語用學(xué)常月圓課件

'-■■fll"hl，III.*2ontents1TheDefinitionofPragmatics■2SpeechActTheoryr\7Trr1QOOI11iJlJV■■1>1?Ifntu'IOheMaxim!1DefinitionofPragmatics2SpeechActTheory■speechacts:actionspeutterances(1962)9sdAitetsuoQpuesaAiieiujopaj「za■Constativesroughlyservestostateafact,report■

IgototheparkeveryS■

IteachEnglish.utteranceswhichsomethingisdescribewhatsomethingj■

Performatives:utteranceswhichareusedtoperformmacts,donotdescribeorreport—anythingatall;theutteringofthesentenceisthedoingofanaction;they■

Ido」■

IInameHM|gEh^iuuggrilsiiggHBmiIwarnyouthatthIgiveandbequeathmywatchbrother.Ipromisetofinishitintime<^Ideclarethemeetingopen.■FeaturesofPerformatives■

Speechactverbs/performativeverbS：■

Indicativemood陳述語氣■

Activevoice主動態(tài)■

Simplepresenttense■

Firstpersonsingularsubject第一人稱單數(shù)圏■

Ipromisetobethere.■

I'llbethere.■

IadmitIwaswrong.■MwasuBonsni■

I'mverygrateful.■

Iapologize.■

I'msorry.■

Iorderyoutositdown.■

Youmustsitdown.2.2IllocutionaryActTheory行事行為/施為行為理論LevellLevel2■Anillocutionarvact行事行Level3e■

Theperlocutionaryact成事行為/取效行為■andactionsw^javed^Level3■

Theeffectofthespeaker'swordsmaybQwBmWUSHEQBHffgiffa’ffiExercise■

camBBBIreCBSWIEabwkIIBBWBnHKWeft,souymil■

Awifesaystoherhusband:“There'snomilkinthefridge.”■

Illocutionaryact:???HusbandfollowstherequestandbuysomeHusbandunderstandswhyhiswifej^ffad^Orhemaysuspectthereason^Hs^ifeiofferreallygoingouttoOfferinganexplanation:nomilk■

sPmelocutionaryact:???Makingarequest:husbandshouldgoosome.ogoou^s^nf3Classifyingspeechacts承擔(dān)性Ipromis表達(dá)性It's1havethoughtofme■

5)declaratio■

3)commissiveyou!■

4)expressiveofyouto■■■■HerbertPaulGrice(1913-1988)WilliamJameslecturesatHarvardin1967LogicandConversationin4ConversationalImplicature會話含義目標(biāo)ordirectionofthetalkexchangeinwhjyouareengaged.使你所生的階段，符合你所參與的交談白4.2CategoriesofMaximsinCPMaximofQuantity:數(shù)量準(zhǔn)則/適量準(zhǔn)則nMgheyouBconffibutioniasinfoEmatiEeas^^m^^|Hf0flEfflSEU^^n0EB^!0^^9EBlSEade■

Donotmakeyourcontributioninformativethanrequired.■

Donotsaywhatyoubelieveto■

Donotsaysomethingifyou」evidence;■

Beorderly.Berelative.■

MaximofRelation:相關(guān)準(zhǔn)則eperspicuous.■

Avoidobscurityofex■

Avoidambiguity.■

Bebrief.4.3Violationofthemaxims■

violate4.3

Violationofthemaxims(Quantity)1.Makeyourcontributionas2.Donotmakeyourcontributionmoreinformativethanisrequired.Aunt:HowdidJimmydohishistoryexam?Mother:Oh,notatallwell.Tforehimthingsthatpoorboywasbo>Hersonshoulcb4.3

Violationofthemaxims1.

Donotsaywhatyou■____________________relievetobefaYouarethecreaminmycoffee.Xrunsasfastasadeer.Heismadeofiron.(Quality)2.

Donotsaythatforwhichyoulackadequateevidence.4.3

Violationofthemaxims(Relation)Berelevant.4.3

Violationofthemaxims(Manner)1.Avoidobscurityofexpression3.

Bebriefb：ireceivediwopagesciippediogeinerandcoveredwithrowsofblacExercise1■」Mother:Where'sthecake?jointgoingtoNewKwowwoMMflameMan:MayExercise2callmebusinesstripnextweeExercise3gwithMrs.■

Mrs.Chen:ThatSlookslikeaniceghe?■

Mrs.Yang:Well,he'sfromtheSichuan.He'sgotfivebrotheandhe'stheeldest.f■

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