2022年中考英語外研版總復(fù)習(xí)學(xué)案-專題十二基本句式和主謂一致

專題十二基本句式和主謂一致【考點(diǎn)一】簡單句的五種類型【圖解】【考點(diǎn)二】疑問句的四種類型類型問句結(jié)構(gòu)舉例一般疑問句以系動詞be開頭Areyouastudent?以助動詞開頭Doyougetupearlyinthemorning?以情態(tài)動詞開頭Canyouhelpme?特殊疑問句疑問代詞(what,who,whom,which,whose)引導(dǎo)Whatdoyouusuallydoinyoursparetime?Whoisthemanoverthere?疑問副詞(when,why,where,how)引導(dǎo)Whydoyoulikepandas?Howdoeshegotoschool?疑問詞短語(howmany,howmuch,howoften,howlong,howsoon,howold,howfar,whattime等)引導(dǎo)HowmuchistheT-shirt?HowoftendoyouwatchTV?Whattimedoyouhavebreakfast?選擇疑問句一般疑問句+or+另一個選擇部分?DoyoulikeEnglishorChinese?特殊疑問句+選擇項(xiàng)+or+另一個選擇項(xiàng)?Whoseisthis,Jim’sorBill’s?反意疑問句肯定陳述句+一般疑問句的否定簡略式?KatehasbeentoBeijingtwice,hasn’tshe?否定陳述句+一般疑問句的肯定簡略式?Youdon’tcomefromJinan,doyou?【注意】反意疑問句的幾個特殊點(diǎn)1.如果陳述部分含有否定詞no,little,none,nobody,nothing,few等時(shí),其附加疑問部分用其肯定形式。2.當(dāng)陳述部分的主語是everyone,everybody,someone,somebody等不定代詞時(shí),反意疑問句中的主語往往用they。3.therebe結(jié)構(gòu)的附加疑問部分用bethere或benotthere的相應(yīng)形式?！就卣惯w移】在反意疑問句中,附加疑問部分的主語要用代詞。如:LucyandLilyarefromAmerica,aren’tthey?(不能說aren’tLucyandLily)【圖解】【考點(diǎn)三】感嘆句的結(jié)構(gòu)類別結(jié)構(gòu)舉例以what引導(dǎo)What+a/an+adj.+單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞+主語+謂語!Whatabeautifulmountainitis!多么美麗的山啊!What+adj.+復(fù)數(shù)可數(shù)名詞+主語+謂語!Whatgreatinventionshehasmade!他的發(fā)明多么偉大啊!What+adj.+不可數(shù)名詞+主語+謂語!Whatbadweatheritistoday!今天的天氣多么糟糕啊!以how引導(dǎo)How+adj.+a/an+單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞+主語+謂語!Howcleveraboyheis!他是多么聰明的男孩啊!How+adj./adv.+主語+謂語!HowquicklyTomruns!湯姆跑得真快!【語法串記】感嘆句口訣感嘆句,表情感,how,what放句前。名詞詞組跟what,how形副緊相連。為了句子更簡潔,主謂部分也可略。【圖解】【考點(diǎn)四】祈使句1.肯定形式的祈使句類型結(jié)構(gòu)舉例Do型動詞原形+(賓語)+其他Sitdown(,please).Be型Be+表語+其他Bequiet.Let型Let+賓語+動詞原形+其他Letmegetit.2.否定形式的祈使句類型結(jié)構(gòu)舉例Do型Don’t+動詞原形+(賓語)+其他Don’topenthewindow.Be型Don’t+be+表語+其他Don’tbelateforclass.Let型Don’t+let+賓語+動詞原形+其他Don’tlethimgo.Let+賓語+not+動詞原形+其他Lethimnotgo.【拓展遷移】(1)祈使句之后的附加疑問部分常用“willyou?”。如:Don’truninthehallways,willyou?(2)以Let’s開頭的祈使句,附加疑問部分常用“shallwe?”。Let’splaysoccerafterschool,shallwe?(3)有些祈使句可用no開頭,用來表示禁止(做某事)。如:Nophotos!禁止拍照!Nosmoking!禁止吸煙!【考點(diǎn)五】倒裝句常見的幾種倒裝句結(jié)構(gòu)結(jié)構(gòu)含義舉例Therebe...句型表示“存在”,主語在謂語動詞be的后面。謂語動詞與最近的主語保持一致Thereissomemilkinthebottle.So+助動詞/系動詞be/情態(tài)動詞+主語表示與上文提到的肯定情況相同—Jimlikessports.—Sodoeshisbrother.Neither+助動詞/系動詞be/情態(tài)動詞+主語表示與上文提到的否定情況相同—Janecan’tswim.—NeithercanI.“Only+副詞/介詞短語/狀語從句”置于句首o(hù)nly引導(dǎo)的狀語置于句首,采用部分倒裝Onlyinthiswaycanweachieveourdream.【拓展遷移】“so+主語+系動詞(助動詞或情態(tài)動詞)”結(jié)構(gòu),意為“……確實(shí)如此”。此結(jié)構(gòu)是對前面提到的肯定事實(shí)予以確認(rèn),表示乙贊同甲的話。這種句型中,前后句主語相同。如:—Itmaybeinthatpocket.它可能在那個口袋里?！狝h,soitis.啊,真的?！究键c(diǎn)六】主謂一致的三個原則原則特征舉例語法一致主語為單數(shù)形式,謂語用單數(shù)形式Hedoeshishomeworkeveryevening.主語為復(fù)數(shù)形式,謂語也用復(fù)數(shù)形式Y(jié)ouandIaregoodstudents.意義一致主語形式雖為單數(shù),但意義為復(fù)數(shù),謂語用復(fù)數(shù)Thepeoplearebusywiththeirwork.集體名詞(family,class,team等)作主語,若表示整體概念,謂語動詞用單數(shù);若表示集體中的成員,謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式Myfamilyisbig.MyfamilyarewatchingTVnow.就近原則謂語動詞的單、復(fù)數(shù)形式取決于最靠近它的主語Neitheryounorhelikespopmusic.EitherheorIamanEnglishteacher.【拓展】1.表示度量、時(shí)間、距離、金額等復(fù)數(shù)名詞作主語時(shí),謂語動詞往往用單數(shù)。如:Seventymilesisalongdistance.七十英里是一段很長的路程。2.主語后面跟由with,togetherwith,except,like,but等引導(dǎo)的短語時(shí),其謂語動詞的單復(fù)數(shù)與其前面的主語的數(shù)一致。如:TomwithhisparentshasgonetoBeijing.湯姆和他父母已經(jīng)去北京了。3.anumberof+名詞復(fù)數(shù)作主語時(shí),謂語用復(fù)數(shù);thenumberof+名詞復(fù)數(shù)作主語時(shí),謂語用單數(shù)。如:Anumberofstudentswanttoplanttreestomorrow.明天很多學(xué)生想去植樹。4.or,either...or...,neither...nor...,notonly...butalso...等連接的并列主語或在therebe句型中,通常使用就近原則。如:EitherheorIamright.或者他對,或者我對。【圖解】【語法串記】主謂一致記憶口訣集體名詞作主語,重全體時(shí)謂用單。如若強(qiáng)調(diào)其成員,復(fù)數(shù)謂語記心間。有些名詞謂用復(fù),people、police即這般。單數(shù)主語接介短,謂語單數(shù)介無關(guān)。就近原則要牢記:除了either...or,neither...nor,notonly...butaslo,還有therebe結(jié)構(gòu)?！揪氄骖}】一、簡單句專練(B)1.(2021·貴港中考)—WhatdoyouthinkofJack?—Heishonest.Allofustrusthim.A.主語B.謂語C.狀語D.賓語(A)2.(2021·東營中考)Lifeisn’talwaysperfect,butit’suptoyoutomakeyourlifebetter.A.表語 B.賓語 C.主語 D.謂語(C)3.(2021·連云港中考改編)Theprogramme“Driveless,cyclemore”willmakestreetsmuchsafer(安全的).A.狀語 B.賓語 C.賓語補(bǔ)足語 D.定語二、疑問句專練1.(2021·宿遷中考改編)IhaveeverbeentoLaosheTeahouse.(改為一般疑問句)HaveyoueverbeentoLaosheTeahouse?2.(2021·宿遷中考)Jeffdoessomevolunteerworkinthecommunityeverymonth.(改為一般疑問句)DoesJeffdoanyvolunteerworkinthecommunityeverymonth?3.(2021·邵陽中考改編)Hehasownedthemodelplanesincehewaseight.(對畫線部分提問)

Howlonghasheownedthemodelplane?

4.(2020·達(dá)州中考)DavidcanhardlyspeakChinese.(改為反意疑問句)DavidcanhardlyspeakChinese,canhe?三、感嘆句專練(B)1.(2021·貴陽中考)Billwenttowatchtheboatraces.fantasticthedragonboatteamswere!

A.What B.How C.Whata(D)2.(2021·襄陽中考)—niceweatheritistogohiking!Wouldyouliketogowithme?

—Goodidea!Let’sgo.A.Howa B.How C.Whata D.What3.(2020·上海中考)Thevolunteerworkedhardtogetmorekidsbacktoschool.(改為感嘆句)Howhardthevolunteerworkedtogetmorekidsbacktoschool!四、祈使句專練1.(2020·黔西南州中考)Youshouldn’ttellliestoothersandlearntobehonest!(改為祈使句)Don’ttellliestoothersandlearntobehonest!2.(2020·黔南州中考)Youshouldn’twalkacrosstheroadwhenthelightisred.(改為祈使句)Don’twalkacrosstheroadwhenthelightitred!(A)3.(2021·梧州中考)—yourhandsbeforedinner,Tony.

—Noproblem,Mom.A.Wash B.Washes C.Washing D.Towash五、倒裝句專練(B)1.(2021·綏化中考)Onlyatthattimethathewaswrong.

A.herealizedB.didherealizeC.hedidrealize(C)2.(2021·恩施中考)—IhaveneverbeentoTenglongCave.—

A.NeitherdoI. B.SohaveI. C.NeitherhaveI.【明策略】“結(jié)構(gòu)”法判斷簡單句一個簡單句只有一個“主謂結(jié)構(gòu)”,常見的主語和謂語的結(jié)構(gòu)有:1.一個主語+一個謂語2.兩個或多個并列的主語+一個謂語3.一個主語+兩個或多個并列的謂語“四步”完成對畫線部分提問第一步:用特殊疑問詞,代替畫線部分。疑問詞有what、when、how、where、who、which、whose等。第二步:把原句變成一般疑問句(畫線部分是主語或主語的定語除外)。第三步:特殊疑問詞加上一般疑問句,畫線部分省略。第四步:歸納分析,寫出正確答案。陳述句變?yōu)楦袊@句的方法——“一斷二加三換位”(1)“一斷”,即在謂語后邊斷開,使句子分為兩部分。如:①Sheis∥abeautifulgirl.②Heworks∥hard.(2)“二加”,即如果第二部分為副詞、形容詞,就加上how;如果是一個名詞(詞組),就加上what。如:①Sheis∥(what)abeautifulgirl.②Heworks∥(how)hard.(3)“三換位”,即把第一部分與第二部分互換位置,同時(shí)把句號換為感嘆號。如:①What