華東師范大學外語學院《357英語翻譯基礎》專業(yè)碩士歷年考研真題及詳解

目錄

2010年華東師范大學357英語翻譯基礎

真題及詳解

2011年華東師范大學357英語翻譯基礎

真題及詳解

2012年華東師范大學357英語翻譯基礎

真題及詳解

2013年華東師范大學357英語翻譯基礎

真題及詳解

2014年華東師范大學357英語翻譯基礎

真題及詳解

2015年華東師范大學357英語翻譯基礎

真題及詳解

2016年華東師范大學357英語翻譯基礎

真題（回憶版）（含答案）

2017年華東師范大學357英語翻譯基礎

真題（回憶版）（含答案）

2010年華東師范大學357英語翻譯基礎真題及詳解

一、將下列短語譯成漢語（15分）

1．GATT

【答案】關稅及貿(mào)易總協(xié)定（GeneralAgreementonTariffsandTrade)

2．CEO

【答案】首席執(zhí)行官

3．ASEAN

【答案】東南亞國家聯(lián)盟

4．EMS(ExpressMailSpecial)

【答案】郵政特快專遞

5．forcemajeure

【答案】不可抗力

6．baggageliabilitylimitations

【答案】行李賠償責任限額

7．customsclearancehouse

【答案】清關到戶

8)zerotarifftreatment

【答案】零關稅協(xié)定

9．notarypublicoffice

【答案】公證處

10．telegraphictransfer

【答案】電匯

11)registeredcapital

【答案】注冊資本

12．Ethernet

【答案】以太網(wǎng)

13．charter

【答案】憲章；章節(jié)

14．propertyinsurancecontract

【答案】財產(chǎn)保險合同

15．subcontractor

【答案】承包商

二、將下列短語譯成英語（15分）

1．董事會

【答案】boardofdirectors

2．招商引資

【答案】attract/inviteinvestments

3．中國科學院

【答案】ChineseAcademyofSciences

4．第三產(chǎn)業(yè)

【答案】tertiaryindustry

5．深加工

【答案】furtherprocessing

6．無公害蔬菜

【答案】pollution-freevegetable

7．《財富》全球論壇

【答案】theFORTUNEGlobalForum

8．知識產(chǎn)權

【答案】intellectualproperty

9．“長三角”二小時經(jīng)濟圈

【答案】thetwo-hourEconomicCircleoftheYangtzeRiverDelta

10．社會消費品零售總額

【答案】socialretailgoods

11．上海證券交易所

【答案】SSE(ShanghaiStockExchange)

12．市政協(xié)

【答案】People'sPoliticalConsultativeCommitteeofacity

13．國家發(fā)改委

【答案】NDRC(NationalDevelopmentandReformCommission)

14．國資委

【答案】SASAC(State-ownedAssetsSupervisionandAdministration

Commission)

15．信用證

【答案】letterofcredit

三、將下列短文譯成漢語（60分）

PASSAGE1

Digitalcomputersareusedinmanywaystosupportengineersindesign

work.Thebroadclassoftechnologyassociatedwithsuchuseisdenoted

hereinasComputerAidedDesign(CAD).WhileearlyCADwasprimarily

directedtowardprocedures,improvedanalysisrecentdevelopmenthave

extendedCADtoincludesuchfunctionsasinteractivecomputations,

automationofdesigndecisions,tutorialassistancetodesigners,graphical

displayofresults,andmanagementofinformation.Whilethese

developmentshavebeenprincipallydisjointed,effortsarebeinginitiatedto

integratesuchfunctionsintocomprehensiveCADsystemsuchastheplanned

NASAIPADsystem.ThedefinitionanddevelopmentofintegratedCAD

systems,togetherwiththecontinuedevolutionofcomputerhardware,has

indicatedareasforimprovementincomputersciencetechnologywhichneed

tobeaddressedtomaximizethebenefitofintegratedCADsystemsandto

facilitatetheirlong-termviability.

【參考譯文】

數(shù)字計算機從多方面幫助工程師進行設計工作，與這種用途有關的是一

個廣泛的技術領域——此處我們稱之為計算機輔助設計(CAD)。雖然早

期的CAD主要用于改善分析過程，然而它最近的進展已使的CAD功用

擴大到交互運算、設計決策自動化、給設計師指導性輔助、把設計的成

果用圖象顯示出來，以及信息處理等項目了。盡管到目前為止這種功能

從總體上尚未連成一氣，然而人們正在努力使這些功能結(jié)合成CAD綜合

系統(tǒng)，例如已經(jīng)擬訂的美國國家航空和航天管理局宇宙飛行器設計程序

綜合系統(tǒng)(NASAIPAD)便是。CAD綜合系統(tǒng)的確定和發(fā)展，連同計算機

硬件的不斷改進，已經(jīng)指明了計算機科學技術的一些方面還要改進，方

能使CAD綜合系統(tǒng)的效益達到最佳，并促使其具有較長使用壽命。

PASSAGE2

Chinahasusedmanydifferentformsoftrademarkformanyhundredsof

years.Infact,bricksontheGreatWallwerestampedwiththeproducers’

markssothatemperorscanbeassuredofthequalityandaccountability.In

mostcountries,anymeansofintellectualpropertyrightscanbesold,licensed

orinherited.Unfortunately,almosteverywhere,itcanalsobestolen.Today,

intellectualpropertypiracyandcounterfeitingarerobbingandendangering

Chineseartists,innovators,businessesandconsumers.Intellectualproperty

protectionisnotaluxuryfortherich.Itiswhatinspirestechnological

advances,protectsusformdangerousproductsandcreatesculturaland

economicwealtharoundtheworldforcountriesatalllevelsofdevelopment.

Eachyear,nearly7%ofworldtradeisinpiratedandcounterfeitproducts.

Someofthesecounterfeitproductscaninjureandevenkillpeople.Fake

automobilebrakes,airplaneparts,infantmilkformulaandmedicinearesold

byunscrupulousmanufacturesanddealerswhoprofitfromconsumers’lack

ofawarenessandfailuretounderstandtheimportanceofbuyinglegitimate

products.Manyofthesecriminalsarenotjustlocalstreetvenders,butalso

organizedcriminalgroups.Someoftheseproductscanalsodestroyanentire

industry.Forexample,HongKong’slegendaryfilmstudioshavetakena

beatingaspiratescontinuetostealtheirmoviesandsellfakeDVDs.The

studiosareleftwithlittleincometoinvestinnewfilmsandactors.Themusic

industryisalsoaffected.IllegaldownloadingfromtheInternetand

counterfeitCDsarestealingthemusicandthelivelihoodsofthesetalented

artistsandpreventingnewartistsfromemerging.

【參考譯文】

中國使用過形形色色的商標，已經(jīng)有幾百年的商標歷史了。事實上，長

城的磚頭上面就烙刻了生產(chǎn)者的標志，以便皇帝對產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量更放心。在

大部分國家，任何種類的知識產(chǎn)權都可以出售、注冊或者繼承。不幸的

是，在幾乎每個地方，知識產(chǎn)權會遭到盜竊。今天，知識產(chǎn)權的盜版和

偽造正在掠奪和危及中國的藝術家、創(chuàng)意者、企業(yè)以及消費者。保護知

識產(chǎn)權不是富人的奢侈，而是鼓勵創(chuàng)新的動力，可以讓人免于遭到危險

產(chǎn)品的傷害，創(chuàng)造文化和經(jīng)濟財富，使得全球不同發(fā)展水平的國家受

益。每年，世界上7%的貿(mào)易都是盜版和冒牌產(chǎn)品。有一些假冒品會傷

及人類，甚至致人于死地。假冒的汽車剎車、飛機零件、嬰兒奶粉和藥

品都有一些毫無良知的制造商和代理商在銷售。他們得益于人們的保護

意識不強，沒能認識到買正品的重要性。這些罪犯中的很多人不僅僅是

街上的小販，而是有組織的犯罪團伙。有些假冒產(chǎn)品甚至會毀掉整個行

業(yè)。舉例來說，香港傳奇式的電影工業(yè)遭到了盜版的打擊，因為盜版

DVD不斷猖獗。電影公司沒有什么收入來投資新的影片和演員。音樂產(chǎn)

業(yè)也收到了波及，從網(wǎng)上的非法下載以及盜版CD盜竊了音樂人的勞動

成果，讓他們無以為繼，毀掉了才華橫溢的藝術家的生活，也制止了新

人的出現(xiàn)。

四、將下列短文譯成英語（60分）

從1984年我國體育代表團在洛杉磯奧運會上首次實現(xiàn)金牌零的突破，到

本屆雅典奧運會我國體育代表團躍居金牌榜第二位，我國競技體育年年

都有進步，屆屆都有提高。到本屆奧運會結(jié)束為止，我國體育健兒在夏

季奧運會上，共奪取112枚金牌，這是一個了不起的成績。人們高興地

看到，一代又一代的體育健兒，肩負著祖國和人民的希望，胸懷壯志，

頑強拼搏，以非凡的勇氣和驕人的戰(zhàn)績不斷攀登世界體育高峰，充分證

明了中華民族具有自立于世界民族之林的能力。各族人民衷心希望中國

體育健兒繼續(xù)發(fā)揚勝不驕、敗不餒的精神，總結(jié)經(jīng)驗，增強斗志，再接

再厲，不斷提高自身素質(zhì)和競技水平，促進我國體育運動的全面均衡發(fā)

展，為促進奧林匹克事業(yè)的發(fā)展，為實現(xiàn)中華民族的偉大復興作出新的

更大貢獻。

【參考譯文】

FromtheChinesesportsdelegationgotthefirstgoldmedalonLosAngeles

OlympicGamesin1984,totheAthensOlympicGamesourChinesesports

delegationrankstosecondplaceonthemedaltable,competitivesportslevel

ofourcountryhasimprovedeveryyear.TotheendoftheOlympicGames,

ChineseathletesinthesummerOlympicGameshaveachievedatotalof112

goldmedals,whichisagreatachievement.Wearepleasedtoseethat

generationsofathletesshoulderthemotherland’sandpeople’shopesand

climbthesportspeakwithambitions,remarkablecourageandimpressive

records,bothofwhichfullyprovesthattheChinahastheabilitytostayalone

amongtheworld.Thepeopleofallethnicgroupssincerelyhopethatour

athletescancontinuetocarryonthespiritof“Don'tbeproudwhenyouwin;

don'tbedownheartedwhenyoufail.”Theyhadbettersumupexperience,

enhancemorale,makepersistentefforts,andconstantlyimprovetheir

qualitiesandcompetitivelevelstopromotetheoverallbalanceofChinese

sportsdevelopment,topromotetheOlympicdevelopmentandtomake

greatercontributiontothegreatrejuvenationoftheChinesenation.

2011年華東師范大學357英語翻譯基礎真題及詳解

I.PhraseTranslation

1．OEM

【答案】原始設備制造商(OriginalEquipmentManufacturer)

2．FTP

【答案】文件傳輸協(xié)議(filetransferprotocol)

3．ShippingOrder

【答案】裝貨單；訂艙單

4．ETA

【答案】預計到達時間(estimatedtimeofarrival)

5．Consignee

【答案】收件人；受托人

6CPI

【答案】消費物價指數(shù)(Consumerpriceindex)

7．DPI

【答案】每英寸點數(shù)(dotsperinch);分辨率

8．EMF

【答案】歐洲貨幣基金(EuropeanMonetaryFund)

9．ExchangeRateMechanism

【答案】匯率機制

10．FinancialYear

【答案】財政年度

11．ICB

【答案】國際競爭性招標(internationalcompetitivebidding)

12．OPEC

【答案】石油輸出國組織(OrganizationofPetroleumExportingCountries)

13．APEC

【答案】亞太經(jīng)濟合作組織(Asia-PacificEconomicCooperation)

14．CAAC

【答案】中國民用航空局(CivilAviationAdministrationOfChina)

15．AID

【答案】國際開發(fā)總署(AgencyforInternationalDevelopment)

16．宏觀調(diào)控

【答案】macro-control

17．信訪辦

【答案】Complaintsoffice

18．做好就業(yè)、社保等方面的工作

【答案】delivergoodresultsintermsofemployment,socialsecurity,etc.

19．促進流通業(yè)發(fā)展

【答案】PromotingtheDevelopmentoftheCirculationIndustry

20．事業(yè)單位

【答案】publicinstitution

21．提高出生人口質(zhì)量

【答案】improvethehealthofnewborns;advancethepopulationquality

22．創(chuàng)新型國家

【答案】innovation-orientedcountry

23．優(yōu)化經(jīng)濟結(jié)構(gòu)

【答案】optimizetheeconomicstructure

24．建設社會主義新農(nóng)村

【答案】buildinganewsocialistcountryside

25．農(nóng)業(yè)政策的穩(wěn)定性

【答案】Thestabilityofagriculturalpolicy

26．全面建設小康社會

【答案】buildamoderatelyprosperoussocietyinallaspects

27．基層民主

【答案】democracyatthegrassrootslevel;grass-rootsdemocracy

28．糧食安全

【答案】foodsecurity

29．社會事業(yè)

【答案】socialundertaking

30．農(nóng)民工

【答案】migrantworkers

II.EnglishtoChinesetranslation

Thisbookis,inessence,ausersguidetoacademiclife,conceivedforthose

consideringtakingupacareerinthetraditionalacademicdisciplinesseniors

incollege,perhaps,orothersthinkingaboutgoingintograduateschoolas

wellasthosewhohavealreadystartedoutalongthatpath,whichistosay,

menandwomenworkingonaPh.Dandthosealreadywithappointmentsas

assistantprofessorsatcollegeorauniversity.Someofourremarksmayalso

beofinteresttoothersaswell:seniorprofessorswhoareinterestedinother

perspectivesontheacademicscene,confusedandbewhereparentsofjunior

academics,professionaladvisors,spousesofgraduatestudentsandjunior

faculty,andlaymeninterestedinlearningaboutthemysteriesofacademic.

ForeignstudentswhoarethinkingaboutacquiringanAmericangraduate

schooleducationwillcertainlyprofitfromreadingthisbook.

Ourbackgroundsareinthehumanitiesandthesocialsciences,andourviews

naturallyreflectourownexperiences,observations,andwhatwehave

learnedinthecourseofourcareers.Webelievethereissufficientoverlap

amongthevariousacademicdisciplinestomakevalidgeneralizations

possible.Asteachers,wehaveoftenbeenaskedtoofferadviceoverandover

again.We’vewrittenthisbookinresponsetowhatwefeltwasarealneedfor

information.Wechosetheformatofanextendedconversation,muchlike

conversationsthatwehaveactuallyhadonmanyoccasionswiththosewho

havesoughtusouttodiscusstheiraspirations,hopes,fears,andproblems.

Thequestion-and-answerformatemphasizesthatwearespeakinginthis

bookmuchaswewouldduringourofficehoursorovercoffeeinthe

departmentallounge.Althoughthequestionsinboldfaceareour

constructions,forthemostparttheyarequestionswe’veoftenheardorcan

imagineourreadersmightwanttoaskiftheycould.

——PrefacetoTheChicagoGuidetoYourAcademicCareer

【參考譯文】

本書是一部學術人生的導航，為那些想在傳統(tǒng)學術領域里擁有一席之地

的人所作一一比如大學四年級學生，或是考慮進入研究生院深造的人；

當然也為幫助那些在學術之路上已有開端的人們，例如正在攻讀的博

士生和即將履新的大學助理教授。我們的某些觀點或許對其他人也有所

幫助：對看待學術界的不同視角感興趣的資深教授、不太了解學術生涯

為何物的青年學者的父母、職業(yè)生涯規(guī)劃導師、研究生和青年教師的配

偶，以及意欲探究學術圈奧秘的局外人。當然，對于想獲得美國研究生

學位的外國學生，本書一定也不會讓他們失望。

我們學習的都是人文科學和社會科學，我們的觀點很自然地就反應了我

們的經(jīng)歷、觀察能力還有我們在學業(yè)課程中學到的知識。我們相信在繁

多的學術原則中會有很多重合之處，使得學術一般化變成可能。作為老

師，學生們經(jīng)常一遍又一遍地向我們咨詢。我們寫這本書就是為了說明

我們的建議（對于學生而言）確實是必要的。我們選擇了一種交談的延

伸模式，就像是很多人找我們聊他們的抱負、希望、恐懼和麻煩一樣的

談話模式。本書中的問答模式和我們平時在辦公室或者休息室中強調(diào)的

一樣多。雖然我們的布局是把問題用粗體字標出來，但這些問題也是我

們經(jīng)常聽到或者是讀者想問的。

——《芝加哥學術生涯規(guī)劃》

III.Writeasummaryofthefollowingstoryin150-200Chinesecharacter.

(20points)

Beijing’sFocusonFoodPricesIgnoresBroaderInflationRisk

ByKEITHBRADSHER

HONGKONG—ChinatookstepsWednesdaytocontrolrisingpricesatthe

mostbasicconsumerlevel.ButBeijingfacesaseverechallengeinpreventing

higherglobalcommoditypricesfromignitingbroaderinflationthatcould

threatenChina’sstreakofpowerfuleconomicgrowth.

Withpricesrisingthisautumnformanycommoditieslikesugarandcotton,

thecountry’scabinetannouncedonWednesdayeveningthatitwouldimpose

pricecontrolsonfood,introducesubsidiesfortheneedyandincreasethe

availabilityoffuelsupplies.

Sofar,theinflationinconsumergoodsinChinahasbeenlargelyconfinedto

foodandenergy,andgovernmentpolicymakerswanttokeepitthatway.But

avoidingmoregeneralinflationcouldprovedifficult.

Andintermsofeconomicdiplomacy,themeasuresannouncedWednesday

werealmostpreciselytheoppositeofthestepstheObamaadministrationand

manyWesterneconomistshavebeenurgingBeijingtotake.

China’sbroadlymeasuredmoneysupplyhassurgedinthelasttwoyears,

soaring54percentasitscentralbankhassupportedtheexporteconomyby

interveningincurrencymarketstokeeptherenminbiartificiallylow.

ConsiderablecashisalsosloshingaroundtheChineseeconomybecauseof

twoyearsofextremelyheavylendingbystate-ownedbankstofinancea

highlysuccessfuleconomicstimulusprogramthathasreturnedthecountryto

double-digitgrowth.

ButChina’sleadersarenowclearlyworriedabouttheinflationaryside

effectsofthosefinancialpolicies.Thepremier,WenJiabao,hastoured

southernChinaoverthelastweekandwasshownonnationaltelevisionlate

Tuesdaynightexpressingconcernaboutrisingfoodpricesandpromisingthat

thegovernmentwouldtakeaction.

ZhouXiaochuan,thegovernorofthecentralbank,hadsaidearlieron

Tuesdaythattheamountofmoneyracingthroughtheglobaleconomywas

puttingpressureonemergingeconomiesthatwanttocontrolinflation.And

YaoJian,acommerceministryspokesman,saidatapressconferenceon

Tuesdaythatthegovernmentwouldtightenscrutinyofforeigninvestmentso

astopreventtoomuchmoneyfrompouringintoChinaasforeigninvestors

seekhigherreturnsthanarecurrentlyavailableintheWest.

ImposingpricecontrolsandotheradministrativecontrolsontheChinese

economyrunscountertothestepsrecommendedbymanyWesternexperts.

TheyhavesuggestedthatChinashouldfurtherderegulateitseconomy,letthe

renminbiappreciateandotherwiserelyonmarketforcestotameinflation.

ThestandardpolicyprescriptionfromWashingtonhasbeenthatChina

shouldraiseinterestrates,asawaytoslowinvestmentandpreventthe

economyfromoverheating.AndAmericanpolicymakersfromPresident

ObamadownhavearguedthatifChinawouldlettherenminbiriseagainst

thedollar,oilandothercommoditieswouldbelessexpensiveinChina,

helpingtotameinflation.ButBeijinghasresisted,inlargepartbecause

Washington’sprescribedmedicinewouldreducethepricecompetitivenessof

ChineseexportstotheUnitedStatesandelsewhere.

Still,evenasChinaisziggingwhenWashingtonwouldratheritzag,some

corporateeconomistsarecautiouslyoptimisticthatChinamaybeableto

tameinflationwithitsapproach—fornow,atleast.

“Giventhatfoodpricesarespearheadingimmediateinflationarypressures,

supply-sidemeasuresshouldbemoreeffectivethanratehikes,”QuHongbin,

theco-headofAsianeconomicsresearchattheinternationalbankHSBC,

wroteinaresearchnoteonWednesdaynight.“There’snoneedtopanic,as

Beijinghasmorethanenougheffectivepolicyoptionstocombatinflation.”

Andyet,whiletheremaybelimitstoChina’sabilitytokeepalidon

inflation,itisbetterpreparedthanmanycountriestocopewithrisingworld

commodityprices.ThatisbecauseChinaisself-sufficientinmostfoods,has

anenormoustradesurplusandhasaccumulatedcopiousforeignreservesthat

reached$2.65trillionattheendofSeptember.

Incontrast,theUnitedNationsFoodandAgricultureOrganizationwarnedon

Wednesdaythatfoodimportbillswereup10percentthisyearfortheworld’s

poorestcountries.

ButmanyeconomistsweresurprisedbytheacceleratedinflationinChina

thattheNationalBureauofStatisticsdisclosedinBeijinglastweek.Overall

consumerpriceswere4.4percenthigherlastmonththanayearearlier.

Chineseleadershaverepeatedlymadeclearovertheyearsthatfighting

inflationisatoppriority,becauseitcouldfuelsocialunrest.Andtheyhave

publiclysetatargetofnotallowingtheannualincreaseinconsumerpricesto

reach5percentagain.Itpeakedat8.5percentinthespringof2008.

Iffoodandenergypricesareremovedfromtheconsumerpriceindex,the

pricesforeverythingelseareuponly1.3percentfromayearearlier,

accordingtothegovernment.Butthatisnotnecessarilyareassuringmeasure,

someeconomistssuggest.

ChineseandWesterneconomistsworrythattheChinesepriceindexmay

underestimateinflationseparatefromfoodandenergy.TheChineseindex

haslongstandingmethodologicalproblems—likemeasuringapartmentrents

butnotthecostofbuyingandlivinginanapartment,whichhassoaredin

recentyears.

Whileclimbingfoodandenergypricesareaglobalproblem,theyparticularly

affectlower-incomecountrieslikeChina,wheresuchnecessitiesclaimafar

largershareofhouseholdincomesthaninmoreaffluentnations.China’s

consumerpriceindex,whichisbasedmainlyonurbanspendingpatterns,

assumesthatgroceriesrepresentathirdofafamily’sspending.

ThatisextremelyhighbyWesternstandards.AnditshowshowfarChina

muststillgotocreatethekindofbroad-basedconsumersocietythat

AmericanofficialsrecommendandthatChineseleaderssaytheywantto

adoptinthelongterminplaceoftheircurrentexport-ledmodel.Inthe

UnitedStates,groceriesrepresentonly8percentoftheConsumerPrice

Index.

TheStateCouncil,China’scabinetofministers,decidedonWednesdaythat

itwouldstabilizepricesforgrain,oil,sugarandcottoninparticular,

accordingtoastatementonagovernmentWebsite.TheStateCouncilalso

saidthatthegovernmentwouldmakesurethatmoredieselreachedfilling

stations,tofueltrucks,andthatutilitypowerstationshadamplesuppliesof

coal.

Thehighpricesandrelativescarcityofdieselfuelhaveresultedinpartfrom

itsusebyfactories,whichhavebeenburningitinbackyardgeneratorsas

powercompanieshavecutbackelectricitygenerationtomeetnationaltargets

forlimitingenergyconsumption.

Meanwhile,utilitieshavestruggledtobuyenoughcoalbecausethe

governmentrequirescoalminestosellittopowercompaniesatlow,

regulatedprices.Themines,ofcourse,prefertoselltheircoalathigherprices

ontheopenmarket.

Lastweek,inanothermoveagainstinflation,Beijingorderedcommercial

bankstoputmoreoftheirassetsinlow-yieldaccountsatthecentralbank.

Themeasure,anincreaseintheso-calledreserverequirement,wasmeantto

coolafrenzyoflendingoverthelasttwoyearsthathaspricedurbanreal

estatebeyondthereachofmostworking-classfamilies.

LiangHuoqiao,a22-year-oldplasticsworker,saidinaninterviewearlierthis

yearinGuangzhouinsouthernChinathathispaywasrising10percenta

year,toaround$300amonth.Buthisentireannualpaywouldbeenoughto

buyonlyabouttwosquaremetersofanapartment,or21.5squarefeet.

Soheplannedtobuyacarassoonaspossible,andworryaboutahomelater.

【參考答案】

中國政府采取措施以調(diào)控基本消費品價格的不斷上漲。如引發(fā)更大范圍

的通脹，勢必威脅中國強勁的經(jīng)濟增長，北京將面臨嚴峻挑戰(zhàn)。中國應

當提高利率，以為減少投資和防止經(jīng)濟過熱。來自奧巴馬政府的政策制

定者認為，如果中國如讓人民幣對美元升值，石油和其他大宗商品在中

國的價格將能變得便宜一些，這有助于克服通貨膨脹。但北京拒絕了這

一建議，部分原因在于華盛頓開出的藥方會減少中國出口到美國和其他

一些國家的商品的競爭力。中國領導人反復強調(diào)對付通脹是中國今年全

年的首要任務，因為通脹會帶來社會的不穩(wěn)定。

IV.ChinesetoEnglishtranslation

旅客似乎是十分輕松的人，實際上卻相當辛苦。旅客不用上班，卻必須

受時間的約束;愛做什么就做什么，卻必須受錢包的限制;愛去哪里就去

哪里，卻必須把幾件行李蝸牛殼一般帶在身上。旅客最可怕的噩夢，是

錢和證件一起遺失，淪為來歷不明的乞丐。旅客最難把握的東西，便是

氣候。

我現(xiàn)在就是這樣的旅客。從西班牙南端一直旅行到英國的北端，我經(jīng)歷

了各樣的氣候，已經(jīng)到了寒暑不侵的境界。此刻我正坐在中世紀古堡改

裝的旅館里，為讀者寫稿，剛剛黎明，濕灰灰的云下是蘇格蘭中部荒莽

的林木，林外是隱隱的青山。曉寒襲人，我坐在厚達尺許的石墻里，穿

了一件毛衣，如果要走下回旋長梯像走下古堡之腸，去坡下的野徑漫步

尋幽，還得披上一件夠厚的外套。

——選自余光中《西歐的夏天》第一二段

【張培基譯文】

SummerinWesternEurope

YuGuangzhong

Light-heartedasheseems,atravelerisinfactundergreatstress.Thoughon

vacation,heisneverthelesssubjecttotherestraintoftime.Hecando

whateverhelikesonthetrip,buthehastokeeptheexpenditurewithinthe

limitsofhispocket.Whereverhegoes,hehastotakewithhimhis

cumbersomehandluggage.Hefacesthemosthorriblepossibilityoflosing

hismoneyandcredentials,whichwillreducehimselftoapauperofunknown

background.And,besides,hecanneverbesureoftheweather.

That’swhatI’mlikenow.I’vetraveledallthewayfromthesoutherntipof

SpaintothenortherntipofEngland,experiencingavarietyofclimatesuntil

I’vebecomeapathetictotheelements.I’mnowsittinginamedievalcastle

turnedhotel,writinganarticleformyreaders.Thedayisjustdawning.In

CentralScotland,thereliesunderthegraywetcloudsawildwoodedregion,

beyondwhichagreenmountainstandsfaintlyvisible.Inthechillyairofthe

earlymorning,Ihavetobedressedinawoolensweaterwhilesittingona

stonewallonefootonthickness.ButIneed,inaddition,anoutergarmentto

keepmewarmincaseIcomedownthespiralstaircase-theintestinesofthe

castle-totakeastrollalonganunfrequentedpathdownthemountainslopein

searchofsecludedplacesofquietbeauty.

2012年華東師范大學357英語翻譯基礎真題及詳解

I.PhraseTranslation

1．Billofexchange

【答案】匯票

2．CBD

【答案】中央商務區(qū)(centerofbusinessdistrict)

3．CCPIT

【答案】中國國際貿(mào)易促進委員會(ChinaCouncilforthePromotionof

InternationalTrade)

4．Headoffice

【答案】總部

5．OPEC

【答案】石油輸出國組織(OrganizationofPetroleumExportingCountries)

6．Knockoutproduct

【答案】拳頭產(chǎn)品

7．Emergencyroom

【答案】急診室

8．Pediatricintensivecareunit

【答案】兒科重癥室

9．outpatientsurgicalcenter

【答案】門診手術中心

10．Cardiology

【答案】心臟病學

11．Ophthalmology

【答案】眼科學

12．Illegalforeignexchangetransaction

【答案】非法外匯交易

13．Foreignexchangerevenueandspending

【答案】外匯收支

14．Netizen

【答案】網(wǎng)民

15．Thee-business

【答案】電子商務

16．人文交流

【答案】culturalandeducationalexchanges

17．法人

【答案】LegalPerson

18．大型實景歌舞演出

【答案】real-scenemusicalextravaganza

19．廉租房

【答案】low-renthouse

20．經(jīng)適房

【答案】affordablehousing

21．人才戰(zhàn)略

【答案】talentstrategy

22．科教興國戰(zhàn)略和人才強國戰(zhàn)略

【答案】thestrategiesofreinvigoratingChinathroughscienceand

educationandstrengtheningthenationthroughhumanresourcedevelopment

23．服務種類

【答案】TypeofService

24．資源調(diào)配

【答案】resourceallocation

25．激發(fā)內(nèi)在經(jīng)濟活力

【答案】stimulatethevitalityoftheeconomy

26．公務接待費

【答案】officialreceptions

27．新型農(nóng)村社會養(yǎng)老保險

【答案】newold-ageinsurancesystemforruralresidents

28．農(nóng)產(chǎn)品流通體系

【答案】circulationsystemforfarmproduct

29．載人航天

【答案】mannedspaceflight

30．違法征地拆遷

【答案】illegallandexpropriationsandhousingdemolitions

II.Passagetranslation

SectionATranslatetheunderlinedsentencestoChinese

PennyGold:Forthreepeoplethrowntogetherbychance,it’sinterestingthat

weallhavespentpartofourlivesattheUniversityofChicago-measan

undergraduatestudent,JohnKomlosasagraduatestudent,andJohn

Goldsmithasaprofessor.Andthethreeofusarecloseinageandinthetypes

ofdisciplineschosen-Iamalsoahistorian,withadditionalgraduatetraining

inliteratureandarthistory.Alargedifferenceamongus,however,isthatmy

teachingcareerhasbeenprimarilyatasmallliberalartscollege(Knox

College),aninstitutionthatputsitsstrongestemphasisonteaching,even

whileresearchisencouragedandexpected.I’malsofemaleandbeganmy

careerduringaperiodoftimeinwhichwomenwerejustbeginningtheenter

academiainsignificantnumbers;thishasbeenaformativeinfluenceonmy

lifeintheacademyandinmyattitudestowardit.

Ienteredgraduateschoolwithoutaclearcommitmenttoprofessional

training.Inthefalltermofmysenioryear,lwassuddenlycaughtupinmy

studiesbyaserendipitousconcatenationofcoursesinmedievalstudiesand

culturalhistory,andIjustwantedtokeeplearning.IthappenedthatStanford,

whereIchosetogo,wasgivingfullfundingforfouryearstoallentering

historygraduatestudentsatthattime(thankstogenerousfundingfromthe

FordFoundation,whichwas-unsuccessfully,itturnsout-tryingtospeed

completionofPh.D.s),soIpaidnothingforgraduateeducation,nordidIhave

togointodebt.Thefirstyearofgraduateschoolwasquiteashock,andifI

hadbeenspendingthousandsofdollarsofmyownmoney.I’mnotsureI

wouldhavestayedinschool.Butintheend,Iwasverygladthefinancial

supportenticedmetostay,helpingmethrougharoughtransition.While

Stanfordthengaveitsgraduatestudentsnoinstructioninteaching(a

situationnowchanged),Ihadthegoodfortunetoexperienceexcellent

mentoringwhileIwasthere,IandunlikeJohnKomlosandJohnGoldsmith,I

llearnedagreatdealduringgraduateschoolabouthowtheacademyworks.

MyadvisorbeginninghisfirstjobasaprofessorinthesameyearIbegan

graduateschoolandIlearnedmuchfromhimaboutthedemands,pleasures,I

andprecariousnessofacademiclife.AnotherprofessorIworkedcloselywith

wasdeniedtenurewhileIwasinmythirdyear;Icontributedalettertoher

successfulappealandlearnedagooddealaboutacademicvaluesand

processesalongtheway.IwasatStanfordintheearlyyearsofthewoman

movement(1969-74),andmyinvolvementintheHistoryGraduateStudents

Women’sCaucuswasalsoacruciallearningexperience.Thedepartmentat

Stanfordhadonlyonefemaleprofessoratthetime,aHarvardPh.D,who,

becauseofnepotismrules(herhusbandhadapositioninanother

department),waslimitedtoanon-tenure-trackadjunctappointment.When

thiswomanresigned,theWomen’Caucusorganizedanefforttopersuadethe

departmenttohireawomenforetenure-trackappointment.Wetalked,we

wroteletters,andwesucceeded.AnotherstudentandIweremembersofthe

searchcommitteethatresulted.IthinkIlearnedmoreabouthowtheacademy

works,andhowonecanworktochangeit,inthatoneyearsthaninmanyof

therest.Also,withinthisearlycohortofwomenintheacademy,therewass

strongsenseofsolidarity,amongstbothgraduatestudentsandfaculty,within

andacrossinstitutions.Weknewweneededtofigureoutallwecouldabout

academicinstitutions.Weknewweneededtofigureoutallwecouldabout

academicinstitutionsandproceduresinordertomakeitasnewcomers,and

wehelpedeachotheroutasbestwecould.Oftenwithoutaccesstothe“old

boy”networks,wefounded“newgirl”networks,andthesehavebeena

crucialsourceofsupport,andhelptomeovertheyear.

——FromChicagoGuidetoYourAcademicCareer

【參考譯文】

佩妮·戈爾德：三個人偶然湊到了一起，有趣的是我們都在芝加哥大學

度過了一段學習時光——我是本科生，約翰·孔洛斯是研究生，約翰·戈

德史密斯是教授。我們?nèi)齻€人年齡相仿，而且選的學科也很相似。我是

歷史研究者，在文學和藝術歷史方面參加了額外的研究生培訓。然而，

我們?nèi)齻€人最大的不同就是我的教書生涯最初是從一個小的文科院校

（諾克斯學院）——一所即便是鼓勵搞研究，但更著重強調(diào)教學的院

校。作為女性，在別的女性才剛剛開始進入學術界，人數(shù)還寥寥無幾之

時，我就已經(jīng)開始我的教學生涯有一段時間了；這段經(jīng)歷給我對?？圃?/p>

校的態(tài)度有了改變，并影響了我的生活。

在我進入研究生院校學習之時，并沒有明確被告知有專業(yè)的培訓。在大

四下學期上課之時，我偶然發(fā)現(xiàn)了中世紀研究與文化歷史之間的聯(lián)系，

從此便癡迷于此，我也只是想繼續(xù)深入學習。事有湊巧，我選擇要去的

斯坦福大學那時正好給進入歷史學系的研究生四年全額的補助（多虧了

福特基金會的慷慨資助，但后來該基金會經(jīng)濟不是很好，所以被資助的

博士生只能加緊完成學業(yè)），（慶幸的是）我不用付研究生費用，也不

必承擔債務。研究生的第一年是給我?guī)聿恍〉恼饎?，如果我當初自?/p>

支付了這幾千美元（我就肯定不用離開）?，F(xiàn)在我不知道我是不是還能

繼續(xù)留在學校讀書。但最后，我還是很高興財政上的自助使我留了下

來，大概幫助我做了一個過渡。然而斯坦福大學那時并不對學生在教學

上有所指導（現(xiàn)在這種情況已經(jīng)改變），但有幸在那兒我接受到了杰出

人士的經(jīng)驗指導。和孔洛斯和戈德史密斯不一樣，我在研究生階段才了

解了學院是如何運作的。我的導師也是在我開始研究生學習的第一年才

開始他的第一份工作，從他那里學到很多有關學術生活中的需求、愉快

和不穩(wěn)定。另一位關系跟我比較好的教授在我大三的時候被停職了；我

幫她寫了一封很成功的解釋信，在這段時間里我也；了解到很多學術價

值和做研究的過程。女權運動（1969—1974）初期那段時間，我在斯坦

福讀書，然后參加了研究生女性干部學會，這對我而言也是很重要的一

次學習經(jīng)歷。

——《芝加哥學術生涯規(guī)劃》

SectionBChinesetoEnglish

除非是研究近代史的，很少人會知道中俄戰(zhàn)爭后，從本世紀初英國即與

日本結(jié)為同盟。這一特殊關系一直延續(xù)到一九四一年的“珍珠港事變”。

這期間，英國老百姓自然始終堅定地站在中國這一邊。我先是在“七七

事變”頭一年就有所察覺。當時上海還有租界，而大公報館無論在津、

滬、港，都始終位于洋人管轄的地方。事變前的一年——一九三六年，

《大公報》就由于我發(fā)表的陳白塵一個劇本中多處提到“×洋人”，而三

次被英、日控制的工部局傳到法院，最終還是由于事先打了叉叉而沒坐

牢。

三八年至三九年間，我在香港《大公報》編文藝副刊時，因所登的稿件

而與英國新聞審查官起沖突的事，更是屢見不鮮。說是“沖突”，其實，

他是主子。在送審的校樣上他隨便打個紅叉，我就只好抽調(diào)。

——選自《說起香港》——蕭乾著作

【張培基譯】

AboutHongKong

—XiaoQian

Mostpeople,apartfromthosefamiliarwithmodernhistory,areunawarethat

asearlyastheturnofthecentury(aft