Unit5Grammar課件牛津譯林版八年級英語上冊

Unit5WildanimalsGrammarAUsingmayforpossibilitymay是情態(tài)動詞，“可以”可以用于疑問句中表示請求（七下）“可能”表示猜測，可能性（用于肯定句中或否定句中）maynotdo...意為“可能不......”Forexample1.Thestorymayormaynotbetrue.2.Canthatbetrue?√Maythatbetrue?×3.Hecan’tknowthetruth.他不可能知道真相。Hemaynotknowthetruth.他可能不知道照相。Millieisinthezoo.SheistellingSandyonthephoneaboutwhathappens.CompletewhatMilliesaysusingmaywiththewordsinbrackets.1.Theelephantisgoingtowardsthewater.It___________(need)abath.mayneedInthezoo2.Thelittleboyiscryingwhenhesawthetigers.He________(be)afraidofthem.maybe3.Icannotgonearthelionsandtigers.They__________(hurt)me.mayhurt4.Thebabypandaisnotdrinkingitsmum’smilk.It_____________(notbe)hungry.maynotbe5.Themonkeysarejumpingaround.They_______________(beplaying)witheachother.6.Thehorseisstandingwithitseyesclosed.It______________(besleeping).maybeplayingmaybesleepingsummary當(dāng)我們猜測某件事發(fā)生的可能性時，常用may表示______、_______.2.在肯定句中，may后通常接_______,________,__________.

也許

可能be+…be+doingdoTheymaybedoinghomework.Itmaysnow.Shemaybeontheplayground.Tips:1.表猜測，只能用于肯定句與否定句中,疑問句中表示推測可能用can；例:Theymaygotothenaturalreservenextmonth.Canthisbookbehers?表示推測可以與副詞possibly\perhaps\maybe進(jìn)行轉(zhuǎn)換,注意時態(tài)；例Theymaygotothenaturalreservenextmonth.=Maybetheywillgotothenaturalreservenextmonth.Thisbookmaybehers.=Maybethisbookishers.與can表示推測用于否定句時，含義不同。例Hecan’tknowthetruth.他不可能知道真相。Hemaynotknowthetruth.他可能不知道照相。1.在疑問句中，may通常解釋為“可以”，表示尋求許可，比can更正式禮貌（而might比may更正式、委婉）。例：MayIcallyouwhenIhaveproblems?2.

對于MayI…?的回答：肯定：常用Yes,please/certainly/ofcourse.

雖然也可以使用Yes,youmay,但語氣生硬，太過嚴(yán)肅。

Expansion--MayIuseyourdictionary?--Certainly.Hereyouare.否定：No,youmustn’t/can’t.或Sorry,youcan’t.或No,pleasenot.--MayIwatchTVnow?--No,youmustn’t.不，不允許。3.表示猜測時

，must語氣最強(qiáng)，表示肯定，意為“一定”can意為“可能”，can’t意為“不可能”may意為“可能”語氣最弱。例：ThisbookmustbeAmy’s.Look!Hernameisonthecover.

CanthisbookAmy’s?ThisbookmaybeAmy’s.Themanovercan’tbeMr.Black.HewenttotheUSAyesterday.1.---Doyouhaveanyplansforthisweekend?---I’mnotsure.I_____goclimbingMountYuntai.A.mustB.needC.mayD.can2---Hownicethebuildingis!Whatisitfor?---It________ahotel.ButI’mnotsure.A.mustbeB.havetobeC.maybeD.canbe3.---Whenarewegoingtohaveapicnic?---I’mnotsure.AskMillie,please.He_____know.A.needB.canC.mayD.shall即時練4.--____Iaskyouaquestion?–Sure.May B.Would C.Do5.--Mum,____IgooutwithmyfriendsthisFriday？

--No,you____stayathomeanddoyourhomework.may;can B.may;must C.can;wouldBUsingverbs+to-infinitives動詞不定式的用法不定式的全稱是“動詞不定式”，是一種非限定動詞，由不定式符號to+動詞原形構(gòu)成。不定式具有動詞的特征，同時也有名詞、形容詞和副詞的特征,但它還是屬于動詞，所以它本身可以帶賓語和狀語。其否定形式是“nottodo”,沒有人稱和數(shù)的變化,但有時態(tài)和語態(tài)的變化。動詞不定式的被動結(jié)構(gòu)為tobedone不定式可以作主語、賓語、狀語、表語和定語，但不能單獨作謂語。語法重溫.動詞不定式結(jié)構(gòu)

:todo(否定)nottodo二.

時態(tài)與語態(tài)主動語態(tài)被動語態(tài)一般式進(jìn)行式完成式完成進(jìn)行式不定式

todo

tobedone

tobedoing

tohavedone

tohavebeendone

tohavebeendoing--------------------1.作主語2.作賓語3.作賓語補(bǔ)足語4.作定語5.作狀語6.作表語7.作獨立成分8.與疑問詞等連用三.動詞不定式在句中的作用

一、不定式結(jié)構(gòu)作主語Toseeistobelieve.It’simportanttolearn.

注①：在很多情況下，特別是在口語中，常采用先行it代替主語，而把不定式后置：It’sagreatfuntotalktohim.ItisimportanttolearnEnglishwell.

注②：這種后置不定式的結(jié)構(gòu)也適用于某些謂語動詞不是系動詞的句子

Ittook

usfivehourstogetthere.Itmadeusveryangrytohearhimtalklikethat.注③：不定式結(jié)構(gòu)的邏輯主語通?？稍谔囟ǖ纳舷挛幕蚯榫爸锌闯觯部梢杂伞癴or+名詞詞組”來表示ItiseasyforanyonetogetlostinabigcitylikeShanghai.Itwasdifficultformetodothework.注④：某些形容詞在上述結(jié)構(gòu)中作表語時，常在不定式之前加上“of+名詞詞組”來說明不定式所指的是誰的情況It’scleverofyoutoworkoutsuchadifficultproblem.It’sveryniceofyoutoshareyourthingswithus.二、不定式結(jié)構(gòu)作表語Myjobistohelpthepatient.Yourtaskistocleantheclassroom.isis注①：主語是以aim,duty,hope,idea,intention,mistake,plan,,job,suggestion等為中心詞的名詞詞組，或以what引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句表示，后面的不定式說明其內(nèi)容Myideaistoclimbthemountainfromthenorth.Yourmistakewasnottowritethatletter.Mysuggestionistostartworkatonce.WhatIwanttotellyouistostudyhard.注②：在某些句型中，當(dāng)主語部分有動作動詞do時，作表語的不定式可以省略符號“to”Allwehaveto

doisstartworkatonce.TheonlythingIcan

donowistellhimaboutit.AllIcoulddowasgivehimsomeadvice.

三、不定式結(jié)構(gòu)作賓語Iwanttogohome.Ifounditnecessarytotalktohimagain.“動詞+帶to的不定式結(jié)構(gòu)”。這類動詞常見的有：afford,agree,choose,decide,demand,expect,hope,learn,manage,offer,pretend,promise,refuse,want,like,hate,try,start,forget,begin,plan,need,seem,fail等注①：如果作賓語的不定式結(jié)構(gòu)有自己的補(bǔ)語(一般為名詞和形容詞)，則應(yīng)使用先行it，把不定式后置，此類動詞有：feel,find,make,think,believe,considerIfinditdifficulttounderstandhim.Wethoughtitwrongnottohelpher.Theyfounditimpossibletogeteverythingreadyintime.IfeelitusefultolearnEnglish.注②：不定式用在介詞but,except,besides后時作賓語時,如果這些介詞前有行為動詞do的各種形式,那么介詞后的不定式不帶to,相反則帶to.havenochoicebuttodosth別無選擇，只能……Shecandoanythingbutsing.Theycoulddonothingbutwaitforthedoctorstoarrive.Ihavenochoicebuttogo.注③：“動詞+疑問詞+帶to的不定式結(jié)構(gòu)”。（這種不定式結(jié)構(gòu)接近一個名詞性從句）。這類動詞常見的有：tell,findout,decide,discuss,learn,forget,know,remember,understand,wonder等。疑問詞（也稱連接代/副詞）有：what,where,who(m),when,how,whether,which(why除外),疑問代詞后一般接及物動詞，如果接不及物動詞時，則不及物動詞后須加介詞，疑問副詞后一般接不及物動詞，如果接及物動詞時，則及物動詞后需要加賓語。

Idon’tknowwhattodo.Iwanttoknowhowtogotheretomorrow.Ihaven’tdecidedwhethertosellitornot.Wemustfindoutwheretoputit.注④：有些動詞既可以接不定式做賓語，也可以接動名詞作賓語，須注意兩者之間的區(qū)別。如：forget,remember,stop,like,hate，continue,need等注⑤:有些動詞只能接動名詞作賓語。practice,keep,finish,enjoy,mind，begoodat,dowellin,bebusy,can’thelp,whatabout,howabout,giveup,beinterestedin,makeacontributionto,goon,stop,stop---frombeworthdoingsth.spend---indoingsth,feellike

HeoftenpracticesspeakingEnglish.Heenjoyslivinginthecountry.Hewillnotgiveupstudying.Moreaboutwildanimals

Amy’sdadisaskingAmysomequestionsaboutanimals.Completetheirconverstaionwiththewordsintheblankets.agreechoosedecidehopelearnplanpreparewantlikestartbeginfailwishtryrememberforgetDad:Doyouknowanythingspecialaboutwildanimals?Amy:Yes,Dad.Forexample,dolphinsareclever,Theycan__________________(learn/workout)easymathsproblems.learntowork.Dad:Whatdoyouknowaboutbats?Amy:Batscan’tsee,buttheycan___________________(decide

/fly)therightwaywiththehelpoftheirmouthandearsdecidetofly四、不定式結(jié)構(gòu)作賓語補(bǔ)足語Theteachertoldmetocleantheblackboard.Iexpectyoutogivemesomehelp.Didyouseeayoungmanenterthehouse?Iwantbothofyoutogo.

Myteacherasksusnottobelate.用不定式結(jié)構(gòu)作賓語補(bǔ)足語的動詞常跟帶to的動詞不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語的動詞有wish,expect,let,allow,permit,

lead,cause,ask,tell,invite,advise,order,require,tell,make,force,drive,warn,help,teach,train,encourage,see,hear等。不定式的否定形式為nottodo注①：有些動詞用不定式與用現(xiàn)在分詞作賓語補(bǔ)足語，所表達(dá)的意義是有差別的。一般說來，用不定式表示一次性動作或動作的完成（即全過程）；而用現(xiàn)在分詞則表示動作正在進(jìn)行，即：謂語動詞所表示的動作發(fā)生時，現(xiàn)在分詞所表示的動作正在進(jìn)行.Didyouseeanyoneenterthehouse?Hesawhisfathertalkingwithhisteacher.Ioftenheardhimsingthissonglastyear.SheheardMr.Whitesinginginthenextroom.注②：使用不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語時，在有些動詞后面，不定式符號to應(yīng)當(dāng)省略?！飨铝袆釉~用不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語時，必須省去不定式符號to(一聽二看三使四注意五感覺)：let,make,have,see,watch,notice,lookat,hear,listento,feel△feel一詞在使用todo型不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語時，不帶to；在使用tobe型不定式時，要帶to△help一詞在使用不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語時，可以帶to，也可以不帶to△使用不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語的句子，改為被動結(jié)構(gòu)以后，賓語補(bǔ)足語就成了主語補(bǔ)足語，這時，“to”不可以省略Iwatchedthemgetintothecar.Didyounoticehimleavetheroom?Hefeltthemtoberight.Didyoufeeltheearthshake?Doyouoftenhelpyourmother(to)dohousework?Thebossmadethemwork

frommorningtillnight.Theyweremadetowork

frommorningtillnight.五、不定式結(jié)構(gòu)作定語Ihavesomethingtosay.Hehasalotofhomeworktodo.Heislookingforaroom

tolivein.Thereisnothing

toworryabout.注①不定式作定語通常只能放在被修飾詞之后，而且放在其他后置定語之后。It’stimetogotobed.Heisnotamantobowbeforedifficulties.Wouldyoulikesomethingtodrink?Sheusuallyhasalotofmeetingstoattendintheevening.Iwanttogetsomethingtoreadduringthevocation.注②:不定式結(jié)構(gòu)與所修飾的名詞，有時意義上有著主謂關(guān)系或動賓關(guān)系，處于動賓關(guān)系的情況下，如果不定式是不及物動詞，它后面應(yīng)加上必要的介詞，不定式所修飾的名詞如果是time,place或way，不定式后面的介詞習(xí)慣上要省去。Hehasalotofhomeworktodo(=thathemustdo).Pleasegivemeapentowritewith.Thenursehasfivechildrentolookafter.Let’sfirstfindaroomtoputthethingsin.Thereisnothingtoworryabout.

Hehadnomoneyandnoplacetolive(in).注③:有時為了明確不定式結(jié)構(gòu)的邏輯關(guān)系，可以在不定式之前加上for+名詞詞組Here’sabookforyoutoread.Hegaveordersforthevisitorstobeshownin.六、不定式結(jié)構(gòu)作狀語Icameheretoseeyou.Hegotupearlytocatchthetrain.1.作目的狀語Mrs.WangwenttoShanghaitoseeherdaughter.

2.作原因狀語We‘regladtomeetyouhere.3.作結(jié)果狀語Heistootiredtoworkon.

Hewokeuptofindhimselfinhospital.注①：不定式結(jié)構(gòu)表示目的時，通常句子的主語就是它的邏輯主語注②：為了強(qiáng)調(diào)表示目的的不定式結(jié)構(gòu)，特別是在不定式結(jié)構(gòu)前有否定詞not時，通常可以在不定式符號to之前加上inorder，可以置于句首HecamehereinordertoseeCharlie.Hewentearlyinordernottomissthetrain.Togetgoodmarks,pleasestudyhard.=Inordertogetgoodmarks,pleasestudyhard.Theystartedearlyinordertogetthereintime.不定式結(jié)構(gòu)作結(jié)果狀語常見于下列句型：①

adj./adv.+(forsb)enoughtodo………足夠……能夠做……

Theboyisoldenoughtogotoschool.②

too+adj./adv./(forsb)todo…

太……而不能做……Theboxistooheavyformetocarry.上述句型?？梢院蛃o/such----that-----互相替換

=Theboyissooldthathecangotoschool.=TheboxissoheavythatIcan’tcarryit.七、不定式與疑問詞who,which,when,how,what等連用，在句中起名詞作用，可充當(dāng)主語、表語、賓語等,在與why連用時，只用于why或whynot開頭的簡短疑問句中，后面緊跟的動詞不定式不帶to。Hedidn’tknowhowtodoit.

(賓語)Howtosolvetheproblemisveryimportant.

(主語)Myquestioniswhentostart.

(表語)Whynothavearest?關(guān)于動詞不定式符號to(1).不定式中的動詞上文已出現(xiàn)過,下文要省略該動詞.eg:---Wouldyouliketogowithme?---I’dliketo.(2).

不定式是tobe結(jié)構(gòu),be不可省.eg:----Wouldyouliketobeateacher?----I’dliketobe.關(guān)于介詞to在短語lookforwardto,prefer----to---,devote----to---,beusedto,makeacontributionto，payattentionto---,belongto---,leadto----中，to是介詞，其后不能接動詞原形，而要接動名詞。Iamlookingforwardtohearingfromyou.Heprefersswimmingtorunning.Mr.Wangdevotedhimself/mosthistimetofindingouttheanswertothequestion.Mr.GreenhasbeenusedtolivinginBeijing.DetectionFeedback1.Youmust_____(listen)totheteachercarefullyinclass.2.Maryagreed_____(go)s