孩和同學(xué)打架，他父親也不會(huì)揍他。要不是犯了法，他們也不會(huì)被關(guān)進(jìn)監(jiān)獄。Correctthemistakes.1.Ifyouhadtakenmyadvice,youwouldnot

makesuchamistake.2.Ifyoudidn’tinviteme,Ishouldn’thavecometotheparty.3.IfIhadn’tbeenillyesterday,Ihavecometoschool.4.Ifshewerehereyesterday,shecouldhavehelpedus.

havemadehadn’tinvitedmight/would∧

hadbeen從句主句過去時(shí)(be動(dòng)詞通常用were)would/could/might+動(dòng)詞原形2.表示和現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反IfIwereyou,Imightrefusethemoney.IfIownedabighouse,Iwouldbe

very

happy.IfIwereabird,Icouldflyinthesky.我要是你就拒絕這些錢如果我是小鳥，就可以在天空飛翔。如果我擁有一間大屋就開心了。如果我是你,我會(huì)和他一起去.

IfI______you,I_______

_______withhim.

如果有時(shí)間，我會(huì)學(xué)習(xí)法文。IfI______time,I_______

_________French.

如果她懂英文，她就不必要我?guī)土恕fshe______English,she______

___

____

meforhelp.

Completethesentences.werewouldgohadwouldstudyknewwouldnot

ask

scoldedIftheteacher

shouldscold

weretoscoldhiminthiswayagain,hemightlose

confidence.如果老師再用這種方式責(zé)備他的話,他也許會(huì)失去信心.從句主句1.過去時(shí)2.should+動(dòng)詞原形3.wereto+動(dòng)詞原形would/could/might+動(dòng)詞原形3.表示和將來事實(shí)相反

明天要是下雪的話，我們就不用上學(xué)了。

weretosnowIfitsnowedtomorrow,

shouldsnowwewouldn’thavetogotoschool.

1.Ifheweretogotomorrow,he__________________(tell)you.2.IfI___________________________(do)it,

Iwoulddoitinadifferentway.3.---Don’tpressthebutton.---What____________(happen)ifIdid?Completethesentenceswiththecorrectformoftheverbs.might/wouldtelldid/

shoulddo

/weretodowouldhappen4.錯(cuò)綜時(shí)間條件句:有時(shí)條件從句同主句的謂語動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)間不一致(如一個(gè)過去,一個(gè)現(xiàn)在).這時(shí)動(dòng)詞的形式要按照主句和從句各自的時(shí)間作調(diào)整.Ifyouhadworkedharderlastyear,

you

wouldbe

studyingattheuniversitynow.要是你去年努力一點(diǎn)，你現(xiàn)在就在大學(xué)里學(xué)習(xí)了。司機(jī)要不是開快車，現(xiàn)在就不會(huì)在醫(yī)院里了。Ifthedriver

hadnotdriven

sofast,he

wouldnotbe

inhospitalnow.Completethesentences.要是我上學(xué)時(shí)花很多時(shí)間練習(xí)說英語,現(xiàn)在我就能說得很好了.IfI_____________muchtimepracticingspeaking

Englishatschool,Iwouldbeabletospeakit

verywellnow.昨晚要是大夫來得早一點(diǎn),Amy今天還會(huì)活著.Amy

___________alivetodayifthedoctor_____________soonerlastnight.如果他多得六票,他現(xiàn)在就是我們的主席了.________

____sixmorevotes,he

______

____ourchairmannow.

hadspentwouldbehadcomeHadhegotwouldbe5.有時(shí)一個(gè)假設(shè)的情況并不用條件從句而用其他方式表示，這叫含蓄條件。如用with,without等介詞短語、獨(dú)立結(jié)構(gòu)、otherwise等。如果沒有你們的幫助，我們?cè)缇退懒?。Wemighthavediedwithoutyourhelp.=…ifyouhadn’thelpedus.如果我們及時(shí)知道的話，就可能阻止它。Havingknownintime,wecouldhavestoppedit.=Ifwehadknownintime…上周我很忙，不然我就來看你了。Iwasbusylastweek,otherwiseIwouldhavecometoseeyou.=…ifIhadn’tbeenbusy...他建議我們參觀那所學(xué)校。Hesuggeststhatweshouldvisitthatschool.**hisfacesuggestedthathewasangry.他堅(jiān)持要你們先訂個(gè)計(jì)劃。Heinsiststhatyoushouldworkoutaplanfirst.

**Heinsistedthathewasright.他們要求學(xué)生們學(xué)第二外語。Theyrequestthatthestudentsshouldlearnasecondforeinglanguage.校長命令所有學(xué)生回校。Theprincipalorderedthatallthestudentsshouldcomebacktoschool.II、虛擬語氣在賓語從句中的用法1.表要求、建議、命令一個(gè)堅(jiān)持：兩個(gè)命令：三個(gè)建議：四個(gè)要求：insistordercommand

suggestadviseproposedemandrequestrequireask這些動(dòng)詞及他們的名詞后面的名詞性從句都用should+動(dòng)詞原形表示虛擬。發(fā)出命令:giveanorder/acommand提出建議:makeasuggestion/giveadvice/

offeraproposal提出要求:makeademand/request2、表愿望的wish后面的虛擬語氣要時(shí)態(tài)后移A.與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反如果我是你多好啊！HowIwishIwereyou.但愿我們不用補(bǔ)課！Iwishwedidn’thavetomakeupmissedlessons.B.與過去事實(shí)相反他要是沒犯那個(gè)錯(cuò)誤該有多好。Hewisheshehadn’tmadethatmistake.多么希望我以前用功一點(diǎn)。HowIwishIhadworkedharderbefore.用過去時(shí)用過去完成時(shí)C.與將來事實(shí)相反他多么希望能再有一次機(jī)會(huì)。Howhewisheshewouldhaveanotherchance!我希望我將來能強(qiáng)壯一點(diǎn)。IwishIcouldbestrongerinthefuture.**hope他希望我們和他一起去。Hehopesthatwewillgowithhim.他多么希望我們能和他一起去啊！Howhewisheswewouldgowithhim.用過去將來時(shí)1.Itisnatural/necessary/important/strange/surprising/funny…that2.Itissuggested/requested/ordered/proposed/demanded/decided…that3.Itisapity/ashame/nowonder/anhonour…that

+sb.(should)dosth.也可以用陳述語序，只敘述事實(shí)，而不表示情緒。III.在主語從句中的用法真奇怪，他怎么獨(dú)自去呢！Itisstrangethathe(should)gohimself.真遺憾，你失去了這么好的機(jī)會(huì)。Itisapitythatyou(should)misssuchagoodchance.已經(jīng)決定了，把運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì)推遲到下個(gè)月。Ithasbeendecidedthatthesportsmeet(should)beputofftillnextmonth.你有必要去那里。Itisnecessarythatyou(should)gothere.要求所有的學(xué)生都穿校服。Itisrequestedthatallthestudents(should)weartheschooluniform.suggestion,proposal,order,plan,idea…用should+動(dòng)詞原形我的建議是再做一次實(shí)驗(yàn)。Mysuggestionisthatwe(should)dotheexperimentagain.我提出的再做一次實(shí)驗(yàn)的建議被他們所接納。Mysuggestionthatwe(should)dotheexperimentagainisacceptedbythem.IV.在表語從句和同位語從句中的用法1.Itis/was(high)timethatsb.shoulddosth.2.Itis/was(high)timethatsb.didsth.(should不能省略）你該上課了。Itistimethatyoushouldhaveaclass.=Itistimethatyouhadaclass.**Itistimeforyoutohaveaclass.你早就該走了。It’shightimeyoushouldleave.=It’shightimeyouleft.**It’stimeforyoutoleave.V.在定語從句中的用法他說起英語來好象他是個(gè)英國人似的。HespeaksEnglishasifhewereanEnglishman.你們談得（那么起勁）好象你們見過他似的。Youtalked/talk/aretalkingasifyouhadseenhim.她把學(xué)生當(dāng)自己的孩子對(duì)待。Shetreatsthestudentsasiftheywereherownchildren.我寧愿你沒有告訴我這個(gè)消息。Iwouldratheryouhadn’ttoldmethenews.我寧愿你現(xiàn)在留在家里。Iwouldratheryoustayedathomenow.VI.asif/though,wouldratherIftherewerenosubjunctivemood,English_______mucheasier.A.willbe

B.wouldhavebeen

C.couldhavebeenD.wouldbeD2.Youdidn’tletmedrive.Ifwe______inturn,you_____sotired.(全國卷）

A.drove;didn’tgetB.drove;wouldn’tgetC.weredriving;didn’tgetD.haddriven;wouldn’thavegotD3.“Whydon’tyouexplainittoher?”

“I____

it

toherifIthoughtshewouldunderstand.”

a.wouldexplain

b.willexplain

c.explain

d.wouldhaveexplainedA4.Ididn’tseeyoursisteratthemeeting.Ifshe_____,shewouldhavemetmybrother.（全國卷）

A.hascome

B.didcomeC.came

D.hadcomeD5.Ifitweren’tforyourhelp,we_____into

trouble.

A.wouldgetB.wouldhaveget

C.gotD.wouldgotA6.----“Yourperformancewasverygood.”

----“IcouldhavedonebetterifI____more

time.”A.havehad

B.had

C.hadhad

D.willhavehadC7.IfI______inthetwenty-secondcentury,

I______myvacationinaverydifferentway.

A.shouldlive…wouldspend

B.willlive….shouldspend

C.areliving…shouldhavespent

D.willbeliving…wouldhavespentA8.Ifwehadknownthatshehadplannedtoarrivetoday,we______heratthebus

station.

A.mayhavemet

B.mightmeet

C.maymeet