商務(wù)英語縮略語的翻譯研究

PAGE22摘要在國際貿(mào)易背景下，國際商務(wù)活動日益頻繁，經(jīng)濟(jì)活動急速地豐富了語言的多層面發(fā)展，產(chǎn)生了越來越多的縮略語?？s略語成為了當(dāng)今世界普遍的語言現(xiàn)象。商務(wù)英語中的縮略語主要有三種類型：首字母縮略語、原始縮略語、混合型縮略語。每種縮略語都有各自的特點，所以在使用他們時，應(yīng)符合相應(yīng)的原則。在翻譯商務(wù)英語縮略語時，靈活運用音譯、直譯、音譯與增譯兼用的翻譯方法，才能有效地避免誤解，更好地促進(jìn)國際之間的交流。關(guān)鍵詞：縮略語；商務(wù)英語；翻譯方法

AbstractUnderthebackgroundofinternationaltrade,internationalbusinessactivitiesbecomemoreandmorefrequent,andeconomicactivitiesrapidlyenrichthemultifaceteddevelopmentoflanguage,resultinginmoreandmoreabbreviations.Abbreviationshavebecomeacommonlanguagephenomenonintheworldtoday.TherearethreemaintypesofabbreviationsinbusinessEnglish:acronym,originalabbreviationandblending.Eachabbreviationhasitsowncharacteristics,sowhentheyareused,theyshouldconformtothecorrespondingprinciples.Theflexibleapplicationoftranslationmethods:transliteration,literaltranslationandcombinationoftransliterationandadditionintranslatingabbreviationsinbusinessEnglishcaneffectivelyavoidmisunderstandingandpromoteinternationalcommunication.Keywords：abbreviations；businessEnglish；translationmethodsContents1726摘要 I7081Abstract II2064Introduction 115571ChapterOneBriefIntroductionofAbbreviations 2323391.1TheDefinitionofAbbreviations 2290321.2TheOriginofAbbreviations 2114171.3ThePrincipleofUsingAbbreviations 319492ChapterTwoTheTypesandGrammarFeaturesofAbbreviationsinBusinessEnglish 538042.1TheTypesofAbbreviationsinBusinessEnglish 5257572.1.1Acronym 5173592.1.2OriginalAbbreviation 957032.1.3Blending 10231392.2TheGrammarFeaturesofAbbreviationsinBusinessEnglish 1330841ChapterThreeTheTranslationMethodsofAbbreviationsinBusinessEnglish 15184773.1Transliteration 15244763.2LiteralTranslation 16144243.3CombinationofTransliterationandAddition 1830970Conclusion 207877Bibliography 2123995Acknowledgments 22IntroductionInthecontextofinternationaltrade,internationalbusinessactivitiesbecomemoreandmorefrequent.Economicactivitiesrapidlyenrichthemultifaceteddevelopmentoflanguage,resultinginmoreandmoreabbreviations,andthenewabbreviationsareemergingendlesslyeverywhere.AvarietyofabbreviationsinbusinessEnglishfrequentlyappearinvariousbusinesssituations.UnderstandingandmasteringbusinessEnglishabbreviationsareofself-evidentimportancetobusinesspeoplewhouseEnglishandtolearnerswhouseEnglishasasecondlanguage.AgoodstudyofabbreviationsinbusinessEnglishplaysanimportantroleinpromotingbusinessactivities.Abbreviationscanbewidelyused.Themainreasonisthatabbreviationsaresimpleandconvenient,time-saving,andcaneffectivelyadapttomodernfast-pacedlife.Atpresent,Englishabbreviationsareusedinallaspectsofsociallife.Thecorrectunderstandingandapplicationofabbreviationscaneffectivelyimprovetheefficiencyofstudyandwork,andstrengthenthecommunicationbetweenpeople.However,theuncertaintyofcontextandthepolysemyofabbreviationsthemselvesleadtoambiguity.Asaresult,thetranslationofabbreviationscannotbesuccessfullycompleted.Itisnecessarytobefamiliarwithandremembersomeabbreviationsthatarefrequentlyused.Startingwiththedefinitionandoriginsofabbreviations,thispaperputsforwardthatpeopleshouldfollowtheprinciplesofusingabbreviationsinbusinessEnglishandshouldnotmakeabbreviationsatrandom.Inaddition,thispaperanalyzesthreetypesofabbreviationsinbusinessEnglishwithrelatedexamples,andprobesintothetransliteration,literaltranslationandcombinationoftransliterationandaddition,whichplayimportantrolesinimprovingtheunderstandingofabbreviationsinbusinessEnglish.Becauseofthelargenumberofabbreviations,itisdifficulttomasterthemskillfully.Therefore,itisofgreatvalueandpracticalsignificancetostudyandresearchthetranslationmethodsofabbreviationsinbusinessEnglish.ChapterOneBriefIntroductionofAbbreviationsFromahistoricalpointofview,abbreviationshavealonghistory.Theyareunknownformostpeople.Itwasn’tuntil1943thatabbreviationsfirstappeared.Nowadays,itissaidthatthenumberofabbreviationsreachesuptoseveralmillions.TheyareanimportantpartofEnglish,especiallyinbusinessEnglish.1.1TheDefinitionofAbbreviationsAnabbreviationisashortenedformofawordorphrase.Usually,butnotalways,itconsistsofaletterorgroupofletterstakenfromthewordorphrase.Asacommonpragmaticphenomenoninmodernlanguages,abbreviationshavebecomemoreandmorepopularbecauseoftheirvitalityandrichinternalexpressiveforce.Openingthenewspaperandtelevision,abbreviationscanbeseeneverywhere,andithaspermeatedeveryaspectofsociallife.However,thecontinuousemergenceofmanyabbreviationsindifferenttradesandsubjectshasbroughtalotofinconveniencetopeople’scommunication.Inthefaceofunfamiliarabbreviations,readerswhodonotunderstandthetradewillfeelinthedarkandevenconfused.Theuseofabbreviationsisacomplicatedproblem.TheCambridgeInternationalDictionaryofEnglishdefinesabbreviationas“tomakeaword(sentence,book,etc.)shorten”,whichisveryaccurate.Forexample,“ACDT”isshortfor“accident”;“AEC”isshortfor“AtomicEnergyCommission”.Theyareabbreviatedformofwordsandphrases.“RITA”isshortfor“Romanceistreasuredalways”;“IBM”issometimesfor“I’vebeenmoved”,orsometimes“InternationalBusinessMachine”.Theyareabbreviationsofsentences.1.2TheOriginofAbbreviationsLikeanyotherlanguages,abbreviationsappeartosimplifycomplexcontent.Inancienttimes,mostoftheabbreviationsinbusinessEnglishappearedonbadgesorcoins.Becausethesecarriersweretoosmalltoexpressmorecomplexbusinesscommunicationcontent,abbreviationscouldonlybewrittenonthecarrier.Thismightbedonetosavetimeandspace,andalsotoprovidesecrecy.Shortenedwordswerecommonlyusedtorepresentwordsinspecificapplications.Nowadays,thecompetitionininternationaltradeisfierce,andwiththedevelopmentofscienceandtechnology,communicationfacilities,suchastelegramandemail,havewidelyused,andinternationaltradehasalsodevelopedrapidly,sobusinessabbreviationsalsoappearmoreandmorefrequentlyinpeople’sdailylife,suchasWTO(WorldTradeOrganization),CV(CurriculumVitae),CEO(ChiefExecutiveOfficer)andsoon.Therearemanykindsofabbreviationshavingbeencreatedinthebusinesscontext,andtherearemanywaystosimplifythem,suchasKg.(kilogram),BPC(BookPricesCurrent),NTWK(Network),ASAP(assoonaspossible),WKS(weeks).ItisnotdifficulttoseethatabbreviationsinbusinessEnglisharemostlynewneologies,whicharetheproductofthedevelopmentofthetimesandthegatheringofvarioustrends.Abbreviationsareanimportantformoflanguageexpression.BecauseabbreviationsinbusinessEnglishhavetherequirementsofseriousness,accuracyandsolemnity,andtherulesofconventionshouldbefollowedstrictlytoday.Whenusingabbreviations,itisimportanttoavoidcreatingabbreviationsandpayattentiontothelimitationoftimelinessandenvironmentalfactorssuchasregionalismintheuseofabbreviations.1.3ThePrincipleofUsingAbbreviationsLikeanyotherlanguages,alargenumberofabbreviationshavebeenwidelyusedbypeopleallovertheworld,andtherearemanyproblemsinpeople’suse.Oneofthemostprominentproblemsisthatsomenewabbreviationsdonotconformtolanguagenormsandneedtobedisposedorstandardized.Theprincipleofusingabbreviationsshouldbefollowedwhenusingabbreviations.Thefirstprincipleisthatpeopleshouldnotmakeabbreviationsatrandom.Self-madeabbreviationsleadtotheresultthatthesemantemeofabbreviationsarenotclearorambiguous.Becauseself-madeabbreviationsviolatetheconstructionprinciplesandmethodsofabbreviationintheprocessofconstructingabbreviation,andthemeaningcausedbythepatchworkisnotindeterminateandunderstandable.ThegenerationofabbreviationsinEnglishhasnofixedrules,butithasconvention.Intheeventofself-makinganabbreviation,thefullnameisindicatedinparenthesesfollowingtheabbreviationinthefirstuse,andforthesecondtime,peoplecandirectlyusetheformofabbreviation.Forexample,“ThatisanSD(suctiondredger).TheSDisexpensive.”Thesecondprincipleisthatpeopleshouldpersistincustomary.Language,asaproductofsociety,willbeaffectedbypeople’susagehabitsintheprocessofdevelopment,whichiscalledcustomary.Forexample,“P.C.”isanabbreviatedformofthe“postcode”.Peoplehavebeenlexicalizationintheprocessofuse,anditconformstopeople’scognitiveandpragmatichabits,sopeoplecannotcallit“Post”or“Code”,otherwiseitisthewrongabbreviationform.Thethirdprincipleisthattheunitofmeasurementisgenerallyintheformofanabbreviationwhenusedwithanumber.Forexample,“Testsshowthecar’shighspeedtobe40mphinlowgear,64.7mphinsecond,and99.5mphinthird.”Inthisexample,“mph”isequalto“milesperhour”.Peoplecannotuseabbreviatedformwhenthereisnonumberbeforetheunit.Becausetherehasspecificnumber,peoplecanuse“mph”insteadof“milesperhour”.Forexample,“Thespeedofashipisusuallygiveninknotsratherthaninmilesperhour.”Becausethereisnonumberbefore“milesperhour”,peoplecannotusetheabbreviatedform“mph”.Itisnecessarytobefamiliarwithandremembersomeabbreviationsthatarefrequentlyusedinpracticalwork.However,becauseofitslargenumber,itisnodoubtthattorememberallabbreviationsisatime-consumingandlaboriousjob.ThroughtheanalysisofabbreviationsinbusinessEnglishfromthethreeaspects,itwillbehelpfultoremembertheseabbreviationsortousethemaccuratelyinpracticalwork.

ChapterTwoTheTypesandGrammarFeaturesofAbbreviationsinBusinessEnglishUnderthebackgroundofinternationaltrade,internationaltradeactivitiesaremoreandmorefrequent,andtheeconomicactivitiesrapidlyenrichthemultifaceteddevelopmentoflanguage,resultinginmoreandmoreabbreviations.Becauseofthevarietyofabbreviations,itisnoteasytoremember,anditisofcertainvaluetostudythetypesandgrammarfeaturesofabbreviationsinbusinessEnglish.2.1TheTypesofAbbreviationsinBusinessEnglishBasedonthepreviousstudiesofEnglishabbreviations,abbreviationsinbusinessEnglisharedividedintothreetypesincludingacronym,originalabbreviationandblending.WangRongpeiandYuFulinagreewiththemethodofclassification.AccordingtoMr.WangandMr.Li’sjudgment,abbreviationsmusthavetheirownoriginalwords,andabbreviationsshouldkeepsomeofthewordsintheoriginalwords.Abbreviationsandtheiroriginalwordsareexactlythesameorbasicallythesameinmeaning.Abbreviationsshouldbeshorterthanitsoriginalwords.2.1.1AcronymAcronymsrefertotheformationofnewwordsbycombiningthefirstletterofeachword.EarlyEnglishacronymsmainlyappearedinmilitaryandpoliticalaspects.Itsprevalencewasaprominentfeatureofmodernlifeafterthe1960s.Especiallyinthe21stcentury,theuseofacronymshavespreadalloverpolitics,economy,military,scienceandtechnology,medicaltreatmentandothersociallifefields,showingagrowingtrend.Fromtheviewofapplication,acronymscoveralmostallfields,andthemostwidelyusedmajorsarebusinessEnglishandscienceandtechnology.Englishacronymscomeinmanyforms.Someshouldbeuppercase;Someshouldbelowercase;Someshouldbedotted;Someshouldnotbedotted.Themainpronunciationmethodsareasfollowed:thefirstoneispronouncedaccordingtoeachinitial,andthesecondoneispronouncedinPinyinmethod.Ifusedimproperly,therewillbeerrors.Acronymusuallyappearinthefollowingfoursituations.TheabbreviationofradioandTVstationsisofteninthecapitalformwithoutaddingadot.CCTV,ChinaCentralTelevision,establishedonMay1stin1958,whichisastateTVofthePeople’sRepublicofChina.CCTVisthebasesfornewspublicityandideologyandculture.Ithasmanyfunctionssuchasnewsrelease,socialeducation,culturalentertainmentandinformationservice.BBC,BritishBroadcastCorporation,establishedin1922andlocatedinLondon,whichisthelargestnewsbroadcastingagenciesintheworld.VOA,TheVoiceofAmerica,establishedin1942,whichisaninternationalmultimediabroadcastingstationthatoffers45languageservicedynamics.VOAprovidesnewsandculturethroughtheinternet,mobileandsocialmedia,andVOAserves164millionpeopleallworldinaweek.VOAisalsoagovernmentagencyunderthesupervisionoftheAmericanBroadcastingAuthority.ChinaCentralTelevision,BritishBroadcastCorporationandTheVoiceofAmericaareprevalentallovertheworldandalsoofferconvenienceforpeople’slife.Buttheyaretoolongtorememberforpeople,sopeopleusetheabbreviatedformtomakeitmoreconvenient.Peopleadoptthefirstletterofthewordstouse,andpeoplecallitacronym.Acronymhasbeenwidelyacceptedandusedbypeopleallovertheworld.WhenpeopleseeVOA,BBCorCCTV,theywillimmediatelyknowwhateachlettermeans,andtheywillbemoreconvenientforpeopletocommunicate.2)Theabbreviationsofgovernmentagencies,enterprisesandotherorganizationsareintheformofacronymwithoutaddingadot.E.g.1TheChinesenationflagandHKSAR(HongKongSpecialAd-ministrativeRegionofthePeople’sRepublicofChina)flagareraisedathandoverceremonyatzerohouronJuly1.7月1日零點，中國國旗與香港特別行政區(qū)區(qū)旗在主權(quán)交接儀式上高高飄揚。Inthissentence,peopleusetheword“HKSAR”insteadof“HongKongSpecialAd-ministrativeRegionofthePeople’sRepublicofChina”.“HongKong”istranslatedto“香港”.Itisapropernoun,andpeopleadoptthefirstletterofHongKongandpeoplealsousetheletter“S”insteadof“special”.Itismoreconvenientforpeopleallovertheworldtoremember.“Ad-ministrativeRegion”istranslatedas“行政區(qū)”and“thePeople’sRepublicofChina”istranslatedas“中華人民共和國”.Butthewordistoolongtorememberanditalsowastespeople’stimetowriteandread.Inordertosimplifythepeople’suse,peopleadoptthefirstletterofAd-ministrativeRegionandtheletter“R”torepresentthePeople’sRepublicofChina.IthasbeenwidelyusedbypeopleallovertheworldandwhenpeopleseeHKSAR,theywillrememberitisanabbreviatedformof“HongKongSpecialAd-ministrativeRegionofthePeople’sRepublicofChina”.E.g.2OrganizedbytheCYVA(ChineseYouthVolunteersAssociation),theprogrambeganinlastNovemberinJingleCounty.在中國青年志愿者協(xié)會的組織下,這個計劃于11月在靜樂縣實施。Inthissentence,CYVAisanabbreviatedformof“ChineseYouthVolunteersAssociation”.CYVA,ChineseYouthVolunteersAssociation,whichestablishesin1994.CYVAisanationalsocietyorganizationthatisconsistedbyyoungpeoplewhovolunteerforsocialpublicwelfareandsocialsecurity.Itisanationalnon-profitsocialorganizationundertheguidanceofcommunistyouthleagueofChina.InChina,voluntaryserviceisanewthingaccompaniedbythereformandopening-up.Ithasgreatsignificancetobuildaharmonioussocialistsociety.Inordertosavetimeandspace,peopleuseabbreviatedforminsteadofthefullname.CYVAhasbecomeinternationalgeneraltermanditisevenusedasaspecialnoun.3)TheabbreviationsofsomespecialEnglishproficiencyexaminationsareintheformofacronymwithoutaddingadot.TOFEL,theTestofEnglishasaForeignLanguage,isholdbytheAmericaneducationaltestingservice.ItisanEnglishproficiencytest.Thefullnameis“testfortheabilityofnon-Englishspeaker”.From1988to1989,morethan5.6millionpeoplearoundtheworldtooktheTOEFLtest,andmorethan1700TOEFLtestcentershavebeensetupin170countriesanddistricts.Morethan2300collegesanduniversitiesintheUnitedStatesandCanadasofarhavestipulatedthatforeignstudentswhoapplyforadmissiontotheschoolmustprovideatleastoneofstandardizedexaminationcertificates,suchasTOEFL,GRE,GMATorTSE.Onlyapplicantswhomeettherequiredgradesoftheschoolcanenteraschoolandapplyforscholarships.GRE,GraduateRecordExamination,whichistheexaminationthatpeoplehavetopasstojoinmostgraduatedegreecoursesintheUnitedStates.GREwasfirstco-organizedbyfouruniversities,namelyHarvard,Yale,ColombiaandPrinceton.Sincethen,ithasbeenheldeveryyearinmanydistrictsoftheworld.Asimportantentranceexaminations,TOFELandGREbecomemoreandmoreimportant.Theyhavewiderangesofapplication.Ifpeopleusethefullname,itislong-winded.Sopeopleadoptacronymtoabbreviateit.Acronymreferstotheformationofnewwordsbycombiningthefirstletterofeachword.Sopeopleuse“TOEFL”insteadof“thetestofEnglishasaforeignlanguage”and“GRE”insteadof“graduaterecord”.And’peoplealsousetransliterationtotranslate“TOEFL”into“托?！?Notonlydoesitsavepeople’stime,butalsoitcanberememberedeasilybypeopleallovertheworld.Inaddition,someprofessionalnames,therelevantpoliciesandsystemsformulatedbythestatecanalsobeabbreviatedwithoutadot.E.g.1AnMBAgraduatefromthePeople'sUniversityofChinajustreceivedanemploymentnotificationfromPeople’sBankofChina.一位中國人民大學(xué)的工商管理碩士畢業(yè)生，剛剛接到了中國人民銀行的聘書。MBA,MasterofBusinessAdministration,isaseconduniversitydegreeinbusiness.Inthissentence,itistheabbreviationfor“MasterofBusinessAdministration”.MBAisfoundedbytheHarvardBusinessSchooloftheUnitedStatesandisgraduallyrecognizedbytheworld’smajorbusinessschools,offeringcoursesandsettinguparelateddegree.TheemergenceofMBAmakesChina’seducationadaptabletotheworld.Therearetwokindsofmaster’sdegreesinourcountry.Oneisacademicmaster’sdegreeandtheotherisprofessionalmaster’sdegree.Theexistenceoftwomaster’sdegreesinChinaaredistinctivelyChinese,andChinahasintroducedMBAandsooninordertobeadaptabletotheworld.Peopleusetheacronymtoabbreviateit.Theyadoptthefirstletterofeachwordtosimplifyit.MBAhasevenbecomespecificnoun.4)Theabbreviationsofmonth,weekandplaceconsistofthefirsttwoorthreelettersofawordandarecapitalizedwiththefirstletter.Thereisusuallyadotattheend.“Sun.”istheabbreviationfor“Sunday”.Itbelongstoweek.Peopleadoptthefirstthreeletterstoabbreviateitandpeopleaddadotattheend.“Nov.”istheabbreviatedformof“November”.Itbelongstomonth.Peoplealsoadoptthefirstthreeletterstouseit.“Miss.”istheabbreviationsfor“Mississippi”,whichbelongstoplace.Peopleemploythefirstfourletterstoabbreviateit.Becausethesewordsaresocommon,peopleusuallytaketheabbreviatedform.Peopleshouldobeytheprincipleofusingabbreviationsandaddadotattheendoftheword.Itisconvenientforpeopletouseandhasbeenwidelyusedbypeopleallovertheworld.2.1.2OriginalAbbreviationTheoriginalabbreviationsaccountforalargeproportionoftheabbreviationsinmodernEnglishandarewidelyused.Originalabbreviationsarethesimplifiedformoftheiroriginalwords,sotheappearanceoftheoriginalwordsshouldbeearlierthantheabbreviationsthatpeoplehaveseen.Originalabbreviationsmusthaveacorrespondingrelationshipwiththeoriginalwordsintermsofusing.Originalabbreviationssimplifythelongeroriginalwords,sothelongeroriginalwordsaretheprerequisitefortheemergenceofabbreviations.Therearethreemainformsoforiginalabbreviations.1)Backclippingisthemostusedwaytoabbreviatewordsandbackclippingabbreviationisthemostimportantkindoforiginalabbreviations.E.g.1Strikingworkershaltedproductionattheautoplantyesterday.罷工工人于昨日停止了汽車廠的生產(chǎn)。Inthisexample,“auto”isclippedfromtheoriginalword“automobile”,andpeopletranslate“auto”into“automobile”.InEnglish-Englishdictionary,automobileisa4-wheeledmotorvehicle,anditisusuallypropelledbyaninternalcombustionengine.Automeansthesamethingasautomobile.“Auto”isoriginallytranslatedas“自動的”anditisacommonprefix.Therearemanywordsprefixedwith“auto”,suchas“automotive”,“automate”,“automobile”andsoon.Becauseitissowidelyused,inordertofacilitateitsuse,peopleabbreviateitonthebasisof“automobile”.Forconvenience,peopleadoptthefirstfourlettersfromtheword“automobile”,andthetranslationof“auto”into“automobile”isalsowidelyaccepted.Sointhiscontext,peoplecanuse“auto”insteadof“automobile”.E.g.2Thismemoends:“Pleasegivethismatteryourmosturgentattention.”備忘錄的結(jié)尾寫道:“請將此事作為接待處處理項.”Inthisexample,“memo”isclippedfromtheoriginalword“memorandum”,andpeopletranslate“memo”into“memorandum”.Memoisawrittenproposalorreminderandmemorandumalsomeansawrittenproposalorreminder.Forconvenience,peopleadoptthefirstfourlettersfromtheoriginalword“memorandum”,andthetranslationof“memo”into“memorandum”isalsowidelyaccepted.Sointhiscontext,peoplecanuse“memo”insteadof“memorandum”.2)Frontclippingistoomittheinitialoftheoriginalword.“Phone”isclippedfrom“telephone”,anditisasystemfortalkingtosomeoneelseoverlongdistancesusingwiresorradio.“Plane”isclippedfrom“airplane”,anditisanaircraftthathasafixedwingandispoweredbypropellersorjets.Ascommonprefixes,“tele”and“air”areusedineveryfield,especiallyincommunicationsindustryandaviationfield.Therearemanywordsprefixedwith“tele”incommunicationsindustry,suchas“television”,“telegraph”,“telecom”andsoon.Andtherearealsomanywordsprefixedwith“air”inaviationfield,suchas“aircraft”,“airport”,“airfield”andsoon.Becausetheyarewidelyusedbypeople,theyevenbecomecommonwords.Peopleusetheabbreviatedforminsteadoftheoriginalword.Thismightbedonetosavetimeandspace.3)Frontandbackclippingistoomittheinitialandsuffixoftheoriginalword.Thiskindofwordformationistheleastusedinabbreviatedwords.“Fridge”isclippedfrom“refrigerator”,inwhichfoodcanbestoredatlowtemperatures.Peopleadoptthefrontandbackclippingtoomittheinitialandsuffixoftheoriginalword.InordertoconformtoEnglishpronunciationhabits,peopleaddtheletter“d”beforetheletter“g”.Inthiswaycanpeoplesavetimeandremembereasily.Andithasbeenwidelyusedbypeopleallovertheworld.2.1.3BlendingThedefinitionofblendingistocuttwowordsatthesametime.Peoplecutofffirstorend,orcutonlyoneofthetwowordsandkeeptheotherone.Thenthetwopartsareputtogethertoformanewword.Blendinggenerallyappearsfirstinnewspaperarticles,scientificandtechnologicalarticles.Thenewwordscreatedbythisword-formationmethodaresimple,vividandchic,inlinewiththefastrhythmofmodernpeople.BlendingisoneoftheimportantwaystoenrichthedevelopmentofnewvocabularyincontemporaryEnglish.1)Takingthefirstpartofthefirstwordandtheendofthesecondword.Forexample,“boat”and“hotel”areblendedinto“botel”.Abotelisaboatthatservesasahotelorhostel.Thewordisaportmanteauof“boat”and“hotel”.Itcanbeusedinthissentence,“Thedealwassewnupoverdrinksinthebotelbar.”這筆交易是在旅館酒吧間喝酒時成交的。Peopleadoptthefirsttwolettersandthelastthreelettersfromthetwowords“boat”and“hotel”respectively.Comparedto“boatandhotel”,theword“botel”ismoreconvenientforpeopletoremember.Andtheword“botel”iswidelyaccepted.Sointhiscontext,peoplecanusebotel.“Smoke”and“fog”areblendedinto“smog”.Smogisamixtureoffogandsmokewhichoccursinsomebusyindustrialcities.Thewordisaportmanteauof“smoke”and“fog”.Itcanbeusedinthissentence,“Carscausepollution,bothsmogandacidrain.”汽車造成的污染既有煙霧也有酸雨。Peopleadoptthefirsttwolettersandthelasttwolettersfromthetwowords“smoke”and“fog”.Inthiscontext,peopleknowsmogisakindofpollution,anditbelongstoautopollution.Inordertofacilitatepeople’suse,peopleblendthetwowords“smoke”and“fog”into“smog”.Itbecomesshorterandeasierforpeopletoremember,andtheword“smog”iswidelyusedallovertheworld.“Breakfast”and“Lunch”areblendedinto“brunch”.Brunchisamealusuallytakenlateinthemorningthatcombinesalatebreakfastandanearlylunch.Thewordisaportmanteauof“breakfast”and“l(fā)unch”.Itcanbeusedinthissentence,“ThemorningIwenttoarestaurantfamousforitsbrunchbuffet.”今天早上我去了一個以自助早中餐而聞名的餐廳。Brunchdoenothappeneveryday.ItisusuallyonSundayandthemealtimeislongerthanusual.Themealtimeisusuallyspentfrom10a.m.to3p.m..Suchrestaurantstendtohighlightthethemesofleisureandgentleandfragrant,soforeignersoftencallit“Sundaybrunch”.Peoplefound“BreakfastandLunch”toolongtoremember,sopeopleusetheabbreviatedformandtheyadoptthefirsttwolettersandthelastfourlettersofthetwowords“Breakfast”and“Lunch”.Itiswidelyusedbypeopleallovertheworld.2)Takingthefirstpartofthefirstwordandthesecondwordrespectively.Forexample,“communications”and“satellite”areblendedinto“comsat”.Comsatisusedforcommunicationsandartificialsatellite.Peopletranslatetheword“communications”into“通信”.Andpeopletranslatetheword“satellite”into“衛(wèi)星”.Theword“communicationssatellite”istranslatedas“通訊衛(wèi)星”.Socomsatcanbeusedinthissentence,“Itriedtoreachthemoncomsat.”我試著通過通訊衛(wèi)星聯(lián)系他們。“Psychological”and“warfare”areblendedinto“Psywar”.Psywaristhecombinationoftwowords“psychological”and“warfare”.Peopletranslate“psychological”into“心理的”andtranslate“warfare”into“戰(zhàn)爭”.“Psy”istranslatedas“心理線”anditisacommonprefix.“Psy”,whichiscalledpsychology,comesfromtheGreekroot“psyche”,andpsychologyitselfrootsinphilosophy.Addedtheword“war”,“psywar”canbetterrepresent“心理戰(zhàn)”.Itcanbeusedinthissentence,“Interrogationisapsywarbetweenthepolicequestionersandcriminalsuspects.”審訊活動是審訊人員與犯罪嫌疑人面對面的心理交鋒，是一場心理戰(zhàn)。3)Keepingtheoriginalformofthefirstwordfollowedbythelastfewlettersofthesecondword.E.g.1I