高三英語(yǔ)冠詞復(fù)習(xí)

英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法一輪復(fù)習(xí)———冠詞(article)2021/5/91冠詞分類:冠詞是虛詞，本身不能單獨(dú)使用，也沒有詞義，它用在名詞的前面，幫助指明名詞的含義。英語(yǔ)中的冠詞有三種：不定冠詞a(n),定冠詞the,零冠詞冠詞的用法：?jiǎn)螖?shù)名詞

泛指單一，每一，任一事物類指

上文提到過的人或事物說話雙方默認(rèn)的人或事物世界上獨(dú)一無二的事物類指被限制性修飾語(yǔ)所限定的人或事a(n)the特指

2021/5/92復(fù)數(shù)名詞不可數(shù)名詞

the特指上文提到過的人或事物說話雙方默認(rèn)的人或事物被限制性修飾語(yǔ)所限定的人或事

零冠詞泛指的人或事物類指2021/5/93不定冠詞的用法：

a用于輔音音素前，而an則用于元音音素前。

1)表示“一個(gè)”，意為one；或表every(重量，時(shí)間，長(zhǎng)度等單位).

Ihaveamouth,anoseandtwoeyes.Iearned10dollarsanhour.(=everyhour).ataspeedofeightymilesanhour2)代表一類人或物,側(cè)重于類別中任何一個(gè)的特點(diǎn)．

Aknifeisatoolforcuttingwith.

3).當(dāng)?shù)谝淮翁岬侥橙嘶蚰澄铮也⒎翘刂笗r(shí)，用不定冠詞a或an起介紹作用．Sheisworkinginafactory.2021/5/944.用于人名前，表示“一位名叫…的人/…人的作品”或表示與某人有類似性質(zhì)的人或事物(acertain)

AMr.Smithcametovisityouwhenyouwentout.Thepaintingisexpectedtobeapicasso.HewishestobecomeaNewton.5．表示樂器,世界上獨(dú)一無二的事物的名詞前一般用定冠詞the,

但前面如果出現(xiàn)定語(yǔ)修飾，也可能用不定冠詞a,an。

Hestartshisdaybyplayingtheviolin.

Heisplayingaborrowedviolin.

theworld,apeacefulworld

表示一日三餐的名詞前面一般不用冠詞，但前面如果有了定語(yǔ)修飾，也可能用不定冠詞a,an。

Haveyouhadsupper?

Wehadawonderfulsupper.

2021/5/956.放在抽象名詞前，用來表示具體的一個(gè)人或一件事．a(chǎn)success/pleasure/failure/concernTherewasaheavyrainyesterday.7.在形容詞＼最高級(jí)前表示“非?！笔切枰欢ü谠~．UnitNineisamostdifficultunit,butitisn’tthemostdifficultunitinBookOne.8.表示thesame意思Theyareofanage(=ofthesameage).9.在序數(shù)詞前表示“又一，再一”Thisisthesecondtime(表排序)I’vebeenhere.Iwanttobehereathirdtime(不表排序).2021/5/96詞組或成語(yǔ)。onceinawhile/

forawhile/haveagiftfor/haveawordwith/haveaswim/keepadiary/agreatmany/manya/inashortwhile/allofasudden/atadistance/makeadifferencekeepaneyeon/dosbafavor/atadistance/onceuponatime/haveaknowledgeof/haveanunderstandingof/amatterof/haveapopulationof/acollectionof…

注意：weather,fun,space(宇宙uc.，場(chǎng)所，用地，區(qū)域c.),advice,word(news),progress,information,furniture,equipment,nature,man(人類),luggage/buggage永遠(yuǎn)不與不定冠詞連用2021/5/97不定冠詞位置

不定冠詞常位于名詞或名詞修飾語(yǔ)前。

what/such/half/quite/rather/many+a(n)+單數(shù)名詞Ihaveneverseensuchananimal.

Manyamanisfitforthejob.

Hewillbebackinhalfanhour.What

agoodday!

quite/rather

adifficultproblem

2.as,so,too,how,however+adj.+a(n)+單數(shù)名詞

ItisaspleasantadayasIhaveeverspent.

Soshortatime.

Toolongadistance.

Howevercleverastudentis,heshouldfollowtheteacher’sinstructionsnow.2021/5/98

3.在as，though

引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語(yǔ)從句中，當(dāng)表語(yǔ)為單數(shù)名詞時(shí)，并將其倒裝時(shí)，其前不用冠詞；否則用冠詞：

Braveman

though/asheis，hetremblesatthesightofsnakes.

Though/Althoughsheisayounggirl…

2021/5/991.Fiveyearsagoherbrotherwas_____universitystudentof_____physics.(1990上海).a;the

B.an;the

C.an;/

D.a;/2.－Haveyouseen______pen?Ileftitherethismorning.

－Isit______blackone?IthinkIsawitsomewhere.(1997全國(guó))

A.a;the

B.the;the

C.the;a

D.a;a3.—Whereismyblueshirt?—It'sinthewashingmachine.Youhavetowear______differentone.(2003春)

A.any

B.the

C.a

D.other4.TheWilsonslivein_____A-shapedhousenearthecoast.Itis_____17thcenturycottage.(2004浙江)

A.the,/

B.an,the

C./,the

D.an,a

5.Therewas_____time_____Ihatedtogotoschool.(2004湖北)

A.a,that

B.a,when

C.the,that

D.the,when

2021/5/9106.In______reviewof44studies,Americanresearchersfoundthatmenandwomenwhoatesixkeyfoodsdailycuttheriskof______heartdiseaseby76%.(2006湖南)

a;the

B.the;a

C.a;不填D.不填;a

7.Iearn10dollars______houras______supermarketcashieronSaturdays.(2003上海)

A.a;an

B.the;a

C.an;a

D.an;the

8.Foralongtimetheywalkedwithoutsaying_____word.Jimwasthefirsttobreak_____silence.(2004湖南)

A.the;a

B.a;the

C.a;不填

D.the;不填9.Mrs.Tailorhas_____8-year-olddaughterwhohas_____giftforpainting－shehaswontwonationalprizes.(2005浙江)

A.a,a

B.an,the

C.an,a

D.the,a10.Whenheleft_____college,hegotajobas_____reporterinanewspaperoffice.(2004天津)A.不填；a

B.不填；the

C.a;the

D.the;the

2021/5/911定冠詞的用法

某個(gè)或某些特定的人或東西。

1.特指雙方都明白的人或物：

Takethemedicine.Closethewindow,please.2.上文提到過的人或事：

Heboughtahouse.

I’vebeentothehouse.

3.指世上獨(dú)一物二的事物：

thesun，

thesky，themoon，

theearth

除nature,space,man

4.單數(shù)名詞連用表示一類人或事物，表示整個(gè)類別，區(qū)別與其他類別．用于在發(fā)明物的單數(shù)名詞前，既表示特指又表示類別．

thetigerisindangerofbecomingextinct.(atiger不能用)Bellinventedthetelephonein1976.2021/5/912

5.與形容詞或分詞連用，表示一類人或物：therich；thewounded；theunexpected(are)6.用在序數(shù)詞和形容詞最高級(jí)，及形容詞only，very，same,whole等前面：

Wheredoyoulive?Iliveonthesecondfloor.

That’stheverythingI’vebeenlookingfor.

7.與復(fù)數(shù)名詞或集體名詞連用，指整個(gè)群體：

Theyaretheteachersofthisschool.（指全體教師)

Theyareteachersofthisschool.

(指部分教師)

8.相當(dāng)于物主代詞，用在表示身體部位的名詞前,動(dòng)詞(hit,pat,strike,catch,seize,take)+sb.+prep.+the+身體某一部位Shecaughtmebythearm.

Somebodypattedhimontheshoulder。hithimonthehead/intheface2021/5/913

9.用在某些由普通名詞構(gòu)成的國(guó)家名稱、機(jī)關(guān)團(tuán)體、階級(jí)、黨派，方位，方向等專有名詞前：

thePeople’sRepublicofChina/theUnitedStates/theleft/thegreatwall/thesummerpalace/theWTO/the2008Olympicgames不含普通名詞的純專有名詞不用冠詞，如Beijing,NewYork.

10.用在表示西洋樂器的名詞之前，表課程不用theSheplaysthepiano.Herjobisteachingpiano.中國(guó)樂器不用冠詞

playErhu,playmusic11.用在姓氏的復(fù)數(shù)名詞之前，表示一家人：

theGreens格林一家人(或格林夫婦)

theChens姓陳一家2021/5/914

12.用在年代，朝代及逢十的復(fù)數(shù)名詞前，表示“…世紀(jì)的某個(gè)年代”．HebegantolearnRussianinthe1950s/1950’s.inone’s50s

theTangDynasytheSpringandAutumnPeriod13.用于江河，湖海，山川，海峽，運(yùn)河，海灣，群島,建筑物等的名詞前．theChangjiangRivertheRochyMountaintheTaiwanStraitsthePhilippinesTheWestLake2021/5/91514.用于比較級(jí)的句型中Themorewethinkofourlife,thehappierwefeel.

越…就越…Whichisthelargercountry,CanadaorAmerica?Lilyisthetallerofthetwogirls.

兩者中比較…16.在有些關(guān)于國(guó)家和民族的形容詞（以-sh,-ch,-ese結(jié)尾）前加上定冠詞，泛指這個(gè)國(guó)家和民族的全體人員．theChinesearehard-workingwhiletheFrenchareromantic17.表示計(jì)量單位的名詞前用the,如果表示單位的名詞為不可數(shù)名詞，不用冠詞(byweight/height)Irentedthehousebythemonth.Youcanhirethecarbythehour.Eggsaretoldbythedozen.2021/5/916用在慣用語(yǔ)中：

inthedark,

inthedistance,

onthewhole,bytheway,

theotherday,forthetimebeing暫時(shí)intheway

擋道m(xù)akethemostof;notintheleast(notatall);Ontheotherhand;bytheway;onthespot;Gotothedoctor’s;onthephone/radio2021/5/917定冠詞位置

定冠詞通常位于名詞或名詞修飾語(yǔ)前，但放在all，both，such,double，what,quite,half，twice，threetimes，exactly,just,等詞之后，名詞之前。

exactlythesamecoatjusttherightbookhalfthenovelallthepeopledoubletheamount2021/5/9181._____on-goingdivisionbetweenEnglish-speakingCanadiansandFrench-speakingCanadiansis_____majorconcernofthecountry.(2004北京)

A.The;不填

B.The;a

C.An;the

D.An;不填

2.On______newstoday,therewere______reportsofheavysnowinthatarea.(2004春)

A.the;the

B.the；不填

C.不填；不填

D.不填；the

3.Ifyougrowupin_____largefamily,youaremorelikelytodevelop_____abilitytogetonwellwith______others.(2005江西)

A./;an;the

B.a;the;/

C.the;an;the

D.a;the;the

4.Ifthemanagerhadtochoosebetweenthetwo,hewouldsayJohnwas____.(1995上海)

A.good

B.thebest

C.better

D.thebetter

5.Summerin_____southofFranceisfor______mostpartdryandsunny.(2000京春)

A./,a

B.the,/

C./,/

D.the,the

2021/5/9196.Westoodatthetopofthemountain_____eastofthecity,watching_____burningsunrising.

A.不填；a

B.the;a

C.the;the

D.不填；the

7.Aliceisfondofplaying______pianowhileHenryisinterestedinlisteningto______music.(1989全國(guó))

A.(不填);the

B.(不填);(不填)

C.the;(不填)

D.the;the

8.Itisnotrarein_____thatpeoplein____fiftiesaregoingtouniversityforfurthereducation.(1999上海)

A.90s;the

B.the90s;/

C.90s;their

D.the90s;their

9.Asarule,theworkersarepaid______.(2004上海春)

A.bythehour

B.byhour

C.byanhour

D.byhours

10.Abullethitthesoldierandhewaswoundedin____leg.(2001上海)

A.a

B.one

C.the

D.his

11.Itisbelievedthat_____youwork,_____resultyou'llget.(1993上海)

A.theharder;thebetter

B.themorehard;themostbetter

C.theharder;abetter

D.morehard;morebetter

2021/5/920零冠詞的用法

1．不含普通名詞的專有名詞，物質(zhì)名詞，抽象名詞，人名，地名等名詞錢前通常不用定冠詞：England，Mary，TiananmenSquare

2．泛指的復(fù)數(shù)名詞，表示一類人或事物時(shí)，可不用定冠詞；側(cè)重類別中的許多個(gè)體．Farmersarebusyinautumn.3．不可數(shù)名詞（抽象名詞,物質(zhì)名詞）表示一般概念時(shí)，通常不加冠詞；

Failureisthemotherofsuccess.

Man

cannotlivewithoutwater.askforadvice

PapermoneyisinuseinChina.2021/5/9214．在季節(jié)、月份、節(jié)日、假日、日期、星期等表示時(shí)間的名詞之前，不加冠詞；WegotoschoolfromMondaytoFriday.5．職務(wù)或頭銜的名詞（表語(yǔ)，同位語(yǔ)，賓補(bǔ)）

TheguardstooktheAmericantoGeneralLee.

Heispresidentofourcollege.Peopleelectedhimpresident.Tom,presidentofourcollege,isvisitingourclass.

Thepresidentisvisitingoutclass.

6．在三餐、球類,棋類，學(xué)科前，不加冠詞如：havebreakfast，playchess,playmusic,teachmaths

theEnglishlanguage;inthespringoftheyear2010

7．當(dāng)by

與火車等交通工具連用，表示一種方式時(shí)，中間無冠詞；bybus，bytrain；

byair,bysea

但如果名詞的前面出現(xiàn)了修飾語(yǔ)，前面需加冠詞a/an

inablackcar.

2021/5/9228.turn用作系動(dòng)詞時(shí)，后面作表語(yǔ)的單數(shù)名詞前不用冠詞。

Heturnedwritermanyyearslater.(=Hebecame

awritermanyyearslater.)

9．不用冠詞的序數(shù)詞；

a.序數(shù)詞前有物主代詞

hissecondbrother

b.序數(shù)詞作副詞

Hecame

firstintherace.

c.在固定詞組中atfirst,firstofall,fromfirsttolast

10.可數(shù)名詞前有物主代詞，指示代詞，名詞所有格等限制時(shí)，不加冠詞。稱呼前不加冠詞。

Einstein’stheory;nosuchthingWhatshallIdonext,Mother?2021/5/923

10.兩個(gè)形容詞都有冠詞，表示兩個(gè)不同東西。

Heraisesablackandawhitecat.

他養(yǎng)了一只黑貓和一只白貓。

Theblackandthewhitecatsarehers.

這只黑貓和白貓都是他的。

如后一個(gè)形容詞無冠詞，則指一物。

Heraisesablackandwhitecat.

他養(yǎng)了一只花貓。

11.在獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)的某一形式中．“單數(shù)名詞+介詞短語(yǔ)”中，名詞前不用冠詞。Theteachercamein,bookinhand.Thelittlegirlisveryhappy,floweronhead.Theoldmansatonthechair,pipeinmouth.2021/5/924attable/atthetablebysea/bytheseainhospital/inthehospitalonearth/ontheearthgotoschool/churchgototheschool/thechurchinfrontof/inthefrontofoutofquestion/outofthequestiontwoofus/thetwoofusgotosea/gototheseainfuture/inthefuture

進(jìn)餐／在桌子旁乘船／在海邊住院／在醫(yī)院里究竟／在地球上上學(xué)；做禮拜到學(xué)校，教堂去在．．．（外部的）前面在．．．（內(nèi)部的）前面毫無疑問，一定／不可能我們當(dāng)中的兩人／我們共二人當(dāng)水手／去海邊從今以后／未來2021/5/925固定短語(yǔ)：onsecondthought(s)重新考慮后;underrepaircometopower;onboardinuse/danger/peace/debtinplaceof;aheadoftimeatwaronboardhandinhandeveryfewdaysoutoforder/date/reach/work/breathcome/rankfirstatnoon/midnight/nightcatchfire/sightoffromdoortodoorfatherandson;husbandandwife;knifeandfork;sunandmoon2021/5/9261.Mr.Smith,there'samanat_____frontdoorwhosayshehas_____newsforyouofgreatimportance.(2001京春)

A.the,不填

B.the,the

C.不填,不填

D.不填,the

2.Idon’tliketalkingon______telephone;Ipreferwriting______letters.(2002春)

A.a;the

B.the;不填C.

the;the

D.a;不填

3.Itisoftensaidthat_____teachershave_____veryeasylife.(2005北京)

A.不填；不填

B不填；a

C.the;不填

D.the;a

4._____,hetalksalotabouthisfavoritesingersafterclass.(2005重慶)

A.Aquietstudentashemaybe

B.Quietstudentashemaybe

C.Beaquietstudentashemay

D.Quietashemaybeastudent

5.Whilehewasinvestigatingwaystoimprovethetelescope,Newtonmade______discoverywhichcompletelychanged______man’sunderstandingofcolor.(2004廣東)

A.a…不填

B.a…the

C.不填…the

D.the…a

2021/5/9276.Sheis_____newcomerto_____chemistrybutshehasalreadymadesomeimportantdiscoveries.(1994全國(guó))

A.the;the

B.the;不填

C.a;不填

D.a;the

7.Thecakesaredelicious.He'dliketohave_____thirdonebecause___secondoneisrathertoosmall.(2002上海春)

A.a;a

B.the;the

C.a;the

D.the;a

8.－WhereisJack?

－Ithinkheisstillin_____bed,buthemightjustbein_____bathroom.(1992全國(guó))

A.不填；不填

B.the；the

C.the;不填

D.不填；the

9.Whenyoucomehereforyourholidaynexttime,don’tgoto_____hotel;Icanfindyou_____bedinmyflat.(2004全國(guó))

A.the;a

B.the;不填

C.a;the

D.a;不填

10.Themostimportantthingaboutcottoninhistoryis_____partthatitplayedin_____IndustrialRevolution.(2004重慶)

A.不填；不填

B.the；不填

C.the;the

D.a;the

2021/5/92811.InHangzhouMrGreenwassostruckby_____beautyof_____naturethathestayedforanothernight.(1991上海)

A.