人教新課標(biāo)高中英語必修一講義Unit2Englisharoundtheworld2.1Word版含答案

Unit2Englisharoundtheworld英語是世界上使用最廣泛的語言之一，那么它是怎樣成為世界性語言的呢？讓我們一起來看看下文吧！Englishisalanguagespokenallaroundtheworld.Therearemorethan42countrieswheremostpeoplespeakEnglish.Intotal(總計),formorethan375millionpeople,Englishistheirmothertongue.Anequal(相同的)numberofpeoplelearnEnglishasasecondlanguage.Thesepeoplewillperhapsspeakthelanguageoftheirowncountryathomewiththeirfamily,butthelanguageofthegovernment,schools,newspapersandTVisEnglish.ThissituationisfoundincountriessuchasIndia，Pakistan,NigeriaandthePhilippines.However,thenumberofpeoplewholearnEnglishasaforeignlanguageismorethan750million.InChinastudentslearnEnglishatschoolasaforeignlanguage,exceptforthoseinHongKong,wheremanypeoplespeakEnglishasafirstorasecondlanguage.Englishistheworkinglanguageofmostinternationalorganizations,internationaltrade(貿(mào)易)andtourism.BusinessmenandtouristsoftenetoChinawithoutbeingabletospeakChinese.Chinesebusinessmen,taxidriversandstudentstalkwiththemusingEnglish.Englishisalsothelanguageofglobal(全球的)culture,suchaspopularmusicandtheInternet.YoucanlistentoEnglishsongsontheradiooruseEnglishtomunicatewithpeoplearoundtheworldthroughtheInternet.短文注釋：1．morethan超過，多于2．mothertongue母語3．thenumberof……的數(shù)量4．exceptfor除了5．BusinessmenandtouristsoftenetoChinawithoutbeingabletospeakChinese.很多來中國的生意人和游客都不會說英語。SectionⅠWarmingUp&Reading—Pre-reading重點單詞寫作詞匯1.officialadj.官方的2．voyagen.航行，航海3．nativeadj.本國的；本地的n.本地人；本國人4．a(chǎn)partmentn.(美)公寓住宅；單元住宅5．vocabularyn.詞匯；詞匯量；詞表6．spellingn.拼寫；拼法拓展詞匯1.basevt.以……為根據(jù)；n.基部；基地；基礎(chǔ)→basicadj.基本的；基礎(chǔ)的2．gradualadj.逐漸的；逐步的→graduallyadv.逐漸地；逐步地3．enrichvt.使富裕；充實；改善→richadj.富有的4．latteradj.較后的；后半的；(兩者中)后者的→latestadj.最近的；最新的→lateradj.后期的→latelyadv.近來；最近→lateadj.遲的；晚的5．fluentadj.流利的；流暢的→fluentlyadv.流利地；流暢地→fluencyn．流利；流暢6．frequentadj.頻繁的；常見的→frequentlyadv.常常；頻繁地閱讀詞匯1.subwayn．地鐵2．elevatorn.電梯；升降機(jī)3．petroln.汽油4．gasn.汽油5．identityn.本身；本體；身份重點短語1.because_of因為；由于2．e_up走近；上來；提出3．a(chǎn)t_present現(xiàn)在；目前4．make_use_of利用；使用5．such_as例如……；像這種的6．be_based_on以……為基礎(chǔ)7．municate_with交際，交流8．a(chǎn)_number_of許多重點句型1.whynotdo...提建議句式Why_not_go_by_underground?何不乘地鐵呢？2．evenif/though引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句NativeEnglishspeakerscanunderstandeachothereven_if_they_don't_speak_the_same_kind_of_English.以英語為母語的人可以理解彼此，即使他們不說同一種英語。3．more...than...與其……不如……Heismore_lucky_than_clever.與其說他聰明，不如說他幸運。4．thenumberof...作主語Todaythe_number_of_peoplelearningEnglishisincreasingrapidly.當(dāng)今社會，學(xué)英語的人的數(shù)量在快速地增加?！奥眯小泵~家族①voyage航行；航海②tour(觀光)旅行③travel旅行④journey(長途)旅行⑤trip(短途)旅行；外出⑥outing遠(yuǎn)足en-前綴和-en后綴改變詞性①rich→v.enrich使富裕②able→v.enable使能夠③large→v.enlarge使擴(kuò)大④sure→v.ensure確保；擔(dān)保⑤short→v.shorten縮短；使變短,“因為；由于”薈萃①becauseof因為；由于②thanksto多虧；由于③owingto由于④asaresultof...因為……的結(jié)果“make＋n.＋prep.”短語薈萃①makeuseof使用；利用②makethemost/bestof充分利用③makewayfor為……讓路④makeafoolof愚弄；欺騙StepOne：Warmingup1．HowmuchdoyouknowaboutEnglish?(1)It_is_the_official_language_of_many_countries,_such_as_America,_the_UK,_Canada_and_so_on.(2)It_has_a_long_history.(3)There_are_mainly_two_kinds_of_English:_American_English_and_British_English.(4)Many_Chinese_are_learning_English.2．DoyouknowthatthereismorethanonekindofEnglishintheworld?StepTwo：FastreadingSkimthetextandchoosethebestanswers.1．What'sthemainideaofthetext?A．HowtolearnEnglishwell?B．ThehistoryoftheEnglishlanguage.C．ThedifferencesbetweenoldEnglishandmodernEnglish.D．Englishiswidelyusedallovertheworld.答案：B2．Matchthemainideaofeachparagraph.(1)Paragraph1A．theexampleofthedifferencebetweendifferentnativeEnglishspeakers(2)Paragraph2－4B．wideuseofEnglish(3)Paragraph5C．Englishisalanguagespokenallaroundtheworld(4)Paragraph6D．whyEnglishhaschangedovertime(5)Paragraph7E．Englishwassettled答案：BADECStepThree：CarefulreadingReadthetextandthenchoosethebestansweraccordingtothetext.1．Attheendof16thcentury,about________peoplespokeEnglish.A．fivetosixmillionB．fivetosevenmillionC．sixtosevenmillionD．seventoeightmillion答案：B2．IfpeoplespeakdifferentkindsofEnglish,they________.A．can'tmunicatewitheachotherB．canonlybeunderstoodbythosewhospeakthesamekindofEnglishC．can'tbeunderstoodbyforeignersD．canunderstandeachother答案：D3．WhydomorepeoplespeakEnglish?A．Becauseitisaninternationallanguage.B．Becauseithasthelargestnumberofspeakers.C．Becauseitiseasytolearn.D．Becauseitalwaysstaysthesame.答案：A4．WhichcountrymayhavethelargestnumberofEnglishlearnersintheworld?A．Australia.B．China.C．India.D．Britain.答案：BStepFour：Explaindifficultsentences1．Laterinthenextcentury,peoplefromEnglandmadevoyagestoconquerotherpartsoftheworldandbecauseofthat,Englishbegantobespokeninmanyothercountries.[句式分析]本句為and連接的并列句。在第一個分句中，Laterinthenextcentury為時間狀語，動詞不定式短語toconquerotherpartsoftheworld為目的狀語；在第二個分句中介賓短語becauseofthat為原因狀語。[嘗試翻譯]后來，在17世紀(jì)，英國人開始出海遠(yuǎn)航以征服世界其他地區(qū)。于是，許多別的國家開始說英語。2．AtfirsttheEnglishspokeninEnglandbetweenaboutAD450and1150wasverydifferentfromtheEnglishspokentoday.[句式分析][嘗試翻譯]起初，大約在公元450年到公元1150年之間，英國人所說的英語與人們現(xiàn)在所說的英語有很大的不同。3．ThengraduallybetweenaboutAD800and1150,EnglishbecamelesslikeGermanbecausethosewhoruledEnglandspokefirstDanishandlaterFrench.[句式分析][嘗試翻譯]然后，漸漸地，大約在公元800年到1150年之間，英語就不那么像德語了，因為那些統(tǒng)治英國的人開始講丹麥語，后來又講法語。ReadingTHEROADTOMODERNENGLISHAttheendof①the16thcentury,aboutfivetosevenmillionpeoplespokeEnglish.NearlyallofthemlivedinEngland.Laterinthenextcentury,peoplefromEnglandmadevoyages②toconquer③otherpartsoftheworld【1】andbecauseof④that,Englishbegantobespokeninmanyothercountries.Today，morepeoplespeakEnglishastheirfirst,secondoraforeignlanguagethaneverbefore.【1】動詞不定式短語toconquerotherpartsoftheworld為目的狀語。Native⑤Englishspeakerscanunderstandeachothereveniftheydon'tspeakthesamekindofEnglish【2】.Lookatthisexample：【2】evenif在此引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句。BritishBetty：Wouldyouliketoseemyflat⑥？AmericanAmy：Yes.I'dliketoeup⑦toyourapartment⑧.SowhyhasEnglishchangedovertime⑨？Actually⑩alllanguageschangeanddevelopwhenculturesmeetandmunicatewitheachother【3】.Atfirst?theEnglishspokeninEnglandbetweenaboutAD450and1150【4】wasverydifferentfromtheEnglishspokentoday.Itwasbased?moreonGermanthantheEnglishwespeakatpresent?【5】.Thengradually?betweenaboutAD800and1150,EnglishbecamelesslikeGermanbecausethosewhoruled?EnglandspokefirstDanishandlaterFrench.【6】Thesenewsettlers?enriched?theEnglishlanguageandespeciallyitsvocabulary?.Sobythe1600'sShakespearewasabletomakeuseof?awidervocabularythaneverbefore.In1620someBritishsettlersmovedtoAmerica.Laterinthe18thcenturysomeBritishpeopleweretakentoAustraliatoo.Englishbegantobespokeninbothcountries.【3】when引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句，從句中and連接兩個并列的謂語動詞meet和municate。【4】過去分詞短語spoken...and1150作后置定語，修飾theEnglish?！?】wespeakatpresent為省略了關(guān)系詞that/which的定語從句，修飾先行詞theEnglish，關(guān)系詞在從句中作賓語，故可省略。【6】because引導(dǎo)原因狀語從句，從句中whoruledEngland為who引導(dǎo)的定語從句，修飾先行詞those。Finallybythe19thcenturythelanguagewassettled?.AtthattimetwobigchangesinEnglishspellingeq\o(○,\s\up1(21))happened:firstSamuelJohnsonwrotehisdictionaryandlaterNoahWebsterwroteTheAmericanDictionaryoftheEnglishLanguage.Thelattereq\o(○,\s\up1(22))gaveaseparateeq\o(○,\s\up1(23))identityeq\o(○,\s\up1(24))toAmericanEnglishspelling.EnglishnowisalsospokenasaforeignorsecondlanguageinSouthAsia.Forexample,Indiahasaverylargenumberoffluenteq\o(○,\s\up1(25))EnglishspeakersbecauseBritainruledIndiafrom1765to1947.DuringthattimeEnglishbecamethelanguageforgovernmentandeducation.EnglishisalsospokeninSingaporeandMalaysiaandcountriesinAfricasuchaseq\o(○,\s\up1(26))SouthAfrica.Todaythenumberofeq\o(○,\s\up1(27))peoplelearningEnglishinChina【7】isincreasingrapidly.Infact,ChinamayhavethelargestnumberofEnglishlearners.WillChineseEnglishdevelopitsownidentity?Onlytimewilltell.【7】現(xiàn)在分詞短語learningEnglishinChina作后置定語，修飾people，該短語可轉(zhuǎn)換為定語從句whoarelearningEnglishinChina。通向現(xiàn)代英語之路16世紀(jì)末，大約有500萬到700萬人說英語。他們幾乎都生活在英國。后來，在17世紀(jì)，英國人開始出海遠(yuǎn)航以征服世界其他地區(qū)；于是，許多其他國家開始說英語。如今說英語的人比以往任何時候都多了，他們有的是作為第一語言來說，有的是作為第二語言或外語。以英語作為母語的人，即使他們所講的語言不盡相同，也可以相互理解。請看這個例子：英國人貝蒂：你要去看看我的公寓嗎？美國人艾米：好的，我很樂意到你的公寓去。那么，隨著時間的推移，英語為什么會變化呢？事實上，當(dāng)不同文化互相交流滲透時，所有的語言都會有所變化、有所發(fā)展的。起初，大約在公元450年到公元1150年之間，英國人所說的英語與他們現(xiàn)在所說的英語有很大的不同。當(dāng)時的英語更多地是以德語為基礎(chǔ)，而我們今天所說的英語不是。然后，漸漸地，大約在公元800年到公元1150年之間，英語就不那么像德語了，因為那些統(tǒng)治英國的人起初講丹麥語，后來又講法語。這些新的移民豐富了英語這門語言，尤其是英語詞匯。所以到17世紀(jì)，莎士比亞所用的詞匯量比以前任何時期都大。1620年，一些英國移民到了美洲。后來在18世紀(jì)，也有一些英國人被帶到了澳大利亞。(于是)這兩個國家的人開始說英語。最后到19世紀(jì)，這種語言定型了。那時，英語在拼寫上發(fā)生了兩大變化：首先塞繆爾·約翰遜編寫了詞典，后來，諾厄·韋伯斯特編纂了《美國英語詞典》。后者體現(xiàn)了美國英語拼寫的不同特色。如今英語在南亞也被當(dāng)作外語或第二語言來使用。例如，印度擁有眾多講英語很流利的人，因為英國在1765年到1947年間統(tǒng)治著印度。在那期間，英語成了政府使用的語言和教育用語。在新加坡、馬來西亞和非洲的一些國家(如南非)，人們也說英語。如今，在中國，學(xué)英語的人的數(shù)量在迅速增多。事實上，中國或許是世界上英語學(xué)習(xí)者最多的國家。中國式英語會形成自己的特征嗎？這個問題只能由時間來回答了。[詞語積累]①attheendof在……結(jié)束時；在……盡頭②voyage/'v???d?/n.航行；航海③conquer/'k??k?/vt.征服；占領(lǐng)④becauseof因為；由于⑤native/'ne?t?v/adj.本國的；本地的n.本地人；本國人⑥flat/fl?t/n.(英)公寓，單元房⑦eup走近；上來；提出⑧apartment/?'pɑ?tm?nt/n.(美)公寓住宅；單元住宅⑨overtime隨著時間的推移⑩actually/'?kt???l?/adv.實際上；事實上?atfirst起先，起初?base/be?s/vt.以……為根據(jù)n．基部；基地；基礎(chǔ)?atpresent現(xiàn)在；目前?gradually/'ɡr?d???l?/adv.逐漸地；逐步地gradual/'ɡr?d???l/adj.逐漸的；逐步的?rulevt.統(tǒng)治n．規(guī)則?settler/'setl?(r)/n.移民?enrich/?n'r?t?/vt.充實；使富裕；改善?vocabulary/v?'k?bj?l?r?/n.詞匯；詞匯量；詞表?makeuseof利用；使用?settlev.確定；解決；定居eq\o(○,\s\up1(21))spelling/'spel??/n.拼寫；拼法eq\o(○,\s\up1(22))latter/'l?t?/adj.較后的；后半的；(兩者中)后者的theformer...thelatter...前者……后者……eq\o(○,\s\up1(23))separate/'sepr?t/adj.不同的，單獨的eq\o(○,\s\up1(24))identity/a?'dent?t?/n.本身；本體；身份identitycard身份證eq\o(○,\s\up1(25))fluent/'flu??nt/adj.流利的；流暢的befluentin在……方面流利fluently/'flu??ntl?/adv.流利地；流暢地eq\o(○,\s\up1(26))suchas例如……；像這種的eq\o(○,\s\up1(27))thenumberof...……的數(shù)量/數(shù)目[核心素養(yǎng)鏈接·文化采風(fēng)]對美國人來說，讓單詞拼寫變得簡單的是一位叫諾厄·韋伯斯特的人，他因其所著的《美國英語詞典》而為人所知。該詞典于1828年首次出版。它引進(jìn)了許多新的美式英語單詞，并且?guī)в兴鼈兊陌l(fā)音、用法和新的拼法。英國人批評這本詞典，但它很快成了美國的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)參考書。今天，韋伯斯特的詞典仍是美國學(xué)生的首選詞典。課時作業(yè)(五)Unit2SectionⅠWarmingUp&Reading—Pre-readingⅠ.閱讀理解AEnglishhassurelybeethegloballanguage.Wheneverweturnonthenewstofindoutwhat'shappeninginEastAsia,orAfrica,oranywhere,peoplearebeinginterviewed(采訪)andtellingusaboutitinEnglish.IfpeoplelookatthefactsabouttheamazingreachoftheEnglishlanguage,manywouldbesurprised.Englishisusedinover90countriesasanofficialorsemi-officiallanguage.Englishistheworkinglanguageofmanyinternationalinstitutes(研究所)aswellasofmostinternationalresearchscientists.ItisalsothelanguagethatIndianparentsandblackparentswishtheirchildrentolearn.ItisbelievedthatoveronebillionpeopleworldwidearenowlearningEnglish.OneofthemostimportantcausesofthespreadofEnglisharoundtheworldisthatEuropeansarewillingtoacceptitastheirlanguage.EnglishisspreadingfromnorthernEuropetothesouthandisnowthesecondlanguageincountriessuchasSweden,Norway,NetherlandsandDenmark.Ifonevisitsanyofthem,itwouldseemthatalmosteveryonetherecantalkinEnglish.Recently,areportsaidthatatthebeginningof2001,Englishwasthemostwidelyknownforeignlanguagewith43%ofEuropeanssayingtheyspokeit.Thereportalsosaidthatwithover89%ofthepopulationspeakingEnglish,SwedennowhasthehighestpercentageofEnglishspeakers.What'smore,Englishisthelanguageratedasmostusefultoknowandover77%ofEuropeanswhodonotspeakEnglishastheirfirstlanguageconsiderituseful.【語篇解讀】英語是當(dāng)代國際交往中使用最廣泛的語言，它已經(jīng)成為全球性的語言。1．Bywritingthispassage,thewritermainlywantstotellus________.A．whysomanypeoplespeakEnglisharoundtheworldB．thatEnglishhasbeealanguagespokenallovertheworldC．a(chǎn)boutthedevelopmentofEnglishinEuropeD．somethingabouttheEnglish-speakingcountries答案與解析：B寫作意圖題。根據(jù)第一段第一句“Englishhassurelybeethegloballanguage.”以及后文的具體描述，可知答案選B。2．ThewritermentionsallofthefollowingEXCEPT________.A．AsiaB．EuropeC．AfricaD．America答案與解析：D細(xì)節(jié)理解題。第一段中的“inEastAsia,orAfrica,oranywhere”提到了亞洲和非洲；第三段和第四段作者又提到了歐洲，故答案選D。3．Accordingtothepassage,whathasplayedanimportantroleinspreadingEnglisharoundtheworld?A．Thatgovernmentshaveaskedtheirpeopletolearnitinschool.B．ThatEnglishisthemostbeautifullanguageintheworld.C．ThatEuropeansarewillingtoacceptEnglishastheirlanguage.D．ThatpeoplehavetouseEnglishintheirwork.答案與解析：C細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段的“Oneofthemostimportantcauses...isthatEuropeansarewillingtoacceptitastheirlanguage.”可知C項正確。4．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“rated”inthelastparagraphmean?A．Stood.B．Agreed.C．Considered.D．Argued.答案與解析：C詞義猜測題。根據(jù)語境以及第四段的“considerituseful”可知rated在這里意為“認(rèn)為，看作”。BEveryoneknowsaboutNewYear'sEveandIndependenceDay.Butdidyouknowthatthereareenoughholidaystofilleverydayoftheyear?Herearejustafewwefoundinteresting.WorldHelloDayTocelebratethisday,sayhellotoatleasttendifferentpeople.WorldHelloDaybeganintheautumnof1973,shortlyaftertheendofawarintheMiddleEast.BrianandMichaelMcCormackofOmaha.Nebraska,wonderedwhattheycoulddotoencourageworldpeace.Theyfeltthebestwaywasbygettingpeopletotalkwithoneanother.TheMcCormackssentletterstotheleadersofeverycountryintheworldaboutthefirstWorldHelloDay.Theywrotethelettersinasmanydifferentlanguagesastheycould.OfficialswrotebackfromsixteencountriesandencouragedBrianandMichaeltomakeWorldHelloDayayearlyevent.TheholidayhasbeenheldonthethirdSundayofNovembereveryyearsince.TheMcCormackshavereceivedlettersfrommanyfamouspeoplecongratulatingthemfortheirefforts.InternationalDayoftheSeal(海豹)March22istheofficialInternationalDayoftheSeal.ButtheNationalZoologicalParkinWashington,D．C.,andmanyotherzoosandresearchcentersaroundtheworldcelebratethisholidayonthethirdweekendofMarch.Theholidaywascreatedtotellpeopleaboutthedangerssealsfacefrompollutionandfishingnets.AttheNationalZoologicalPark,youcanfindouthowsealsliveandwaystohelpprotecttheirhabitats(棲息地)．Doit!DayAreyouaprocrastinator?Here'sadaytofinishallthosethingsyou'vebeenmeaningtodo.DoIt!DayiscelebratedonthefirstWednesdayinSeptember.“Thewholeideaistofeelgoodaboutgettingthingsdone，”saysthefounderofDoIt!Day,EthelCook.Shecameupwiththeideaaspartofherworkhelpingbusinessesgetorganized.CookhopeseveryonewillturntheirDoItsintoDidIts.【語篇解讀】本文是說明文。文章主要介紹了一些有趣的節(jié)日。5．WorldHelloDaywassetto________.A．createpeaceworldwideB．stopthewarintheMiddleEastC．encourageforeignlanguagelearningD．spreadknowledgeaboutdifferentcountries答案與解析：A細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)WorldHelloDay中的“BrianandMichaelMcCormackofOmaha,Nebraska,wonderedwhattheycoulddotoencourageworldpeace.”可知，世界問候日設(shè)立的初衷就是為了促進(jìn)世界和平。6．HowdidtheMcCormacksadvertiseWorldHelloDay?A．ByreportingitonTV.B．Bymeetingfamouspeople.C．Bypublishingitinthenewspapers.D．Bywritingletterstoworldleaders.答案與解析：D細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)WorldHelloDay中的“TheMcCormackssentletterstotheleadersofeverycountryintheworldaboutthefirstWorldHelloDay.”可知，McCormacks兄弟通過給各國領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人寫信來宣傳、推廣世界問候日。7．WhendoestheNationalA．OnMarch22.B．OnthethirdweekendofMarch.C．OnthethirdSundayofNovember.D．OnthefirstWednesdayinSeptember.答案與解析：B細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)InternationalDayoftheSeal中的“ButtheNationalZoologicalPark...celebratethisholidayonthethirdweekendofMarch.”可知應(yīng)選B項。8．Theunderlinedword“procrastinator”inthelastparagraphreferstoapersonwho________.A．cleansupthingsquicklyB．putsoffthingsuntillaterC．a(chǎn)lwaysesupwithgoodideasD．feelsgoodaboutgettingthingsdone答案與解析：B詞義猜測題。根據(jù)Doit!Day中的“Here'sadaytofinishallthosethingsyou'vebeenmeaningtodo.”可知，行動日就是讓有拖延癥的人趕緊完成他們未完成的事情，故procrastinator指“做事拖延的人”。Ⅱ.閱讀填句Weallknowitisnotalwayssoeasytobehappy.Wealsoknowhowstressed(有壓力的)youare,withhomework,exams,sportsmeetsandextraoutdooractivities,letalonetryingtohavealifeoutsideschool.__1__ExercisePhysicalactivityproduc