汽輪機(jī)運(yùn)行原理課件

海南金海漿紙業(yè)有限公司HAINAN

JINHAI

PULP&PAPER

CO.LTD汽輪機(jī)運(yùn)行原理Turbine

FundamentalPREPARED

BYCHEN

YONG氣輪機(jī)結(jié)構(gòu)

Turbinestructure汽缸體Cylinder

body轉(zhuǎn)子

Rotor前后軸承Bearing葉輪Impeller軸封系統(tǒng)Sealing

system控制閥等Control

valves.etcTurbine&generatorgeneratorTurbineCondenseroil

coolerBall

strainerVacuum氣輪機(jī)工作原理The

turbine

Fundamental

原理：具有一定壓力、溫度的蒸汽經(jīng)過氣輪機(jī)噴嘴并在噴嘴內(nèi)膨脹獲得很高的速度，高速的蒸汽流經(jīng)氣輪機(jī)上的動葉片做功，從而帶動氣輪機(jī)轉(zhuǎn)子按一定均勻的速度轉(zhuǎn)動。氣輪機(jī)轉(zhuǎn)子與發(fā)電機(jī)轉(zhuǎn)子用連軸器，當(dāng)氣輪機(jī)轉(zhuǎn)子以一定速度均勻轉(zhuǎn)動時，發(fā)電機(jī)的轉(zhuǎn)子也跟著轉(zhuǎn)動，由于電磁感應(yīng)的作用，發(fā)電機(jī)定子線圈中產(chǎn)生電流，通過變配電設(shè)備向用戶供電。能量轉(zhuǎn)換形式The

energy

conversion

form蒸汽熱能汽流動能電能機(jī)械能技術(shù)參數(shù)（一）technical

data汽輪機(jī)Turbine：轉(zhuǎn)向（汽輪機(jī)—發(fā)電機(jī)）turning轉(zhuǎn)速

speed跳車轉(zhuǎn)速trip

speedclockwise3000

rpm3300rpm45

rpm盤車轉(zhuǎn)速turning

bearing

speed第一臨界速度1st

critical

speed第二臨界速度2nd

critical

speed1100rpm2200rpm發(fā)電機(jī)最大輸出功率generator

power

output:Maximum

Continous

Rating（MCR）120MW技術(shù)參數(shù)（二）

technical

data蒸汽系統(tǒng)Steam

system（Normal）高壓入口壓力bar溫度℃流量kg/s熱焓kJ/kgHp

inlet80.5475202.113336.3中壓抽汽MP

bleeding1522033.332850.2低壓抽汽LP

extraction7170126.752779.2尾氣排放Exhaust0.13144243.72353.4LSCVBLCV

/BLEEDINGBLOCKECVCOND.變電設(shè)備用戶聯(lián)網(wǎng)TurbineGeneratorHP

STEAMMPheaderLp

headerCond.Turbine

Inlet&outletFrom

Lp&Mp

Head

To

UserLPHead(12123.8T)F/L

VE

RB2894.8T

5457.6T

2629TCLO2MB

WT536.6T

575.4T

2.6TNaOH27.8TMPHead(4507.8T)MCF/LVERBSO21MB23RC3041T863T75T258T4T8.4T18.4TNote:Above

all

data

is

use

for

24

hours

onlyPower

output

to

userNAOH299.7RC/LK148MC353WH33.9RB&VE494.8F/L562.8WWT62.5CLO2519.9RWT74.8MB76.1PG88O289.5SERVEPOWER

16.7POWEROUTPUT2823.3UNIT:MWH開車時需要滿足的條件

START-UP

GENERAL

REQUIREMENTS★Electrical

power

supply

in

operation.運(yùn)行時的電源供應(yīng)★All

of

motorize

requirement

ready.要滿足所有的電動要求★Instrument

air

available/in

operation.儀表用氣的供應(yīng)/運(yùn)行★All

of

control

system

in

operation/normal

function所有的控制系統(tǒng)處于運(yùn)行狀態(tài)/正常狀態(tài)開車時需要滿足的條件

START-UP

GENERAL

REQUIREMENTS★潤滑油、頂軸油系統(tǒng)正?！飈ube

oil、jack

oil

system

in

normal★盤車系統(tǒng)、軸封系統(tǒng)正?！颰urning

bearing

system

sealing

system

innormal★冷凝系統(tǒng)以及其他輔助系統(tǒng)正常★condenser

system

and

the

others

auxiliarysystem

in

normal開車系統(tǒng)的程序

START-UP

SYSTEM

SEQUENCECooling

Water

Operation/Circulation. 冷卻水的運(yùn)行/循環(huán)Cooling

Tower

Pump

start.冷卻水塔泵的啟動

Cooling

water

for

Main

Condenser

circulation.主冷凝水的循環(huán)

Cooling

water

for

Oil

Cooler

circulation.油冷凝器冷循環(huán)

Cooling

water

for

Air

Cooler

circulation.空氣冷凝器的循環(huán)Cooling

Tower

Fan

start.冷卻水塔風(fēng)機(jī)的啟動COOLING

WATER

SYSTEMC.

TOWER

BASINMAINCONDENSERC.

TOWER

FANFan

start3

setsMaincondenser

inoperation/circulationPump

start

2

setsAircooler

inoperation

4

setsOilcooler

inoperation

and

theother

one

stand

byAIR

COOLER OIL

COOLER開車系統(tǒng)的程序

START-UP

SYSTEM

SEQUENCEAll

of

Oil

System

in

Operation/Normal

Function 油系統(tǒng)的啟動Lube

Oil

system

operation(AC

Auxiliary

Oil

Pump

start). 潤滑油系統(tǒng)（啟動輔助油泵）。Control

Oil

system

operation(supply

from

AC

Auxiliary

Oil

Pump 控制油系統(tǒng)（來自AC輔助油泵）Oil

vapor

extractor

in

operation.啟動抽油煙機(jī)。Oil

Cooler

in

operation

and

the

other

one

stand

by. 油冷器的啟動，另一個備用。Oil

tank

heater

in

operation

(if

necessary)油加熱器的啟動（如果有必Turning

Gear

Operation盤車的啟動Start

Jacking

oil

pump.頂軸油泵的啟動。Start

Turning

Gear

by

auto

mode

(from

DCS).通過自動模式啟動盤車（DCS）LubeOil

press.>

2

barLubeOil

temp.<

55

oLCube

OilControlvalve(mechanical)5.TurningGearstart3.

OilVaporExtractor

start6.

OilHeaterstart

ifnecessaryMain

OilPumpoperationafter

speed

>2700

rpm4.JackingOi2l.PuAmupxiliarstyarOtilPumpstartDCEmergency

OilPump

in‘AutoMode’1.

OilCoolerinoperationSafetyblock

/Trip

unitEmergency

stopvalve(ESV)Bleeding

block

(BSCV)Extractioncontrolvalve(ECV)Live

steamcontrolvalve(LSCV)Controloil

press.

>8

bar開車程序START-UP

SYSTEM

SEQUENCECondensate

System

Circulation/Operation 冷凝水的循環(huán)

Fill

up

of

Condensate

level

to

normal

level

(400

–

500

mm)

fromwater

line.用補(bǔ)水管中的水將冷凝水的液位加到正常液位(400–500

mm)。

Start

Condensate

pump

(both

DCS

and

Field

is

available)

and

thone

in

priority

selection

(Auto

mode).啟動冷凝水泵（DCS和現(xiàn)場），另一臺在預(yù)選（自動控制）。Start

Gland

Fan(Leak

Steam

Blower). 啟動格蘭風(fēng)扇Condensate

level

control

put

on‘Auto

Mode’ 冷凝水液位控制自動控制。MAINCONDEN-SERLCtoRWTankHPCHAMBERLPCHAMBERSILENCERHHPHeadertoAtmosphereGlandFanCond.PumpSECEJECTORPRIEJECTORStart-upEjectorVACUUM

SYSTEMCond.

Levelcontrol

in‘Auto

mode’Cond.

Pumpstart

and

theother

one

inpriority開車程序START-UP

SYSTEM

SEQUENCEPrewarming

Main

Steam

Line對主蒸汽管進(jìn)行暖管Open

all

of

drain

in

main

steam

line.打開主蒸汽管上所有的疏水閥

Open

of

by

pass

valve

of

main

steam

1st

stage

slowly

(make

surethere

is

no

water

hummer

in

line).緩慢打開一段主蒸汽管上的旁通閥（確保在管道中沒有水）。

Open

of

by

pass

valve

of

main

steam

2nd

stage

slowly

(make

surethere

is

no

water

hummer

in

line).緩慢打開二段主蒸汽管上的旁通閥（確保在管道中沒有水）。

Prewarming

of

main

steam

line

over

after

main

steam

temperatur380

0C.當(dāng)蒸汽溫度>380

0C時，暖管就完成了。開車程序START-UP

SYSTEM

SEQUENCESealing

Steam

System

Operation密封蒸汽的啟動Sealing

steam

front

end(HHP

steam)密封蒸汽前端（HHP）Prewarming

of

sealing

steam

lines.密封蒸汽管道的暖管。Open

manual

valve(double

valve).打開手動閥。

Open

the

control

valve

by

auto

mode

from

DCS,set

point=1.080在DCS自動打開控制閥，設(shè)定值=1.080

bar。Sealing

steam

rear

end(LP

steam)密封蒸汽的后端（LP）Prewarming

of

sealing

steam

lines.密封蒸汽管道的暖管。Open

manual

valve(double

valve).打開手動閥。Open

the

control

valve

by

auto

mode

from

DCS,set

point=1.230 在DCS自動打開控制閥，設(shè)定值=1.230

bar.TURBINEHP

CHAMBERTURBINELP

CHAMBERHHP

HEADERHHPBLOWTANKGENERATORSEALING

STEAM

SYSTEMopened

afterprewarmingline

finishLP

HEADEROpen

all

of

drain

valveDouble

valveOpen

all

ofdrain

valveDouble

valveopened

afterprewarmingline

finishControlvalve

in‘Automode’with

setpoint

1.080To

:

AFTER

CONDENSERbaOFrEJECTOR

SYSTEMControlvalve

in‘Automode’

withset

point1.230

barTo

after

cooler/

ejectorcoolerControl

valve

sealingsteam

rearend

(LP)Control

valve

sealingsteam

frontend

(HHP)汽機(jī)的啟動程序TURBINE

START-UP

SEQUENCETurbine

prewarming(ESV

open/manual

start). 汽機(jī)的暖機(jī)（ESV打開/手動閥啟動）Main

steam

temperature

in

the

main

steam

line>380

oC. 主蒸汽管中蒸汽的溫度>380

oC.

Main

steam

pressure

in

the

main

steam

line

<

permission

pressureprewarming

valve.主蒸汽管中蒸汽的壓力<暖機(jī)時允許的壓力值。Turbine

auto

start(LSCV

controlled).汽機(jī)自動啟動（LSCV控制）Main

steam

temperature

in

the

main

steam

line>420

oC. 主蒸汽管中蒸汽的溫度>420

oC.Temperature

of

prewarming

valve>400

oC. 暖機(jī)的溫度>400

oC.Main

steam

pressure

in

the

main

steam

line

permission

pressure<80bar.主蒸汽管中蒸汽的壓力<80bar.LSCVBLCV

/BLEEDINGBLOCKECVCOND.TURBINE

START-UP汽機(jī)的啟動程序TURBINE

START-UP

SEQUENCE

Turbine

Generator

synchronize

to

Bus

Bar.汽輪發(fā)電機(jī)同總排Turbine

auto

start/speed

controller

is‘a(chǎn)ctive 汽機(jī)自動啟動/速度控制器激活。Excitation‘ON’(after

speed

3000

RPM). 勵磁啟動（速度到過3000

RPM后）Synchronization

criteria并網(wǎng)的三個條件Voltage

difference

should

be

as

small

as

possi 電壓差盡可能的小。Frequency

difference

should

be

as

small

as

pos 頻率差盡可能的小。Phase

angle

difference

should

be

as

small

as

p 相位角差盡可能的小。Synchronizing‘ON’同步啟動

CB

close,TGalready

synchronized.CB關(guān)閉，TG已并網(wǎng)。汽機(jī)的啟動程序

TURBINE

START-UP

SEQUENCEPick-up

load加載Important

（重要事項）:

Monitoring

the

position

of

the

Free

Range

Turbine

Casing

Flaand

Free

Range

Turbine

casing

Top

/

Bottom.根據(jù)上下汽缸的溫差來決定升載的情況。Monitoring

the

Elongation

Relative.監(jiān)測脹差。

Monitoring

all

of

indication

eg.

Vibration

value,

Shaft

posBearing

temperature,

Oil

temperature,

and

ect.監(jiān)測所有的振動、軸的位移、軸承的溫度、油溫等。Importantduring

start-up

and

pick-up

loadImportantduring

start-up

and

pick-up

loIamdportantfor

Turbineprewaming

&

start-up汽機(jī)的開車程序TURBINE

START-UP

SEQUENCELP

Extraction

controller‘ON’.LP抽汽控制器的啟動Adjust

load,according

to

LP

Pressure

requirement 根據(jù)LP壓力的需要來調(diào)整負(fù)載。

Prewarming

LP

Ext.line

and

open

valve

on

the

LPHeaderside.對低壓抽汽管進(jìn)行暖管，然后打開LP集汽柜側(cè)的閥門。Open

the

motorize

valve

on

the

extraction

line. 打開抽汽管上的電動閥。Spray

water

control

valve

in‘Auto

Mode’. 減溫注水控制閥到自動模式。Release/ON

Non

Return

Valve(NRV).解除截止閥。Controller‘ON’控制器啟動。汽輪機(jī)啟動程序TURBINE

START-UP

SEQUENCEMP

Bleed

controller‘ON’.MP充汽控制器的啟動

Adjust

load,according

to

MP

Pressure

requirement.根據(jù)中壓蒸汽的壓力需求來調(diào)整負(fù)載。

Prewarming

MP

Bleeding

line

and

open

valve

on

the

MP

Headerside.對MP充汽管進(jìn)行暖管，然后打開MP集汽柜側(cè)的閥門。Open

the

motorize

valve

on

the

bleeding

line.打開充汽管上的電動閥。Spray

water

control

valve

in‘Auto

Mode’.減溫注水控制閥到自動模式。Release/ON

Non

Return

Valve(NRV).解除截止閥。Controller‘ON’控制器啟動。Motorizevalve

1ststageEmg.StopValve(ESV

1

&2)Live

SteamControlValve(LSCV

1

&2)BleedingNon

ReturnValve

(NRV)ExtractionControlBleedVaSltveeamExt.CNoonntr(oElCVa1l&ve2)

Retu(rBnleeding

ValvBelock)(NRV)Spray

watercontrol

valveBleedingSpray

watercontrol

valveExtraction汽機(jī)的開車程序

TURBINE

START-UP

SEQUENCE

Normal

operation

controller.（正常運(yùn)行的控制器）Monitoring

for

all

of

system(DCS

and

PLC). 監(jiān)測所有的系統(tǒng)（DCS和PLC）

Control

all

of

equipment

for

abnormal

noise,temperature,

vibration,

leakage

and

ect.控制所有設(shè)備的聲音異常、溫度、振動、泄漏等問題。Record

data

in

the

Log

Sheet

as

per

hour. 每小時在報表上記錄數(shù)據(jù)。Monitoring

all

of

interlocking

indication.監(jiān)測所有的連鎖顯示。汽機(jī)的開車程序

TURBINE

START-UP

SEQUENCEMost

Important

Displays

for

Monitoring（臨測的重要畫面）RUN

SUPERVISION

Display（運(yùn)行畫面的監(jiān)測）GENERATOR

SUPERVISION

Display（發(fā)電機(jī)的監(jiān)測）TURBINE

CLC

Display（汽輪機(jī)CLC的監(jiān)測）LUBE

OIL

SYSTEM

Display（潤滑油系統(tǒng)的監(jiān)測）CONTROL

OIL

SYSTEM

Display（控制油系統(tǒng)的監(jiān)測）

Checking

for

all

of

indication

on

displaysimmediately（立即檢查所有畫面上所有的顯示）VibrationTurbine

HPVibrationVibratione

LP

indicoartFir.onVibratioTurbin

SpeedGenerat

nGenerator

RearVibrationExciterEndBearingTemp.BearingTemp.BearingTemp.BearingTemp.BearingTemp.GeneratorWindingTemp.,

6setsGenerator

SpaceHeaterCool

AirTemp.,

2setsWarm

AirTemp.,

2setsSet

pointLive

SteamControllerSet

pointFrequencyCSoent

proilnlter

SpeedControllerSet

pointBleedingControllerLimiterSet

point

Extraction

ControllerLubeOilLPurbess.

OilTemp.Control

OilPress.控制油的壓力汽機(jī)的停車程序

TURBINE

SHUT

DOWN

SEQUENCEUnload

the

Turbine.（汽機(jī)的降載）

Decrease

load

according

to

electrical

consumption(frequency

monitoring)

and

main

steam

pressure.根據(jù)電力的消耗（頻率監(jiān)測）和主蒸汽的壓力來降低負(fù)載。Unselected

load

shedding

according

Turbine

Load. 根據(jù)汽機(jī)的負(fù)載來解除其負(fù)載保護(hù)。

Continue

load

down

the

turbine

and

adjust

LP

ext

and

MP

bleedingaccordingly.繼續(xù)對汽機(jī)進(jìn)行降載，再相應(yīng)的調(diào)整低壓抽汽和中壓抽汽。汽機(jī)的停車程序TURBINE

SHUT

DOWN

SEQUENCEStop

the

Turbine.（汽機(jī)的停止）

MP

Bleed

controller‘OFF’according

to

Turbine

Load

and

MP落

Header

pressure

and

stop

the

system.根據(jù)汽機(jī)的負(fù)載和中壓集汽柜的壓力來關(guān)閉中壓充汽的控制器，停止該系統(tǒng)。

LP

Bleed

controller

‘OFF’

according

to

Turbine

Load

and

LP

Headerpressure

and

stop

the

system.根據(jù)汽機(jī)的負(fù)載和低壓集汽柜的壓力來關(guān)閉低壓充汽的控制器，停止該系統(tǒng)。

Close

Emergency

Stop

Valve

(ESV)

or

press

the

emergency

stop

button

atDCS.

Stop

turbine

when

the

load

dropped

down

approximately

0.5MW.關(guān)閉緊急停止閥或在DCS中停止緊急停止按紐，當(dāng)負(fù)載降低到0.5MW時停止汽機(jī)。汽機(jī)的停車程序TURBINE

SHUT

DOWN

S