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IRENA’SENERGYTRANSITIONSUPPORTTOSTRENGTHENCLIMATEACTION

INSIGHT TO IMPACT

?IRENA2021

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Citation:IRENA(2021),IRENA'sEnergyTransitionSupporttoStrengthenClimateAction,InternationalRenewableEnergyAgency,AbuDhabi.

ISBN:978-92-9260-365-6

AboutIRENA

TheInternationalRenewableEnergyAgency(IRENA)isanintergovernmentalorganisationthatsupportscountriesintheirtransitiontoasustainableenergyfutureandservesastheprincipalplatformforinternationalco-operation,acentreofexcellence,andarepositoryofpolicy,technology,resourceandfinancialknowledgeonrenewableenergy.IRENApromotesthewidespreadadoptionandsustainableuseofallformsofrenewableenergy,includingbioenergy,geothermal,hydropower,ocean,solarandwindenergy,inthepursuitofsustainabledevelopment,energyaccess,energysecurityandlow-carbon

economicgrowthandprosperity.

Acknowledgements

ThisreportwasauthoredbyKamranSiddiqui,ReemKorbanandMargaretSuh,underthesupervisionofBinuParthanandGurbuzGonul.ThereportalsobenefitedfromvaluableinputsandcommentsfromIRENAcolleaguesandmembersofNDCtaskforce:ArvydasLebedys,SimonBenmarraze,PaulaNardone,JosefineAxelsson,ClaireKiss,FaranRanaJenniferIfeanyi-Okoro,OmarMarzouk,InêsJacob,ArjunGuha(ex-IRENA),andCostanzaStrinati(ex-IRENA).

Forfurtherinformationortoprovidefeedback:publications@

Thisreportisavailablefordownload:/publications

Disclaimer

Thedesignationsemployedandthepresentationofmaterialsfeaturedhereinareprovidedonan“asis”basis,forinformationalpurposesonly,withoutanyconditions,warrantiesorundertakings,eitherexpressorimplied,fromIRENA,itsofficialsandagents,includingbutnotlimitedtowarrantiesofaccuracy,completenessandfitnessforaparticularpurposeoruseofsuchcontent.

TheinformationcontainedhereindoesnotnecessarilyrepresenttheviewsofallMembersofIRENA,norisitanendorsementofanyproject,productorserviceprovider.ThedesignationsemployedandthepresentationofmaterialhereindonotimplytheexpressionofanyopiniononthepartofIRENAconcerningthelegalstatusofanyregion,country,territory,cityorareaorofitsauthorities,orconcerningthedelimitationoffrontiersorboundaries.

Coverphoto:Purd77?Shutterstock

CONTENTS

Figuresandtables....................5

Abbreviations.......................6

Executivesummary...................7

Energytransitionasakeydriver

forclimateaction....................9

IRENA’ssupportforclimateaction:

Initiative...........................12

IRENA’ssupportforclimateaction:

Impacttodate.....................17

Africa

!!!"countries#"$%"work"packages...............................&'

Asia"and"the"Pacific

!!$"countries#"$("work"packages..................!)

Europe

!*"countries#"&+"work"packages...............................!,

Latin"America"and"the"Caribbean!!&"countries#"+!"work"packages......!'

Realisingtheambitions...............31

ANNEX............................32

3

IRENA'SENERGYTRANSITIONSUPPORTTOSTRENGTHENCLIMATEACTION

ANNEX

Afghanistan..................................

$$

Mali........................................

.'*

Albania......................................

$,

Mauritius...................................

.''

Antigua"and"Barbuda.........................

$+

Mongolia...................................

.'(

Bahamas....................................

$'

Morocco....................................

.'%

Barbados....................................

$(

Mozambique................................

.()

Belarus......................................

$%

Nauru......................................

.(&

Belize.......................................

,)

Nepal......................................

.(!

Benin.......................................

,!

Nicaragua..................................

.($

Bhutan......................................

,$

Niger.......................................

.(,

Bosnia"and"Herzegovina.......................

,,

Nigeria.....................................

.(+

Botswana....................................

,+

North"Macedonia............................

.(*

Burkina"Faso.................................

,*

Pakistan....................................

.('

Cambodia...................................

,'

Palau.......................................

.((

Cameroon...................................

,(

Panama....................................

.(%

Chad........................................

,%

Papua"New"Guinea..........................

.%)

Colombia....................................

+)

Paraguay...................................

.%&

Cuba........................................

+&

Peru.......................................

.%!

Dominica....................................

+!

Rwanda....................................

.%$

Dominican"Republic..........................

+$

Saint"Kitts"and"Nevis.........................

.%,

Ecuador.....................................

++

Saint"Lucia..................................

.%+

Egypt.......................................

+'

Saint"Vincent"and"the"Grenadines

.............

.%*

El"Salvador..................................

+(

S?o"Tomé"and"Príncipe"......................

.%'

Eswatini.....................................

*)

Seychelles..................................

.%(

Fiji..........................................

*&

South"Africa................................

.%%

Gabon.......................................

*!

Sudan......................................

&))

The"

Gambia..................................

*$

Thailand....................................

&)&

Georgia.....................................

*,

Tonga......................................

&)!

Grenada.....................................

*+

Trinidad"and"Tobago"........................

&)$

Guyana......................................

*'

Turkey......................................

&),

Indonesia....................................

*(

Uganda....................................

&)+

Jordan......................................

*%

United"Arab"Emirates........................

&)*

Kazakhstan..................................

')

Uruguay....................................

&)'

Kyrgyzstan..................................

'&

Uzbekistan.................................

&)(

Lao"People’s"Democratic"Republic..............

'$

Vanuatu

"...................................

&)%

Lebanon.....................................

',

Zambia.....................................

&&)

Liberia......................................

'+

Zimbabwe..................................

&&&

4

IRENA'SENERGYTRANSITIONSUPPORTTOSTRENGTHENCLIMATEACTION

FIGURES

Figure"#Distribution"of"IRENA"work"packages"(-)............................................'

Figure"$Total"NDCs"submitted"to"the"UNFCCC..............................................%

Figure"%Sectors"in"updated"NDCs"submitted"to"the"UNFCCC.................................&)

Figure"&Energy"in"updated"NDCs"submitted"to"the"UNFCCC.................................&&

Figure"'Emission"abatement"with"a"&.+/C"pathway.........................................&&

Figure"(IRENA0s"engagement"with"Parties"to"the"Paris"Agreement...........................&$

Figure")Distribution"of"IRENA’s"work"packages.............................................&+

Figure"*Distribution"of"the"sources"of"IRENA"support"requests...............................&*

Figure"+Distribution"of"IRENA’s"work"packages"in"Africa.....................................&(

Figure"#,Distribution"of"IRENA’s"work"packages"in"Asia"and"the"Pacific........................!&

Figure"##Distribution"of"IRENA’s"work"packages"in"Europe...................................!+

Figure"#$Distribution"of"IRENA’s"work"packages"in"Latin"America"and"the"Caribbean................!(

TABLES

Table"#

IRENA"engagement"across"different"UNFCCC"regional"groupings......................

(

Table"$

IRENA’s"main"categories"of"work"packages.........................................

&,

5

IRENA'SENERGYTRANSITIONSUPPORTTOSTRENGTHENCLIMATEACTION

ABBREVIATIONS

AOSIS AllianceofSmallIslandStates

AVRIL Addressingvariablerenewablesinlong-termplanning

CAEP ClimateActionEnhancementPackage

CIP ClimateInvestmentPlatform

CO2e Carbondioxideequivalent

COP26 Twenty-sixthmeetingoftheConferenceofPartiestotheUNFCCC

ETF EnhancedTransparencyFramework

EU EuropeanUnion

EUTAF EuropeanUnion’sTechnicalAssistanceFacility(EUTAF)

GHG Greenhousegas

GCF GreenClimateFund

ICTU Information,clarity,transparencyandunderstanding

IRENA InternationalRenewableEnergyAgency

LDC LeastDevelopedCountries

LLDC LandlockedDevelopingCountries

LTLEDS Long-term,lowgreenhousegasemissiondevelopmentstrategy

LTS Long-termstrategy

MRV Monitoring,ReportingandVerification

NDC NationallyDeterminedContribution

NDCP NDCPartnership

PV Photovoltaic

RCC RegionalCollaborationCentre

REmap Renewableenergyroadmap

REO Renewableenergyoutlook

SIDS SmallIslandDevelopingStates

SPLAT Systemplanningtest

UNDP UnitedNationsDevelopmentProgramme

UNFCCC UnitedNationsFrameworkConventiononClimateChange

WETO WorldEnergyTransitionOutlook

6

IRENA'SENERGYTRANSITIONSUPPORTTOSTRENGTHENCLIMATEACTION

EXECUTIVESUMMARY

IRENAhasbeenengagingwith72Partiesofthe2015ParisAgreementtosupporttheireffortstoenhancetheirclimatepledgesandimplementtheexistingclimateactionplanthroughtheenergytransition.Thisengagementcoversatotalpopulationofaround1.8billionpeoplewithacarbonfootprintof3.2billiontonnesofcarbondioxideequivalent.

72

22

20

18

COUNTRIES

SIDS

LLDCs

LDCs

IRENAhasavastbodyofknowledgeandexpertiseindifferentfacetsoftheenergytransitionand,uponrequest,providesPartieswithsubstantiveinputforenhancingandimplementingtheirNationallyDeterminedContributions(NDCs)towardsreducingemissionsundertheParisAgreement.IRENA’sdedicatedworkpackagesofferauniqueopportunitytocountriesastheyupdatetheirenergytransitiontargetsandimplementationplans(Figure1),andtheagencyalsosupportscountriesinimplementingprojectsontheground.

Figure1DistributionofIRENAworkpackages(%)

3%Power!system!flexibility

3%Renewable!energy!roadmap

5%Long-term!energy!planning

22%Data!and!statistics

6%Project!facilitation!and!enabling!frameworks

6%Renewable!readiness!assessment

8%Policy!and!finance!advice

16%Climate!technology!and!infrastructure

8%Resource!assessment

11%Review!of!NDCs!and!other!national!plans"!etc# 12%Monitoring"!reporting!and!verification!(MRV)

7

IRENA'SENERGYTRANSITIONSUPPORTTOSTRENGTHENCLIMATEACTION

IRENA’soutreachspansallcontinents,engagingwithPartiesfromnearlyalloftheregionalgroupingsoftheUnitedNationsFrameworkConventiononClimateChange(UNFCCC)(Table1).BasedontheneedsofParties,IRENAofferssupportacrossallfacetsoftheenergytransitiondrivenbyrenewableenergytechnologies.

Table1IRENAengagementacrossdifferentUNFCCCregionalgroupings

UNFCCCregionalgrouping

Numberofpartiesengaged

Numberofworkpackages

Africa

22

39

AsiaandthePacific

23

38

Europe(mainlyEasternEurope)

6

15

LatinAmericaandtheCaribbean

21

52

TOTAL

72

144

IRENAleveragesitsnear-universalmembershiptoengagewithPartiestotheParisAgreementandoffersupportonclimateaction.Thissupportinitiativeisstrengthenedthroughtheagency’sinstitutionalpartnershipswithseveralotherdevelopmentpartnersandagencies.

Astheleadinter-governmentalagencyontheenergytransition,IRENAwillcontinuetoengagewiththePartiestotheParisAgreementandsupporttheminimplementingtheirclimateactionplansthroughgreaterdeploymentofrenewablesanddecarbonisationtechnologies.IRENAwillextenditssupporttoPartiesinsettinguptheirlong-termstrategies(LTS)throughanalyticalworkandcapacitybuilding.TheagencywillalsosupportPartiesinprojectfacilitationanddevelopmentthroughmobilisingfinance,engaginginmatchmakingandenhancingcapacityonprojectdevelopment.

"Climatechangeisanexistentialthreatandthereisaneedtotakeappropriateandtimelyactionstomitigateandadapttotheimpactsofthechange...Energysectorremainsthemostimportantsectorthatcanbetransformedthroughacceleratedadoption

ofrenewableenergy.IRENAasaleadintergovernmentalagencyonenergytransitionissupportingseveralG77membercountriesachievingmitigationcommitmentsthroughrenewableenergy."

H!E!"MR!"AHMADOU"SEBORY"TOURE#"REPUBLIC"OF"GUINEA#"PRESIDENT"OF"G$$"&"CHINA

8

IRENA'SENERGYTRANSITIONSUPPORTTOSTRENGTHENCLIMATEACTION

ENERGYTRANSITION

ASAKEYDRIVER

FORCLIMATEACTION

PartiestotheParisAgreementoftheUnitedNationsFrameworkConventiononClimateChange(UNFCCC)areincreasinglyupdatingandenhancingtheirclimatepledgestowardsreducinggreenhousegasemissionstomitigateclimatechange.ThecurrentroundofNationallyDeterminedContributions(NDCs),updatedpriortothe26thConferenceofthePartiestotheUNFCCC(COP26),willdefinethepathwaythattheworldwilltaketowardsenhancedclimateactionandnetzeroemissions.

Theanalysisofthetotal194NDCssubmittedbyPartiesoftheParisAgreement,includingEritreaandIraq,showsthat124neworupdatedNDCshavebeensubmittedtoUNFCCC,asof02November20211(Figure2).

Figure2TotalNDCssubmittedtotheUNFCCC

"!!

193

194

&%!

&$!

124

&#!

&"!

&!!

%!

$!

13

"!

#!

!

Total'parties'to

Total'NDCs

First'NDC

Second

Paris'Agreement

submitted

(updated)

NDCs

Source:UNFCCCNDCRegistry(by02November2021)

1!UNFCCCNDCSynthesisReport(update),November2021.

9

IRENA'SENERGYTRANSITIONSUPPORTTOSTRENGTHENCLIMATEACTION

TheNDCSynthesisReportreleasedbyUNFCCCpresentsanoverviewofcumulativeclimatepledgesintheNDCssubmittedtoUNFCCC.ThereportprojectsthatifallNDCsareimplemented,thetotalglobalgreenhousegasemissionsin2030wouldrangefrom50.8gigatonnesto56.9gigatonnesofCO1equivalent.Thiswouldresultinemissionlevelsthatarearound59%2higherthan1990levels,13.7%higherthan2010levelsand5%higherthan2019levels2.ToachievetheParisAgreementgoaloflimitingtheriseinglobalmeantemperatureto1.52degrees2Celsius,emissionswouldneedtobereducedbyaround45%fromthe2010levelby2030,withtheaimofreachingnetzeroemissionsby2050.

Transitioningtoalow-carbonenergysectorremainskeytoclimateneutralityandtomitigatingclimatechange.Theenergysectorcurrentlycontributesmorethantwo-thirdsoftotalglobalgreenhousegasemissions,andsignificanteffortsareneededtoreducethesector’scarbonfootprintandtoachievecarbonneutralitybymid-century.AnalysisofthelatestNDCsubmissionsindicatesthatalloftheNDCssubmittedbyPartiesmentiontheenergysectorasakeyareaforclimateaction(Figure3).

Figure3SectorsinupdatedNDCssubmittedtotheUNFCCC

IPPU70%

Waste77%

!in!NDCs

LULUCF

80%

Sectors

Agriculture

81%

Energy100%

Note:IPPU=Industrialprocessesandproductuse;LULUCF=Landuse,land-usechangeandforestry

Source:UNFCCCNDCSynthesisReport,October2021

Renewableenergyremainsakeyoptionforachievingenergysectorclimategoals.IRENAanalysisoftotalsubmittedNDCsfoundoutthatoutoftotal194NDCssubmittedtoUNFCCC,143partiesmentionedquantifiedrenewableenergytargetsintheirNDCs.Thisincludes109NDCswithquantifiedrenewableenergybasedpowertargets.Partieshavealsobeenconsideringrenewableenergytodeployinend-usesectors.31NDCsmentionedquantifiedrenewableenergytargetsfordirectheatand/ortransportsector,while10partieshaveenergysector-widequantifiedrenewableenergytargetsintheirNDCs.

2!UNFCCCNDCSynthesisReport,September2021

10

IRENA'SENERGYTRANSITIONSUPPORTTOSTRENGTHENCLIMATEACTION

Figure4EnergyinupdatedNDCssubmittedtotheUNFCCC

$!!

194

#"!

109

#!!

53

58

44

"!

39

13

2

10

4

14

2

2

0

35

3

2

1

34

21

4

3

31

10

!

Africa

Asia

East

West%Europe

Latin%America

Grand%Total

and%the%Pacific

Europe

and%other%States

and%the%Caribbean

NumberofPartieshavingsubmittedNDCs

NumberofPartieswithquantifiedrenewablepowertargetsintheirNDCs

NumberofPartieswithquantifiedrenewableenergytargetsfordirecthearand/ortransportintheirNDCsNumberofPartieswithquantifiedenergysector-wideREtargetsintheirNDCs

Source:IRENAanalysis(by28Oct2021)

IRENA’sWorldEnergyTransitionOutlook(WETO),releasedinearly2021,presentsaclearpathwayfortheworldtoensureenergysupplythroughcleanerandmoresustainableenergygenerationoptions.Theoutlookpresentstechnologicalavenuestoachieveclimatetargets,withafocusonrenewablesforpowerandenduses,energyconservationandenergyefficiency,theelectrificationofend-usesectorswithrenewables,hydrogenanditsderivatives,carboncaptureandstorage,carboncaptureandutilisation,andadvancedbioenergy(Figure5).

Figure5Emissionabatementwitha1.5°Cpathway

Renewables

Electrification!of

CCS!and!CCU

(power!and!end!uses)

end-use!sectors!(direct)

industry

25%

20%

6%

Energy!conservation

Hydrogen!and

BECCS

and!e"cency

its!derivatives

and!others

25%

10%

14%

Note:CCS=carboncaptureandstorage;CCUS=carboncapture,utilisationandstorage;BECCS=bioenergywithcarboncaptureandstorage

Source:IRENAWorldEnergyTransitionsOutlook2021

RespondingtorequestsfromIRENA’smembership,andinlinewiththerecommendationsmadeintheWETO,IRENAoffersdedicatedsupporttoitsmembersthatarePartiestotheParisAgreement.Thisassistanceincludeshelpingmembercountriesenhancetheirambitionsformitigatingemissionsintheenergysector–asoutlinedintheNDCsandinthelong-termstrategies(LTS)–andsupportingimplementationofmembers’mitigationcommitments.

11

IRENA'SENERGYTRANSITIONSUPPORTTOSTRENGTHENCLIMATEACTION

IRENA’SSUPPORT

FORCLIMATEACTION:

INITIATIVE

IRENA’smembershiphasshownincreasedinterestinengagingwiththeagencytoreceivetargetedsupportforclimateactiontoenhancetheirNDCsandsupportimplementation.ThecurrentfootprintofIRENAcoversallregionsoftheworld,withtheagencyofferingsupporttomembercountriesinAfrica,AsiaandthePacific,LatinAmericaandtheCaribbean,andEurope(Figure6).

72 1.8billion 3.2billion 144

COUNTRIES PEOPLE TONNES!OF!CO" WORK-PACKAGES

EQUIVALENT

Cameris?Shutterstock

12

IRENA'SENERGYTRANSITIONSUPPORTTOSTRENGTHENCLIMATEACTION

Figure6IRENA'sengagementwithPartiestotheParisAgreement

21

AsiaandthePacific

6

Bhutan

Jordan

Mongolia

Afghanistan

Europe

Vanuatu

Fiji

Kazakstan

Cambodia

Lebanon

Kyrgyzstan

Indonesia

NorthMacedonia

Albania

Georgia

Nepal

Palau

Lao

Belarus

PapuaNewGuinea

Tonga

Nauru

BosniaandHerzegovina

UnitedArabEmirates

Uzbekistan

Pakistan

Turkey

Thailand

1

4

1

6

6

2

7

26 InputtoNDCalreadyprovided

25 ImplementationofSupport

6 Workplandevelopment

15 Scoping

21

LatinAmericaandtheCaribbean

AntiguaandBarbuda

Colombia

Bahamas

Belize

Dominica

Barbados

Cuba

Ecuador

Guyana

DominicanRepublic

Nicaragua

Panama

ElSalvador

SaintLucia

Peru

Grenada

SaintVincent

TrinidadandTobago

Paraguay

andtheGrenadines

SaintKittsandNevis

Uruguay

8

7

6

24

Africa

Eswatini

Benin

Chad

Morocco

Gabon

Botswana

Egypt

SouthAfrica

TheGambia

BurkinaFaso

Rwanda

Liberia

Cameroon

Mali

Mauritius

Niger

Mozambique

Nigeria

S?oToméandPríncipe

Seychelles

Uganda

Sudan

Zambia

Zimbabwe

11

8

3

2

13

Disclaimer:Thismapisprovidedforillustrationpurposesonly.BoundariesandnamesshownonthismapdonotimplyanyofficialendorsementoracceptancebyIRENA.

IRENA'SENERGYTRANSITIONSUPPORTTOSTRENGTHENCLIMATEACTION

IRENA’sengagementwithPartiestotheParisAgreementisbasedonvariousworkpackagesthatreflecttheagency’svastbodyofknowledgeandexpertiseondifferentfacetsoftheenergytransition(Table2).TheseworkpackagescanprovidesubstantiveinputtoNDCenhancementandimplementationaswellasofferingmembercountriessupportinupdatingtheirrenewableenergytargetsanddevelopment.

Table2IRENA’smaincategoriesofworkpackages

Category

Description

Data"and"statistics

Repositoryofstatisticsonrenewableenergycapacity,generation,

energybalances,financeandinvestments,andcosts.

Assistingcountriesindevelopingandimplementingmitigationand

adaptationmeasurestoenhanceNDCs,strengthenNDCimplementation

Climate"technology

plans,andadvanceLT-LEDSthroughtheassessmentoftheperformance,

and"infrastructure

mitigationpotential,associatedcosts,andadaptationco-benefitsof

renewableenergytechnologiesandassociatedinfrastructureinthe

power,transport,buildingsandindustrysub-sectors.

Monitoring-"reporting

Technicalassistanceandcapacitybuildingoncollecting,analysing,

and"verification"(MRV)

recordingandreportingdetailedandaccuratedata.

Siteassessment,suitabilityassessment,zoningassessment,SolarCity

Resource"assessment

simulatoraswellascapa