2021屆北京市延慶區(qū)高考一模英語(yǔ)試題（解析版）

2021屆北京市延慶區(qū)高考一模英語(yǔ)試題

本試卷共11頁(yè)，共100分?？荚嚂r(shí)長(zhǎng)90分鐘?？忌鷦?wù)必將答案寫在答題卡上，在試卷上作答

無(wú)效。

第一局部：知識(shí)運(yùn)用（共兩節(jié)，30分）

第一節(jié)完形填空（共10小題；每題分，共15分）

閱讀下面短文，掌握其大意，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最正確選項(xiàng)，并

在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。

“IGotHim!”

ItwasthehomecomingparadeinRockwall,Texas,andcheerleaderTyraWintersinheruniform,wasridingatop

oneoftheschooPsfloats（花車）.Asitslowlymadeitswaydownthestreet,the17-year-oldenthusiastically1

atthecrowd,allthewhilesoakinginthemusic,laughter,andapplause.

Allofasudden,ahorrible2came.Lookingdown,Winterssawatwo-year-oldonthesidewalkgasping

forair,hismother3forhelpinpanic.Theboyhadbeensuckingonapieceofcandywhenit4down

thebackofhismouth,lodginginhisthroatandblockinghiswindpipe.

“Therewasnocoughing；therewasno5"hismother,Nicolecried.Nooneseemedtoknowhowto

help.

ExceptforWinters.Withdreamsofbecomingasurgeon,shehadlearnedtheHeimlichmaneuver（海姆利克氏

急救法）.Knowingthateverysecond6.sheleapedoffthemovingfloatandrantothechild.

Bythetimeshegottotheboy,hisfacehadturnedpurple.t4Igothim!〃sheyelledtoNicoleasshe7theboy

fromher.Winterspositionedhimagainstherandgaveagoodthreebackslaps.

Soon,theboycoughedupthepieceof8、gasped,andbeganbreathingagain.Withoutanotherword,

Wintershandedtheboybacktohismotherandhurriedbacktoherfloatbeforeitcouldleaveherbehind.

Itallhappenedso9,Nicoleneverhadtimetothanktheteen.Winters9heroicactionsleftNicole

10."Idon'treallyhaveanywords,“shesaid,“'thankyou'doesn'tseemgoodenough.”

1.A.laughedB.wavedC.shoutedD.stared

2.A.noiseB.ringC.whistleD.scream

3.A.beggingB.applyingC.waitingD.preparing

4.A.ranB.slidC.fellD.jumped

5.A.gaspingB.cryingC.breathingD.speaking

6.A.fadedB.continuedC.approachedD.counted

7.A.grabbedB.movedC.drewD.separated

8.A.nutB.bloodC.candyD.biscuit

9.A.quicklyB.quietlyC.graduallyD.obviously

10.A.hopelessB.speechlessC.helplessD.emotionless

【答案】l.B2.D3.A4.B5.C6.D7.A8.C9.A10.B

【解析】

【分析】這是一篇記敘文，講述了一名17歲的啦啦隊(duì)隊(duì)長(zhǎng)在游行時(shí)從彩車上跳下來(lái)救助一名因糖果堵住氣

管的男孩的英勇故事。

【1題詳解】

考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：當(dāng)花車緩慢地經(jīng)過(guò)街道時(shí)，這位17歲的女孩熱情地朝人群揮手，當(dāng)時(shí)所有人都

沉浸在音樂(lè)、笑聲和掌聲里。A.laughed笑;B.waved揮手；C.shouted大叫；D.stared凝視。分析句子可

知這位17歲的啦啦隊(duì)隊(duì)長(zhǎng)cheerleader,"ridingatopofIheschoolsfloats坐在花車的頂上"，應(yīng)該是朝人群

揮手示意。應(yīng)選B。

【2題詳解】

考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：突然，傳來(lái)一陣可怕的尖叫聲。A.noise噪音；B.ring戒指；C.whistle哨子；

D.scream尖叫。后文"hismother…fbrhelpinpanic他的媽媽慌張地求救”可知嘈雜的人群中這位媽媽要求

救需要大聲呼喊，故有尖叫聲。應(yīng)選D。

【3題詳解】

考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：Winters看到人行道上一個(gè)兩歲男孩在盡力呼吸，他的媽媽驚慌地請(qǐng)求幫助。

A.begging乞求;B.applying應(yīng)用;C.waiting等待；D.preparing準(zhǔn)備。后文“apieceofcandy…lodgingin

histhroatandlockinghiswindpipe"”一塊糖果掉到他的喉嚨里，堵住了氣管"可知這個(gè)男孩難以呼吸,

故他的媽媽呼救。應(yīng)選A。

【4題詳解】

考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：這個(gè)男孩之前吸吮一塊糖果，當(dāng)時(shí)糖果從嘴巴后側(cè)滑落進(jìn)入喉嚨，堵住了氣管。

A.ran跑；B.slide滑；C.fell落下；D.jumped跳。分析句子可知吃糖果的時(shí)候，只有從嘴巴后側(cè)滑進(jìn)去，

才會(huì)到喉嚨。應(yīng)選B。

【5題詳解】

考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：“不咳嗽、也沒(méi)有呼吸，"他媽媽Nicole哭著說(shuō)道。A.grasping抓??；B.crying

哭泣；C.breathing呼吸；D.speaking說(shuō)。前文說(shuō)男孩子“graspingforair努力、盡力呼吸"可知堵住氣管

的他很難呼吸成功，幾乎不能呼吸。應(yīng)選C。

【6題詳解】

考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：知道每一秒鐘都十分重要，她跳下彩車，跑向那個(gè)孩子。A.faded消逝；B.continued

繼續(xù)；C.approached接近；D.counted重要、有價(jià)值。根據(jù)前文可知男孩呼吸困難，而"Wintershadlearned

theHeimlichmaneuver學(xué)過(guò)海姆利克氏急救法"，故她知道對(duì)于呼吸困難的急救而言，每一秒鐘都只舉足輕

重的。應(yīng)選D。

【7題詳解】

考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：“我來(lái)抓住他！〃當(dāng)她從Nicole那里奪過(guò)男孩時(shí)她朝Nicole大聲喊道。A.grabbed

奪取；B.moved移動(dòng)；C.drew拖、拉；D.separated分開(kāi)。分析前后文可知最初男孩的母親在照顧他，Winters

肯定是從媽媽Nicole那里把小孩搶奪過(guò)去，然后試圖搶救。應(yīng)選A。

【8題詳解】

考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：很快，那個(gè)男孩就咳出了那塊糖果，抓住，然后重新開(kāi)始呼吸。A.nut堅(jiān)果；

B.blood血液；C.candy糖果；D.biscuit餅干。由前文可知男孩是被糖果卡住氣管的，故咳出來(lái)也應(yīng)該是

糖果。應(yīng)選C。

【9題詳解】

考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：這一切如此的快，Nicole都沒(méi)來(lái)得及感謝這位少年。A.quickly快速地；B.quietly

安靜地；C.gradually逐漸地;D.obviously顯然地。由后文”neverhadtimetothanktheteen沒(méi)時(shí)間感謝這

位少年"可推斷出是救治速度很快，Winters救回男孩后就快速離開(kāi)了。應(yīng)選A。

【10題詳解】

考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：Winters的英勇壯舉使Nicole一時(shí)語(yǔ)塞，不知道說(shuō)啥。A.hopeless無(wú)希望的：

B.speechless一時(shí)語(yǔ)塞的；C.helpless無(wú)助的；D.emotionless沒(méi)有情感的。后文aIdon'treallyhaveanywords

我真沒(méi)什么可說(shuō)的"可知Nicole-?時(shí)語(yǔ)塞了。應(yīng)選B。

第二節(jié)語(yǔ)法填空(共10小題；每題分，共15分)

A

閱讀以下短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容填空。在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~，在給出提示詞的空白

處用括號(hào)內(nèi)所給詞的正確形式填空。

Didyoueverrunoffandforgetyourdrink?That's11happenedto11-yearoldFrankEppersonin1905.

He*dbeenmixingdrinkmixwithastick,and12(leave)thecupandstickoutontheporchallnight.Anditgot

cold.Inthemorning,Frankfounda13(freeze)blockofsweetdrink-withahandysticktoholdit.Hethought

thatwasprettycoolsohemademore.Soon,everyoneenjoyedhisicepops.AtfirstFrankcalledthemEpsicles,but

latertheygotadifferentname-popsicles.

【答案】11.what12.left13.frozen

【解析】

【分析】這是一篇記敘文。文章講述了冰棒的由來(lái)。1905年11歲的弗蘭克?埃珀森把用棍子攪拌飲料后把

它放在門廊上一整晚，然后飲料變成了冰棒，這種冰棒受到了大家的歡送。

【11題詳解】

考查表語(yǔ)從句。句意：1905年11歲的弗蘭克?埃珀森就是這樣。在表語(yǔ)從句中缺少主語(yǔ)，且是指事情，所

以應(yīng)用what引導(dǎo)。故填what。

【12題詳解】

考查一般過(guò)去時(shí)。句意：他一直在用棍子攪拌飲料，把杯子放在門廊上一整晚。根據(jù)“in1905”可知，此

處描述過(guò)去的事情，且發(fā)生在他一直在用棍子攪拌飲料之后，所以應(yīng)用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。故填left。

【13題詳解】

考查形容詞。句意：第二天早上，弗蘭克發(fā)現(xiàn)了一塊冰凍的甜飲料，里面有一根手杖。根據(jù)“Soon,everyone

enjoyedhisicepops."(很快，每個(gè)人都喜歡他的冰激凌。)可知，此處是指冰凍的甜飲料，應(yīng)用形容詞frozen

表示“冰凍的"修飾名詞block。故填frozen。

B

閱讀短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容填空。在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~，在給出提示詞的空白處用

括號(hào)內(nèi)所給詞的正確形式填空。

Theroboticlunarmissionended14(successful)earlyonDecember18th.Chang'e5'sreentrycapsule,

15(carry)rocksandsoilsfromthemoon,landedonthegrasslandinnorthernChina.Itisreportedthat

Chang'e5missionisChinaJsmostcomplicatedandchallengingspaceadventure,which16(make)China

thethirdnationintheworldtobringbacklunarsamples—rightaftertheU.S.andtheformerSovietUnion.The

mission'sresultswillcontributetodeepeningmankinds'understandingoftheoriginofthemoonand17

(develop)ofthesolarsystem.

【答案】14.successfully

15.carrying

16.hasmade

17.development

【解析】

【分析】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文，旨在介紹嫦娥5號(hào)航天任務(wù)。

【14題詳解】

考查副詞。句意：機(jī)器人登月任務(wù)早在12月18號(hào)就成功結(jié)束。分析句子可知successful"成功的”在句中

修飾動(dòng)詞ended"結(jié)束"，應(yīng)該用其副詞形式。故填successfully。

【15題詳解】

考查現(xiàn)在分詞。句意：嫦娥5號(hào)的返回艙，承載著從月球而來(lái)的石頭和土壤，在中國(guó)北部的草原著陸。分

析句意可知主語(yǔ)Chang，e5'sreentrycapsule“嫦娥5號(hào)的返回艙"與carry”攜帶"是主謂關(guān)系，但此句已有

謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞landed“著陸"，故carry用現(xiàn)在分詞表示主動(dòng)進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。故填carrying。

【16題詳解】

考查時(shí)態(tài)。句意：據(jù)報(bào)道，嫦娥5號(hào)的任務(wù)是中國(guó)航天之旅最復(fù)雜而具有挑戰(zhàn)性的，這也使得中國(guó)成為緊

接在美國(guó)和前蘇聯(lián)后的第三個(gè)帶回月球樣本的國(guó)家。分析句子可知，此空為非限定性定語(yǔ)從句的謂語(yǔ)局部。

且中國(guó)是過(guò)去到現(xiàn)在為止第三個(gè)帶回月球標(biāo)本的，故make“使得"用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。故填hasmade。

【17題詳解】

考查名詞。句意：此次任務(wù)的成果將有助于深化人類對(duì)月球起源和太陽(yáng)系開(kāi)展的理解。分析句子可知空格

處填develop”開(kāi)展"的名詞，表示太陽(yáng)系的開(kāi)展歷史，且與前文的名詞短語(yǔ)theoriginofthemoon”月球的

起源"形成并列結(jié)構(gòu)。故填development。

C

閱讀短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容填空。在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~，在給出提示詞的空白處用

括號(hào)內(nèi)所給詞的正確形式填空。

Pixarisoneoftheworld'smostfamousandsuccessfulfilm18(studio).Itslatestanimatedfilm,Soul,

19(release)lastNovember.SoultellsthestoryofJoeGardner,anaspiringjazzmusicianlivinginNew

York.Oneday,afteranaccident,GardnerendsupintheGreatBefore—aplace20soulsmust“findtheir

spark"beforeenteringahumanbody.WhenGardnerisgiventhejobofmentoringasoulcalled22,hetriestofind

hiswaybacktoEarth.

【答案】18.studios

19.wasreleased

20.where

【解析】

【分析】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要介紹了由世界上最著名的電影制片廠皮克斯最新出品的動(dòng)畫電影?心

靈奇旅?。

【18題詳解】

考查名詞的數(shù)。句意：皮克斯是世界上最著名和最成功的電影制片廠之一。oneof+the+形容詞最高級(jí)+復(fù)

數(shù)名詞。故填studios。

【19題詳解】

考查時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)。句意:它的最新動(dòng)畫電影?心靈奇旅?于去年11月上映。根據(jù)句中時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)lastNovember

可知，用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。主語(yǔ)Itslatestanimated61m,Soul與release之間為被動(dòng)關(guān)系，所以用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。故填

wasreleasedo

[20題詳解】

考查定語(yǔ)從句。句意：一天，在一場(chǎng)意外之后，加德納來(lái)到了“偉大的之前"------個(gè)靈魂在進(jìn)入人體之

前必須“找到他們的火花"的地方。句中先行詞為place,在定語(yǔ)從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)，所以用關(guān)系副詞where

引導(dǎo)。故填where。

第二局部：閱讀理解（共兩節(jié)，38分）

第一節(jié)（共14小題；每題2分，共28分）

閱讀以下短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最正確選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡上將

該項(xiàng)涂黑。

A

Thesimplestsmartphoneever

TheJitterbug@Smart2fromGreatCall@isthesimplestphonewithasimplemenu,largescreenandparticular

healthandsafetyservices.

EasyEverythingyouwanttodo,fromtextingandtakingpictures,toemailingandgettingdirections,is

organizedinasinglelistononescreenwithlargelegibleletters.Plus,voicetypingmakeswritingemailsandtexts

effortless.

SmartTurnyourJitterbugSmart2intoapersonalsafetydevicewithGreatCalPs55tar?UrgentResponse

Serviceandparticularhealthapps.

AffordableGreatCallhasavarietyofplanswithdatastartingaslowas$17.48permonth.Comparedtoothercell

phonecompanies,youcouldsaveover$300peryear.

WhytheJitterbugSmart!isyourbestchoiceforanewsmartphone:

100%U.S.-based

NoKeepyour

customerserviceNohiddenAffordable,

long-termcurrentphone

andtechnicalmonthlyfeesflexibleplans

contractsnumber

support

Toorderorlearnmore,callOrvisit

1-800-410-2629

25%offof$149.99MSRPisonlyvalid（有效的）fornewlinesofservice.Offervalid11/12/2020through1/2/20.

Monthlyfeesdonotincludegovernmenttaxesorassessmentsurchargesandaresubjecttochange.Plansandservices

mayrequirepurchaseofaGreatCalldeviceandaone-timesetupfeeof$35.$300savingscalculationbasedon

marketleaders'lowestavailablemonthlypublishedfees.JITTERBUGaretrademarksofBestBuyanditsattached

companies.?2021BestBuy.Allrightsreserved.

.Whatmakeswritingemailsandtextseasyaccordingtothepassage?

A.Thesimplemenu.B.Thelargescreen.

C.Thesinglelist.D.Thespeechinput.

22.WhencanyougetthediscountwhenbuyingJitterbugSmart2?

A.November11st,2021.B.January10th,2021.

C.January1st,20.D.February10l,\20.

23.Whatisthepurposeofthispassage?

A.Toadvertiseasmartphone.B.Torecommendhealthapps.

C.Tointroduceasafetydevice.D.Tocomparewirelessnetworks.

【答案】.D22.C23.A

【解析】

【分析】這是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章是一那么廣告，并且介紹了這款的幾個(gè)優(yōu)點(diǎn)，其中包括使用簡(jiǎn)便,

智能，廉價(jià)等。

【題詳解】

細(xì)節(jié)理解題。第二段最后一句提到"Plus,voicetypingmakeswritingemailsandtextseffortless."（此外，語(yǔ)

音打字讓寫郵件和短信變得毫不費(fèi)力）由此可知，語(yǔ)音輸入使得寫郵件和短信變得更簡(jiǎn)單，應(yīng)選D。

[22題詳解】

細(xì)節(jié)理解題。最后一段第一句提到“25%offof$149.99MSRPisonlyvalid（有效的）fornewlinesofservice.

Offervalid11/12/2020through1/2/20.”（建議零售價(jià)149.99美元的25%折扣只適用于新效勞線路。有效期

11/12/2021至1/2/20）再結(jié)合選項(xiàng)可知，可以在20年1月1日使用折扣購(gòu)置。應(yīng)選C。

【23題詳解】

推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章標(biāo)題“Thesimplestsmartphoneever"（史上最簡(jiǎn)單的智能）可知，本文介紹一款

智能，后文中又介紹了的優(yōu)點(diǎn)以及價(jià)格方面的折扣，由此判斷是為這款進(jìn)行廣告宣傳。應(yīng)選A。

【點(diǎn)睛】

B

MyfirstyearlivinginLosAngeles,Iwasabirthday-partyclown.1struggledalotwithmyidentitybecause,

thoughIviewedmyselfasafilmmaker,everyoneinmylifeviewedmeasthisridiculousdayjob.

OnceIwastold,“Tomorrowyou'regoingtobeBatman."Now,keepinmindthatatthetimeIhadagiant

mustache.Iknowaclownwithamustacheisahugeredflagforparents.ButIhadn'twantedtoaltermyphysical

appearanceforthatjob,becausethatwouldhavebeenmesubconsciouslyadmittingIwasmoreofaclownthanan

artist.

Thenextday,Iwenttothepartyinahugepublicpark,andIleftmycarparkedfarenoughawaysothatthekids

couldn'tseeBatmanpullingupinaPTCruiser.Walkingtotheparty,Istartedtoregretmychoicenottoshave."Gosh,

thispartyisnotgoingtogowell."Sureenough,onceIgotcloseenoughforthemtoactuallystartmakingoutthe

featuresofmyface,theentirepartybrokeoutinlaughter.IwassoembarrassedthatIwantedtoturnaroundandrun

backtomyBatmobile.Butthenthelaughterkindofchangedintocheeringandapplause.Feelingkindofwarmand

fuzzyinside,Iwondered,t4Isthiswhatencouragementandsupportfeellike?It'ssonew.”

ThenIdecidedtomakeanentranceforthesekids.Iwasstillabout20yardsawayfromthepartywhenIstarted

running.Mycapewasbillowinginthewind,andmustacheornot,inthatmoment,IwasBatman.Iranintotheparty,

andthekidswereallhigh-fivingme.Thedadwassaying,t4Itoldyou,son.ItoldyouBatmanhasamuslache."Then

hetookmeovertothishugebirthdaycakewithafrostingBatmandrawnonit,andtheBatmanhasamustache.Ijust

staredatitindisbeliefandlearntthatinsteadofjustadmittingthatthecakewasmessedup,theparentssaid,"Batman

hasamustache.Hejustshavesitforhismovies.”

Thatyear,Istruggledalotwithmyidentity;wasIafilmmaker,orwasIaclown?Butthatday,atleast,therewas

nodoubtinmymindwhatIwas.Imaynothavebeentheherothattheyordered,andIcertainlywasnottheherothey

expected.Butthatday,Iwastheherothattheyneeded.

24.Whydid"1〃keepmymustache?

A.Istruggledalotforbeingafilmmaker.

B.IwantedtobeaBatmaninabirthdayparty.

C.Iknewthataclownshouldwearamustache.

D.Ihadn'twantedtochangemyappearanceforthejob.

25.Howdid"1〃entertheparty?

AIranfast.B.Ihigh-fived.

C.Idrovethecar.D.Iwalkedslowly.

26.Howdid"I'feelattheendoftheparty?

ASatisfied.B.Astonished.

C.Disappointed.D.Ashamed.

【答案】24.D25.A26.A

【解析】

【詳解】本文是一篇記敘文。作者是一名在生日聚會(huì)上表演的小丑。有一次，作者需要扮演成蝙蝠俠，他

卻決定以不刮胡子的形象示眾。

1細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“Iknowaclownwithamustacheisahugeredflagfbrparents.ButIhadn'twantedto

altermyphysicalappearanceforthatjob,becausethatwouldhavebeenmesubconsciouslyadmittingIwasmore

ofaclownthananarlist.（我知道有胡子的小丑對(duì)于父母來(lái)說(shuō)是一種鼓舞。但我不想為了扮演蝙蝠俠而改變我

的外形，因?yàn)槟菍?duì)我來(lái)說(shuō)就是成認(rèn)與其說(shuō)我是藝術(shù)家，倒不如說(shuō)是我是小丑）〃可知，作者保存了胡子，因

為他不想為了這份工作而改變自己的外貌。應(yīng)選D。

2細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段中的“Iranintotheparty,andthekidswereallhigh-fivingme.（我跑進(jìn)派對(duì)，孩子們

都跟我擊掌）〃可知，作者跑著進(jìn)入派對(duì)。應(yīng)選A。

3推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段最后一句"Butthatday,Iwastheherothattheyneeded.（但是那天，我是他們需

要的英雄）〃可推知，作者對(duì)自己的表現(xiàn)是滿意的。A.Aatisfied.滿意的；B.Astonished.吃驚的；C.Disappointed.

失望的；D.ashamed.可恥的。應(yīng)選A。

C

Whilemanypeoplearen'tgettingenoughcalcium,newresearchcautionsthatsomepeoplemayhavethe

oppositeproblem:Theycouldbegettingtoomuch.Americansspendmorethan

$1billionayearoncalciumsupplementsinhopesofdelayingosteoporosis,thebrittlebonediseasethatcripples

manyelderlywomenandsomemen.Yetrecentstudieslinkcalciumsupplementstoahigherriskofheartattacks.

Lastmonth,theU.S.PreventiveServicesTaskForceissuedadraftrecommendationagainsttakingcalciumand

vitaminD,sayingtherewasn'tenoughevidenceofbenefittojustifytherisk.

ForgenerationsofAmericanswhogrewupencouragedtodrinkmilktomaintainstrongbones,thereportsraised

troublingquestions:Iscalciumnotsoimportantafterall?Arethesupplementsunsafe?Andhowmuchistoomuch?

“It'sgottenveryconfusingbutitdoesn'tneedtobe,〃saysEthelSiris,directoroftheToniStabileOsteoporosisCenter

inNewYork.Howmuchcalciumpeopleneedvariesbyageandgender."Adultsgenerallyneed1,000mgdaily,rising

to1,200mgfbrwomenover50andmenover70,accordingtoguidelinesissuedin2021.Childrenneed1,300mg

dailyduringthepeakgrowingyearsof9to18.〃

PeoplealsoneedsufficientlevelsofvitaminDtoabsorbthecalcium.TheIOMrecommends600international

unitsadayformostadults,and800dailyafterage70,althoughmanyphysiciansrecommendmore.Itisdifficultto

takeinthatmuchvitaminDfromfoodsources,soexpertssaymanypeopleshouldtakevitaminDinsupplement

form.

Gettingadequatecalciumfromfoodiseasier.Forexample,8ouncesofmilkor6ouncesofyogurthas300mgof

calcium,andonecupofspinachhas270mg.

Butstudieslinkingcalciumsupplementstoheartattackhavemadeexpertsmorecautiousofexcesscalciumthan

before.Astudyof24,000GermanspublishedinthejournalHeartlastmonth,foundthatthosewhogottheircalcium

exclusivelyfromsupplementsweremorethantwiceaslikelytohaveaheartattackasthosewhotookno

supplements.

Exactlyhowcalciumsupplementsmightcontributetoheartattacksbafflescardiologists."Nobodyhas

associatedthecalciuminyourbloodstreamwithcalcificationinyourarteries,“saysNiecaGoldberg,medical

directoroftheJoanH.TischCenter.Still,shesaysshenowurgespatientsgettheirrecommendedcalciumfromfood

thanfromsupplementstoavoidpossibleproblems.

Osteoporosisexpertsalsourgepatientsnottotakemorethantherecommendedamountofcalcium."People

shoulddefinitelystoptakingtwobigcalciumsupplementsaday,“saysDr.Dawson-Hughes.Eveniftherisks

remainunclear,takingmorethanthebodycanabsorbdoesn*tbenefitbones,"soit'snotworthanyrisk."Sheadds.

27.Accordingtothenewstudies,takingmuchcalciummight.

A.delayagingB.buildmuscles

C.causeheartproblemsD.curebonediseases

28.WhatisEthelSiris'opinionontakingcalciumsupplements?

A.Takingcalciumsupplementsisunsafe.

B.Adultsneedmorecalciumthanchildren.

C.Ageandgenderdeterminetakingcalcium.

D.Itismuchsafertotakecalciumfromfood.

29.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“baffle"inParagraph6mean?

A.InterestB.Puzzle

C.AmazeD.Frighten

30.Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?

A.Itishelpfultotaketwocalciumsupplementsaday.

B.Itisimportanttomaintainstrongbonesforwomen.

C.Itisunnecessarytotaketoomuchcalciumsupplement.

D.ItisbesttotakecalciumandvitaminDfromsupplement.

【答案】27.C28.C29.B30.C

【解析】

【分析】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。作者介紹如今大多數(shù)人喜歡從補(bǔ)充物上過(guò)多的攝取鈣以為對(duì)身體有好處。實(shí)際

上相關(guān)研究證明沒(méi)有好處，反而可能有害處。

【27題詳解】

細(xì)節(jié)理解題。第一段倒數(shù)第二句"Yetrecentstudieslinkcalciumsupplementstoahigherriskofheartattacks."

（最近的研究說(shuō)明額外補(bǔ)鈣與較高的心臟病風(fēng)險(xiǎn)有聯(lián)系。）即攝入過(guò)多的鈣可能會(huì)導(dǎo)致心臟病。應(yīng)選C。

【28題詳解】

細(xì)節(jié)理解題。第二段第四至五行“Howmuchcalciumpeopleneedvariesbyageandgender.”（人們所需鈣的

攝入量因年齡和性別不同而有所不同。）可知，EthelSiris認(rèn)為性別和年齡是決定每個(gè)人所需鈣的攝入量的

決定因素。應(yīng)選C。

【29題詳解】

詞句猜想題。第六段二三句“"Nobodyhasassociatedthecalciuminyourbloodstreamwithcalcificationinyour

arteries,“saysNiecaGoldberg,medicaldirectoroftheJoanH.TischCenter.Still,shesaysshenowurges

patientsgettheirrecommendedcalciumfromfoodthanfromsupplementstoavoidpossibleproblems.”（JoanH.

Tisch中心的主任醫(yī)師NiecaGoldberg認(rèn)為雖然還沒(méi)有人將血液中的鈣和人體動(dòng)脈的鈣化聯(lián)系在一起，她還

是勸她的病人從食物中攝取鈣，而不是從補(bǔ)充物上攝取，以防可能出現(xiàn)的問(wèn)題。）也就是說(shuō)她雖然不確定血

液中鈣的含量對(duì)心血管疾病有害，但也不敢下定論說(shuō)完全沒(méi)有害，故可推斷對(duì)于這個(gè)問(wèn)題像她這樣的心臟

病專家也是迷惑的?？赏茰y(cè)baffle意思與puzzle相似，意為“使迷惑〃。應(yīng)選B。

【30題詳解】

推理判斷題。最后一段倒數(shù)第二句"Eveniftherisksremainunclear,takingmorethanthebodycanabsorb

doesn-tbenefitbones^（雖然風(fēng)險(xiǎn)還不確定，攝取比身體能夠吸收的量還要多的鈣對(duì)骨頭沒(méi)什么益處。）故攝

入過(guò)量即使沒(méi)有危害，也是沒(méi)什么必要的。應(yīng)選C。

【點(diǎn)睛】

D

Neurotech一new,potentiallyrevolutionarytechnology-promisestotransformourlives.Withalltheglobal

challengesoftoday,weneedrevolutionarytechnologytohelptheworldcope.

Therearedifferenttypesofneurotech—someisinvasive,someisn't.Invasivebrain-computerinterfacesinvolve

placingmicroelectrodesorotherkindsofneurotechmaterialsdirectlyontothebrainorevenembeddingthemintothe

neuraltissue.Suchtechnologyhasalreadyimprovedthequalityoflifeandabilitiesofpeoplewithdifferentillnesses

orimpairments,fromepilepsytoParkinson'sDiseasetochronicpain.Thereisalsononinvasiveneurotechthatcanbe

usedforsimilarapplications.Forexample,researchershavedevelopedwearablestoinferaperson'sintendedspeech

ormovement.Thesearealreadyquiteimpressive,butthereisalsoneurotechthatreallypushestheenvelope.Notonly

canitsenseorreadneurodatabutitcanalsomodulate——invasivelyandnoninvasively.Thisresearchisstillinearly

stages,butit'sadvancingrapidly.

Asneurotechbecomesmorecommonplace,wemustconsidertherisksitmightpresent,themoralsaroundit,

andthenecessaryregulation.Wehavetoanticipateanddealwiththeimplicationsrelatedtothedevelopmentanduse

ofthistechnology.Anyneurotechapplicationsshouldconsiderpotentialconsequencesfortheautonomy,privacy,

responsibility,consent,integrityanddignityofaperson.

Whatifsomeoneweretofaceemploymentdiscriminationbecausethealgorithms（算法）thatpowera

neurotechapplicationusedforhiringmisinterprethisorherneurodata?Whatifacriminalgetsaholdoftheprevious

orcurrentneurodataofthesecretaryofdefenseandstealstopsecretinformation?Concernsincreasewhenwearenot

justmonitoringsomeone'sneurodatabutalsointerpretingit,decodingtheperson'sthoughts—withimplicationsfor

accuracyandmentalprivacy.

Onetrickyaspectisthatmostoftheneurodatageneratedbythenervoussystemsisunconscious.Itmeansitis

verypossibletounknowinglyorunintentionallyprovideneurotechwithinformationthatoneotherwisewouldn't.So,

insomeapplicationsofneurotech,thepresumptionofprivacywithinone'sownmindmaysimplynolongerbea

certainty.

Asnew,emergingtechnology,neurotechchallengescorporations,researchersandindividualstoreaffirmour

commitmenttoresponsibleinnovation,it'sessentialtoenforceguardrailssothattheyleadtobeneficiallong-term

outcomes-oncompany,nationalandinternationallevels.Weneedtoensurethatresearchersandmanufacturersof

neurotechaswellaspolicymakersandconsumersapproachitresponsibly.Let'sactnowtoavoidanyfuturerisksas

neurotechmatures——forthebenefitofhumanity.

31.Thefirsttwoparagraphsmainly.

A.statethequalityofneurotechB.stressthenecessityofneurotech

C.comparethefunctionsofneurotechD.presentthetechnologyofneurotech

32.Whatcanbeinferredfromthepassage?

A.Noninvasiveneurotechismuchbetterthaninvasiveone.

B.Messageswithinone'smindcanbesaferwithneurotech.

C.Itbringsmoreriskstoprivacytohaveneurodataanyalyzed.

D.Properruleshavealreadybeenmadetodealwithneurodata.

33.Accordingtothepassage,companies,policymakersandconsumersshould.

A.interpretallneurodatatoimproveaccuracy

B.useneurotechnologyinaresponsibleway

C.helpdevelopmorenoninvasiveapplications

Davoidneurotechforthebenefitofmankind

34.Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?

A.NeurotechHasLong-termBenefits

B.NeurotechMeetMoralChallenges

C.NeurotechTransformHumanlives

D.NeurotechBecomeCommonplace

【答案】31.D32.C33.B34.B

【解析】

【分析】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章介紹了神經(jīng)技術(shù)的定義和它面臨的道德挑戰(zhàn)。

【31題詳解】

主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段"Neurotech—new,potentiallyrevolutionarytechnology—promisestotransformour

lives.（神經(jīng)科技-----項(xiàng)潛在革命性的新技術(shù)一一承諾改變我們的生活。:I"以及第二段“Therearedifferent

typesofneurotech—someisinvasive,someisn't.〔有不同類型的神經(jīng)科技---有些是侵入性的，有些不是。）”

可知，前兩段主要介紹了神經(jīng)技術(shù)。應(yīng)選D。

【32題詳解】

推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段“Anyneurotechapplicationsshouldconsiderpotentialconsequencesfortheautonomy,

privacy,responsibility,consent,integrityanddignityofaperson.（任何神經(jīng)技術(shù)應(yīng)用都應(yīng)該考慮對(duì)個(gè)人的自主

性、隱私、責(zé)任、同意、正直和尊嚴(yán)的潛在后果J”可知，對(duì)神經(jīng)數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行分析會(huì)給隱私帶來(lái)更多風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。

應(yīng)選C。

【33題詳解】

細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段"Weneedtoensurethatresearchersandmanufacturersofneurotechaswellas

policymakersandconsumersapproachitresponsibly.（我們需要確保神經(jīng)科技的研究人員和制造商，以及政策

制定者和消費(fèi)者負(fù)責(zé)任地對(duì)待它。）"可知，公司、政策制定者和消費(fèi)者應(yīng)該以負(fù)責(zé)任的方式使用神經(jīng)技術(shù)。

應(yīng)選B。

【34題詳解】

主旨大意題。根據(jù)第三段“Asneurotechbecomesmorecommonplace,wemustconsidertherisksitmightpresent,

themoralsaroundit,andthenecessaryregulation.（隨著神經(jīng)科技變得越來(lái)越普遍，我們必須考慮它可能帶來(lái)

的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)、圍繞它的道德以及必要的監(jiān)管"以及下文都在講述神經(jīng)科技保證消費(fèi)者的精神隱私的問(wèn)題，可

知，本文主要介紹的是神經(jīng)科技面臨道德挑戰(zhàn)的主題。應(yīng)選B。

第二節(jié)（共5小題；每題2分，共10分）

根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的七個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最正確選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多

余選項(xiàng)。

Canyoumove