2022年廣東省茂名市高考英語模擬試卷（二）（附答案詳解）

2022年廣東省茂名市高考英語模擬試卷(二)

一、閱讀理解(本大題共15小題，共37.5分)

A

The14thNationalGamesheldinXi'anhastriggeredgreatinterest-notonlyinsportsand

fitness,butalsointhehostcityitself.IfyouareplanningatourofXi'antakinglessthan3

days,you'llwanttohitallthefollowinghighlights.

TheTerracottaArmy

TheTerracottaArmyisnotjustChina'spremierhistoricalattractionbutoneofthegreatest

discoveriesofthe20thcentury,whichwasconstructedbyChina'sFirstEmperorQinShiHuang

oftheQinDynasty(221BC-207BC).Itisacollectionofthousandsoflife-sizeterracotta

soldiers,horses,andchariots(戰(zhàn)車)inbattleformation,showingtheemperor'sarmiesinfull

splendor.

AncientCityWall

Xi'anCityWallwasbuiltinthe14thcenturybyZhuYuanzhang,thefirstEmperoroftheMing

Dynasty(1368-1644)asamilitarydefensesystem.Nowitisoneoftheoldestand

best-preservedChinesecitywalls.Thewallisnowalandmark,dividingthecityintoinnerand

outerareas.

GiantWildGoosePagoda

OneofChina'smostfamousBuddhistpagodas,theGiantWildGoosePagodawasbuiltinthe

TangDynasty(618-907)forthestudyofBuddhistscriptures.Oneofthemainfunctionsofthe

pagodawastostoresutras(經(jīng)文)broughttoChinafromIndiabythefamousmonk,andtraveler

XuanZang.ltwasbuiltwithlayersofbricksandhasagrandstructureandappearance.ltis

exemplaryoftraditionalChinesearchitecture.

ShaanxiHistoryMuseum

TheShaanxiHistoryMuseumishometoover370,000preciousrelicsunearthedinShaanxi

overtheyears.Itscollectionsrangefrombronzewarestopotteryfigures,goldandsilverwares

andwallpaintingsfromtheTangDynasty(618-907)tombs.Amongitspreciouscollections,!8

pieceshavebeenlistedasnationaltreasures.

1.Whichofthefollowinghasthelongesthistory?

A.TheTerracottaArmy.B.AncientCityWall.

C.GiantWildGoosePagoda.D.ShaanxiHistoryMuseum.

2.WhatcanvisitorsseeinShaanxiHistoryMuseum?

A.ChariotsdiscoveredinXi'an.

B.SutrasbroughtfromIndiatoChina.

C.RelicsunearthedinShaanxi.

D.WallpaintingsfromtheQingDynastytombs.

3.Whatdothefourattractionshaveincommon?

A.Theyholdcollectionsofantiques.

B.Theyareofhistoricalandculturalvalue.

C.TheyrepresentthemodernspiritofXi'an.

D.TheyareexamplesoftraditionalChinesearchitecture.

B

ANorfolksheepdognamedPeggyspentmostofherlifeworkingonafarmandhelpingher

humanherdanimalsfromplacetoplace.Shewasgreatatherjob,whichrequireskeen

intelligenceandtheabilitytolistentoashepherd'ssignals.ButeverythingchangedwhenPeggy

suddenlywentdeafforunknownreasons.

Peggywassenttoananimalshelterin2018.Withtheshelterfull,stafferstriedtofindafoster

familyforhertospendtheholidayswith.Thankfully,animalwelfaremanagerChloeShorten

steppeduptotakeherin!"Wedecidedshecouldstaywithustemporarilywhilewefound

somewheremorepermanenttotakeherin,butwecompletelyfellinlovewithheralmost

immediatelyanditsoonbecameclearthatshewouldn'tbegoinganywhere!'*Chloesaid."She

wasgreasyandoutofcondition,untrusting,andfrightened,"theshelteradded.

"Shesoonstartedtobondwithmeandwestartedtakinghertofunplaceslikethe

beach,somethingwedon'tthinkshehaseverexperiencedbefore,“Chloesaid."Withsome

tenderlovingcareandgoodfood,Peggysoonstartedtoadjusttolife.Severalmonthsonand

Peggyhasblossomedintoadogwhoiscontinuingtoimprovedaily."

OneofthebiggestwaysPeggy*snewfamilyhelpedheradjustwasgettingherbackto

work.Workingdogsarebredtodoaspecificjob,andwithoutapurpose,theycangrow

depressedandbored.SoChloeintroducedthedogtohandsignsandtaughthertousehereyes

inplaceofherearswhileonthejob.Nowthatshe's10,she's"generallyretired,'*butshestill

enjoysherdingandcontinuestoimpressherfamilywithhowquicklyshelearnsnewskills.

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4.WhatcanweinferaboutthePeggyfromthetext?

A.Sheistenandhasretired.

B.shewentdeafduetoararecondition.

C.Itwaslongbeforesheadjustedtohernewlife.

D.Shewasabandonedbyherformerfamily.

5.HowmanywaysdidtheChloeusetohelpPeggyadjustinthetext?

A.Two.B.Three.C.Five.D.Six.

6.WhydidtheChloegetPeggybacktowork?

A.Theyweredepressedandboredbyherperformance.

B.Theywantedtohelpherrecoverhersenseofhearing.

C.Theyneededhertohelpthemherdinganimals.

D.Theywereconcernedabouthermentalhealth.

7.WhichofthefollowingbestdescribesPeggy?

A.Aggressiveandshy.B.Untrustingandgreasy.

C.Adaptableandgifted.D.Fierceandtalented.

c

Lefttotheirowndevices,mostchildrenwon'thesitatetolickadoorknoborwipearunnynose

withtheirsleeve.Butisthereanytruthtotheideathattheiraffectionforgettingdirtycanbe

beneficialtotheirhealth?

Thattheorydatesbacktothe1800s,whenEuropeandoctorsrealizedthatfarmerssuffered

fewerallergiesthancityresidents.However,itdidn'tgainwidespreadattentionuntil1989,when

BritishepidemiologistDavidStrachandiscoveredthatyoungsterswitholdersiblingswereless

likelytobeinfectedthanotherkidswithhayfever.Strachansuggestedthatearlychildhood

infectionstransmittedbycontacthelpedfosterastrongimmune（免疫的）system.

Histheory,calledthehygienehypothesis（衛(wèi)生假說），providesaconvenientexplanationfor

whyallergiesandautoimmunedisorders,haveincreased300percentormoreintheUSsince

the1950s.MaybeWesternsocietieshavebecometoocleanfortheirowngood,andparentstoo

fearfulofalittledirl.AsmicrobiologistGrahamRooknotes,gettingabitmessycanhelp

cultivatethethousandsofmicrobialspeciesthatcallthebodyhomeandkeepit

healthy.Providingthatboostcanbeaseasyashavingpets,tendingchickens,orplayingina

greenspace.

It'salsowisetogoeasyontheantibiotics（抗生素）.Althoughtheycanbelifesaversforpatients

withseverebacterialinfections,there's"arealriskofharm"fromoveruse,saysJohnLynch,a

doctorattheUniversityofWashingtonSchoolofMedicine."Regainingyournativemicrobiota

canbeextremelyhard/*heexplains.Allthisisnottosayyoungstersshouldbemessy.You

definitelywantthemtowashtheirhandsregularly,andcleaninghigh-touchsurfacesisvitalto

avoidunpleasantinfectionslikenorovirus,Rookadvised.Justdon'tgooverboardandkillthe

bacteriaoneverything.Asitturnsoutbidsprobablydoneedafewgermstostayhealthy.

8.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"insanitary"meaninParagraph2?

A.Unclean.B.Wide.C.Risky.D.Protective.

9.Whichofthefollowingmaybeexplainedbythehygienehypothesis?

A.Dirt-freehouses'reducefeverinchildren.

B.Somefarmersarehighlyallergictoflowers.

C.Beingtoocleanleadstoincreasedallergies.

D.Avirusinfectioncausesautoimmunedisorders.

10.WhatisJohnLynch*sattitudetotheuseofantibiotics?

A.Cautious.B.Supportive.C.Critical.D.Indifferent.

11.WhatmightbeRook'sadviceforparents?

A.Leavinghigh-touchsurfacesdirty.

B.Allowingkidstoplayinthegarden.

C.Replacingkids1petswithartificialones.

D.Makingtheplayroomsabsolutelyclean.

D

ScientistsattheMassachusettsInstituteofTechnology（麻省理工學(xué)院）haveturnedspider

websintomusic-creatingastrangesoundtrackthatcouldhelpthembetterunderstandhowthe

spidersoutputtheircomplexcreationsandevenhowtheycommunicate.

TheMITteamworkedwithBerlin-basedartistTomasSaracenototake2D（two-dimensional）

laser（激光）scansofaspiderweb,whichwerelinkedtogetherandmadeintoamathematical

modelthatcouldrecreatethewebin3DinVR（virtualreality）.TheyalsoworkedwithMITs

musicdepartmenttocreatethevirtualinstrument.

"Eventhoughtheweblooksreallyrandom（隨機）,thereactuallyarealotofinsidestructures

andyoucanvisualize（可視化）themandyoucanlookatthem,butit'sreallyhardtograspfor

thehumanimaginationorhumanbraintounderstandallthesestructuraldetails,"saidMIT

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engineeringprofessorMarkusBuehler,whopresentedtheworkonMondayatavirtualmeeting

oftheAmericanChemicalSociety.

ListeningtothemusicwhilemovingthroughtheVRspiderwebletsyouseeandhearthese

structuralchangesandgivesabetterideaofhowspidersseetheworld,hetoldCNN."Spiders

usevibrations（振動）asawaytolocatethemselves,tocommunicatewithotherspidersandso

theideaofthinkingreallylikeaspiderwouldexperiencetheworldwassomethingthatwas

veryimportanttousasspidermaterialscientists,'1Buehlersaid.

Spidersareabletobuildtheirwebswithoutshelvesorsupports,sohavingabetterideaofhow

theyworkcouldleadtothedevelopmentofadvancednew3Dprintingtechniques."Thereason

whyIdidthatisIwantedtobeabletogetinformationreallyfromthespiderworld,whichis

veryweirdandmysterious,MBuehlerexplained.Inadditiontothescientificvalue,Buehlersaid

thewebsaremusicallyinterestingandthatyoucanhearthesoundsthespidercreatesduring

construction."It'sunusualandeerieandscary,butfinallybeautiful."hedescribed.

12.WhathaveMITscientistsdoneaccordingtothepassage?

A.Theyhavetranslatedspiderwebsintosounds.

B.Theyhavemadeamathematicalmodeltoproducewebs.

C.Theyhavecreatedasoundtracktocatchspiders.

D.Theyhaveknownhowspiderscommunicate.

13.Whatcanweknowaboutspiderwebsfromparagraph3?

A.Theirstructuresarebeautifulandclear.

B.ProfessorMarkusBuehlerknowsthemwell.

C.TheAmericanChemicalSocietypresentstheresult.

D.Theyarecomplexforpeopletofigureitout.

14.Inwhichfieldwillthestudybehelpful?

A.Virtualreality.B.Printing.

C.Painting.D.Film-making.

15.Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?

A.Ittellsusthatthemusiccreatedbyspidersisscary.

B.Itshowshowtheresearcherscarryouttheexperiment.

C.Itpresentsanewandcreativewaytostudyspiders.

D.Itexplainswhyscientistsdidtheexperiment.

二、閱讀七選五(本大題共5小題，共12.5分)

Winterisconnectedwithfunandgames：snowballfights,skiing,and,everyfouryears,the

WinterOlympics.Butwhatwillawintersportsenthusiastdoifthesnowdoesn*tmakean

appearance?⑴

Artificialsnowismorelikeatightlypackedfrozensnowthatispartlymelt.(2)Theyare

brokenupbyahigh-pressurepumpatfirstandthenturnintosmallfrozenpieces.Mostartificial

snowismadeusingsnowcannons.Astheair'scoolingcapacityfalls,sodoestheamountof

waterthatcanbepumpedthroughthemachine.(3)At-4℃asnowcannoncanoperateat

around80%humidity.Butiftheoutsidetemperatureis-1℃,thismustbereducedtoaround30%

humidity.

In1980,theOlympicsheldinAmericabecamethefirstWinterGamestousemachine-made

snow.(4)ArtificialsnowalsoappearedatthetworecentWinterOlympics,inSochi,Russia

(2014),andVancouver,BritishColumbia(2010).Andthe2022WinterOlympicsinBeijing

isthefirsttorelyentirelyonartificialsnow.

(5)TheInternationalOlympicCommitteestatesthatitcreatesamoreconsistentsurface.In

addition,thesnowthatcomesfromacannonisicierthannaturalsnow.ltmeltsmoreslowly,and

providesahardersurfaceforathleteslookingforspeed.ThefirstOlympicsusingentirely

artificialsnowwillprobablynotbethelast.

A.Buttheyweren'tthelast.

B.Itismadefromwaterdrops.

C.That'swhenartificialsnowcomesin.

D.Whatisartificialsnow,andhowisitmade?

E.Temperaturealsoplaysasignificantroleinsnowmaking.

F.Artificialsnowcanbeappliedintoawiderangeoffields.

G.ArtificialsnowiswellworthusingintheWinterOlympics.

16.A.AB.BC.CD.DE.

EF.FG.G

17.A.AB.BC.CD.DE.

EF.FG.G

18.A.AB.BC.CD.DE.

EF.FG.G

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19.A.AB.BC.CD.DE.

EF.FG.G

20.A.AB.BC.CD.DE.

EF.FG.G

三、完形填空(本大題共15小題，共15.0分)

DilysPriceisnotatypical85-year-oldgrandmother.Shemightlooklikea(21)teacherfrom

Cardiff-which,technically,isexactlywhatsheis-butshe'salsomadea(an)(22)ofjumpingout

ofplanes.

KnownthroughoutWalesas"DaredevilDilys",the(23)womanmadeherfirstparachutejump

attheageof54.Shehasnowcompletedmorethan1,139jumpsfor(24).(25),Dilyswasafraid

ofheightsbeforeherfirstjump,but30yearslater,she[26)theGuinnessWorldRecordasthe

OldestFemaleSoloSkyDiver,andshehas(27)tensofthousandsofpoundsforcharity.

Dilyshas(28)herlifetohelpingyoungpeoplewithdisabilities.In1996,she(29)TheTouch

TrustfromherkitcheninCardiff,anditsoon(30)intoarenownedcentreforHtouchtherapy(療

法)"forpeoplewithdisabilities.Withhernew(31),theyhelpmorethan1,000adultsand

childreneveryweek.

She(32)fromrunningthecharityin2015-butshe'sstillhelpingtofundraiseitsworkthrough

herparachute(33).

Dilyssays,Tvehadalovely(34)!I'mextremelystubbornandIwon'tgiveupinwhatIbelieve

in.Lifeshouldbefun,be(35)andhaveapurpose."

21.A.physicalB.retiredC.youngD.kind

22.A.habitB.promiseC.careerD.attempt

23.A.generousB.delicateC.fearlessD.tender

24.A.charityB.exerciseC.livingD.pleasure

25.A.NaturallyB.TypicallyC.FortunatelyD.Incredibly

26.A.holdsB.takesC.equalsD.leaves

27.A.earnedB.raisedC.donatedD.saved

28.A.lostB.livedC.devotedD.spared

29.A.appliedB.namedC.inventedD.founded

30.A.movedB.joinedC.brokeD.grew

31.A.thoughtB.techniqueC.findingD.medicine

32.A.steppeddownB.droveawayC.ranoutD.heldback

33.A.recordsB.skillsC.memoriesD.jumps

34.A.jobB.businessC.lifeD.centre

35.A.peacefulB.challengingC.simpleD.difficult

四、語法填空(本大題共1小題，共15.0分)

36.Notsatisfiedwithpushingtheboundariesofspeed,enduranceandcivil

engineering,Chinesecompaniesareamongthefirstintheworld(1)(introduce)

newtechnologysuchasdriverlesstrainoperationandadvancedsignalingandcontrol

technology.

Thedriverlessbullettrains(2)(connect)BeijingandZhangjiakouinnorthern

HebeiProvincearecapableofhittingspeedsupto350kph,whichmakesthemtheworld's

(3)(fast)driverlesstrains.Thenewroute,openedinDecember2019aspartof

preparations(4)theBeijing2022WinterOlympicandParalympicGames,(5)

(reduce)traveltimeforthe174-kilometerjourneyfromthreehourstolessthan

60minutessofar.

(6)(build)injustfouryears,thelinehas10stationsservingtwoofthemajor

WinterGamesvenues(舉辦地),plusanotheratBadalingChangcheng,makingtheGreat

WallofChinafaster(7)(access)fortourists.(8)latteristheworlds

deepesthigh-speedrailwaystation,situated102metersunderground.Thesestationsare

likeairport(9)(terminal),withacresofspotlesspolishedmarbleand

glass,enormousinformationscreensandlounges(10)passengersarehelduntil

theirtrainiscalled.

五、書面表達（本大題共1小題，共15.0分）

假定你是李華，今天你校組織高三學(xué)生參觀了市博物館舉辦的“中國航天成就展，請在

你的博客上用英語寫一篇博文，分享此次活動。內(nèi)容包括：

1.參加人員；

2.活動內(nèi)容（聆聽講座、觀看視頻、體驗太空漫步等）；

3.個人感想。

注意：

1.寫作詞數(shù)應(yīng)為80左右；

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2.請按如下格式在答題卡的相應(yīng)位置作答。

AchievementExpoofChinaAerospace

答案和解析

1~3.【答案】A、C、B

【解析】（1）A.推理判斷題。根據(jù)TheTerracottaArmy段落內(nèi)容TheTerracottaArmyis

notjustChinaspremierhistoricalattractionbutoneofthegreatestdiscoveriesofthe20th

century,whichwasconstructedbyChina'sFirstEmperorQinShiHuangoftheQinDynasty

（221BC-207BC）.（兵馬俑不僅是中國最重要的歷史景點，也是20世紀最偉大的發(fā)

現(xiàn)之一，它是由中國秦朝（公元前221年.公元前207年）的第一位皇帝秦始皇建造的）；

AncientCityWall段落內(nèi)容Xi'anCityWallwasbuiltinthe14thcenturybyZhu

Yuanzhang,thefirstEmperoroftheMingDynasty（1368-1644）asamilitarydefensesystem.

（西安城墻建于14世紀，是明朝（1368-1644）第一位皇帝朱元璋的軍事防御系統(tǒng)）：

GiantWildGoosePagoda段落內(nèi)容中OneofChina'smostfamousBuddhistpagodas,the

GiantWildGoosePagodawasbuiltintheTangDynasty（618-907）forthestudyofBuddhist

scriptures”大雁塔是中國最著名的佛塔之一，建于唐代（618?907年），用于學(xué)習(xí)佛經(jīng)。）

可知，建于秦朝的兵馬俑具有最長的歷史。故選A。

（2）C.細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)ShaanxiHistoryMuseum段落內(nèi)容TheShaanxiHistoryMuseum

ishometoover370,000preciousrelicsunearthedinShaanxiovertheyears.（陜西歷史博

物館是陜西多年來出土的37萬多件珍貴文物的所在地。）可知，游客在陜西博物館可

以看陜西出土文物。故選C。

（3）B.推理判斷題。根據(jù)TheTerracottaArmy段落內(nèi)容TheTerracottaArmyisnotjust

China*spremierhistoricalattractionbutoneofthegreatestdiscoveriesofthe20thcentury.（兵

馬俑不僅是中國最重要的歷史景點，也是20世紀最偉大的發(fā)現(xiàn)之一）；AncientCityWall

段落內(nèi)容Xi'anCityWallwasbuiltinthe14thcenturybyZhuYuanzhang,thefirstEmperorof

theMingDynasty（1368-1644）asamilitarydefensesystem.（西安城墻建于14世紀,是

明朝（1368-1644）第一位皇帝朱元璋的軍事防御系統(tǒng)）；GiantWildGoosePagoda段落

內(nèi)容OneofChina'smostfamousBuddhistpagodas,theGiantWildGoosePagodawasbuiltin

theTangDynasty（618-907）forthestudyofBuddhistscriptures.（大雁塔是中國最著名

的佛塔之一，建于唐代（618-907年）,用于學(xué)習(xí)佛經(jīng)）；ShaanxiHistoryMuseum段落

內(nèi)容TheShaanxiHistoryMuseumishometoover370,000preciousrelicsunearthedin

Shaanxiovertheyears.（陜西歷史博物館是陜西多年來出土的37萬多件珍貴文物的所在

地。）可知，這四個景點的共同點是：它們都具有歷史和文化價值。故選B。

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本文是一篇廣告布告類閱讀，主要介紹了四個位于西安，具有歷史和文化價值的景點。

做這類題材閱讀理解時要求考生對文章通讀一遍，做題時結(jié)合原文和題目有針對性的找

出相關(guān)語句進行仔細分析，結(jié)合選項填寫出正確答案。

4?7.【答案】D、B、D、B

【解析】（1）D.推理判斷題。從第二段Peggywassenttoananimalshelterin2018.（2018

年，Peggy被送到了一家動物收容所。）以及Shewasgreasyandoutof

condition,untrusting,andfrightened（她渾身油膩,身體不好，不信任別人,還害怕。）可

以推測出她被之前的主人拋棄了。故選D項。

（2）B.細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段Withsometenderlovingcareandgoodfood,Peggysoon

startedtoadjusttolife.（在一些溫柔的關(guān)愛和美食的照顧下，Peggy很快開始適應(yīng)生活。）

可知，此處提到tenderlovingcare和goodfood兩種方式，根據(jù)第四段Oneofthebiggest

waysPeggy'snewfamilyhelpedheradjustwasgettingherbacktowork.（Peggy的新家庭

幫助她適應(yīng)的最大方式之一就是讓她重返工作崗位。）可知，此處提到gettingherback

lolife的方式，所以共3種方式。故選B項。

（3）D.細節(jié)理解題。從最后一段Workingdogsarebredtodoaspecificjob,andwithouta

purpose,theycangrowdepressedandbored.（工作犬被培養(yǎng)來做特定的工作，如果沒有目

標，它們會變得沮喪和無聊。）中可以得知，讓Peggy工作的原因是擔心她不工作的話

會抑郁。故選D項。

（4）B.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段Shesoonstartedtobondwithme…（她很快就和我建立

了感情...）及Peggysoonstartedtoadjusttolife（Peggy很快開始適應(yīng)生活。）可以看

出Peggy適應(yīng)能力很強，根據(jù)最后一段中butshestillenjoysherdingandcontinuesto

impressherfamilywithhowquicklyshelearnsnewskills（但她仍然喜歡放牧，她學(xué)習(xí)新

技能的速度之快讓她的家人印象深刻。）可知，Peggy在新技能的學(xué)習(xí)上很有天賦。

A.Aggressiveandshy咄咄逼人的和害羞的；B.Adaptableandgifted適應(yīng)性強的，

有天賦的；C.Untrustingandgreasy不信任的和油膩的；D.Fierceandtalented兇

猛的而有才華的。故選B項。

這是一篇記敘文，介紹了Chloe收養(yǎng)牧羊犬Peggy的故事。

閱讀理解題測試考生在閱讀基礎(chǔ)上的邏輯推理能力，要求考生根據(jù)文章所述事件的邏輯

關(guān)系，對未說明的趨勢或結(jié)局作出合理的推斷；或根據(jù)作者所闡述的觀點理論，對文章

未涉及的現(xiàn)象、事例給以解釋?？忌紫纫屑氶喿x短文，完整了解信息，準確把握作

者觀點。

8?11.【答案】A、C、A、B

【解析】（1）A.詞義猜測題。根據(jù)第一段的Butisthereanytruthtotheideathattheiraffection

forgeingdirtycanbebeneficialtotheirhealth?（但是，他們對變臟的喜愛對他們的健康

有益的想法有什么道理嗎）以及第二段However,itdidn'tgainwidespreadattention

until1989,whenBritishepidemiologistDavidStrachandiscoveredthatyoungsterswitholder

siblingswerelesslikelytobeinfectedthanotherkidswithhayfever.（然而，直到1989年，

它才得到廣泛關(guān)注，當時英國流行病學(xué)家大衛(wèi)：斯特拉坎發(fā)現(xiàn)，有哥哥姐姐的孩子比其

他孩子更不容易感染花粉熱。）可推斷，劃線句意為：斯特拉坎認為，通過不健康接觸

傳播的兒童早期感染有助于培養(yǎng)一個強大的免疫系統(tǒng)。也就是小時候接觸不干凈的東西

有助于增強免疫力。所以insanitary為“不干凈的”之意。A.UncIean不干凈的；B.Wide寬

的;C.Risky冒險的;D.Protective保護的。故選A。

（2）C.細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段Histheory,calledthehygienehypothesis（衛(wèi)生假說），

providesaconvenientexplanationforwhyallergiesandautoimmunedisorders,haveincreased

300percentormoreintheUSsincethe1950s.（他的理論被稱為衛(wèi)生假說，提供了一個實

用的解釋，為什么過敏和自身免疫性疾病自20世紀50年代以來在美國增加了300%或

更多。）可知，根據(jù)該理論，太干凈會導(dǎo)致過敏癥的增加。故選C。

（3）A.觀點態(tài)度題。根據(jù)最后一段Althoughtheycanbelifesaversforpatientswithsevere

bacterialinfections,there'suarealriskofharm"fromoveruse,saysJohnLynch,adoctoratthe

UniversityofWashingtonSchoolofMedicine.HRegainingyournativemicrobiotacanbe

extremelyhard,"heexplains.（華盛頓大學(xué)醫(yī)學(xué)院的醫(yī)生JohnLynch說，盡管它們對嚴重

細菌感染的患者來說是救星，但過度使用也存在“真正的傷害風(fēng)險“?！盎謴?fù)你原有的微

生物群是極其困難的，”他解釋道。）可推斷，他認為抗生素可以用來救命，但也有一

定的風(fēng)險，所以他認為使用抗生素需慎重。A.Cautious謹慎的；B.Supportive支持的；

C.Critical批評的；D.Indifferent不以為然的。故選A。

（4）B.推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段Allthisisnottosayyoungstersshouldbemessy.You

definitelywantthemtowashtheirhandsregularly,andcleaninghigh-touchsurfacesisvitalto

avoidunpleasantinfectionslikenorovirus,Rookadvised.Justdon'tgooverboardandkillthe

bacteriaoneverything.Asitturnsout,kidsprobablydoneedafewgermstostayhealthy.（所

有這些并不是說孩子應(yīng)該臟兮兮的。Rook建議，你肯定希望他們經(jīng)常洗手，清潔高接

第12頁，共19頁

觸表面對于避免像諾如病毒等令人不快的感染至關(guān)重要。只是不要做得太過火，不要殺

死任何東西上的細菌。事實證明，孩子們可能確實需要一些細菌來保持健康。）可推斷，

Rook建議讓孩子在花園玩。故選B。

本文為一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了一種“衛(wèi)生假說”理論，該理論認為通過不衛(wèi)生接觸

傳播的兒童早期感染有助于培養(yǎng)強大的免疫系統(tǒng)。

做這類題材閱讀理解時要求考生對文章通讀一遍，做題時結(jié)合原文和題目有針對性的找

出相關(guān)語句進行仔細分析，結(jié)合選項選出正確答案。做題時要在抓住關(guān)鍵句子的基礎(chǔ)上

合理的分析才能得出正確答案，切忌胡亂猜測，一定要做到有理有據(jù)。

12?15.【答案】A、D、B、C

【解析】（1）A.細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段ScientistsattheMassachusettsInstituteof

Technology（麻省理工學(xué)院）haveturnedspiderwebsintomusiccreatinganstrange

soundtrackthatcouldhelpthembetterunderstandhowthespidersoutputtheircomplex

creationsandevenhowtheycommunicate.（美國麻省理工學(xué)院的科學(xué)家們已經(jīng)把蜘蛛網(wǎng)

變成了音樂一創(chuàng)造出一種奇怪的音樂，可以幫助他們更好地了解蜘蛛是如何輸出它們復(fù)

雜的創(chuàng)造物，甚至它們是如何交流的。）可知，麻省理工學(xué)院的科學(xué)家把蜘蛛網(wǎng)轉(zhuǎn)換成

聲音。故選Ao

（2）D.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段中MarkusBuehler所說Eventhoughtheweblooksreally

random（隨機），thereactuallyarealotofinsidestructuresandyoucanvisualize（可視化）

themandyoucanlookatthem,butit'sreallyhardtograspforthehumanimaginationorhuman

braintounderstandallthesestructuraldetails.（盡管蜘蛛網(wǎng)看起來很隨機，實際上有很多

內(nèi)部結(jié)構(gòu)，你可以想象他們，你可以觀察他們，但人類的想象力或人腦很難理解所有這

些結(jié)構(gòu)細節(jié)。）可知，蜘蛛網(wǎng)的結(jié)構(gòu)復(fù)雜，人類難以理解其構(gòu)造。故選D。

（3）B.推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中Spidersareabletobuildtheirwebswithoutshelvesor

supports,sohavingabeerideaofhowtheyworkcouldleadtothedevelopmentofadvanced

new3Dprintingtechniques.（蜘蛛可以在沒有架子或支撐的情況下織網(wǎng)，所以更好地了

解它們是如何工作的，可能會導(dǎo)致先進的新型3D打印技術(shù)的發(fā)展。）可知，研究蜘蛛

如何結(jié)網(wǎng)有利于提升打印技術(shù)。A.Virtualreality虛擬現(xiàn)實；B.Printing打印；C.Painting

畫畫；D.Film-making電影制作。故選B。

（4）C.主旨大意題。通讀全文，尤其根據(jù)第一段ScientistsattheMassachusettsInstituteof

TechnologyC麻省理工學(xué)院haveturnedspiderwebsintomusiccreatinganstrangesoundtrack

thatcouldhelpthembetterunderstandhowthespidersoutputtheircomplexcreationsandeven

howtheycommunicate.（美國麻省理工學(xué)院的科學(xué)家們已經(jīng)把蜘蛛網(wǎng)變成了音樂創(chuàng)

造出一種奇怪的音樂，可以幫助他們更好地了解蜘蛛是如何輸出它們復(fù)雜的創(chuàng)造物，甚

至它們是如何交流的。）等內(nèi)容可知，本文提出了一種新的創(chuàng)造性的方法來研究蜘蛛。

故選Co

這是一篇說明文。介紹了麻省理工學(xué)院的科學(xué)家最近的研究成果，將蜘蛛網(wǎng)轉(zhuǎn)換成音樂，

可以更好地了解蜘蛛是如何輸出它們復(fù)雜的創(chuàng)造物，甚至它們是如何交流的。

做這類題材閱讀理解時要求考生對文章通讀一遍，做題時結(jié)合原文和題目有針對性的找

出相關(guān)語句進行仔細分析，結(jié)合選項選出正確答案。做題時要在抓住關(guān)鍵句子的基礎(chǔ)上

合理的分析才能得出正確答案，切忌胡亂猜測，一定要做到有理有據(jù)。

16~20.【答案】C、B、E、A、G

【解析】（1）C.推理判斷題。根據(jù)上文Winterisconnectedwithfunandgames：snowball

fights,skiing,and,everyfouryears,theWinterOlympics.Butwhatwillawintersportsenthusiast

doifthesnowdoesn'tmakeanappearance?（冬天與娛樂和游戲有關(guān)：打雪仗、滑雪，以

及每四年舉行一次的冬季奧運會。但是，如果雪沒有出現(xiàn)，冬季運動愛好者該怎么辦呢？）

可知，上文提到了沒有雪的情況，本句為本段最后一句，應(yīng)回答上文的問題：人造雪。

故C選項“那就到了人造雪出場的時候。"符合語境，故選C。

（2）B.細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)上文artificialsnowismorelikeatightlypackedfrozensnowthat

ispartlymelt.（人造雪更像是一種部分融化的緊密的冰凍雪。）以及后文Theyarebroken

upbyahigh-pressurepumpatfirstandthenturnintosmallfrozenpieces.（它們首先被高壓

泵分解，然后變成小的冷凍碎片。）可知，本句是在說明后文被高壓泵分解的是什么：

水滴，B選項中waterdrops對應(yīng)后文they,故B選項"Itismadefromwaterdrops.它是由水

滴制成的。"符合語境，故選B。

（3）E.推理判斷題。根據(jù)后文At-4℃asnowcannoncanoperateataround80%

humidity.Butiftheoutsidetemperatureis-1℃,thismustbereducedtoaround30%humidity

（在4%：時，雪炮可以在80%左右的濕度下工作。但如果室外溫度為這必須降

低到30%左右的濕度。）可知，本句啟示下文，指出溫度對造雪的作用。故E選項

"Temperaturealsoplaysasignificantroleinsnowmaking.溫度在造雪中也起著重要作用。"