人教版英語(yǔ)必修四新素養(yǎng)講義Unit2Workingtheland4SectionⅣGrammarWord版含答案

SectionⅣGrammar動(dòng)詞-ing形式作主語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ)1．(教材P10)Sincethen,finding(find)waystogrowmorericehasbeenhislifegoal.2．(教材P10)Asayoungman,hesawthegreatneedforincreasing(increase)thericeoutput.3．(教材P10)YuanLongpingsearchedforawaytoincreasericeharvestswithoutexpanding(expand)theareaofthefields.4．(教材P10)Heenjoyslistening(listen)toviolinmusic,playing(play)mah-jong,swimming(swim)andreading(read)．5．(教材P10)Heawokefromhisdreamwiththehopeofproducing(produce)akindofricethatcouldfeedmorepeople.6．Itisnousearguing(argue)withhimaboutsuchamatter.概念：動(dòng)詞-ing形式是動(dòng)詞的一種非謂語(yǔ)形式，包括現(xiàn)在分詞和動(dòng)名詞兩種。動(dòng)詞-ing形式的時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)：語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)態(tài)主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)一般式doingbeingdone完成式havingdonehavingbeendone動(dòng)詞-ing形式在句中的語(yǔ)法作用：動(dòng)名詞在句中作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)和定語(yǔ)，現(xiàn)在分詞在句中作狀語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)和定語(yǔ)。動(dòng)詞-ing形式作主語(yǔ)1．動(dòng)詞-ing形式作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，往往表示經(jīng)常性、習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作，通常置于句首?！鬝ayingisonething,anddoingisanother.說(shuō)是一回事，而做是另一回事。◆Readingaloudisagoodwaytolearnalanguage.大聲朗讀是學(xué)習(xí)語(yǔ)言的一種好方法。(1)不定式作主語(yǔ)表示具體的或一次性的動(dòng)作?！鬞olietoheriswrong.對(duì)她撒謊不對(duì)。(2)動(dòng)名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。◆Climbingmountainsisreallydifficultfortheold.對(duì)于老人來(lái)說(shuō)爬山確實(shí)困難。【即時(shí)演練1】——單句語(yǔ)法填空①(2019·天津卷)Learning(learn)tothinkcritically(批判性地)isanimportantskilltoday’schildrenwillneedforthefuture.②Attending(attend)thepartylastnightmadeAliceveryexcited.③Mary’sbeing(be)lateforclassthismorningmadetheteacherangry.2．形式主語(yǔ)it代替動(dòng)詞-ing形式作主語(yǔ)。此類(lèi)句式常見(jiàn)的有：Itisawasteoftimedoing... 做……是浪費(fèi)時(shí)間的。Itisnogood/usedoing... 做……是沒(méi)用的。Itisworthwhiledoing... 做……是值得的。Itisuselessdoing... 做……沒(méi)有用。Itisnofundoing... 做……沒(méi)有樂(lè)趣?！鬒tisnogood/useregrettingforthepast.悔恨過(guò)去是沒(méi)用的?！鬒tisawasteoftimearguingwithhimaboutthematter.同他爭(zhēng)辯這件事真是浪費(fèi)時(shí)間?！炯磿r(shí)演練2】——單句語(yǔ)法填空①I(mǎi)tisawasteoftimetrying(try)topersuadehimtogiveupplayingputergames.②Itisworthwhilereading(read)suchawonderfulnovel.③It’snouseplaining(plain)withouttakingaction.動(dòng)詞-ing形式作賓語(yǔ)1．作動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ)常接動(dòng)詞-ing形式作賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞可用下面的口訣幫助記憶：避免錯(cuò)過(guò)少延期(avoid,miss,postpone)建議完成多練習(xí)(advise/suggest,finish,practise)喜歡想象禁不住(enjoy,imagine,can’thelp)承認(rèn)否定與嫉妒(admit,deny,envy)逃避冒險(xiǎn)莫原諒(escape,risk,excuse)忍受保持不介意(stand,keep,mind)◆Wouldyoumindopeningthewindow?你介意打開(kāi)窗子嗎？◆Idon’tlikewatchingtelevisionbutIenjoylisteningtotheradio.我不喜歡看電視，但是喜歡聽(tīng)收音機(jī)?！鬑etriedtoavoidansweringmyquestions.他試圖對(duì)我的問(wèn)題避而不答。2．作動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)的賓語(yǔ)常見(jiàn)的跟動(dòng)詞-ing形式作賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)有：insiston,objectto,begoodat,befondof,leadto,putoff,giveup,lookforwardto,feellike,devoteto,get/beusedto,payattentionto,beworth等。◆Heinsistedondoingitinhisownway.他堅(jiān)持要按照自己的方法做。【即時(shí)演練3】——單句語(yǔ)法填空/完成句子①I(mǎi)willbecarefultoavoidmaking(make)thesamemistakesinmystudy.②Whilegoingshopping,peoplesometimescan’thelpbeing__persuaded(persuade)intobuyingsomethingtheydon’tneed.③Theboywasluckytoescapebeing__punished(punish)．④Wedon’tallowdiving(dive)inthepool.⑤這對(duì)于正在試圖戒煙的人來(lái)說(shuō)很有用。Itisveryusefulforsomeonewhoistryingtogive__up__smoking．⑥我從未夢(mèng)想過(guò)要參觀那個(gè)地方。Ihaveneverdreamed__of__visiting__that__place．3．在有些動(dòng)詞的后面，如start,begin,continue等，既可接動(dòng)名詞也可接不定式作賓語(yǔ)，兩者意義區(qū)別不大?！鬞heycontinuedworking/toworkasifnothinghadhappened.他們繼續(xù)工作，好像什么也沒(méi)發(fā)生過(guò)。4．在love,hate,prefer,like等動(dòng)詞后接動(dòng)詞-ing形式作賓語(yǔ)指經(jīng)常性的動(dòng)作，用不定式作賓語(yǔ)指具體的動(dòng)作?！鬑epreferredstayingathomewhenitrained.下雨時(shí)他寧愿待在家里。(用動(dòng)詞-ing形式作賓語(yǔ)，指每逢天下雨都待在家里。)◆Iprefertostayathomethisafternoon.今天下午我寧愿留在家里。(用動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語(yǔ)，表示“今天下午留在家里”這一具體的動(dòng)作。)【即時(shí)演練4】——單句語(yǔ)法填空Helikesswimmingbuthedoesn’tliketo__swimthisafternoon.(swim)5．有些動(dòng)詞(短語(yǔ))后跟不定式和動(dòng)詞-ing形式作賓語(yǔ)均可，但含義不同。常見(jiàn)的有：動(dòng)詞賓語(yǔ)的形式意義forgettodo忘記做……doing忘記做過(guò)……remembertodo記著要去做……doing記得做過(guò)……regrettodo遺憾/抱歉要做……doing后悔做了……trytodo盡力做……doing嘗試做……meantodo打算做……doing意味著……goontodo接著做(另外一件事)doing接著做(同一件事)stoptodo停下來(lái)去做某事doing停止做某事◆Pleaseremembertogivemybestregardstoyourfamily.請(qǐng)記著代我向你的家人問(wèn)好?！鬒stillremembervisitingthemuseumforthefirsttime.我仍記得第一次參觀博物館的情景?！炯磿r(shí)演練5】——單句語(yǔ)法填空①I(mǎi)meanto__change(change)itforanotherone.②(安徽卷)Irememberedto__lock(lock)thedoorbeforeIlefttheoffice,butforgotto__turn(turn)offthelights.③Iregretto__tell(tell)youthatmysisterregretsmaking(make)youherdate.Youarenotthekindofpersonshewants.6．下列動(dòng)詞可接動(dòng)詞-ing形式的主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義，相當(dāng)于不定式的被動(dòng)形式。need/want/require/deservedoing＝need/want/require/deservetobedone◆Thebikeneedsrepairing/toberepaired.這輛自行車(chē)需要修一下?！炯磿r(shí)演練6】——一句多譯①這個(gè)問(wèn)題值得討論?！鶷he__question__deserves__discussing.→The__question__deserves__to__be__discussed.②這個(gè)窗戶(hù)需要清掃了?！鶷he__window__needs/requires/wants__cleaning.→The__window__needs/requires/wants__to__be__cleaned.動(dòng)詞-ing形式的否定形式動(dòng)詞-ing形式的否定形式通常是在其前加not，帶有邏輯主語(yǔ)時(shí)not應(yīng)放在邏輯主語(yǔ)和動(dòng)詞-ing形式之間?！鬥ouhavenoexcusefornotgoing.你沒(méi)有理由不去?！鬑ewaspunishedfornothavingfinishedhishomework.他因未完成作業(yè)而受到懲罰?！炯磿r(shí)演練7】——完成句子①Excusemeformy__not__ing__on__time(我沒(méi)能按時(shí)來(lái))．②I’msorryfornot__having__kept__my__promise(沒(méi)有遵守我的承諾)．動(dòng)詞-ing形式的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)動(dòng)詞-ing形式的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)實(shí)際上是給動(dòng)詞-ing形式加了一個(gè)邏輯主語(yǔ)。動(dòng)詞-ing形式的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)有四種形式：(1)形容詞性物主代詞＋動(dòng)詞-ing(2)名詞’s＋動(dòng)詞-ing(3)代詞賓格＋動(dòng)詞-ing(4)名詞＋動(dòng)詞-ing◆Heringtohelpencouragedallofus.她來(lái)幫忙鼓舞了我們所有人?！鬞hebabywasmadeawakebythedoorsuddenlyshutting.這個(gè)嬰兒被突然的關(guān)門(mén)聲吵醒了?！鬋anyouimaginehim/Jackcookingathome?你能想象他/杰克在家做飯的樣子嗎？(1)動(dòng)詞-ing形式的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)可在句中作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)。作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，不能用(3)(4)兩種形式。(2)無(wú)生命名詞無(wú)論是作主語(yǔ)還是作賓語(yǔ)都不能用第(2)種形式。◆Tom’swinningthefirstprizelastyearimpressedmealot.湯姆去年得了一等獎(jiǎng)使我印象深刻?！鬌oyoumindmy/me/Jack’s/Jackleavingnow?你介意我/杰克現(xiàn)在離開(kāi)嗎？【即時(shí)演練8】——用動(dòng)詞-ing形式的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)完成句子①他父親病了，使他很擔(dān)心。His__father’s__being__illmadehimworried.②你正確未必就意味著我錯(cuò)了。Your__being__rightdoesn’tnecessarilymeanmybeingwrong.③我們盼望著周杰倫來(lái)給我們舉辦一場(chǎng)演唱會(huì)。WearelookingforwardtoJay__Chou’s/Jay__Chou__ingtogiveusavocalconcert.eq\a\vs4\al(Ⅰ)單句語(yǔ)法填空1．Danaadmittedfeeling(feel)hurtbywhatIhadsaid.2．Theteacherwasquiteangryforyourbeing(be)latethismorning.3．Igaveuptrying(try)topersuadehimtocontinuewithhisstudies.4．Joansuggestedasking(ask)herfatherforhisopiniononthematter.5．Whenthebosscamein,everyonestoppedtalking(talk)andlookedathim.6．Iwanttoavoidspeaking(speak)tohimuntilI’vegotmoredetails.7．Sheimaginedherselfsitting(sit)inherfavouritearmchairbackhome.8．Knowing(know)basicfirst-aidtechniqueswillhelpyourespondquicklytoemergencies.9．Hearing(hear)howothersreacttothebookyouhavejustreadcreatesanaddedpleasure.10．Lauradislikesbeing(be)withchildrensoshedoesn’tplantobeaprimaryschoolteacher.eq\a\vs4\al(Ⅱ)對(duì)比填空1．(1)Irememberseeing(see)herbefore,butIcan’trememberwhenitwas.(2)Youmustrememberto__tell(tell)Jacksonthenewstonight.2．(1)Don’tforgetto__turn(turn)offallthelightswhenyouleavetheclassroom.(2)Iwillneverforgetfinding(find)thatrarecoininmygardenlastyear.3．(1)Ididn’tmeanto__visit(visit)himyesterdayafternoon.(2)Givingupyourplanmeanslosing(lose)alargeamountofmoney.4．(1)Sorry,Ican’thelp(to)__paint(paint)thewallthisweekend.(2)Allthekidscouldn’thelplaughing(laugh)atthejoke.5．(1)Thelittleboystoppedcrying(cry)whenhesawthenewtoycarandbegantoplaywithithappily.(2)Shefeltthirsty,soshestoppedto__get(get)adrinkofwater.eq\a\vs4\al(Ⅲ)單句改錯(cuò)1．Mr.Zhangdevoteshimselftohelpthosepoorchildrencontinuewiththeireducation.help→helping2．LittleAlicelookedforwardtostaywithhergrandparentsinthecountrysideinsummer.stay→staying3．Ithinkitisnopleasurewatchthefootballmatchathomealone.watch→watching4．InChineseculture,pointatotherswithafingerisconsideredtobeimpolite.point→pointing5．Everytimeshethoughtofthepastdays,shecouldn’thelpsmile.smile→smilingeq\a\vs4\al(Ⅳ)語(yǔ)法與寫(xiě)作1．擁有朋友意味著你有談話的人，所以你不會(huì)感到孤獨(dú)和沮喪。Having__friends__means__that__you__can__have__someone__to__talk__tosothatyoudon’tfeellonelyanddepressed.2．很多人都建議制定更多的規(guī)則以保護(hù)動(dòng)物權(quán)益。Manypeoplehavesuggestedsetting__up__more__rulestoprotectanimalrights.3．在海邊度假很有趣。It’sfunspending__the__holidayatthebeach.4．我們正忙著為即將到來(lái)的考試做準(zhǔn)備。Wearebusypreparing__for__the__ing__exam．5．那兩個(gè)違反校規(guī)的學(xué)生很幸運(yùn)沒(méi)有受到懲罰。Thetwostudentswhohadbrokentheschoolruleswereluckyenoughtoescape__being__punished．eq\a\vs4\al(Ⅰ)單句語(yǔ)法填空1．Talking(talk)withyourkidhearttoheartisveryimportant.2．Swimming(swim)isnotonlygoodexercisebutalsoaveryusefulskill.3．Itisnopleasurestaying(stay)athomedoinghomeworkallday.4．Myfathersuggestedreading(read)morebooksinmysparetime.5．Toavoidbeing__seen(see)bytheteacher,Tonystoleintotheclassroombythebackdoor.6．Thegirlstoppedrunning(run)andpickedupawalletfromtheground.7．Mr.Leedevotedmanyyearstoimproving(improve)thesystem.8．Someofthechildrenareshyandtheyhavesomedifficultyinmaking(make)friends.9．To__get(get)theposition,shedevotedherselftomanagingtopletemountainsofextrawork.10．ThecoupleweregladtohavetheopportunitytovisitMontrealanddidn’tregrettaking(take)thetrip.11．Theemployeewhohadahighfeverfinallyagreedto__ask(ask)permissionforahalfday’sleavetohaveagoodrest.12．Istillrememberbeing__invited(invite)todinnerinKitty’shousewhenIwasonlyfiveyearsold.eq\a\vs4\al(Ⅱ)閱讀理解Theoldestdesert(沙漠)intheworldisinNamibia(acountryinAfrica).ThedesertiscalledtheNamibDesert.Thisdesertisbelievedtobenearly40millionyearsold!Itistrulyanancientdesert.TheNamibDeserthassomeoftheworld’sbiggestsanddunes(沙丘).Thedunestowerhighintothesky.Onedune,called“BigDaddy”，isalmost1，200feet(365meters)high!Thismeans“BigDaddy”isbiggerthana100-storybuilding!Peoplecanclimb“BigDaddy”.Onemanclimbedtothedune’screst,ortop.Nearthecrest,themanhadtoclimbonallfours!Hehadtousehishandstopreventhimselffromslidingdown.TheNamibDesert’sancientdunesvaryincolor.Whensomethingvaries,itchangesandbeesdifferent.TheNamibDesertdunesvaryfromorangetored.Duringtheday,thesurfacetemperatureofthesanddunesheatsup.Thesurfacetemperaturecanheatupto54℃.Whatdoesonelizard(蜥蜴)dotokeepitsfeetcool?Itstandsononlytwofeetatatime!Itjumpsfrompairtopair!Thisallowsthefeetintheairtocooloff.Whenthisisn’tenough,thelizarddivesintothesand.Itdigsdowntowherethesandiscooler.Littlewaterfallsonthedunes.Oftenthereislessthanhalfaninch(1.3centimeters)ofrainayear.Whatdoesoneduneplantdoforwater?Itusesthemorningfog(霧)!ThefogesfromtheAtlanticOceannearby.Itrollsacrossthedunes.Theplant’sleavesarefilledwithemptyspaces.Theemptyspacestakeindroplets(小水珠)ofthewater.Theplantcansurviveyearswithoutrainbytakinginthefogdroplets.【解題導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章介紹了世界上最古老的沙漠——納米布沙漠。1．WhatistheNamibDesertmostfamousfor?A．Itsoldage. B．Itsbigsize.C．Itslocation. D．Itsanimals.A解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由第一段中的oldest和ancient可知，納米布沙漠是世界上最古老的沙漠，因此它以其年代久遠(yuǎn)聞名于世。2．Whydoestheauthormentionthemanclimber?A．Toshowitisfuntoclimbdunes.B．Toshowthepopularityof“BigDaddy”．C．Toshow“BigDaddy”isthehighestdune.D．Toshowthedifficultyofclimbing“BigDaddy”．D解析：推理判斷題。由第二段中的themanhadtoclimbonallfours!Hehadtousehishandstopreventhimselffromslidingdown可知，攀爬“大老爹”沙丘還是具有挑戰(zhàn)性的。3．HowdoesalizardintheNamibDesertdealwiththeheat?A．Ittouchesthesandwithaslittleofitsbodyaspossible.B．Itkeepsjumpingfromonecoolplacetoanother.C．Itjumpsashighaspossibleintotheair.D．Itstaysinsidethesandthewholeday.A解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由第四段中的Itstandsononlytwofeetatatime!Itjumpsfrompairtopair!Thisallowsthefeetintheairtocooloff.可知，蜥蜴一次只有兩只腳著地，這樣輪換著來(lái)讓腳涼快點(diǎn)。4．Whatcanwelearnfromthelastparagraph?A．Theduneplantlivesontherain.B．ItrainsoftenintheNamibDesert.C．TheNamibDesertisacoastaldesert.D．Plantscanseldombeseenonmostdunes.C解析：推理判斷題。由最后一段中的ThefogesfromtheAtlanticOceannearby.可知，納米布沙漠是一個(gè)海濱沙漠。eq\a\vs4\al(Ⅲ)完形填空Peopleareoftenencouragedtomakefriendswiththeirenemy(敵人),butthehighschoolstudentXavierStaubsdidmorethanthat.He__1__theother’slife.Ataswimminggame,the15-year-oldboyrescueda__2__underwater.Itwasaregularswimminggame.Xavierwas__3__becausehehadpracticedforalongtime.Asexpected,he__4__hispartwitheaseinthe200-meterrelay(接力比賽).Whenhewasresting,heheardsomepeople__5__anxiously.Xavierturnedbackandnoticedthataboyintheneighboringlane(泳道)was__6__.Seeingthis,havingno__7__toconsidermore,Xavierdivedbackintothepoolimmediatelyand__8__theboyouttothesafetyzone.__9__，theboyhadnothingseriousandstartedbreathingonhisown.Xavier’s__10__gottheattentionofRepresentativeJohnMoolenaar.HewantedtorewardXavierwithrecognition(表彰)thatwouldbekeptonrecordintheLibraryofCongress.AtlunchtimeonTuesday,Xavier__11__Moolenaarwasingtomeethim.“We’veheardthestory.Ithinkwereallyshould__12__whathedid，”MoolenaartoldCNN.“Weoftenhearabouttragediesand__13__situations，”Moolenaarsaid,“butthiswassuchapowerful__14__ofonestudenthelpinganother__15__thetwoboyswerepetitors.”However,Xavier’smother,JillianStaubs,saidshewasnot__16__.Jilliansaidshehadbeentryingto__17__herchildrenlikewhatherparentsdid.Herparentsalwaystoldherandhersistersnottobeepeoplewhojust__18__themselves.AndXavierperformedsucha__19__act,whichactuallywassomethingshewasusedtohearingabout.Xavierisnotonlyagreat__20__butalsoadancer,bandmemberandastraight-Astudent.Andnow,ahero.【解題導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇記敘文。文章講述了一位高中生挽救了一名同時(shí)參加游泳比賽而溺水的對(duì)手的故事。1．A.wasted B．recordedC．saved D．startedC解析：根據(jù)the15-year-oldboyrescued...及后文的內(nèi)容可知，Xavier挽救(saved)了溺水的對(duì)手的生命。2．A.partner B．strangerC．volunteer D．petitorD解析：根據(jù)文章第一句話及后文的內(nèi)容可知，本文講的是對(duì)手之間的故事，Xavier救的人是跟他一起參加游泳比賽的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)者(petitor)。3．A.afraid B．confidentC．stubborn D．determinedB解析：根據(jù)后文的becausehehadpracticedforalongtime及withease可知，Xavier練習(xí)了很久，所以很有信心(confident)。4．A.forgot B．missedC．organized D．pletedD解析：根據(jù)后文的Whenhewasresting...可知，Xavier完成了(pleted)200米接力賽中他負(fù)責(zé)的那一部分。5．A.shouting B．fightingC．begging D．plainingA解析：根據(jù)anxiously及后文的內(nèi)容可知，有人溺水了，Xavier應(yīng)該是聽(tīng)到人們著急大喊(shouting)。6．A.rushing B．waitingC．practicing D．strugglingD解析：根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知，那個(gè)學(xué)生溺水了，應(yīng)該是在水里掙扎(struggling)。7．A.energy B．timeC．power D．freedomB解析：根據(jù)Xavierdivedbackintothepoolimmediately...可知，情況危急，Xavier沒(méi)有時(shí)間(time)思考，立即跳下水去救人。8．A.drove B．threwC．pulled D．pressedC解析：根據(jù)theboyouttothesafetyzone可知，Xavier應(yīng)該是把溺水者從泳池拖(pulled)到安全區(qū)域。9．A.Naturally B．HonestlyC．Seriously D．FortunatelyD解析：根據(jù)theboyhadnothingseriousandstartedbreathingonhisown可知，慶幸的是(Fortunately)，溺水者沒(méi)有大礙，還能自己呼吸。10．A.action B．discoveryC．experience D．a(chǎn)chievementA解析：根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知，Xavier的行為(action)受到了Moolenaar的關(guān)注。11．A.noticed B．learnedC．realized D．a(chǎn)dmittedB解析：根據(jù)Moolenaarwasingtomeethim可知，Xavier得知(learned)Moolenaar要來(lái)見(jiàn)他。12．A.judge B．thankC．praise D．discussC解析：根據(jù)上文的HewantedtorewardXavierwithrecognition(表彰)thatwouldbekeptonrecordintheLibraryofCongress.可知，Moolenaar認(rèn)為應(yīng)該表?yè)P(yáng)(praise)Xavier的行為。13．A.unknown B．unsuitableC．unpleasant D．unavoidableC解析：根據(jù)Weoftenhearabouttragedies...可知，我們經(jīng)常聽(tīng)到的都是悲劇，都是令人不快的(unpleasant)情況。14．A.example B．traditionC．a(chǎn)ccident D．a(chǎn)rgumentA解析：根據(jù)onestudenthelpinganother...可知，與我們經(jīng)常聽(tīng)到的悲劇故事不同，這是一個(gè)強(qiáng)有力的幫助他人的例子(example)。15．A.asif B．incaseC．nowthat D．even