專題 19 閱讀理解之議論文-2024年新高考英語一輪復(fù)習(xí)練小題刷大題提能力（解析版）

專題19閱讀理解（議論文）刷大題、提能力1.（2023年福建省泉州第五中學(xué)高考模擬試題）Technologyseemstodiscourageslowreading.Readingonscreenstireseyeseasily.Soonlinewritingismoreskimmablethanprint.TheneuroscientistMaryWaltarguedthis“newnorm”ofskimreadingisproducing“aninvisible,dramatictransformation”inhowreadersprocesswords.Andbrainsnowfavorrapidabsorptionofinformation,ratherthanskillsdevelopedbydeeperreading,likecriticalanalysis.Weshouldn’toverplaythisdanger.Allreadersskim.Skimmingistheskillweacquireaswelearntoreadmoreskillfully.Andfearsaboutdecliningattentionspanshaveprovedtobefalsealarms.“Somecriticsworryaboutattentionspanandseeveryshortstoriesassignsofculturaldecline,”TheAmericanauthorSelvinwrote.“Butnobodyeversaidpoemswereevidenceofshortattentionspans.”YettheInternethascertainlychangedthewayweread.First,itmeansthere’smoretoread,becausemorepeoplethaneverarewriting.Anddigitalwritingmeansrapidreleaseandresponse.Oncepublished,onlinearticlesstartformingacommentstringunderneath.Suchmodeofwritingandreadingcanbeinteractiveandfun,butisprobablylackinginprofoundreflection.Perhapsweshouldslowdown.Readingisconstantlypromotedasasourceofpersonalachievement.Butthisadvocacyemphasizes“enthusiastic”or“eager”reading—neithersuggestslowabsorption.Toaslowreader,apieceofwritingcanonlybefullyunderstoodbyimmersingoneselfintheirslowcomprehensionofwords.Theslowreaderislikeaswimmerwhostopscountingthenumberofpoollapshe’sdoneandjustenjoyshowhisbodyfeelsandmovesinwater.Thehumanneedforthiskindofdeepreadingistoodeterminedforanynewtechnologytodestroy.Weoftenassumetechnologicalchangecan’tbestopped,sooldermediaarekickedoutbynewer,morevirtualforms.Inpractice,oldertechnologiescancoexistwithnewones.TheKindlehasn’tkilledoffprintedbooksanymorethancarskilledoffbicycles.Westillwanttoenjoyslowly-formedideasandcarefully-chosenwords.Eveninafast-movingage,thereistimeforslowreading.1．Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowardsSelvin’sopinion?A．Favorable. B．Critical. C．Doubtful. D．Objective.2．Whichstatementwouldtheauthorprobablyagreewith?A．Advocacyofpassionatereadinghelpspromoteslowreading.B．Digitalwritingandreadingtendstoignorecarefulreflection.C．Weshouldbeawareoftheimpactskimminghasonthebrain.D．ThenumberofInternetreadersdeclinesduetotechnology.3．Whyis“swimmer”mentionedinparagraph4?A．Todemonstratehowtoimmerseoneselfinthought.B．Tostressswimmingdiffersfromreading.C．Toshowslowreadingisbetterthanfastreading.D．Toillustratewhatslowreadingislike.4．Whichwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?A．SlowReadingisHeretoStayB．TechnologyPreventsSlowReadingC．ReflectionsonDeepReadingD．TheWonderofDeepReading【答案】1．A2．B3．D4．A【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇議論文。作者從各角度就科技對(duì)閱讀的影響闡述了自己的觀點(diǎn)并推崇慢速閱讀。1．推理判斷題。由文章第二段“Weshouldn’toverplaythisdanger.Allreadersskim.Skimmingistheskillweacquireaswelearntoreadmoreskillfully.Andfearsaboutdecliningattentionspanshaveprovedtobefalsealarms.‘Somecriticsworryaboutattentionspanandseeveryshortstoriesassignsofculturaldecline,’TheAmericanauthorSelvinwrote.‘Butnobodyeversaidpoemswereevidenceofshortattentionspans.’(我們不應(yīng)該夸大這種危險(xiǎn)。所有讀者都會(huì)略讀。略讀是我們?cè)趯W(xué)習(xí)更熟練地閱讀時(shí)獲得的技能。事實(shí)證明，對(duì)注意力持續(xù)時(shí)間下降的擔(dān)憂是虛驚一場(chǎng)。美國作家Selvin寫道，‘一些評(píng)論家擔(dān)心注意力持續(xù)時(shí)間，認(rèn)為短篇小說是文化衰落的標(biāo)志，但從來沒有人說詩歌是注意力持續(xù)時(shí)間短的證據(jù)’。)”可知，作者是贊成Selvin的觀點(diǎn)，詩歌就是注意力持續(xù)時(shí)間短但文化豐富的深度閱讀，所以對(duì)閱讀注意力持續(xù)時(shí)間下降的擔(dān)憂是沒有必要的。故選A項(xiàng)。2．推理判斷題。由文章第三段“Oncepublished,onlinearticlesstartformingacommentstringunderneath.Suchmodeofwritingandreadingcanbeinteractiveandfun,butisprobablylackinginprofoundreflection.(一旦發(fā)表，在線文章就開始在下面形成一個(gè)評(píng)論字符串。這種寫作和閱讀模式可以是互動(dòng)和有趣的，但可能缺乏深刻的反思。)”可知，作者認(rèn)為在線寫作和閱讀往往忽視仔細(xì)思考。故選B項(xiàng)。3．推理判斷題。由文章第四段“Toaslowreader,apieceofwritingcanonlybefullyunderstoodbyimmersingoneselfintheirslowcomprehensionofwords.Theslowreaderislikeaswimmerwhostopscountingthenumberofpoollapshe'sdoneandjustenjoyshowhisbodyfeelsandmovesinwater.(對(duì)于一個(gè)慢讀者來說，只有沉浸在他們對(duì)單詞的緩慢理解中，才能完全理解一篇文章。閱讀速度慢的人就像一個(gè)游泳運(yùn)動(dòng)員，他不再計(jì)算自己在游泳池里跑了多少圈，只是享受自己的身體在水中的感覺和運(yùn)動(dòng)。)”可知，一個(gè)游泳運(yùn)動(dòng)員不再計(jì)算自己在游泳池里跑了多少圈，只是享受自己的身體在水中的感覺和運(yùn)動(dòng)，作者提到游泳運(yùn)動(dòng)員是為了說明慢速閱讀是什么樣的。故選D項(xiàng)。4．主旨大意題。由文章最后一段“Inpractice,oldertechnologiescancoexistwithnewones.TheKindlehasn'tkilledoffprintedbooksanymorethancarskilledoffbicycles.Westillwanttoenjoyslowly-formedideasandcarefully-chosenwords.Eveninafast-movingage,thereistimeforslowreading.(在實(shí)踐中，舊技術(shù)可以與新技術(shù)共存。Kindle并沒有像汽車殺死自行車一樣殺死印刷書籍。我們?nèi)匀幌胂硎苈纬傻南敕ê途奶暨x的詞語。即使在一個(gè)快速發(fā)展的時(shí)代，也有時(shí)間慢慢閱讀。)”以及上文可知，作者就科技對(duì)閱讀的影響闡述自己的觀點(diǎn)并認(rèn)為在快速發(fā)展的時(shí)代中，我們?nèi)匀豢梢韵硎苈匍喿x。所以A項(xiàng)SlowReadingisHeretoStay(慢讀還是存在的)符文文意。故選A項(xiàng)。2.（2023年湖南省郴州市九校聯(lián)盟高三試題）It’sunlikelythatyoucomehomefromatripandstandontopofyourbedstillwearingyourstreetshoes.Forsometravellers,puttingtheirsuitcaseontheirbedisjustasdisgusting(令人反感的).Thewheelsofourluggagepacedthesamesoiledpathasourshoes,rollingthroughairportbathrooms,sidewalksandpublictransportation.Whileitmightsoundterribletoputaworldlybagonyourbed,isitactuallyharmfultoyourhealth?AccordingtoPhyllisKozarsky,anexperttravelhealthconsultant,mostpublichealthprofessionalsdon’tconsiderluggageamajortransmitter(傳播者)ofdisease.“Wehavenotidentifiedoutbreaksrelatedtodirtyluggage,”Kozarskysays.Travellersmaybenefitfromcleaningtheirluggageiftheysuspectthattheirhotelroomsareoverrunwithbedbugs.“Thentheycertainlywouldbenefitbycleaningitaftertheyreturnedhome,”Kozarskysays.Evenifyourluggagetouchingyourbedwon’thurtyou,youmightstillbedisgusted.Afterall,travelisanexperiencefullofbacteria.“Youhavepeople...carryingalltypesofdifferentbacteria.Someofthemaresick,andyounowhavethempopulatingthesepublictravelplaces,”saysColleenCostello,CEOofVitalVio,acompanythatmakesantibacterialLEDlights.Yourfellowtravellershavetotouchallthesamethingsyouhavetotouch,fromtheTSAcheckpointtotheairplane,thetrainticketingmachinetothehandrailinyourtraincar.Forpeaceofmind,Costellorecommendsgivingyourbagaquickdisinfectionorstoringitonaluggageshelf.Ofcourse,youcouldgobeyonddisinfectingyourluggagewheelsandcleanthoroughlytherestofyourtravelexperience—theairplanetraytable,hotelroomdoorandremotecontrol.ButKozarskydoesn’tguaranteethatlifestyle.“It’shardtokeepupwitheverydoorhandle,everyrailing,”Kozarskysays.“Youcanbecomealittleneurotic(神經(jīng)質(zhì)的)thatway.”5．What’sthefunctionofthefirstparagraph?A．Topredicttheconclusion. B．Topresenttheargument.C．Tointroducethetopic. D．Todescribethephenomenon.6．WhatdoesKozarskyconveybyexplainingtheluggage-cleaningcase?A．Luggagetouchingyourbedwon’thurtyou. B．Luggagespreadsdiseasethroughyourbed.C．It’samusttocleanyourluggageaftertravelling. D．Travellersshouldbecarefulofon-waydangers.7．HowdoesCostellosupporthisopinion?A．Bygivingexamples. B．Bystatingfacts.C．Bymakingcomparisons. D．Bylistingfigures.8．WhatdoesKozarskythinkofCostello’ssuggestion?A．Ithasgonetoofar. B．It’sabsolutelyworthless.C．Itsoundssomewhatreasonable. D．It’sworthtakingintoconsideration.【答案】5．C6．A7．B8．A【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇議論文。跟隨主人闖蕩多年的行李箱放在床上是否對(duì)人體有害？專家對(duì)此觀點(diǎn)不一。5．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段“It’sunlikelythatyoucomehomefromatripandstandontopofyourbedstillwearingyourstreetshoes.Forsometravellers,puttingtheirsuitcaseontheirbedisjustasdisgusting(令人反感的).Thewheelsofourluggagepacedthesamesoiledpathasourshoes,rollingthroughairportbathrooms,sidewalksandpublictransportation.(你不太可能從旅行回到家，還穿著你的街頭鞋站在床上。對(duì)一些旅行者來說，把行李箱放在床上同樣令人惡心。我們的行李輪子和我們的鞋子一樣，在機(jī)場(chǎng)的浴室、人行道和公共交通工具上滾動(dòng)著)”以及第二段“Whileitmightsoundterribletoputaworldlybagonyourbed,isitactuallyharmfultoyourhealth?(雖然把一個(gè)世俗的袋子放在床上聽起來很可怕，但它真的對(duì)你的健康有害嗎？)”可推知，第一段的作用是引入文章話題。故選C。6．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段“Wehavenotidentifiedoutbreaksrelatedtodirtyluggage(我們還沒有發(fā)現(xiàn)與臟行李有關(guān)的疫情)”以及第四段“Evenifyourluggagetouchingyourbedwon’thurtyou,youmightstillbedisgusted.(即使你的行李碰在床上不會(huì)傷害到你，你也可能會(huì)感到惡心)”可知，科扎斯基通過解釋行李清潔案例傳達(dá)行李碰你的床不會(huì)傷害你。故選A。7．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段““Youhavepeople...carryingalltypesofdifferentbacteria.Someofthemaresick,andyounowhavethempopulatingthesepublictravelplaces,”saysColleenCostello,CEOofVitalVio,acompanythatmakesantibacterialLEDlights.(“有人……攜帶各種不同的細(xì)菌。他們中的一些人生病了，現(xiàn)在他們?cè)谶@些公共旅行場(chǎng)所聚集，”生產(chǎn)抗菌LED燈的VitalVio公司的首席執(zhí)行官科琳·科斯特洛說)”可推知，科斯特洛通過陳述事實(shí)支持他的觀點(diǎn)。故選B。8．推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“ButKozarskydoesn’tguaranteethatlifestyle.“It’shardtokeepupwitheverydoorhandle,everyrailing,”Kozarskysays.“Youcanbecomealittleneurotic(神經(jīng)質(zhì)的)thatway.”(但科扎斯基并不能保證這種生活方式。科扎爾斯基說：“很難跟上每一個(gè)門把手、每一條欄桿。那樣你會(huì)變得有點(diǎn)神經(jīng)質(zhì)。”)”可推知，科扎斯基認(rèn)為科斯特洛的建議有點(diǎn)太過分了。故選A。3.（安徽省池州市貴池區(qū)池州市第一中學(xué)2023年高三試題）Whoisagenius?Thisquestionhasgreatlyinterestedhumankindforcenturies.Let’sstateclearly:Einsteinwasagenius.Hisfaceisalmosttheinternationalsymbolforgenius.Butwewanttogobeyondonemanandexplorethenatureofgeniusitself.Whyisitthatsomepeoplearesomuchmoreintelligentorcreativethantherestofus?Andwhoarethey?Inthesciencesandarts,thosepraisedasgeniusesweremostoftenwhitemen,ofEuropeanorigin.Perhapsthisisnotasurprise.It’ssaidthathistoryiswrittenbythevictors,andthosevictorssetthestandardsforadmissiontothegeniusclub.Whencontributionsweremadebygeniusesoutsidetheclub—women,orpeopleofadifferentcolororbelief—theywereunacknowledgedandrejectedbyothers.AstudyrecentlypublishedbySciencefoundthatasyoungasagesix,girlsarelesslikelythanboystosaythatmembersoftheirgender(性別)are“really,reallysmart.”Evenworse,thestudyfoundthatgirlsactonthatbelief.Aroundagesixtheystarttoavoidactivitiessaidtobeforchildrenwhoare“really,reallysmart.”Canourplanetaffordtohaveanygreatthinkersbecomediscouragedandgiveup?Itdoesn’ttakeageniustoknowtheanswer:absolutelynot.Here’sthegoodnews.Inawiredworldwithconstantglobalcommunication,we’reallpositionedtoseeflashesofgeniuswherevertheyappear.Andthemorewelook,themorewewillseethatsocialfactors(因素)likegender,race,andclassdonotdeterminetheappearanceofgenius.Asawritersays,futuregeniusescomefromthosewith“intelligence,creativity,perseverance(毅力),andsimplegoodfortune,whoareabletochangetheworld.”9．What’stheauthor’sattitudetowardsvictors’standardsforjoiningthegeniusclub?A．Positive. B．Objective.C．Skeptical. D．Unclear.10．WhatcanweinferaboutgirlsfromthestudyinScience?A．Theythinkthemselvessmart.B．Theylookuptogreatthinkers.C．Theyseegenderdifferencesearlierthanboys.D．Theyarelikelytobeinfluencedbysocialbeliefs.11．Whyaremoregeniusesknowntothepublic?A．Becauseofimprovedglobalcommunication.B．Becauseoflessdiscriminationagainstwomen.C．Becauseofacceptanceofvictors’concepts.D．Becauseofchangesinpeople’ssocialpositions.12．Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?A．GeniusesThinkAlike B．GeniusandtheFutureWorldC．GeniusandIntelligence D．GeniusMayBelongtoDifferentCategories【答案】9．C10．D11．A12．D【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇議論文。文章由問題“誰是天才？”引入，論述了世人對(duì)天才的狹隘定義，提出事實(shí)上“天才”有很多種形式，不要讓思維限制了我們的“天才”能力。9．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段的“It’ssaidthathistoryiswrittenbythevictors,andthosevictorssetthestandardsforadmissiontothegeniusclub.Whencontributionsweremadebygeniusesoutsidetheclub—women,orpeopleofadifferentcolororbelief—theywereunacknowledgedandrejectedbyothers.(據(jù)說歷史是由勝利者書寫的，而那些勝利者為進(jìn)入天才俱樂部設(shè)定了標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。當(dāng)俱樂部以外的天才——女性或不同膚色或信仰的人——做出貢獻(xiàn)時(shí)，他們不會(huì)被承認(rèn)并且被其他人拒絕)”可知，作者認(rèn)為那些“勝利者”對(duì)進(jìn)“天才俱樂部”設(shè)置的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)是不公平的，因?yàn)榕曰蛘卟煌w色或信仰的人做出的成就是得不到承認(rèn)的，故對(duì)此持批判態(tài)度。故選C。10．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段的“Evenworse,thestudyfoundthatgirlsactonthatbelief.Aroundagesixtheystarttoavoidactivitiessaidtobeforchildrenwhoare‘really,reallysmart.’(更糟糕的是，研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，女孩們的行為也遵循這一信念。在六歲左右，她們開始避免那些據(jù)說是‘非常非常聰明’的孩子才會(huì)做的活動(dòng))”可推知，女孩容易受到社會(huì)信仰的影響，認(rèn)為自己在六歲左右就不適合做“聰明孩子”做的事情。故選D。11．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段的“Inawiredworldwithconstantglobalcommunication,we’reallpositionedtoseeflashesofgeniuswherevertheyappear.(在一個(gè)擁有持續(xù)的全球交流的聯(lián)網(wǎng)的世界里，我們隨時(shí)隨地都能看到天才的出現(xiàn))”可知，進(jìn)步的全球通訊讓更多的天才被公眾所知道。故選A。12．主旨大意題。根據(jù)文章的主要內(nèi)容，結(jié)合文章第一段提出問題“Whoisagenius?(誰是天才？)”和最后一段的“Andthemorewelook,themorewewillseethatsocialfactors(因素)likegender,race,andclassdonotdeterminetheappearanceofgenius.Asawritersays,futuregeniusescomefromthosewith‘intelligence,creativity,perseverance(毅力),andsimplegoodfortune,whoareabletochangetheworld.’(我們看得越多，就越會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)，性別、種族和階級(jí)等社會(huì)因素并不能決定天才的外貌。正如一位作家所說，未來的天才來自那些‘擁有智慧、創(chuàng)造力、毅力和簡(jiǎn)單的好運(yùn)，能夠改變世界的人’)”可知，天才不一定是那些有巨大貢獻(xiàn)的人，他們也可以是某一方面比較突出的普通人。由此可知D項(xiàng)“天才可能屬于不同的范疇”為最佳標(biāo)題。故選D。4.（2023年河南省南陽高三模擬卷）MariluArcelovesherjob,butforatimesheconsideredleaving.Thetraffic-plaguedcommutefromherhometoheroffice,nearlytwohourseachway,meantherdaughterscouldn’tenrollinafterschoolactivitiesbecauseshecouldn’tgethomeintimetotakethem.Thenheremployeradoptedapolicypermittinghertoworkfromhometwodaysaweek,and“Ifeellikeitchangedmylife,”shesaid.Herstresslevelhasdropped.Herdaughtersarethrilled.Shelikesherjobmore.That’sthetypeofreactionArce’sbosslikestohearasthecompanymeasuresthesuccessofthework-from-homepolicywhichwasinstitutedthreeyearsagoinhopesofimprovingemployeeretention.Sofar,itseemstobeworking:turnoverwaslessthanfivepercentlastyear—itslowestever.Flexibleworkpoliciestopemployeewishlistswhentheylookforajob,andemployersincreasinglyhavebeenofferingthem.Studieshaveshownworkingremotelyincreasesemployeeengagement,butinmoderationbecausethereisstillvalueintherelationshipsnurturedwhencolleaguesarefacetoface.Thekey,advocatesofflexibleworkpoliciessay,istomatchtheenvironmentwiththetypeofworkthatneedstobedone.Theflexibilityhasn’thurtproductivity,whichisup50percent.Thereis“somethinglost”whencolleaguesdon’tgatheratthewatercooler,butit’soutweighedbytheretentionandhappinessgains,hesaid.Asjobsthatrequirephysicalworkdecline,thankstotechnologicaladvances,lifesuperficiallyappearstogetbetter.Consumersbenefitintheformofcheaperprices.Labor-savingappliancesallmakethingseasierandsuggestthatevenmoreandbetterbenefitsareonthehorizon.Butissomethinglost?Talklongenoughtothemostaccomplishedacademics,theywillbragaboutalong-agocollegesummerjobwaitingtablesorrepairinghikingtrails.Theymightpraisetheinstallerwhoredidtheirkitchen.Thereseemstobeahumaninstincttowanttodophysicalwork.Theproliferationofhard-workreality-televisionprogrammingreflectsthisapparentneed.Indeed,themorewehavebecomeimmobileandurbanized,themorewetuneintowatchrealitytelevision’struckers,loggers,farmers,drillersandrailengineers.Inasocietythatsupposedlydespisesmenialjobs,thetelevisionratingsforsuchprogrammessuggestthatlotsofAmericansenjoywatchingpeopleofaction,whoworkwiththeirhands.Physicalwork,initseleventhhourwithinarapidlychangingWesternculture,stillintriguesusinpartbecauseitremainsthefoundationfor21stcenturycomplexity.Beforeanyofuscanteach,writeorspeculate,wemustfirsthavefood,shelterandsafety.Andforabitlonger,thatwillrequiresomepeopletocutgrapesandnailtwo-by-sixes.Noappsor3Dprintersexisttoproducebrownrice.Physicallabouralsopromoteshumanversatility:Thosewhodonotdoit,orwhodonotknowhowtodoit,becomedivorcedfrom—and,atthesametime,dependenton—labourers.Lawyers,accountantsandjournalistslivinginhouseswithyardsanddrivingcarstoworkthuscountonasupportinginfrastructureofelectricians,landscapersandmechanics.Inthatcontext,physicallabourcanprovideindependence,atleastinalimitedsenseofnotbeingentirelyreliantonahostofhiredworkers.13．TheauthormentionstheexampleofArcetoshowthat________.A．shedislikesthepresentjobforthelongcommutingtimeB．sheishavingtroublebalancingworkandschoollifeC．peopleusuallydon’tworkhardoutsideofficeD．employersarefacingtheproblemofstaffdrain14．Thepracticeofflexibleworkingtimeisbasedonthebeliefthat________.A．ithelpstoincreasejobsatisfactionfortheemployeesB．itimprovesharmoniousrelationshipamongcolleaguesC．thedeclineinphysicalworkgivesemployeesmoremobilityD．employeesareentitledtorequestitaccordingtotheirwork15．Whatisthepossiblereasonforthepopularityofhard-workreality-televisionprogrammes?A．Theyentertainthoseemployeesburnedoutwithoverwork.B．Peoplecanlearnsomebasiclabourskillsfromtheseprogrammes.C．There’sanongoingneedforphysicallabourskillsthattechnologydoesn’tpossess.D．Theyofferinstructiveinformationforbothemployersandemployees.16．Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleforthepassage?A．TheEmergenceofAlternativeWorkArrangementsB．TheRiseofAutomation,theDeclineinNeedforLabourC．TimetoRethinkintheFaceoftheEvolutionofWorkD．NewChallengesforToday’sEmployersandAcademics【答案】13．D14．A15．C16．C【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇議論文。靈活的工作制度和技術(shù)的發(fā)展帶來了便利，減少了人們的體力勞動(dòng)，但體力勞動(dòng)對(duì)人們也有重大意義。13．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一、二段的內(nèi)容，尤其是第二段中的“That’sthetypeofreactionArce’sbosslikestohearasthecompanymeasuresthesuccessofthework-from-homepolicywhichwasinstitutedthreeyearsagoinhopesofimprovingemployeeretention.(這是Arce的老板在公司評(píng)估在家工作政策是否成功時(shí)喜歡聽到的反應(yīng)。該政策是三年前制定的，旨在提高員工的留任率)”可知，Arce雖然喜歡自己的工作，但由于交通問題想要辭職，老板允許她在家工作后，她更加喜歡這個(gè)工作了，這也是老板喜聞樂見的，因?yàn)檫@種政策留住了員工，由此可推測(cè)出，列舉Arce的例子是為了說明雇主們面臨著員工流失的問題。故選D。14．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段中的“Flexibleworkpoliciestopemployeewishlistswhentheylookforajob,andemployersincreasinglyhavebeenofferingthem.(靈活的工作政策是員工求職時(shí)的首要愿望，雇主越來越多地提供這些政策)”可知，員工求職時(shí)的首要愿望就是靈活的工作政策，由此可推測(cè)，實(shí)施靈活工作可以幫助增加員工的工作滿意度。故選A。15．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第五段中的“Thereseemstobeahumaninstincttowanttodophysicalwork.Theproliferationofhard-workreality-televisionprogrammingreflectsthisapparentneed.(人類似乎有一種想做體力勞動(dòng)的本能。辛勤工作的真人秀節(jié)目的激增反映了這種明顯的需求)”可知，辛勤工作的真人秀受到歡迎反映了人類進(jìn)行體力勞動(dòng)的需求。故選C。16．主旨大意題。通讀全文可知，前三段借用MariluArce的例子講述了靈活工作政策帶來的好處，第四段結(jié)尾用問句“Butissomethinglost?(但是有什么東西失去了嗎？)”進(jìn)行轉(zhuǎn)折，接下來講述了人們離不開體力勞動(dòng)的原因。由此可推測(cè)出，本文圍繞靈活工作政策減少體力勞動(dòng)展開，講述了其帶來的好處以及并不適用于所有情況，C項(xiàng)“面對(duì)工作的演變，是時(shí)候反思了”最能反映本文主題。故選C。5.（重慶市四區(qū)2023年高三模擬試題）Anyimagetakenfromspaceconfirmsthatweliveonanoceanplanet.Howstrangethatwecallourplanet“Earth,”derivedfromaGermanicwordmeaning“theground,”whenmorethan70percentofitssurfaceiscoveredbyocean.Weneedmorepeopletoseethesea.Rightnow,lessthan3percentoftheoceanisconsideredhighlyprotected.Expertsurgethatatleast30percentbeprotectedtosafeguardmarine(海洋的)ecosystems,whichinturnwillhelpprotectourhealthandwell-being.Theoceansuppliesmorethanhalfouroxygen,absorbscarbondioxide,regulatesourclimate,andsupportsmuchoftheworld’seconomy.Weneeditalotmorethanitneedsus.TakeFlorida,forexample,oneoftheUnitedStates’recreationalhotspots.It’sborderedbytheFloridaReefTract,NorthAmerica’sonlylivingcoralbarrierreefandthethirdlargestintheworld.Hometomorethan500speciesoffish,thereefisalsoessentialtotheSunshineState’seconomy,generatinganestimated$1.1billionannuallyintourism.Thereefbuffers(保護(hù))thecoastline,too,sincehealthycoralreefsabsorb97percentofawave’senergy.Three-quartersofFlorida’s22millionpeoplelivealongthecoast,andtheFloridaReefTractprovidesmorethan$650millionincombinedeconomicactivityandfloodprotection.ANovember2022studyfromtheUniversityofMiamihasfoundthat70percentofFlorida’scoralreefsareexperiencinganetlossofreefhabitat.DirectlyfacingtheseconcernsiswhatImeanbyseeingthesea—thegood,thebad,theimportant.Knowledgeispower,andwecanuseittoinformourchoices,fromtravelingmoremindfully,toexamininghowwerunourbusinesses,tovoting.“Noonecandoeverything,buteveryonecandosomething,”SylviaEarle,oceanographerandNationalGeographicExploreratLarge,isfondofsaying.Theoceanisaremarkableteacher,andit’snevertoolatetostartlearning.17．Whatdoestheseadoforourhuman?A．Theseachangesourclimate.B．Theseacontrolscarbondioxideforus.C．Theseaproducesalltheoxygenweneed.D．Theseaprovideseconomicalbenefitsforus.18．Whatdoesthewritersuggest?A．Travellingmore,learningmore.B．Runningourbusinesscreatively.C．Raisingawarenessofconservation.D．Doingsomevotingbeforeactions.19．Whereisthepassageprobablyfrom?A．Ascientificfiction. B．Anewsreport.C．Atraveljournal. D．Anaturalmagazine.20．Whatisasuitabletitleforthetext?A．ToHugtheOceanTightly.B．ToLearntheOceanDevotedly.C．ToCleantheOceanCarefully.D．ToLovetheOceanPermanently.【答案】17．D18．C19．D20．B【導(dǎo)語】本文是議論文。地球表面的70%以上都被海洋覆蓋。作者通過舉例分析，呼吁人們了解給我們帶來健康和福祉的海洋，從而保護(hù)海洋。17．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段的“Theoceansuppliesmorethanhalfouroxygen,absorbscarbondioxide,regulatesourclimate,andsupportsmuchoftheworld’seconomy.Weneeditalotmorethanitneedsus.(海洋為我們提供了一半以上的氧氣，吸收二氧化碳，調(diào)節(jié)氣候，并支撐著世界大部分經(jīng)濟(jì)。比起它需要我們，我們更需要它。)”可知，海洋為我們提供經(jīng)濟(jì)效益。故選D。18．推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段的“DirectlyfacingtheseconcernsiswhatImeanbyseeingthesea—thegood,thebad,theimportant.Knowledgeispower,andwecanuseittoinformourchoices,fromtravelingmoremindfully,toexamininghowwerunourbusinesses,tovoting.(直接面對(duì)這些問題就是我所說的看海的意思——好的，壞的，重要的。知識(shí)就是力量，我們可以用它來指導(dǎo)我們的選擇，從更謹(jǐn)慎地旅行，到檢查我們?nèi)绾谓?jīng)營(yíng)我們的企業(yè)，再到投票。)”可知，作者建議我們面對(duì)所有的問題，用知識(shí)指導(dǎo)選擇，謹(jǐn)慎旅游，核查企業(yè)經(jīng)營(yíng)模式等，綜上可推斷，要提高環(huán)保意識(shí)。故選C。19．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段的“Weneedmorepeopletoseethesea.Rightnow,lessthan3percentoftheoceanisconsideredhighlyprotected.Expertsurgethatatleast30percentbeprotectedtosafeguardmarine(海洋的)ecosystems,whichinturnwillhelpprotectourhealthandwell-being.(我們需要更多的人去看海。目前，只有不到3%的海洋被認(rèn)為是高度保護(hù)的。專家敦促至少要保護(hù)30%的海洋生態(tài)系統(tǒng)，這反過來又有助于保護(hù)我們的健康和福祉。)”以及全文內(nèi)容可知，作者通過舉例分析，呼吁人們了解海洋，保護(hù)海洋。因此推斷文章可能選擇自然雜志，故選D。20．主旨大意題。根據(jù)第二段的“Weneedmorepeopletoseethesea.Rightnow,lessthan3percentoftheoceanisconsideredhighlyprotected.Expertsurgethatatleast30percentbeprotectedtosafeguardmarine(海洋的)ecosystems,whichinturnwillhelpprotectourhealthandwell-being.(我們需要更多的人去看海。目前，只有不到3%的海洋被認(rèn)為是高度保護(hù)的。專家敦促至少要保護(hù)30%的海洋生態(tài)系統(tǒng)，這反過來又有助于保護(hù)我們的健康和福祉。)”和最后一段“Theoceanisaremarkableteacher,andit’snevertoolatetostartlearning.(海洋是一位了不起的老師，開始了解永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)太晚。)”可知，作者通過舉例分析，呼吁人們了解給我們帶來健康和福祉的海洋，從而保護(hù)海洋。因此推斷B項(xiàng)“一心一意地了解海洋”為最近標(biāo)題，故選B。6.（2023年四川省高三高考專家聯(lián)測(cè)卷試題）Thecloningtechnologyhasarousedheateddiscussionsamongpeople.Someofthemspeakhighlyofthetechnologybyclaimingthatitoffersawayforhumanbeingstoconquertheirowngeneticdefects.Othersconsideritanogre(食人惡魔)whowilldestroyusallintheend.FOR◆Cloningisimportantforwomenwhoaresingletohaveachild,usingcloninginsteadofartificialinsemination(授精).Cloningcouldalsoprovideacopyofachildforacouplewhosechilddied.◆Anothergoalofcloningistoproducelivestock(家畜)withidealcharactersforagricultureandindustryandtobeabletomanufacturebiologicalproductssuchasproteinsforhumans.◆Cloningcouldbeusedinvariouswaystobenefitthelivesofhumans.◆Itmayprovideawayforcompletelysterileindividualstoreproduce!Itmayprovideawayforhomosexualcouplestoreproducethemselves,anditwillprobablyprovideavaluablebasicresearchandpossiblyspinofftechnologiesrelatedtoreproductionanddevelopment.◆Cloningwouldalsomeanthatorganscouldbecloned,soitwouldbeasourceofperfectorgansfortransplant.Thissurelywouldbeimmenselybeneficialtomillionsofunfortunatepeoplewhoareexpectedtolosetheirlivesduetofailureofasingleorganormoreorgans.AGAINST◆Cloningwouldinterveneinthenormalcycleoflife.Therewouldbealargenumberofidentical(相同的)genes,whichminimizes(使減少到最低限度)thechancesofmutation(變異),and,inturn,evolution—thefundamentalreasonwhylivingthingsnaturallyadapttotheever-changingenvironment.◆Withgeneticengineeringandhumancloningitispossibletousetheseinthearsenal(兵工廠)ofethniccleansing(清洗)creatinginequalityinoursociety,whichwouldbethebeginningofmanywars.◆Anotherargumentagainstcloningisthatitwouldbeavailableonlytothewealthyandthereforewouldincreasesocialinequality.◆Ifthetechnologyweretobeso,scientistscouldtransferhumangenesintoanimals’andviceversa,whichwouldheightenthedangerofdevelopingzoonoses,diseasesthataretransmittedfromanimalstohumans.Itcouldcreateaworldwidecatastrophethatnoonewouldbeabletostop.◆Geneticengineeringwillcauseunseendisastersspiralingourworldintochaoticdarkness.◆Cloningdeadlovedoneswillnotbringthemback;theymaylooklikethem,buttheywillhaveadifferentpersonality.21．Ifasingleladywantsababybutshedoesnotacceptartificialinsemination,shemight________.A．thinkaboutcloningtechnologytocopyoneB．beagainsthavingachildfromcloningtechnologyC．producelivestockwithidealcharactersD．speaklittleofthecloningtechnology22．Thepurposeofthewriterwritingthepassageisto________.A．encourageustosupporttheideasofFORB．a(chǎn)dviseustoaccepttheideasofAGAINSTC．tellustounderstandtheideasofFORandAGAINSTcorrectlyD．introduceustoremembertheideasofFORandAGAINST23．What’stheauthor’sattitudetowardscloning?A．Favorable. B．Objective. C．Critical. D．Doubtful.24．Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?A．Howmanyadvantagesarethere? B．Howmanydisadvantagesarethere?C．Whichsideiswrong? D．Whichsideareyouwith?【答案】21．A22．C23．B24．D【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇議論文。文章主要介紹了支持和反對(duì)克隆技術(shù)的不同觀點(diǎn)和意見。21．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)FOR項(xiàng)第一條中的“Cloningisimportantforwomenwhoaresingletohaveachild,usingcloninginsteadofartificialinsemination(授精).(克隆技術(shù)對(duì)單身女性生孩子很重要，用克隆技術(shù)代替人工授精)”可知，如果一位單身女性想生孩子但是不接受人工授精，她可以考慮用克隆技術(shù)克隆出一個(gè)孩子，故選A。22．推理判斷題。根據(jù)全文大意，尤其是第一段“Thecloningtechnologyhasarousedheateddiscussionsamongpeople.Someofthemspeakhighlyofthetechnologybyclaimingthatitoffersawayforhumanbeingstoconquertheirowngeneticdefects.Othersconsideritanogre(食人惡魔)whowilldestroyusallintheend.(克隆技術(shù)引起了人們的熱烈討論。他們中的一些人高度贊揚(yáng)這項(xiàng)技術(shù)，聲稱它為人類提供了一種克服自身基因缺陷的方法。其他人認(rèn)為它是食人魔，最終會(huì)毀滅我們所有人。)”可知，本文的寫作目的就是讓大家正確認(rèn)識(shí)人們對(duì)克隆技術(shù)所持的贊同與反對(duì)的觀點(diǎn)。故選C。23