專(zhuān)題49 語(yǔ)言與文化(高考模擬+名校真題)

備戰(zhàn)2022高考英語(yǔ)閱讀理解熱點(diǎn)話(huà)題+體裁分類(lèi)訓(xùn)練(高考模擬+名校真題)專(zhuān)題49語(yǔ)言與文化（2022·江西·高考模擬）“Mum,whatdoesitmeanwhensomeonetellsyouthattheyhaveaskeleton(骨骼)inthecloset(衣櫥)?”Jessicaasked.“Askeletoninthecloset?”hermotherpausedthoughtfully,“Well,it’ssomethingthatyouwouldrathernothaveanyoneelseknowabout.Forexample,ifinthepast,someoneinDad’sfamilyhadbeenarrestedforstealingahorse,itwouldbe‘a(chǎn)skeletoninhisfamily’scloset’.Hereallywouldn’twantanyneighbortoknowaboutit.”“Whypickonmyfamily?”Jessica’sfathersaidwithanger.“Yourfamilyhistoryisn’tsogood,youknow.Wasn’tyougreat-greatgrandfatheraprisonerwhowastransportedtoAustraliaforhiscrimes?”“Yes,butpeoplethesedayssaythatyouarenotarealAustralianunlessyourancestorsarrivedasprisoners.”“Gosh,sorryIasked.IthinkIunderstandnow,”Jessicacutinbeforethingsgrewworse.Afterdinner,thehousewasveryquiet.Jessica’sparentswerestillquiteangrywitheachother.Hermotherwasironingclothesandeverynowandthensheglaredatherhusband,whohidbehindhisnewspaperpretendingtoread.Whenshefinished,shegatheredthefreshlypressedclothesinherarmsandwalkedtoJessica’scloset.Justassheopenedthedoorandreachedintohangaskirt,abonyarmstuckoutfromthedarkdepthsandabundleofwhitebonesfelltothefloor.Jessica’smothersankintoafaint(暈倒),wakingonlywhenJessicaputacold,wetclothonherforehead.Shelookeduptoseetheworriedfacesofherhusbandanddaughter.“Whathappened?WhereamI?”sheasked.“Youjustdestroyedtheschool’sskeleton,Mum,”explainedJessica.“Ibroughtithometohelpmewithmyhealthproject.Imeanttotellyou,butitseemedthatassoonasImentionedskeletonsandclosets,itcausedaproblembetweenyouandDad.”Jessicalookedinamazementasherparentsbegantolaughmadly.“They’rebothcrazy,”shethought.1．AccordingtoJessica’smother,“askeletoninthecloset”means________.A．a(chǎn)familyhonor B．a(chǎn)familysecretC．a(chǎn)familystory D．a(chǎn)familytreasure2．WhatcanwelearnaboutsomeAustralian’sancestorsfromParagraph2?A．TheywerebroughttoAustraliaasprisoners.B．TheyweretheearliestpeoplelivinginAustralia.C．TheywereinvolvedinsomecrimesinAustralia.D．Theywerenotregardedascriminalsintheirdays.3．Jessica’smotherfelldownintoafaintbecauseshewas________.A．knocked B．frightened C．injured D．surprised4．WhydidJessicabringaskeletonhome?A．Shewascuriousaboutit. B．Sheplannedtokeepitforfun.C．Sheneededitforherschooltask. D．Sheintendedtoscareherparents.5．Jessica’sparentslaughedmadlyattheendofthestoryprobablybecause________.A．theywerecrazyB．theywereoverexcitedC．theyrealizedtheirmisunderstandingD．theyboththoughttheyhadwonthequarrel（2018·全國(guó)·高考真題）Languageshavebeencomingandgoingforthousandsofyears,butinrecenttimestherehasbeenlesscomingandalotmoregoing.Whentheworldwasstillpopulatedbyhunter-gatherers,small,tightlyknit(聯(lián)系)groupsdevelopedtheirownpatternsofspeechindependentofeachother.Somelanguageexpertsbelievethat10,000yearsago,whentheworldhadjustfivetotenmillionpeople,theyspokeperhaps12,000languagesbetweenthem.Soonafterwards,manyofthosepeoplestartedsettlingdowntobecomefarmers,andtheirlanguagestoobecamemoresettledandfewerinnumber.Inrecentcenturies,trade,industrialization,thedevelopmentofthenation-stateandthespreadofuniversalcompulsoryeducation,especiallyglobalisationandbettercommunicationsinthepastfewdecades,allhavecausedmanylanguagestodisappear,anddominantlanguagessuchasEnglish,SpanishandChineseareincreasinglytakingover.Atpresent,theworldhasabout6,800languages.Thedistributionoftheselanguagesishugelyuneven.Thegeneralruleisthatmildzoneshaverelativelyfewlanguages.Oftenspokenbymanypeoplewhilehot,wetzoneshavelots,oftenspokenbysmallnumbers.Europehasonlyaround200Languages:theAmericasabout1,000,Africa2,400;andAsiaandthePacificperhaps3,200,ofwhichPapuaNewGuineaaloneaccountsforwellover800.Themediannumber(中位數(shù))ofspeakersisamere6，000,whichmeansthathalftheworldslanguagesarespokenbyfewerpeoplethanthat.Alreadywellover400ofthetotalof6,800languagesareclosetoextinction(消亡),withonlyafewelderlyspeakersleft.Pick,atrandom,BusuuinCameroon(eightremainingspeakers),ChiapanecoinMexico(150).LipanApacheintheUnitedStates(twoorthree)orWadjiguinAustralia(one,withaquestion-mark):noneoftheseseemstohavemuchchanceofsurvival.6．Whatcanweinferaboutlanguagesinhunter-gatherertimes?A．Theydevelopedveryfast. B．Theywerelargeinnumber.C．Theyhadsimilarpatters. D．Theywerecloselyconnected7．Whichofthefollowingbestexplains"dominant"underlinedinparagraph2？A．Complex. B．Advanced.C．Powerful. D．Modern.8．Howmanylanguagesarespokenbylessthan6,000peopleatpresent?A．About6,800. B．About3,400C．About2,400 D．About1,200.9．Whatisthemainideaofthetext?A．Newlanguageswillbecreated.B．Peopleslifestylesarereflectedinlanguages.C．Humandevelopmentresultsinfewerlanguages.D．Geographydetermineslanguageevolution.（2022·甘肅省武威第一中學(xué)高一開(kāi)學(xué)考試）IntheUnitedStates,whenonebecomesrich,hewantspeopletoknowit.Andevenifhedoesnotbecomeveryrich,hewantspeopletothinkthatheis.Thatiswhat“keepingupwiththeJoneses”isabout.Itisthestoryofsomeonewhotriedtolookasrichashisneighbors.Theexpressionwasfirstusedin1913byayoungAmericancalledArthurMomand.Hetoldthisstoryabouthimself.Hebeganearning$125aweekattheageof23.Thatwasalotofmoneyinthosedays.HegotmarriedandmovedwithhiswifetoaverywealthyneighborhoodoutsideNewYorkCity.Whenhesawthatrichpeoplerodehorses,Momandwenthorsebackridingeveryday.Whenhesawthatrichpeoplehadservants,Momandandhiswifealsohiredaservantandgavebigpartiesfortheirnewneighbors.Itwaslikearace,butonecouldneverfinishhisracebecauseonewasalwaystryingtokeepup.TheraceendedforMomandandhiswifewhentheycouldnolongerpayfortheirnewwayoflife.TheymovedbacktoanapartmentinNewYorkCity.Momandlookedaroundhimandnoticedthatmanypeopledothingsjusttokeepupwithrichlifestyleoftheirneighbors.Hesawthefunnysideofitandstartedtowriteaseriesofshortstories.Hecalledit“KeepingupwiththeJoneses”because“Jones”isaverycommonnameintheUnitedStates.“KeepingupwiththeJoneses”cametomeankeepingupwithrichlifestyleofthepeoplearoundyou.Momand’sseriesappearedindifferentnewspapersacrossthecountryforover28years.PeopleneverseemtogettiredofkeepingupwiththeJoneses.Andthereare“Jonses”ineverycityoftheworld.ButonemustgettiredoftryingtokeepupwiththeJonesesbecausenomatterwhatonedoes,Mr.Jonesalwaysseemstobeahead.10．SomepeoplewanttokeepupwiththeJonesesbecausethey______.A．wanttobeasrichastheirneighbors B．wantotherstoknowortothinkthattheyarerichC．don’twantotherstoknowtheyarerich D．wanttobehappy11．Itcanbeinferredfromthestorythatrichpeopleliketo______.A．liveoutsideNewYorkCity B．liveinNewYorkcityC．liveinapartments D．havemanyneighbors12．ArthurMomandusedthename“Jones”inhisseriesofshortstoriesbecause“Jones”is______.A．a(chǎn)nimportantname B．a(chǎn)popularnameintheUnitedStatesC．hisneighbor’sname D．notagoodname13．What’stheauthor’sattitudetokeepingupwiththeJoneses？A．Negative. B．Positive.C．Supportive. D．Objective.（2022·湖北·宜昌市一中高一階段練習(xí)）WelcometoLearnEnglish!ThissiteprovidesalargecollectionofEnglishasaSecondLanguage(ESL)tools&resourcesforstudents,teachers,learnersandacademics.Browseallthepagesandfindusefullinksandplentyofinformation.Didyourealizethatovertwobillionpeopleintheworldnowspeakthislanguage?Thisfigureisevergrowing.Itisthelanguageofglobalization.It'sthelanguageofinternationalbusinessandpolitics.ItistheprimarylanguageusedformostcomputersandfortheinnerworkingsoftheInternet.Giventhatthislanguagehasacquireditsworld-widereputationduetoglobalizedpowerrelations,manycompaniesandgovernmentswillobviouslyseetheadvantageofhiringnon-nativespeakersofthelanguage.Thefutureisinyourhandsandthefuturedemandsafirmcommandofthislanguage.Thereisnoneedforyou,thestudentcommunity,torushthroughthesections.TakeyourowntimeandfollowtheTORTOISEmethodsothatlearningEnglishwillbeamatteroffun.AdvancedWoffersawiderangeofprofessionalessaywritingservicesforuniversityandcollegelevelstudents.MprovidesEnglishhomeworkhelpfrombestexperts.MyPaperWhelpsstudentswithEnglishpaperwritingtasks.WeofferK-12andcollegestudentshighqualityOnline1-on-1TutoringandAssignmentHelpforAllSubjects(OOTAHAS):Math,English,Science,etc.OursisTHELEADINGandTHEBESTonlinetutoringcompanyintheworld.Ourteamofhighlyqualifiedtutorsmakelearningfunandeasyandhelpyouto…Getdetailedstep-by-stepexplanationsforabetterunderstandingofconcepts.14．ThewebsiteistargetedatthefollowingpeopleEXCEPT________.A．Teachers B．studentsC．businessmen D．learners15．WhichofthefollowingisRIGHTaboutEnglish?A．Aboutabillionpeopleworldwidespeakit.B．Itfeaturesworld-widepopularity.C．It'sthelanguageofinternationalbusinessandagriculture.D．ItisnotusedforcomputersandtheinnerworkingsoftheInternet.16．Ifyouhavetroublewithphysics,it'sbestforyoutoturntoforhelp.A．AdvancedW B．MC．MyPaperW D．OOTAHAS（2022·山西運(yùn)城·高二期末）FivewordsthatwillimmediatelymakeyousoundoldEnglishischangingfasterthaneverduetotechnologyandthegrowingpopularityofsocialmedia.Doyoulongtokeepupwiththetimes?Ifso,herearesomeold-fashionedwordsyoushouldremovefromyourvocabularylist.1.WhippersnapperAsanalterationoftheterm“snippersnapper”,thewordfirstappearedinthe17thcentury,expressingourancestors’annoyanceatill-manneredchildren.Initsmorecontemporaryversion,thewordrelatestoayoungpersonwhoistooconfidentanddoesnotshowenoughrespecttoolderpeople.2.TapeAreyouborninthe1980s?Ifso,youmaystillbeusingtheterm“tape”whenspeakingofrecordingmusicorTVshows.Today,thoughdigitalmediahasmadedatastorageonmagnetictapeathingofthepast,thisoldlinguistichabitstillexists.3.XeroxAfterlaunchingitsfirstcommerciallyavailablecopymachinein1959,Xeroxenjoyedrapidsuccess,andthebrandnamesoonbecameequaltotheword“copy”.Nowadays,theriseofmanynewprintingcompanieshasreducedXerox’smarketshare,andmakingcopiesisreferredtoasmakingcopies.So,ifayoungofficeworkerisaskedto“Xerox”adocument,heorshemayfeelmuchconfused.4.StewardessIntheearlierageofairtravel,femalecrewmembersservingairlinepassengerswerecalledstewardesses.Itwasn’tuntilmoremenenteredthefieldandthedevelopmentofwomen’srightsmovementinthe1960sand1970sthatthewordfelloutofuse.“Stewardess”wasreplacedbyamoregender-neutralterm,“flightattendant”.5.DungareesWhatweknowas“jeans”todaywereoncecalled“dungarees”torefertotrousersmadeofdenim(藍(lán)粗棉布).ThetermcomesfromakindofcheapandroughclothimportedfromDongariKilla,India.WhenmanufacturersbeganimportingtheclothformGenoainItaly,thiskindoftrousersgotanewname,“jeans”.Sodon’tbesurprisedifyoucatchyourgrandpasaying“dungarees”.17．Whocanbedescribedasawhippersnappernowadays?A．Anelderwhodoesn’tlikechildren.B．Ayoungwomanwhoisbad-tempered.C．Akidwhohasconfidenceandinfluence.D．Ayoungmanwhoalwaysfeelsheorsheismoreimportantthanothers.18．Whichofthefollowingwordshasbecomeoutdatedduetothedevelopmentoftechnology?A．Whippersnapper. B．Tape. C．Stewardess. D．Dungarees.19．Whatisthemainpurposeofthetext?A．Toshowreadershowtostayyoung.B．Toexplainhowtokeepupwiththetimes.C．Totellreadersthedifferencesbetweenwords.D．Toadvisereadersagainstusingold-fashionedwords.（2022·江西·新余市第一中學(xué)高一階段練習(xí)）It'shardtobelievethatmenandwomenwhogrowuptogetherinthesamecommunitycanendupspeakingdifferentlanguages,butforUbang'speopleinNigeria,it'stotallytrue.It'snotexactlyclearhowmanywordsinthemen'sandwomen'slanguagesaredifferent,butthereareenoughexamplestomakesentencessounddifferentwhenspokenbymenandwomen.Forexample,for“clothing”,menusetheword“nki”,whilewomensay“ariga”;“kitchi”means“atree”formen,whilewomensay“okweng”.Thesearenotjustpronunciationdifferences,buttotallydifferentwords.Interestingly,bothmenandwomenareabletounderstandeachotherperfectlyinUbang,asbothboysandgirlsgrowuparoundtheirparentsandgettolearnbothlanguages,butbytheageof10,boysareexpectedtospeakinthemaletongue.“Thereisastagethemalewillreachandhediscoversheisnotusinghisrightfullanguage,”ChiefOliverIbangsaid.“Nobodywilltellhimheshouldchangetothemalelanguage.Whenhestartsspeakingthemen'slanguage,youknowthematurity(成熟)iscomingintohim.”Noonereallyknowshoworwhythedual-language(雙語(yǔ)的)traditionofUbangbegan,butmostlocalspreferthereligioustheory(學(xué)說(shuō)).ChiChiUndiesaysthedifferentlanguagesbetweenmenandwomenarerarelyseen,Today,asEnglishwordscontinuetoenterthevocabularyofyoungpeopleinNigeria,Ubang'stwolanguagesareindangerofbeinglostforever.Neitherthemalenorthefemalelanguageiswrittendown,sotheybothrelyonyoungpeopletopassthemdowntothenextgeneration.20．Whydoestheauthormentiontheexamplesinthefirstparagraph?A．Totellthewritingdifferencesbetweenthetwolanguages.B．Toshowthatthetwolanguagesareindeeddifferent.C．Tostressthedifficultyoflearningthetwolanguages.D．Toexplainwhymenandwomenusedifferentlanguages.21．WhatcanwelearnfromOliverIbang'swords?A．Boysstarttospeakthemalelanguageearlierthangirls.B．Speakinginthemaletongueisasignofboys'growingup.C．UsingincorrectlanguageisconsideredimpoliteinUbang,D．Boysareforcedtospeakinthemaletongueattheageof10.22．WhatdoweknowaboutUbangsdual-language?A．Itsoriginhasbeenknowntous. B．Ithasdisappearedformanyreasons.C．Itislessusedbytheyoungthanbefore. D．ItswordsaresimilartoEnglishwords.23．Whatmaybethebesttitleforthetext?A．Thetraditionofdual-languageinUbang B．TheEnglishlanguageenteringUbangC．Thedevelopmentofmen'slanguageinUbang D．ThedisappearanceofUbang'sdual-language（2022·江西·南昌二中一模）When“irregardless”wasincludedinMerriam-Websterdictionary,itcausedwidedisagreements.“Irregardless”hasbeeninwidespreadandnear-constantusesince1795,whenanewspapercalledTheCharlestonCityGazelleofCharlestonGafirstusedit.“WedonotmaketheEnglishlanguage,andwemerelyrecordit,”thedictionary’sstaffwrotein“WordsoftheWeek”.Theword’sdefinition,whenwereadit,wouldseemtobewithoutregard.However,Merriam-Websterdefines“irregardless”as“nonstandard”butmeaningthesameas“regardless”.AccordingtoMerriam-Webster,“Manypeoplefind‘irregardless’tobearidiculousword,astheir-prefixusuallyindicatesnegativemeaning;however,inthiscaseitappearstomakethemeaningof‘regardless’stronger.”“It’snotarealword.Idon’tcarewhatthedictionarysays.”respondsauthorMichelleRay,whoteachesEnglishinSilverSpring,Md.Andshesaysshe’sstillplanningtomark“irregardless”asincorrectonherstudents’work.AnAmericannewspapertheBaltimoreSunpublishedthewordineditorJohnMcIntyre’scommentaryonSaturday:“‘Irregardless’istooaword;youjustdon’tunderstanddictionaries.Peoplegetupsetaboutthedictionarybecausetheythinkitissomesortofofficialdocument.Butactually,it’snot.It’sjustlexicographersidentifyingwordsthatpeopleuseandtryingtofindouthowtheyarespelled,howtheyarepronounced,whatmeaningstheyhaveandwheretheycamefrom.”“Thedictionary’srecognitiondoesn’tenrollawordascorrectintheEnglishlanguage,”McIntyresays.“ItjustsaysthisisawordthatalotofpeopleuseinEnglish.Andhere’swhatweknowaboutit.”Soit’saword,butitsuseisstilldiscouragedinformalwriting.24．What’sthefunctionofthefirstparagraph?A．Tocriticizetheuseof“irregardless”. B．Tointroducethetopic.C．Tomakeadefinitionof“irregardless”. D．Togiveanexample.25．Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?A．“Irregardless”hadbeeninwidespreadandnear-constantusebefore1975.B．Thedictionary’sstaffrarelyrecordtheEnglishlanguage.C．MichelleRaythinkstheuseof“irregardless”formalbutincorrect.D．Peoplearestillnotencouragedtouse“irregardless”informalwriting.26．WhatistheattitudeofMcIntyretotheappearanceof“irregardless”inMerriam-Websterdictionary?A．Favorable. B．Conservative.C．Indifferent. D．Ambiguous.27．Whatcanbethebesttitleforthepassage?A．“Irregardless”IsFrequentlyUsedinFormalWritingB．“Irregardless”Shouldn’tBeIncludedintheDictionaryC．RegardlessofWhatYouThink,“Irregardless”IsaWordD．ExpertsCan’tAgreeontheMeaningof“Irregardless”（2020·廣東·翠園中學(xué)高一期中）HaveyoueverconsideredalltheEnglishexpressionsthatincludewordsaboutclothes?Let’shavealook.Peoplewearpantstocoverthelowerpartoftheirbodies.Wesometimessaythatpeoplewhoarenervoushaveants(螞蟻)intheirpants.Sometimes,peoplemaygetcaughtwiththeirpantsdown.Theyarefounddoingsomethingtheyshouldnotbedoing.And,ineveryfamily,onepersontakescontrol.Sometimesawifetellsherhusbandwhattodo.Thenwesayshewearsthepantsinthefamily.Pantsusuallyhavepocketstoholdthings.Moneythatislikelytobespentquicklycanburnaholeinyourpocket,Sometimesyouneedabelttoholdupyourpants.Ifyouhavelessmoneythanusual,youmayhavetotightenyourbelt.Ialwayspraisepeoplewhocansavetheirmoneyandnotspendtoomuch.Ireallytakemyhatofftothem.Yet,whenitcomestomyownmoney,Ispenditatthedropofahat,whichmeansIinstantlyspendit.Bootsareaheavyorstrongkindofshoes.Peoplewhoaretoobigfortheirbootsthinktheyaremoreimportantthantheyreallyare.Idislikesuchpeople.Myfatherisanimportantperson.Herunsabigcompany.Hewearsasuitandtie,andashirt,withsleeves(衣袖)thatcoverhisarms.Somepeoplewhodonotknowhimwellthinkheistooseriousandnevershowshisfeelingsopenly.ButIknowthatmyfatherwearshisheartonhissleeve.28．Whichofthefollowingexpressionscanshowsomeoneisnervous?A．Getcaughtwithone’spantsdown.B．Haveantsinone’spants.C．Wearthepantsinthefamily.D．Burnaholeinone’spocket.29．Itwesaysomeonehastotightenhisbelt,whatdoweprobablymean?A．Wemeanhehasdonesomethingwrong.B．Wemean,heusedtolivearichlife.C．Wemeanhehas,putonthewrongpants.D．Wemeanheisshortofmoney.30．Whomostprobablyspendshismoneyatthedropofahat?A．Someonewhodoesn’tsavemoney.B．Someonewhoearnsmuchmoney.C．Someonewhoneverwasteshismoney.D．Someonewhospendsmorethanheearns.31．Whatcanweinferabouttheauthor'sfatherfromthelastparagraph?A．Hegetsangryeasily.B．Helooksveryserious.C．Heshowshisfeelingsopenly.D．Heoftenwearsasuitandtie.（2022·貴州·凱里一中高一開(kāi)學(xué)考試）Englishisthemostwidelyspokenlanguageintheworld.Andoftheroughly1.5billionspeakersglobally,thevastmajorityspeakitasasecondlanguage.Sowherearetheworld’sbestnon-nativeEnglishspeakers?AccordingtoanewreportbyEFEducationFirst,aninternationaleducationcompany,NorthernEuropeansarethemostfluent.MiddleEasternersaretheleastproficient(精通的).Theindex(指數(shù))isbasedontheresultsofafreeonlinetesttakenby2.3millionvolunteersin100countries.Nearlysixintenofthisyear’stest-takerswerefemale.Womenhavealwaysperformedbetterthanmen,butthisyearmenclosedthegapsomewhat.InEurope,thepowerhouseeconomiesperformsurprisinglybadly:onlyGermanymakesthetopplaceof“veryhighproficiency”countries.Franceisnext,whileSpainandItalyarecontinuouslyfallingbehind.AstudybyaSpanishresearchinstitutereportedthebadnews:60%ofadultssaytheyspeaknoEnglishatall.ThefactthatSpanishisagloballanguageinitsownright(thelanguagedeclares400millionnativespeakers)isprobablythecause.IfyouspeakDanish,youneedanotherlanguagetotakepartinglobalculture;speakingFrenchorSpanish(orArabic)meanshundredsofmillionsofpeopletotalktowithoutEnglish.Asiaistheregionofgreatestdiversity(多樣性).OnlySingaporemakesthetoplevel,butthePhilippines,Malaysia,andIndiaarenotfarbehind.Chinaisfurtherbackbutstillinthesecondlevel,afewplacesaheadofJapan.StrugglinginthebottomplacesareagroupofSouth-EastandCentralAsiancountrieslikeCambodiaandKyrgyzstan.Thisrelateswithanotherfactor:thecompanyrepeatedlyfindsthatEnglishskillsarehighlyrelatedwithconnectionsandopennesstotherestoftheworld.32．Whichisthebesttitleforthetext?A．Wherearetheworld’smostnon-nativeEnglishspeakers?B．Wherearethefewestnon-nativeEnglishspeakers?C．Wherearetheworld’sbestnon-nativeEnglishspeakers?D．Wherearethelastnon-nativeEnglishspeakers?33．Whatcanweknowabouttheonlinetest?A．Halfofthisyear’stest-takerswerefemale.B．Nearly1.38millionofthisyear’stest-takerswerefemale.C．Womenandmenequallyperformedthisyear.D．Thegapbetweenfemaleandmaleisgettingcloseyearbyyear.34．Why60%ofSpanishadultssaytheyspeaknoEnglishatall?A．Spanishisagloballanguageitself. B．400millionSpanishspeakEnglish.C．Spanishiseasytounderstand. D．Englishfailstoattractthem.35．Whatcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraph?A．Asiaistheregionwiththebestnon-nativeEnglishspeakers.B．Chinaisthesecondplacewiththebestnon-nativeEnglishspeakers.C．CountriesinSouth-EastandCentralAsianarelessopeninAsia.D．CountriesinSouth-WestandCentralAsianlineinthebottomplaces.參考答案：1．B2．A3．B4．C5．C【解析】【分析】本文為記敘文。本文講述了有關(guān)俗語(yǔ)“askeletoninthecloset”的一件家庭趣事。1．詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)第一段母親所說(shuō)的話(huà)it’ssomethingthatyouwouldrathernothaveanyoneelsetoknowabout可知，它是一件你不希望其他人所知道的事情，故選B。2．細(xì)節(jié)理解解。根據(jù)第二段中Yes,butpeoplethesedayssaythatyouarenotarealAustralianunlessyourancestorsarrivedasprisoners.可知，如今的人們說(shuō)如果你的祖先不是以囚犯的身份到達(dá)澳大利亞的話(huà)，那么你就不是一個(gè)真正的澳大利亞人。說(shuō)明澳大利亞的祖先是囚犯。故選A。3．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段中Justassheopenedthedoorandreachedintohangaskirt,abonyarmstuckoutfromthedarkdepthsandabundleofwhitebonesfelltothefloor.(正當(dāng)她打開(kāi)門(mén)伸進(jìn)手去掛短裙的時(shí)候，一只骨頭胳膊從暗處伸出來(lái)然后一堆骨頭摔倒了地板上。)可知，媽媽?xiě)?yīng)該是被嚇暈的。故選B。4．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段中Ibroughtithometohelpmewithmyhealthproject.可知，Jessica把骨頭帶回家是因?yàn)樗霉穷^做健康課題，故選C。5．推理判斷題。結(jié)合全文理解，開(kāi)頭講述了Jessica的一個(gè)提問(wèn)“Mum,whatdoesitmeanwhensomeonetellsyouthattheyhaveaskeleton(骨骼)inthecloset（衣櫥）?”引出了父母之間的爭(zhēng)論，之后媽媽被孩子藏在衣櫥中的用來(lái)完成學(xué)校課題的骷髏嚇暈過(guò)去，最后Jessica解釋時(shí)說(shuō)，“Imeanttotellyou,butitseemedthatassoonasImentionedskeletonsandclosets,itcausedaproblembetweenyouandDad.”即本想告訴媽媽衣櫥里的骷髏的情況，可是每當(dāng)提到骷髏和衣櫥的問(wèn)題后卻總會(huì)讓父母之間有摩擦，然而最后真相大白，Jessica的父母都意識(shí)到了這是一個(gè)誤會(huì)，故而狂笑。故選C。6．B7．C8．B9．C【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章講述了隨著社會(huì)的發(fā)展人類(lèi)語(yǔ)言越來(lái)越少及其原因。6．推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第一段中的Whentheworldwasstillpopulatedbyhunter-gatherers,small,tightlyknit(聯(lián)系)groupsdevelopedtheirownpatternsofspeechindependentofeachother...whentheworldhadjustfivetotenmillionpeople,theyspokeperhaps12,000languagesbetweenthem.可知，當(dāng)世界以依靠狩獵為生的人組成的時(shí)候，小而聯(lián)系緊密的群落形成了他們彼此之間獨(dú)立的講話(huà)模式……當(dāng)世界上的人口數(shù)量不到一千萬(wàn)時(shí)，語(yǔ)言種類(lèi)達(dá)到了12,000種。由此推知，當(dāng)時(shí)的語(yǔ)言種類(lèi)很多。故選B。7．猜測(cè)詞義題。根據(jù)文章第二段中的dominantlanguagessuchasEnglish,SpanishandChineseareincreasinglytakingover.可知，英語(yǔ)、西班牙語(yǔ)和漢語(yǔ)正在快速替代其他語(yǔ)言。由此推知dominantlanguages意為“強(qiáng)有力的語(yǔ)言”。故選C。8．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第三段中的Atpresent,theworldhasabout6,800languages.和Themediannumber(中位數(shù))ofspeakersisamere6,000,whichmeansthathalftheworld’slanguagesarespokenbyfewerpeoplethanthat.可知，目前世界上大約有6800種語(yǔ)言，但是講的人數(shù)少于6000人的占一半即3400。故選B。9．主旨要義題。根據(jù)文章第一段中的主題句Languageshavebeencomingandgoingforthousandsofyears,butinrecenttimestherehasbeenlesscomingandalotmoregoing.可知，語(yǔ)言的產(chǎn)生和消失進(jìn)行了幾千年，但最近語(yǔ)言產(chǎn)生的少，消失的太多。故選C。點(diǎn)睛：長(zhǎng)難句解讀Inrecentcenturies,trade,industrialisation,thedevelopmentofthenation-stateandthespreadofuniversalcompulsoryeducation,especiallyglobalisationandbettercommunicationsinthepastfewdecades,allhavecausedmanylanguagestodisappear,anddominantlanguagessuchasEnglish,SpanishandChineseareincreasinglytakingover.分析：dominant前的and連接兩個(gè)并列句，all和前面的名詞短語(yǔ)trade,industrialisation,thedevelopmentofthenation-stateandthespreadofuniversalcompulsoryeducation,especiallyglobalisationandbettercommunications是同位語(yǔ)。句意：在最近的幾個(gè)世紀(jì)，貿(mào)易、工業(yè)化、民族國(guó)家的發(fā)展和全球義務(wù)教育的普及，尤其是過(guò)去幾十年來(lái)，全球化和更好的交流，這些都導(dǎo)致許多語(yǔ)言消失。而且像英語(yǔ)、西班牙語(yǔ)和漢語(yǔ)等主流語(yǔ)言正日益占據(jù)主導(dǎo)地位。10．B11．A12．B13．A【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇夾敘夾議文。在美國(guó)，當(dāng)一個(gè)人變得富有，他想讓人們知道。即使他不會(huì)變得非常富有，他希望人們認(rèn)為他是富有的，這就是“跟上瓊斯（攀比）”現(xiàn)象。文章介紹了這個(gè)短語(yǔ)背后的故事和帶來(lái)的啟示。10．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中“IntheUnitedStates,whenonebecomesrich,hewantspeopletoknowit.Andevenifhedoesnotbecomeveryrich,hewantspeopletothinkthatheis.Thatiswhat“keepingupwiththeJoneses”isabout.(在美國(guó)，當(dāng)一個(gè)人變得富有，他想讓人們知道。即使他不會(huì)變得非常富有，他希望人們認(rèn)為他是富有的。這種情況就是“跟上瓊斯”)”可知，一些人想要跟上“瓊斯”，是因?yàn)樗麄兿胱寗e人知道或認(rèn)為他們很富有。故選B。11．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段中“HegotmarriedandmovedwithhiswifetoaverywealthyneighborhoodoutsideNewYorkCity.(他結(jié)了婚，和妻子搬到了紐約郊外一個(gè)非常富裕的社區(qū))”可推知，富人都喜歡住在紐約郊外。故選A。12．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段中“Hecalledit“KeepingupwiththeJoneses”because“Jones”isaverycommonnameintheUnitedStates.(他把他的系列故事叫做“跟上瓊斯”，因?yàn)椤碍偹埂痹诿绹?guó)是一個(gè)非常常見(jiàn)的名詞)”可知，這么命名是因?yàn)椤碍偹埂边@個(gè)名字在美國(guó)很常見(jiàn)。故選B。13．推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中“ButonemustgettiredoftryingtokeepupwiththeJonesesbecausenomatterwhatonedoes,Mr.Jonesalwaysseemstobeahead.(但一個(gè)人一定對(duì)“跟上瓊斯”感到厭煩，因?yàn)闊o(wú)論一個(gè)人做什么，瓊斯先生似乎總是領(lǐng)先)”可知，作者認(rèn)為追上“瓊斯”是不可能的，即持消極態(tài)度。故選A。14．C15．B16．D【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章主要介紹了一個(gè)英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)的網(wǎng)站。14．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第一段“ThissiteprovidesalargecollectionofEnglishasaSecondLanguage(ESL)tools&resourcesforstudents,teachers,learnersandacademics.(這個(gè)網(wǎng)站為學(xué)生、教師、學(xué)習(xí)者和學(xué)者提供了大量的英語(yǔ)作為第二語(yǔ)言(ESL)的工具和資源。)”可知，該網(wǎng)站針對(duì)教師、學(xué)生和學(xué)者，除了商人。故選C。15．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段“Thisfigureisevergrowing.Itisthelanguageofglobalization.It'sthelanguageofinternationalbusinessandpolitics.Itistheprimarylanguageusedformostcom